Lecture Organizational behavior - Chap 4: Introducing organizational behavior

Chapter 4
Emotions, Attitudes, and Job
Satisfaction
Nothing beats feeling good


Chapter 4 Study Questions





What are emotions and moods?
How do emotions and moods influence
behavior?
What are attitudes and how do they influence
behavior?
What are the job satisfaction trends and
Issues?

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


What are emotions and
moods?


Affect
• Range of emotions and moods that people
experience in their life context.
 Emotions are strong positive or negative feelings

directed toward something or someone.

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What are emotions and
moods?


Emotional intelligence (EI)
• Ability to understand emotions in ourselves and others

and to use that understanding to manage relationships
effectively.

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Figure 4.1: Four key emotional
intelligence competencies

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4-5


What are emotions and
moods?


Self­conscious emotions
• Arise from internal sources (shame, guilt,

embarrassment, pride) and helps individuals regulate
their relationships with others.


Social emotions
• Arise from external sources (pity, envy, jealousy) and

information.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons,


What are emotions and
moods?


Moods
• Generalized positive or negative feelings or

states of mind.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons,


Figure 4.2: What are
emotions and moods?

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4-8


What are emotions and
moods?
Major
Emotions

Joy
Anger

Love

Sadnes
s

Fear
Surpris
e

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4-9


How do emotions and moods
influence behavior in
organizations?



Emotion and mood contagion – spillover effects
of one’s emotions and mood onto others.



Emotional labor – relates to the need to show
certain emotions in order to perform a job
well.



Emotional dissonance – emotions we actually
feel are inconsistent with the emotions we
try to project.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons,


How do emotions and moods
influence behavior in
organizations?


Deep acting
• Trying to modify feelings to better fit the

situation.


Surface acting
• Hiding true feelings while displaying different

ones.

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How do emotions and moods
influence behavior in
organizations?


Display rules
• The degree to which it is appropriate to display emotions.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons,


Figure 4.3 Figurative Summary of
Affective Events Theory

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What are attitudes and how do
they influence behavior?


Attitude 
• Predisposition to respond in a positive or

negative way to someone or something
in one’s environment.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons,


What are attitudes and how do
they influence behavior ?


Cognitive component
• Reflects underlying beliefs, opinions, knowledge, or

information a person possesses.


Affective component
• Specific feeling regarding the personal impact of the

antecedent condition evidenced in the cognitive
component.


Behavioral component
• Intention to behave in a certain way based on the

affect in one’s attitude.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons,


Figure 4.4: What are attitudes
and how do they influence
behavior?

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons,

4-16


What are attitudes and how
do they influence behavior?


Cognitive dissonance
• Describes a state of inconsistency between an individual’s

attitudes and/or between attitudes and behavior.


Cognitive dissonance can be reduced by:
• Changing the underlying attitude.
• Changing future behavior.
• Developing new ways of explaining or rationalizing the

inconsistency.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons,

What are attitudes and how
do they influence behavior ?


Job satisfaction
• An attitude reflecting a person’s positive and negative

feelings toward a job, co-workers, and the work
environment.


Job Involvement
• Extent to which an individual is dedicated to a job.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons,


What are attitudes and how
do the influence behavior ?


Organizational Commitment
• Degree of loyalty an individual feels toward an

organization.
• Rational Commitment – Reflects feelings that job serves

one’s financial, developmental, and professional

interests.
• Emotional  Commitment – Reflects feelings that what one

does is important, valuable and of real benefit to
others.
• Employee Engagement – A positive feeling or strong

sense of connection with the organization.

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What is job satisfaction
trends and issues?
Five facets of job satisfaction:
• The work itself
• Quality of supervision
• Relationships with co-workers
• Promotion opportunities
• Rewards Pay

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons,


What is job satisfaction
trends and issues?


Withdrawal behaviors
• Dissatisfied workers are absent more

frequently, more likely to quit, or at least on
the lookout for different employment.
• Employee absenteeism and turnover can
result in
 Loss of experience
 Replacement costs for recruitment and
training


Physical Withdraw and Psychological
Withdrawal

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What is job satisfaction
trends and issues?


Organizational Citizenship
• A willingness to “go beyond the call of
duty” or “ go the extra mile” in one’s work.
 Interpersonal organizational citizenship behaviors
have individuals doing extra things that help
others.
 Organizational citizenship behaviors advance the
performance of the organization as a whole.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons,

What is job satisfaction
trends and issues?


Relationship between job satisfaction and
job performance – three theories:
• Satisfaction causes performance.
• Performance causes satisfaction.
• Rewards cause satisfaction and performance.

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What is job satisfaction
trends and issues?


Theory: Performance causes satisfaction
• Satisfaction Causes Performance – increase someone’s

work performance, make them happy.
OR

• Performance Causes Satisfaction – The higher levels of

lasting satisfaction come from high levels of job
performance.

Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons,


Figure 4.5 Simplified Porter-Lawler
model of the performance 
satisfaction relationship?

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