Impact of LTE and DVB-NGH cooperation on QoS of mobile TV users

IEEE ICC 2013 - Next-Generation Networking Symposium

,PSDFW RI /7( DQG '9%1*+ FRRSHUDWLRQ RQ 4R6
RI 0RELOH 79 XVHUV
 





$PDO $EGHO 5D]]DF  6DODK (GGLQH (OD\RXEL  7LMDQL &KDKHG  %DFKDU (O+DVVDQ





3LHUUH DQG 0DULH &XULH 8QLYHUVLW\ /,3 /DERUDWRU\ )UDQFH

/HEDQHVH 8QLYHUVLW\ /D675H ODERUDWRU\ /HEDQRQ

2UDQJH /DEV )UDQFH

,QVWLWXW 7HOHFRP 7HOHFRP 6XG3DULV 805 &156  )UDQFH
$EVWUDFW²7KH /7('9% FRQYHUJHQFH WR RIIHU XVHUV D VHDPOHVV
0RELOH 79 VHUYLFH LV DW WKH KHDUW RI WKH HPHUJLQJ '9%1*+
VWDQGDUG 0RVW RI WKH ZRUNV DGGUHVVLQJ WKLV LVVXH IRFXVHG VROHO\
RQ WKH LPSDFW RI VXFK FRQYHUJHQFH LQ WHUPV RI FDSDFLW\ JDLQV
EURXJKW E\ /7( DQG FRYHUDJH JDLQV EURXJKW E\ '9% 7R WKH
EHVW RI RXU NQRZOHGJH WKH LPSDFW RI VXFK FRQYHUJHQFH RQ WKH
0RELOH 79 XVHUV¶ 4R6 KDV QRW EHHQ DGGUHVVHG \HW DQG LV WKH
IRFXV RI RXU SUHVHQW ZRUN :H VSHFL¿FDOO\ HYDOXDWH WKH XVHUV¶

4R6 LQ WHUPV RI TXDQWL¿DEOH PHWULFV QRWDEO\ WKH SUREDELOLW\ RI
VHUYLFH GHJUDGDWLRQ GXH WR QRQ DYDLODELOLW\ RI /7( EHDUHUV LWV
IUHTXHQF\ DQG GXUDWLRQ DQG VKRZ KRZ WKHVH PHWULFV HYROYH ZLWK
YDU\LQJ WUDI¿F ORDG DQG LQ GLIIHUHQW QHWZRUN FRQ¿JXUDWLRQV

, , 1752'8&7,21
0RELOH 79 LV D QHZ VHUYLFH WDUJHWHG ERWK E\ 7HOHFRPPX
QLFDWLRQ DQG 'LJLWDO 9LGHR %URDGFDVW '9%
RSHUDWRUV )RU
WKH IRUPHU /RQJ 7HUP (YROXWLRQ /7(
LV LQWHQGHG WR EH
WKH EHDUHU RI 0RELOH 79 WKDQNV WR LWV HQKDQFHG0XOWLPHGLD
%URDGFDVW DQG 0XOWLFDVW 6HUYLFH IHDWXUH H0%06
 7KH PDLQ
LVVXH WKDW SUHYHQWV WKHP IURP RIIHULQJ ULFK 0RELOH 79 VHUYLFHV
UHPDLQV WKH ODFN RI EDQGZLGWK IRU VXFK JUHHG\ DSSOLFDWLRQV HV
SHFLDOO\ WKDW PRELOH WUDI¿F ZLOO LQFUHDVH GUDPDWLFDOO\ RYHU WKH
XSFRPLQJ \HDUV >@ '9% EURDGFDVW RSHUDWRUV ZLWK WKHLU ODUJH
DPRXQW RI EDQGZLGWK KDYH DOZD\V EHHQ WKH EHVW FDQGLGDWH IRU
RIIHULQJ 79 DQG UDGLR VHUYLFHV WR D ODUJH QXPEHU RI FXVWRPHUV
7KH ¿UVW DWWHPSW WR SURYLGH WKLV VHUYLFH ZDV LQWURGXFHG ZLWK
'9% IRU +DQGKHOG '9%+
>@ ZKLFK LV DQ HYROXWLRQ RI
WKH WHUUHVWULDO '9%7 >@ WKDW WDUJHWV PRELOH UHFHSWLRQ '9%
+ ZDV QRW VXFFHVVIXO PDLQO\ EHFDXVH RI WKH ODFN RI VXLWDEOH
GHYLFHV DQG WKH H[SHQVLYH GHSOR\PHQW RI GHQVH VLWHV ZKLFK
LV QHFHVVDU\ WR RIIHU JRRG YLGHR TXDOLW\ IRU WKH XVHUV
*33 DQG '9% DUH LQFUHDVLQJO\ DZDUH RI WKH PXWXDO EHQH
¿WV WKDW WKH\ FDQ EULQJ WR HDFK RWKHU LQ WKH FDVH RI FRQYHUJHQFH
IRU D FRPPRQ RIIHU RI D 0RELOH 79 VHUYLFH 0RELOH RSHUDWRUV

ZLWK WKHLU ZLGHVSUHDG GHYLFHV DQG VRSKLVWLFDWHG VPDUWSKRQHV
DQG WDEOHWV FDQ UHPHG\ WR WKH SUREOHP RI VFUHHQLQJ DQG '9%
RSHUDWRUV FDQ SURYLGH ODUJH EDQGZLGWK UHVRXUFHV WR RIÀRDG
*33 QHWZRUN¶V ORDG
7KLV FRQYHUJHQFH LV EHFRPLQJ SRVVLEOH LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI WKH
QHZ '9%1H[W *HQHUDWLRQ +DQGKHOG '9%1*+
VWDQGDUG
>@>@ ZKLFK LV D IROORZ XS WR '9%7 /LWH >@ WKH PRELOH
H[WHQVLRQ RI '9%7 LWVHOI DQ LPSURYHPHQW WR '9%7
$OWKRXJK *33'9% FRQYHUJHQFH ZDV QRW D UHTXLUHG IHD
WXUH LQ 8076 DQG '9%+ V\VWHPV PDQ\ VWXGLHV WULHG WR
DVVHVV LWV SRWHQWLDO EHQH¿WV PRVWO\ LQ KRWVSRW W\SH RI VHWWLQJ

978-1-4673-3122-7/13/$31.00 ©2013 IEEE

3672

ZKHUH WKH FDSDFLW\ RI 8076 LV QRW HQRXJK WR VHUYH UHTXHVWLQJ
XVHUV DQG '9%+ LV XVHG WR GHOLYHU SRSXODU FRQWHQWV ¿OHV
DQG YLGHR VWUHDPV
DQG KHQFH RIÀRDG WKH 8076 QHWZRUN )RU
LQVWDQFH WKH DXWKRUV LQ >@ GH¿QHG DQ LQWHUV\VWHP KDQGRYHU
EHWZHHQ 8076 DQG '9%+ 9LGHR VWUHDPLQJ LV SURYLGHG E\
8076 EHDUHU ZKHQ WKH QXPEHU RI UHTXHVWV LV ORZ DQG E\
'9%+ RQO\ ZKHQ WKLV QXPEHU H[FHHGV D JLYHQ WKUHVKROG ,Q
>@ WKH DXWKRUV WRRN LQWR DFFRXQW D WDUJHW *UDGH 2I 6HUYLFH
*R6
DQG SURSRVHG D SHUIRUPDQFH PRGHO DQG FULWHULD ERXQGV
IRU ORDG VZLWFKLQJ EHWZHHQ 8076 DQG '9%+ IRU D VWUHDPLQJ
PXOWLPHGLD VHUYLFH $ TXHXHLQJ DQDO\VLV ZDV GRQH LQ >@ IRU D

¿OH GRZQORDG LQ D 8076'9%+ K\EULG QHWZRUN TXDQWLI\LQJ
WKH LPSDFW RI VXFK D VHWWLQJ RQ WKH DYHUDJH UHVSRQVH WLPH
7KHVH ZRUNV DVVXPHG WKDW XVHUV DUH DEOH WR UHFHLYH ERWK
8076 DQG '9%+ VLJQDOV DQG GLG QRW FRQVLGHU WKH FDVH ZKHUH
WKH WZR V\VWHPV KDYH GLIIHUHQW FRYHUDJH DUHDV 7KLV FDVH LV
EHFRPLQJ PRUH DQG PRUH LPSRUWDQW ZLWK WKH LQWURGXFWLRQ RI
'9%1*+ DQG FHUWDLQO\ '9%7 /LWH
VLQFH DV ZH ZLOO VHH
LQ WKH UHVW RI WKLV SDSHU LWV FRYHUDJH DUHD FRXOG EH GLYLGHG
LQWR PXOWLSOH FRQFHQWULF UHJLRQV FRUUHVSRQGLQJ WR WKH FRYHUDJH
DUHDV RI GLIIHUHQW VHUYLFH GH¿QLWLRQV HJ +LJK 'H¿QLWLRQ +'

79 VHUYLFH QHDU WKH '9% WRZHU DQG 6LPSOH 'H¿QLWLRQ 6'

79 VHUYLFH HOVHZKHUH 7KH RWKHU SRLQW WKDW LV PLVVHG E\ WKHVH
ZRUNV LV WKDW WKH\ GLG QRW DGGUHVV WKH FDVH RI /LYH 79 ZKLFK
LV DQ LPSRUWDQW DSSOLFDWLRQ RI 0RELOH 79 VHUYLFH
2XU DLP LQ WKLV SDSHU LV WR ¿OO WKLV JDS DQG VWXG\ WKH LPSDFW
RI WKH /7('9%1*+ FRQYHUJHQFH RQ /LYH 79 VHUYLFH IURP
WKH XVHU¶V VLGH LQ WHUPV RI TXDQWL¿DEOH 4R6 PHWULFV VXFK DV
WKH GXUDWLRQ RI QRQDYDLODELOLW\ RI WKH VHUYLFH RQ /7( EHDUHU
DV ZHOO DV WKH GHJUDGDWLRQ IUHTXHQF\ DQG GXUDWLRQ
7KLV SDSHU LV RUJDQL]HG DV IROORZV ,Q 6HFWLRQ ,, ZH GHVFULEH
RXU K\EULG '9%1*+ DQG /7( FRRSHUDWLYH V\VWHP ,Q 6HFWLRQ
,,, ZH GHULYH WKH 79 VHVVLRQ 4R6 PHWULFV 7KH LPSDFW RQ /7(
GDWD VHUYLFHV LV VKRZQ LQ 6HFWLRQ ,9 ,Q 6HFWLRQ 9 ZH H[WHQG
RXU PRGHO WR '9%1*+ DQG /7( 6LQJOH )UHTXHQF\ 1HWZRUN
6)1
ZKHUH WKH EDVH VWDWLRQV DUH FRRUGLQDWHG WR RIIHU WKH 79
VHUYLFH LQ D V\QFKURQL]HG ZD\ 1XPHULFDO UHVXOWV DUH VKRZQ

LQ 6HFWLRQ 9, 6HFWLRQ 9,, FRQFOXGHV RXU ZRUN
,, 6 <67(0
:H FRQVLGHU D K\EULG '9%1*+/7( V\VWHP ZKHUH ERWK
WHFKQRORJLHV FRRSHUDWH WR RIIHU /LYH 0RELOH 79 VHUYLFHV 7KH
'9% WUDQVPLWWHU LV SODFHG DW WKH FHQWHU RI DQ DVVXPHG FLUFXODU


DUHD RI UDGLXV  ZKLFK LV IXOO\ FRYHUHG E\ /7( FHOOV DV ZHOO
DV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH 

)LJ 

7KH PD[LPXP WKURXJKSXW WKDW FDQ EH DFKLHYHG LQ /7(
GHSHQGV RQ WKH SRVLWLRQ RI WKH XVHU LQ WKH FHOO >@ 7KLV
WKURXJKSXW FDQ EH REWDLQHG EDVHG RQ VWDWLF VLPXODWLRQV WKDW
FDOFXODWH WKH 6LJQDOWRLQWHUIHUHQFH SOXV 1RLVH 5DWLR 6,15

DW HDFK SRVLWLRQ RI WKH FHOO DQG DVVRFLDWH LW WR D WKURXJKSXW
GH¿QHG E\ OLQN OHYHO FXUYHV DV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH  IRU LQVWDQFH

6HUYLFH $UHD

$ '9%1*+ V\VWHP
7KDQNV WR WKH 7LPH'LYLVLRQ 0XOWLSOH[ 7'0
IRUPDW RI
WKH '9%71*+ VLJQDO PRELOH VHUYLFHV DUH WUDQVPLWWHG LQ
WKH )XWXUH ([WHQVLRQ )UDPH )()
LQ D YHU\ ÀH[LEOH ZD\ IURP
WKH VDPH WUDQVPLWWHU RI WKH ¿[HG VHUYLFHV ZLWK GLIIHUHQW SRZHUV
DQG PRGXODWLRQ 7KLV ZDV QRW WKH FDVH LQ '9%7+ QHWZRUN

ZKLFK QHHGHG DQ H[SHQVLYH GHGLFDWHG QHWZRUN >@
$QRWKHU IHDWXUH RI '9%1*+ LV WKH VHUYLFH VSHFL¿F UREXVW
QHVV WKDW LV UHDFKHG WKDQNV WR 3K\VLFDO /D\HU 3LSH 3/3
 WKH
WUDQVSDUHQW SK\VLFDO OD\HU LQWURGXFHG LQ WKH '9%7 VWDQGDUG
(DFK 79 FKDQQHO LV EURDGFDVW RQ WZR GLIIHUHQW 3/3V RQH IRU
+' DQG WKH RWKHU IRU 6' HDFK ZLWK D VXLWDEOH PRGXODWLRQ
DQG FRGH UDWH 7KHVH ODWWHU SDUDPHWHUV DUH FKRVHQ LQ D FRP
SURPLVHG ZD\ EHWZHHQ UHTXLUHG FDSDFLW\ DQG EHWWHU FRYHUDJH
/RZ RUGHU PRGXODWLRQV DUH JRRG HQRXJK IRU 6' VHUYLFHV DV
WKH\ GR QRW QHHG KLJK FDSDFLW\ '9%1*+ LV DEOH WR VHUYH
DOO 0RELOH 79 VHUYLFH DUHD ZLWK 6' VHUYLFHV DV WKHLU UREXVW
PRGXODWLRQV UHTXLUH ORZ &DUULHU WR 1RLVH 5DWLR &1
 7KLV LV
QRW WKH FDVH IRU +' VHUYLFHV ZKLFK QHHG PRUH FDSDFLW\ DQG
DUH PRGXODWHG ZLWK KLJKHU PRGXODWLRQ UHTXLULQJ KLJKHU &1
WKDQ 6' RQHV 7KH GLIIHUHQFH RI WKH UHTXLUHG &1 RI HDFK
3/3 OHDGV WR WKH GLYLVLRQ RI WKH VHUYLFH DUHD LQWR WZR UHJLRQV

,QQHU UHJLRQ  KHUH ERWK +' DQG 6' VHUYLFHV DUH
UHFHLYHG RQ WKH '9%1*+ EHDUHU DV WKH FRYHUDJH RI
ERWK 3/3 LV JRRG HQRXJK

2XWHU UHJLRQ KHUH '9%1*+ LV RQO\ DEOH WR RIIHU WKH
6' VHUYLFH ,Q WKLV FDVH +' LV EURDGFDVW WR XVHUV E\ DQ
/7( EHDUHU LI WKH ODWWHU LV DYDLODEOH

% &DSDFLW\ LQ /7(
$V LQGLFDWHG SUHYLRXVO\ +' 79 XVHUV LQ WKH RXWHU UHJLRQ
RI WKH V\VWHP QHHG WR EH VHUYHG E\ /7( 7KHVH XVHUV DUH

DVVLJQHG VHFRQG SULRULW\ DIWHU YRLFH XVHUV $V RI EHVW HIIRUW
GDWD VHUYLFHV WKH\ KDYH WKH ORZHVW SULRULW\ DQG VKDUH WKH
DYDLODEOH UHVRXUFHV DIWHU YRLFH DQG 79 XVHUV KDYH EHHQ VHUYHG
7KH FRPPRQ FKDQQHO WR EH VKDUHG LQ /7( LV EDVHG RQ D
QXPEHU RI DGMDFHQW DQG RUWKRJRQDO QDUURZ EDQG IUHTXHQFLHV
NQRZQ DV VXEFDUULHUV RI  .+] HDFK >@ RUJDQL]HG LQ
FKXQNV RU 3K\VLFDO 5HVRXUFH %ORFNV 35%V
 $ FKXQN LV WKH
VPDOOHVW DPRXQW RI UHVRXUFH D XVHU FDQ JHW ,W FRQWDLQV  VXE
FDUULHUV 7KH QXPEHU RI 35%V WR EH VKDUHG EHWZHHQ YRLFH DQG
YLGHR VHUYLFHV LV GLIIHUHQW LQ HDFK /7( EDQGZLGWK ZLGWK

3673

)LJ  5HVRXUFH %ORFN WKURXJKSXW DOORFDWHG WR XVHUV LQ GLIIHUHQW SRVLWLRQV
RI WKH FHOO

/HW
EH WKH DYHUDJH WKURXJKSXW RI D 35% RYHU WKH FHOO
VXUIDFH  $ YRLFH FDOO ZLWK DYHUDJH UHTXLUHG WKURXJKSXW
QHHGV DQ DYHUDJH QXPEHU RI 35%V JLYHQ E\


6R WKH UHPDLQLQJ QXPEHU RI UHVRXUFH EORFNV
WKDW FRXOG EH XVHG WR VHUYH 0RELOH 79 FKDQQHOV LV JLYHQ E\


ZKHUH
LV WKH WRWDO QXPEHU RI YRLFH FDOOV LQ WKH FHOO DQG
WKH QXPEHU RI 35%V

1RWH WKDW WKH PD[LPDO QXPEHU
RI YRLFH FDOOV WKDW FDQ
EH DGPLWWHG LQ WKH FHOO LV JLYHQ E\
,,, 4 2 6 0(75,&6
:H QRZ GHULYH WKH 4R6 PHWULFV IRU 0RELOH 79 XVHUV LQ
D '9%1*+/7( $V LQ WKH LQQHU DUHD 79 XVHUV DUH DOZD\V
VDWLV¿HG DQG UHFHLYH WKH +' VHUYLFH YLD '9%1*+ ZH IRFXV
RQ WKH RXWHU DUHD ZKHUH 79 XVHUV UHFHLYH WKH +' VHUYLFH
RQO\ LI LW LV EURDGFDVW E\ /7( DQG ¿QG WKHLU UHFHLYHG TXDOLW\
GHJUDGHG WR 6' RWKHUZLVH

$ 3UREDELOLW\ RI QRQDYDLODELOLW\ RI WKH /7( EHDUHU
,Q D G\QDPLF YRLFH79 VKDUHG VFHQDULR /7( PLJKW QRW EH
DEOH WR VHUYH 0RELOH 79 XVHUV DOO WKH WLPH DV WKH YRLFH WUDI¿F
YDULHV ZLWK WLPH $QG VR ZH DVVHVV WKH SUREDELOLW\ RI QRQ
DYDLODELOLW\ RI WKLV VHUYLFH RQ /7( EHDUHU DV D IXQFWLRQ RI WKH
YDULDWLRQ RI YRLFH WUDI¿F
 ,W KDV EHHQ VKRZQ LQ >@ WKDW WKH FHOO FDSDFLW\
LV JLYHQ E\ WKH
KDUPRQLF DYHUDJH RI WKH 35%V WKURXJKSXW DYHUDJHG RYHU WKH FHOO VXUIDFH



ZKHUH
LV WKH WKURXJKSXW RI D 35% FKDQQHO DW GLVWDQFH IURP WKH
LV WKH SURSRUWLRQ RI WKH FHOO DUHD ZLWK 35% WKURXJKSXW
H1RGH
DQG
LV WKH QXPEHU RI WKHVH DUHDV

:H FRQVLGHU WKDW YRLFH FDOOV DUULYH IROORZLQJ D 3RLVVRQ
SURFHVV ZLWK DUULYDO UDWH
DQG D VHUYLFH UDWH RI DYHUDJH 
7KH GLVWULEXWLRQ RI WKH QXPEHU RI YRLFH FDOOV LQ WKH FHOO LV

7KH IUHTXHQF\
RI WUDQVLWLRQV IURP 6WDWH 21 WR 6WDWH
2)) LV VLPSO\ WKH IUHTXHQF\ RI WUDQVLWLRQV IURP QHWZRUN VWDWH
YRLFH FDOOV WR WKH VWDWH ZLWK
YRLFH FDOOV
KDYLQJ
DQG LV JLYHQ E\