Đặc điểm địa hoá trầm tích và môi trường nước của hệ đầm phá tam giang cầu hai thừa thiên huế

MUC LUC
Trang

L6i cam doan
Muc luc
Danh muc cac ky hieu va chfl vifi't tdt
Danh muc cac bang
Danh muc cac hinh ve, dO thi
McVd^ii
Chitmtg 1: Lich sir va phuimg phap nghien cihi
1.1. Lich sir nghien ciru h6 d^im pha
1.1.1. CJiai doan tnr(k nAm 1975
1.1.2. Oiai doan sau nam 1975
1.2. Glc phuftiig phap nghien citu
1.2.1. Phmtng ph^p khao s^t
1.2.2. f ac phuomg ph.ip phcin tfch
Chwmg 2: \Y\^\\ klen dia ly fii nhien ciia
hf dilm pha Tarn (Jiang - Cc^ii Hai
2.1. Ccic di6u kiCn dia l^^ ciia ht d<1m pha Tam Giang - CAu Hai
2.1.1. Dia hmh
2.1.2. DacdidmkhfhAu
2.2. Ch6'do thuy van
2.2.1. Thny van sAng
2.2.2 Ilni van
2.3. CA'u line cua ht diSm pha Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai
2.3.1 DecatchAn
2.3.2. Biysau
2.3.3. Virc nirofc cua he d.1m pha
2.3.4. Cac cira bi^n
Chrroitg 3 : f)|a chat ciia he dam pha Tam (viang - Cau Hai
3.1. Dia chA't khu virc Hue'

3.1.1. DiatAng
3.1.2. Cac ihanh tao xAm nhAp
3.1.3. Kicn tao
3.2. Dae diem mOi tnrdng lAng dong trAm tfch Dc Tir
3.3. Licli sir hinh thanh va pliat triSn cua he dclm pha TG - CH
3.4. He dAm pha trong thai gian hicn nay
Chirong4:
Dia hoa tnim fich day ciia he diim pha
4.1. Tlianh phan ca hoc va phAn bO trAm tfch day
4.1.1. MOt sokhai niem

1
8
8
8
9
12
12
15
18
18
18
19
24
24
25
27
28
29
30

33
36
36
36
50
51
53
54
55
60
60
60

4.1.2. I l i a n h pliAn do hat va cac loai trAm tfch
4.1.3. ihanh phAn khoang vAt nhe cua trAm tfch

61
63

4.1.4. Khoang vAt nang trong trAm tfch

63


4.1.5. Npu^n cungcffp vAt liSu tnim tfch
4.1.6. PhAn hrtciia trAm tfch day
4.2. Dia hoa tr^m tfch d^y
4.2.1. He th6'ng cac chl tieu nghien ciru
4.2.2. pH cua trfim tfch
4.2.3. Eh va cac dang Fe^\ F e ' ^ Mn^' cua tr<4m tfch

4.2.4. Cac dang S O /
4.2.5. Cac bon hfru ca (Ch/c)
4.2.6. Cac chA'l dinh dirdng N, P
4.2.7. Cac kim loai nang
4.3.
Mrti lien (juan gifra trAm tfch va phAn b6' d6ng vAt day
Chirorng 5: Dia hoa moi trmmg ninVc cua he diim pha
5.1.
He !h6'ng cac chi tieu nghien cihi
5.2. Nhiet do vh su phAn fAng v6 nhiet dO cua nirtirc
5.3. D6 man va sir phAn tAng ve d6 man cua nirdc
5.4.
pH cua r\ii6c
5.5.
D6 due cua mrac
5.6.
DOcuanmifc
5.7. COD cua nircTTc
5.8.
BOD, cua niroc
5.9.
C ac chA't dinh dirang N, P, Si
5.10. Cac nguyen tO' kim loai nang trong nirac
5.1 1. M6'i lirorng quan gifra cac chi tieu dia hoa
5.12. Sir bien dOi m6i trircrng nirdc do ma cac cira bicn ma
vaolhang II nam 1999
5.13. Lien he gifra m6i trirorng nirc'tc vdri sir phAn bd cua
m6t s6' sinh vAt day cua he sinh thai dAm pha
5.14. MAi lien quan gifra khai ihac nguAn Igi
vai sir bie'n dong inAi Inrang nirac

Chuoitg 6 : Van de khai thac, sir dung hop ly tai nguyen va
moi truutig a he dam pha T ( i - C H dirm goc do dia hoa
6.1. Quan diem ve moi Inrcrng ben virng a he dAm pha TG - CH
6.2. Cac n.uuyen uhAn ca ban anh hirang de^n moi Iruoiig
6.2.1. Gac nguyen nliAn tir nhien
6.2.2. Cac ngviycn nhAn sinh
6.3. MAl sA d^ xuA't v6 mAi truc^mg vA phat trien ben \'frng a he dAm
phci TG - C\] tren quan diCm Dia hoa
Ket hian va kicn nghi
Danh muc cac cong tiinh ciia tac gia
1:ii lieu tham khao

65
66
72
72
72
74
76
76
79
HO
K6
S8
88
89
91
96
97
99

KH)
100
101
102
104
106
I 12
I 15
118
II8
1 19
119
122
I 26
129
131
132


/

roNCiiioA XA iioiciiO

DAI I K H M i l K H M H A llA NO!

NC;IIIA VIPI NAM

Doc lAp - Tir do - llanh pbiic

- - - (.11

SA: ^.^/J/DI-SDll

III) Noi, fii^ay /

flNtni; S ndni

2002

.•v.

QllVin DINH
CIIA (;!AM DOC DAI HOC (^DOC (;IA IIA N(*)l
V / v : I h a n h l a p l l o i ( l o n g c a p n h a nircVc c l i A m l i i A n a n l i e n si

{;IAM DOC DAI HOC QUOC (HA HA NOI
- Can Dai hoc ()noi f^ia;

//ji,v)y 01 thdn\i 02 nam 2001 (un Chifth pin) ve

' Can i\(Qu\
< hr'Tf) < Inn va llaat (lpn,if cua Dai hoc Qnoc \iia ban hanh ihco
ih/ih so 1612001 IQDlls^
nj^av 12 thani^ 02 nam 2001 cna I'hn t\(on^ (hinh phu:

Qnyrt

- Can c\'(Qu\rl dinh so 2l/200l/()l)
HCfnc^ni
(hic \d Ddo t(to vc vice uy quycu < Ito Cidni doc DIIQC

(lido

ni^ay 2HI6I200I cua Ho nuonv Ifo
< dp hdni* ficn sJ;

'Thro (h' n\^hi i ua (dc dui; I nrdnii ban Ddo tao, I lieu fnfthti^ tn(dn\i Ihn IUH Klioa hot
I'u nhien,

QiivryiDiNii
D i c u I: l l i a n h lAp l l o i d o n g cAp nha muic chAm luAn an lien si ( i i a n g h i e n i ihi
sinh l>e X u a n Tai.
I )e tai.' ' 7 W r dient din hoa (ram tick
- (Mtt Ilni,

lluia

ihien

d i u y e n nganh: Ihach

-

vd mdi tnidng

ntidc

cua he ddnt phd

! tun

(Hang

Ilue'\

hoc - Khoang

hoc - Irani

lich hoc\ M a so: / . 06, O.h

Danh sach ciie Ihanh vien eiia l l o i d o n g k c n i t h c o ( | u y e l d i n h nay.
Dicu 2: Ong I lieu Irirtrng l i i r a n g Dai hoe K h o a hoe Tir nhiOn en n l i i e n i vw tA ( hire
l>ao ve luAn an cAp nha lufi'tc Iheo Q u y chc D a o tao san dai hoe h i c n hanh ( na HA Gi;i(>
due va Dao tao va (^ny d i n h lam Ihoi vd dao tao sau dai hoe (V Dai hoe (^iioc gia I la N o i .
D i c u 3: Ciie Aug d i a n h van p l i o n g , 7Yirong ban Dao tao, I lieu lnr('fng I n r o n g Dai
hoe Khoa hoe l\r n h i e n , e;ie Ihanh vien I r o n g H o i dAng eAp nha \\\u'ic ehAiti InAn an l i e n
si ehiu Diieh nhieni i h i hanh (|uyel d i n h nay.

Nni nhan:
-l.uu V l \ bail D i

( ; S . 1 \ ^ K i r . Dao I r o n g

Ihi


l)Al{ie|;ACIiaJl0Y.I)6N(;

CAP NIIA N D O C

(lhcoj(il(3^id|ini.sl%/^^

sir

Ho vn Icti

/

CHAM MIAN AN II^.N Sl

/ & /2nn2criii(Jii'iin(locl)n{;(aiN)

1 l a r l i nlil^ni

("huycn
nganh

Ccr q u a n cnng lac

U\>\\\1 !lr»l (h>MR

01

CIS.'IS. Mai Trong NliiiAii

Dia hoa

Dai hoe (^»ioe ^\\\ UN

( h n lieh

02

I'CiS. 'IS. NgiiyOn Kliiic Vinh

Dia hoa

lloi Dia eliAl Vict Nam

Than biCn 1

03

IXiS. TSKII. nnng Villi Hiil

Dia chA't
D(l ti'r

rnrfrng Dai hoc Mo-Dia
ehAt

Phan biOn 2

O'l

'IS. I.(i'nii L;ii

Dia hoa

05

IXIS IS n A H i i Vftii'lliMiili

Khoang
vAI

Of)

(iS. IS. T r n i i N g l i i

TrAm tfch

I'dS. IS. rliJiin I l i i y ' n O n

riAm t k h

0/

—

lAi dong gom 07 Ihanh vien.

Vien Dja CWM
rninglAin K i l l N<^CNU( 1

Than biOn }

'InntMp D I I K I I I N ,
l)ll(;(WIN

llurky

TnrfrnpDIIKIHN.
I)II(;(MIN
Itunp IfuM K I I I N c ^ C N ( ; ( ;

I ly viOn
Uy v i r n


QUYET NGHI CUA H O I DONG
CHAM LUAN AN TIEN SI CAP NHA NUOC

\i luSn an cua nghiSn ci/u sinh:
De tai:

Le XuAn Tai

Dae di^m dia hoa trdm tfch va m6i trucmg nirdfc
cua hd ddm pha Tam Giang- CSu Hai Thiia Thi^n Hud'

Chuydn nganh: Thach hoc, khoang hoc, Trftm tich hoc
MaS6:

1.06.03

Ngay 14 Ihang 9 nam 2002, H6i dAng chfl'm luAn an cA'p Nha nirac cbo luAn
an cua nghiAn ci/u sinh LA XuAn Tai da hop tai TnrcVng Dai hoc Khoa Hoc I ir nhiCn
(lA chAm luAn an noi trdn. vSau phAn khai mac, HOi dAng da nghe nghiSn cihi sinh

trinh bay torn tAt nOi dung luAn an. Sau khi nghe cac y kiCn nhAn x^t cua phan bi6n,
HAi dAng dat cAu hoi va nghiAn ci/u sinh tra lai, H6i dong da hop di ra quyet nghi
danh gia luAn an vai nhiJng di^m sau dAy:
1. LuAn an cua nghiAn curu sinh LA XuAnTai dirac xAy dirng tren ca sa m6t
khAi li/ong tu liAu phong phu va da dang vA dia chAt, trAm tfch, dia hoa,
Vt^ mAi triromg.
2. NghiAn ciru sinh da sir mAt hA phuong phap d6ng b6, hop ly, hiAn etai va
CO dA tin cAy cao dA sU ly nguAn tai liAu phong phu noi trAn.
3. LuAn an c6 y nghia khoa hoc va gia tri thiTc tiln, gop phAn hoan tbicn
phirang phap hiAn vh cac phiro^ig phap nghiAn ciru hA dAm pha ven ba.
dAng thai gop phAn tfch circ lam phong phii hA thong tai lieu nhAin phat
trien ngafih dia hoa trAm tfch a ViAt Nam. Ket qua cua luAn an c6 tbA' lam
ca sa cbo cAng tac dinh birong khai thac hop ly tai nguyen, hao vA mAi
frirang \'a phat tiAn bAn vfrng he dAm pha Tam Giang - CAu Hai cQng nhir
cdc hA dAn pha khac c6 diAu kiAn tu nhiAn lycmg (u a Viet Nam.
4. LuAn an c6 nhi7ng diAm mai sau dAy: a. Phat hicn dac diem dia boa tffitn
tfch, qui hiAt bien dAi mAi frirang nirac theo khong gian va thai gian cna


hA dAm pha T a m Giang - CAu H a i . b. Phat hiAn bA sung va giai thich hien
tirgng phAn t^ng ngi/ac vA nhiAt do , dA man cua hA dAm pha. c. Phat hien
6 nhiAm d6ng trong wtim tfch day. d. Xac lAp dirac sir bien dAng m o i
tn/omg nuofc cua hA d^m pha do m a thAm 3 cira biAn m 6 i vao thang
1 1/1999 va da churng m i n h tfnh tfch cue cua sir bien dAng do.
5. LuAn an cua nghiAn curu sinh LA XuAn Tai c6 chat luong cao, khAng trung
lap vcfi nhung cAng trinh da cAng bA' a trong va ngoai nirac. T o m tiit cua
lu$n an phan anh ddng nAi dung cua luAn an. LuAn an trinh bay dep, dap
irng du yAu cAu dAi vofi luAn an TiAn sT theo quy dinh hiAn hanh. CAng
trinh nghiAn cuu cua nghiAn ciru sinh LA XuSn Tai xihig dang la mAl luAn
an TiAn sT D i a chA't hoc v^ nghiAn ciru sinh xung dang dirac nhAn hoc vj

TiAn sT.
SA thanh viAn HAi dAng nh^t tri quyA't nghi:
7/7 danh gia luAn ^n thuAc loai xufft sAc.
HAi dAng nhAt trf kfnh dA nghj Dai hoc QuAc gia Ha NAi cAp bAng 1 iAn sT c b o
nghiAn cihi sinh LA XuAn T h i .

Ngay 14 thang 9 nam 2002
Chii tich HAi dAng

GS.TS M a i T r o n g NhuAn


IJAN NHAN XET LUAN AN TIEN SI
Ve dc (ai: f)ac diAm dia hoa Irani tfch va moi Iruong

IUKVC

cua he dfini pha Tati

Giang- Cfiu I lai- Thira Thien Hue.
Chuven nuanh: Thach hoc, Khoang hoc, Tram tfch hoc.
Ma so: 1.06.03
Nt^hicn cuii sinh: Le Xuan Tai
Phan bien 1
PGS.TS NguyAn KliAc Vinh
Vien Dia elial va Moi liiroiig
lloi Dia ehal Vicl Nam

0

NOI DUNG NHAN XLT

\. Hon 50 nam qua nganh dia chat Viet Nam da dai nhiAu thanh cjua trong
nghien ci'ru lap ban 66 dia chat, phat hicn llm kiem thain do khoang san
v.v....nhAm lam sang l6 can true dia chat Vicl Nam, danh gia lai nguyen khoang
san phuc vii eho cong cuoc xay dung va phat trien kiiih te cua chit nuoc. iKMig
nhfrng nam gan dAy cong lac nghien ciTu dicu tra dia ehal da ehii y 6c\\ nliieu
chuyAn dA khac nhau lien c|uan den vice khai ihac sir dung liop ly va b;'io ve tai
nguyen thien nhien va i)liat trien bAn Nfrng.
Vice nghien ciru dia hoa liam tfch va moi truo'ng inioe he dani i"»ha Tain
Giang- Cau Hai -Thira Thien Hue la vice lam cap ihiel mang ifnh ihoi su iihani
phuc vii irirc ticp cho phal trien kiiih le cua TIn'ra Thien i lue va bao \ e moi Iruonu
dc phal trien bAn vung.
2. IhKVng nghien euu dia hoa train Ifeh n()i ehiiiij: \a dia ho;! tiaiii li'eh he
cliim j)hri n(')i rieng la hu'ong nghien eiiu nuyi Irong nganh (Ma chat Viet Nam. I h;ip
niAn 80 cua the ky trirac moi bat daii c6 mot so cong Irinh nghien eiin ve van dc
nay, sau do 10 nam da co gan 10 cong Irinh nghien eiVii dac dieMii dia hoa Irani
tfch \'a eae van dA lien ciiian a he dam pha 1'am Giang- CYiii Mai. 'i^iiy nhien clitfa
CO cong liinh nghien euii nao di san phan tfeh eae ehi lieu dia hoa moi trnong nhu*
nhiet do, p i b do man, do due v,v... va hanh \i eae nenven lo'theo 3 Ifum san khac
nhau den L5)n. Dieu do elning lo de lai eua NCS khong Irimg lap so va'i eae eong
trinh da cong bo a trong va ngoai nuoc.
3. Miie dfch ehfnh cua luan an la xae lap dae diem dia hoa tram IK li day va
dfie diem dia hoa moi liirong eua he dam phii de phiie vn eho \iee su'ching hop jy
lai nguyen ihien nhien li'ong \'ung va phat tiieii ben vfing he dam pha 'lani Gians'CAu llai.
Noi (lung eua luan an da tap \\[\n[: di sau phan li'eh eae van de dia Ima li;ini
Ifeh; moi tiu'ong luioc the hien o eae eluRvng 4.^,6.
1cn ci'ia de lai da ph;Mi ;inh ro e;ie noi dung ehfnh eiia luan ;in \;i phu Imp
\a'\ ehuNXMi mianh ihaeli hoe, klio;iiu: \al. tiani tieli hoc . ma so' I.Ofi.OV

.

.

-

•

i_

.

4. Nghien ei'm sinh da su" dung he pluKvng phap i)i:lnen ((in r h i i \ e n san \e
liam tfeii vh moi Iruoim nuoe lo" de ihuc hien de lai. the hien ]n MM niaiiu IH'M
diem kh;io s;it ho'p ly, khao sal o'eae tlio'i gian ihi'eli hop de xae dinh sir bien (\n\]ji
moi tru'oim theo ehe 66 liieu va Iheo mua, dun*: phuo'm: hen l h u \ e n ma\ ((') c;ic

1


liang thiA't bi lot cho nghien euu va lay niAu. Cac loai man tram ifch day \a man
nirac dugc lAy du dai dicn cho he dfim pha va diroe phan ifeh bang eae phuciig
phap hoa ly hien dai c6 a Irong \n\ac. Khi xir ly so lieu NCS da dung eae [ihiioiig
piiap tong hap phAn tfch danh gia loan hoc v.v... de' rut ra eae ket luan du do tin
cAy.

5. Kcl (|ua nghien ciru cua de lai la da xae lap duoe lich sir hinh thanh he
di1m pha Tam Gang- CAu Hai, quy lual bicn dAi cac ehi tieu moi Iru'ong nuoe
theo llio'i gian va khong gian, dong thai phat hien c6 A nhiAm iiguyAn to C^i Irong
trAm tfch day eua he dfim pha. Nhfrng ket qua nay ro rang eo y ngliTa liong \ ice

phat triCn chuycn nganh liam Ifeh a nuoc la va phne vu line liep eho san \n;il
khai thac hop ly tai nguyen cua he dfim pha.
Tuy nhien khi nghien eiiu dia hoa Irfim Ifeh va dia hoa moi linong nncVe
cAn phan ifch va lam sang to hon lac dong lucyng ho va su phu thuoe (|ua lai ei'ia
cac yen to dia boa gifra cac moi liuang nay.
6. lh\\] luan an co kcl can chat ehe, hinh thiie liinh bay dep, \an phong
sang sua. Noi dung cua luan an da du'oc cAng bo cV iren c{\c tap ehf khoa hoe hvn
e(3 uy Ifn a Viet Nam nhir Taj) chf Dia chat, Tap ehf ciie khoa hoe liiii dai, Taj)
ehf Dai hoe 1 lue v.v...
Ket luan cliiint;:
DA tai nghien euu cua NCS co ifnh ihoi sir cap ihict, co y nghia khoa hoe
dong gop vao phap Irien chuven nganh dia hoa liam lieh Viet Nam. NCS da sir
dung cac phiRyng |")hap lien lien de nghiAn euu dC tai. Kcl (]ua nghien euu sc phuc
vu tot cho vice khai ihae sir dung hop ly lai nguyen eua he dam pli;i \'a bao ve
mAl Iruong
Ban luan an dap ling dau du cac yen can eua luan an TS theo (|uy dinh eua
Nha nu'oc.
Ban loin tat luan an phu hop \6i noi dung ehfnh eua luan an. Dc nghi cap
CO iham (|u_\'en eho NCS duoe biio ve luan an eua minh de gianh hoc- \'i TS.
y^.:n^r7^^i^

r^fy^^yOfJ.'^^^

//'•/ A(>A ngiiyU llnUio H nnni 2002
Ky ten

d ^4^

h^ ^ ^

P(JS. IS ,\mi \ en Khnc I ////;


r>AN NHAN XF/r LUAN AN TIKN Sl
])AC

Vc do lai

niKM

niA

JUlK^NC NUdc

HOA

IKAM

rim

VA

INIOI

CIJA III: DAM IMIA TAM (ilANC-

CA\J MAI THUA 'I^HIKN 11111"!
Chi/yrn

nf^nnh

TMAc^ii HOC - KiK)AN(; HOC - r i r \ i \ i r i c n H O C

Md sd:

i.on.oa

N oh ICO cd'u. sinh.:

LK XUAN TAI
P/idn hirn 2
(;S, T S K I I . DANO ^ AN IIA T
'rHU'ON(; DAI HOC INin DIA CHA I'

1 lA d;1m pha T a m G i a n g - CAu llai la lagiin dieii hinh l i o n g hO i h o n g
lagnn V(MI l^o' o Viet N a m . Cae hien l u o n g dia ehal gan lien \'oi su' lien ho;»
ciia he d a m pha dien ra kha pluie lap va da d a n g , anh hu('»ng line liep i\c\] sir
khai lh;ie, (|uv h o a e h va phal trien kinb le lanh lho.\^'li d i e n t\<\\ ? I''i k m ' ,
he d a m ph;i nav e(') y nghia hVn ckn voi sir ph;tl liirii kinli \r < M.) linh
Thirii l i n e , l i e dAm jiba T a m D i a n g - CAu Mai da ihn hnl

Ihua

ar (|iian lam

nghien eiiu cna nhien nha khoa hoc lien e;ic linh vue k h a e n h a u . S o n g , ph;'ii
llura nhan rang vice n g h i e n euu c h u y c n sAu ve d a e d i e m dia ho;i liani Ifeh
va moi liUong nu'fye ehira d u o e lien h a n h n h i e n . L u a n ;iii eua f J( *S I r XuAn
Tai 6^\ g(')p phan lam s a n g In van 60 n a v , xae d m h he»a li;1m Ifeh 6.\\\ dia hoa moi Iiirong mr(Vc eua he d a m pli i Moni: su ( h i

phoi eua eiie dieu kien lir n h i e n . VAn 6c lAI thai sir eua luan m la \;ie lap
d u o e sir bien d o n g m o i Iruong lurc've eua he d a m p\M\ d o m o I h e m 3 i ua b i r n
nu'vi ifr n g a y 03/1 l/l*)99 d e n na)'. K h o n g eon nghi n g o gl mra. luan ;hi e o y
nghia khoa h o e \'a Ihu'e lien, g o p |ih;1n e h o c o n g liie (huh h u o i m khai lli;ic
h o p ly l.Vi n g u ) ' e n \'a b;io \'c moi l i u o n g ben vfrng eua he d a m ph.'i. Luan an
cow [\op phan xa)' d u n g he Ihong lai lieu, lir lieu k h o a h o e \ a plin'ong p h a p
luan n g h i e n eiVu \'e moi doi l u o n g lal d;'uig c|uan (am c ua c .'n nha k h o a hoe
dia e h a l . dia ly liAn ihe gi('>i. D(') la he i h o n g lagnn \'en b o . V6\

\\ |)h;il liiAn

hien nay, n g a n h k h o a hoe ve lagnn e h a e eh;in sc e(') mot \'i In nhal d i n h
lioim he I h o n g e;ie khoa hoc- dia e h a l . dia ly.


DA lai ciia luan an k h o n g l i i m g lap v o i eae c o n g l i l n h

luan an da

c o n g bA 6 l i o n g va n g o a i nuVve. NAi d u n g eha luan an di san vao n g h i e n < iiu
IrAm Ifeh d a y va m o i l i U o n g nUo'e v o i eae dae d i e m dia ho.i eo ban t ua hA
d i i m pha T a m G i a n g - CAu I lai la phu h o p v o i de lai m a luAn -ui. d i i n g v(Vi
c h u y A n n g a n h T h a c h hoc - K h o a n g t h a c h - T i A m l i e h hoe m a n g ma so
1.06.03. L u A n an da siV d u n g 104 lai lieu I h a m k h a o b a n g liem.i V i e L l i e n g
A n h , l i e n g N g a . Cac trfch clAn l i u n g l l n r c , ro r a n g , die h i e n l i n h n g h i e m liie
cua N C S .
L u a n an d u o e x a y d u n g l i e n eo" so lai lien eua e h f n h b.ui (ban l/ie gia
true liep ihu i h a p . k h a o sal I.S dol l;n 4,'^vi l i i ciiian hrie. dae biel l;ie gi;i da
true liep kh.io sal A dot sau k h i mcV eua b i e n Hoa D u a n lir l h ; i n g 1 l / L * 9 9
6c\\ hie eua b i e n nay bi lap lai vao i h a n g S/20()(). L u a n .in cow sh d u n g k c l

qua n.uhien eiVu eua dc lai I r o n g d i e m cap N h a luit'ye, e;ie e(">ng l i i n h n g h i e n
cfru dia ehAI vA drim pha T a m Cliang - CAu l l a i , l o n g h o p kel (|ii.i jibAn l i ' d i
eua gfm Si)() m a n l i A m Ifeh d a y . b7() niAu nn('ic va h a n g ngaii so lieu d o m o i
I r u o n g nu()e lai h i c n l i U o n g . N g o a i ra, luan ;in cnw sir d u n g ho p h i i o n g ph;ip
n g h i e n efrii hop l y , lir nhfrng p h i r o n g phap n g h i e n eii'u n g o a i I h i i '

d i a , bo trf

m a n g lu'tVi Ihfeh h o p Iheo 1 1 m a l eal voi 45 d i A m c]iian l i a e , 6c\) i-:\c p l u i o n g
ph.ip n g h i e n efru I r o n g |")hong nhu phan l i e h Ihanh phan h.U, i h a n h

phan

k h o a n g N'AL C]uang p h o d i n h l u o n g ;',an di'ing l o a n p h a n . e;i( b o n h i i i i ( o-, CAC
c h l lieu dia h o ; i . x;ie d i n h h a m liKViig k i m h^ai. \'.v... T a i ca d i e n 6n da d.un
b;io eho 6o t i n eay eua eae kel luAn ma luan ;ui dua la.
T h a n h c o n g (|uan l i o n g cua luAn an vao vice n g h i e n eiin h-; d;1m pha
T a m G i a n g - Can l l a i . Iheo tjuan d i e m eua n g u o i n h a n xf-l. la N ( ' S da
n g h i e n c ihi ehi liel dae d i e m dia hoa l i a m Ifeh d.iy \'a (l;ie d i e m (ha ho;i mi>i
truo'ng nucVe cua he d a m ph;i T a m <^''iang - Can Mai.

D a y e u i i " la n h i h i g

( l o n g g('>p ena c o n g l i l n h nay \'ao vice n g h i e n euu e;ie d i c u k i c n In nhi<'n ( iia
he drim pha ven b i e n V i c l N a m . D.ie d i e m dia hoii d n o t
tren t a c k h i a e a n h : 60 LI 1, L h va e;ie dan».' b e ' , Le

N C S l u d i i f n ( fm

, Mn

. ham

hrong

vSO,,' , e.'iebon hfiu e o , eac" ehal d i n h d u o n g N . L \ a c:\c k i m lo.ii n;ni<.'
d a y , b a n g e;ie kel (|ii;i n g h i e n efru eua m h i h , la(^ r i a da X.H d i n l i duolu'ong d(">n;:. Ii i i n g b i n h iMHig l i a m (ieh 6Ay
b,5*)H. I 0

()

bam

cna Io;ni b d he (';im phi'i la

'/' va so *;anh b.'nn liio'ng d ^ n ^ \(Y\ \\r\\

c ImAn m o i 11 IK a .-• I i . i m l i c h

eua ( "anatia c h o lli.U" h a m l u o n g doii'.' I r u n g b n i h 11 o n j : 10,111 b' ^ b
v u o l n u i e uicvi ban (> n h i c m \ u a ; b a m l u o n g d o i m o ( a n l l a i \ a

d.'im pi 1:1

L i m C,ianr.


da v u o l nure A n h i A m n a n g , t r o n g d o dac b i e l a d A m CAu l l a i gAji hai Ian
gii'ti ban A n b i e m n a n g . D A y la n h u n g sA lieu d a n g cpiy ma lac gia luan an
da Ifnh l o a n d i r o c . D o i v o i dia boa m o i l i n ' o n g niKVc. lac gi,» d.> i h i i d u o e he

t h o n g so lieu kha d A n g bA IrAn L S 9 0 v i trf k h a o s a l , 1 1.340 k d c|ua d o dae
true l i e p eae c h i l i e u m A i trUong e u n g v o i h a n g t r a m m a n ph.m l i c h . D o la
n h u n g lai licMi n g u y e n t h u y rA'l i l a n g dirac IrAn I r o n g ma N C S da l i n e l i e p
khao s a l , I h a m gia llnrc h i e n I r o n g cac dir an h o p lac (^uoe le Viet - Phap.
T i r nhfrng n g u o n lai lien 66. lac gia da e b o n he I h o n g c i e ehi lieu h o p ly de
nghiAn euu dia hoa m A i t r i r a n g niKie eua he dAm |iha. V i c e |ibal h i e n ra h i e n
h r o n g phan tang ngUoc vA n h i e l 66 6 phfa TAy N a m d a m (/an l l a i t ua N(^S
c f m g la m o i phal h i e n ly t h u , cAn l i e p tuc d u o e n g h i A n e u u . T a c

gia ci)n}\

da

cA'gAng gi;ii I b i e h n g u y A n nhAn phAn lAng ngUoe ve d o m a n t na he d a m pha
T a m ( J i a n g - C\Au l l a i . D A y la h i e n l i r o n g da chiov mot so nba n g h i e n ( l i n
nhAc l a i ( N g u y e n C h u H o i , TrAn D u e T h a n h va n.n.k, I 9 9 S ) .
rAng: " H i e n t u o n g phAn Ifing n g n a e phu i h u o e vao n h i e n

\.\c gi;"i eho

\( n t o . nbu'ng

I r o n g 66 yen lA l i a o dAi niKve cjua eua T i r M i e n , eua T h i i a n A n . dia h i n h ( na
drim T h u y T f i (doan Ma T i u n g ) , dae d i e m d o n g cb;'iv t r o n g pb;i... la n h u n g
yell to (|n\'el d i n h " ( t i a n g 9 5 ) . D i e u ly g i a i 66^ c <>
' tc la h o p ly.
N h i r da b i e l , Iran Ifi hit lieh sir n a m 1999 da hit d(')iig m,uih 6c\\
trirang eua he d A m |")ba. LuAn an c I'la N C S LA X u a n
vAn de Ihoi sir n a y , da n g h i e n efru 6\\iic

moi

Lai da c ap nhal d u o e

sir b i e n d o i m t u I r u o n g mr
ciVa b i e n m
m('>i l u o n o

(]uan gifia e.ie e h i l i e u m o i l i U o n g nu"(ie liu"(Ve va sau k h i m o < ac ( na b i c n .
M o i l u o n g (luan nay ehae ehan se anh h i r a n g b i i sir b i c n d o i ( na be * inh
t h a i , lai n g u y A n ibiAn n h i e n va vice k h a i Ihae n g u o n loi cua he d . i m |ih;i.
T o m l a i , luan an eua NCvS LA X u a n T ; i i da l a m s;ing lo d u d e dac d i e m
dia ho;i eua l i a m Ifeh d a y va m o i I n r a n g nU(')C eua he d a m ph;i l a m ( i i a n g Criu Mai. T i e n eo" so* 66, da phAn Ifeh d u o e eae n g u \ ' c n n h . m c o b;m anh
bu'tViig 6c\]

m o i l i U o n g va de xual eae gi;n ph.ip li;io vc m o i t i n o n g , ph.il

trien ben vfrng l i e n c|nan d i e m dia boa. NgUo'i doe d o n g riiib ^M| (|nan d i c i n
cua l;ie gi.'i eho rang vA'n dA b;)o \'e m o i liu'o'ng va phal l i i c n I n

\ u n g ph.'ii

luan Ihu n h u n g c|uy lual kh;ieh c|iian ena lir n h i e n . loi dung, n h u n g (|u\' lual
66 de phuc vu eho \'iee phal l i i c i i ben v f r n g ; k l i o i m n c i i c b o i i ; ' l i . c 6n\

dan

lai n h u n g q u y liial 66. T\\\ vAy, \'oi l i c u 6c ( i i a luan an: "I ).i' d i c n i di;i hf>;i

b a m l i e h \'a \u6\

I r u o n g nuoe eua be d a m ph;i T a m ( i i a i i g

( .MI I I . M

lima


TliiAn HiiA ", miic tieu cua luAn an nen dirac xae dinh mot each ngAn gon l«i
nghiAn efru dac diAm dia hoa trAm tfch day va mAi trirang nuoe cua he dAm
pha gop phAn lam sang to nhfrng hien tirgng tir nhien da va dang xay la a
khu virc. VA'n dA lich sir hinh thanh va phat trien cua he dAm pha la mot vA'n
dA phfrc tap. Nhfrng nAi dung nay d«a dA cAp 6en trong In An an chi la iiAii dia
chAt phuc VII cho viee nghien ciru dia hoa, chira du c a sa thuyAt phuc dA dira
thanh muc tiAu cua luAn an. Han nfrn, vA'n dA lich sir hinh thanh \'a phat tiien
cua dAm pha gAn v6i dac diAm dia hoa chira thiie sir chat ehe va an khop.
LuAn an dA cAp den cac dac diAm dia hoa vai cac ket qua phAn tfeh ehfnh
xac (icn phAn tram, phfin nghln. VI vAy, van dA dat ra la do tin cay cua cac
kef qua phAn tfch nay. Trong luan an cfin chi ro dia chi phAn Ifeh mAu.
Nhln chimg IiiAn an cua NCS LA XuAn Tai eo noi dung kha [ihong
phu vA dia hoa trAm tfch day va mAi frirang lurae eua he dAm pha Tam
Giang - CAu Hai. CAu true cua luAn an hgp ly. Tuy vay, dA cAn doi cac
chirtrng Irong luAn an, co thA' ghep chirang 1 vai chiKrng II. Luan an duoe in
An dep, hinh ve, biAu bang, anh chiip dirge trinh bay lAt cAn than. NAi dung
cua luAn an dirge NCS cAng bA trAn 3 bai bao dang a Ta|i ehf e:»e Khoa hoc
vA Trai dA'f va Tap chf Dia chAt - nhfrng Tap ehf co uy tfn Ion liong nganh,
trong mrac va ngoai nirac. Ngoai ra, tac gia eon cAng bo 2 bai bao tren
fhAng lin khoa hoc vh Tap chf Dai hoc Hue, Iham gia 01 bao cao lai Moi
Ihao Hoa DiiAn thang 4/2001. Cac cAng bo tren co y iighTa khoa hoe va Ihue

tiAn, gop phAn vao viec nghiAn cim mAi triiang cua he dfim pha Tam Giang Ck\ Hai.
Tom lai, luAn an cua NCS Le XuAn Tai la mot luAn an eo chat hrgng
tot. dap frng yAu cau doi vai mot luan an Tien sT dia ehal ca ve noi dung Ian
hinh Ihfrc Iheo dieu 20 Quy ehe dao tao sau Dcai hoe cua Bo Giao due \a
Dao tao. Tac gia luan an xfrng dang nhAn hoc vj nay.
Ran torn lAI luan an phan anh trung thanh noi dung cua luan an.

Tiui(iN(;DAi nor

MO DIA CHAT

/•/a NCn. n^ay 20 th<iui> S nam
NtJUdi VIET NllAN XK I

Xac nhan chft ky hen
cua GS, rSKlL

Dang Van Beit -

can ho gUTU^^r

cua

Tna/ng
(iS.rSKH

/1

\.,4ii^r ^

^ / • ^ / r < - ' M - : i*i''^ UG
•p

•:

^

y/r.'//y:

Dnno Van Hnf

200'^


NHAN XET
BAN THAO LUAN AN TIEN SY

De tai: Dac diem dja hoa tram ticli va moi truang nuoc ciia he dam pha
Taiii Giang-Cau Hai, Thua Thien - Hue
ChuyAn nganh: Thach hoc-Khoang hoc-Trfim tfeh hoc
Ma so: 1-06-03
Cua NghiAn euu sinh LA Xuan Tai

1. De ii\\ luan an va ma so chuyen nganh
Nirae la, vai chiAu dai ba bicn gAn 3 000 km co rA't nliiAu dAm pha vai ipii
mo va diAn tfch rAt khac nhau. He dAm pha Tam Giang-CAu llai la mot trong
nhfrng hA dam pha co dicn tfch Ian nliA't (gAn 220 km2) va la lagun diAn hinh
Irong hA ihAng lagun ven bet cna ViAt Nam. Vai hA sinh thai dAm pha rAt dac
Irirng, gAn liAii vai mot cong dong dAn cir dong due cua gAn 300 lang thuAc
eae luiycn Qiu'uig DiAn, Ihrcrng Tra, Phfi Vang, Phfi Loc, be dfim pha 'lam

Giang —CAu Hai dong mot vai fro khAng nho trong qua Irinh phal IriAn kinb
lA — xa hoi chTic chan khong phai chi liAng doi vai Thira IbiAn-HuA.
Nghien ciru he dfim pha trong moi tirang tac da dang va plifie tap gifra bicn
va lue dja la van dA rA't ly thii vA mat khoa hoc, dong thai co y nghia Ihiel
thire trong vice khai thac va sir diing hgp ly tai nguyAn thien nhiAn va bao ve
moi tiuang. VI vAy co the noi de tai da ebon dung hirang, vira c6) y nglna
khoa hoc va Ihili cap thiet Irong thire tiAn eiia chuyAn nganh ihaeh hockhoang hoe va tram Ifeh hoe vira mang tfnh xa hoi-nhan \'an vira mang Ifnh
irng dung cao Irong bao vc moi trirang va phat trien ben vung. DA lai luan an
phu hgp vai ma so cua chuyen nganh.
2. Van de Iriing lap ciia de lai luan an, ket qua nghien euu va ket luan
( h o den nay da eo mot so cong trinh khoa hoc nghien efru vc he dfim pha
lam (Jiang (Tin Mai, ke ea mot so cong trinh hgp \nc v6i\ nirac ng(^ai nhu: Vo
Van Dal va luik, 1982; Nguyen Mfm Cir, 1993; 1996; NguyAn Dfre
C\rc^NguyAn Ihi PluK^ng Hoa, 199."), NguyAn Chu Moi va nnk, 1996; NguyAn
Van Hgp, 1999, va dir an nghiAn ciru dfim pha Viet —Phap v.v.. Tuy nhiAn
nhfrng nghien eirii vA eae cpia trinh dia ehal, dia hoa liAni Ifch day ba\ \'A dia


boa mAi tnrang nirac cua he d^m pha nay thl con ft va chira sau. De tai hum
an vai nhfrng muc liAu cu thA nhir (i) lAp lai lich su b l n h thanh cua he drim
pha,(ii) xac lAp dac diAm trAm tfch cua he dfim pha va ( i i i ) xac lap dae diem
dia hoa moi Inrang nuac cua he dAm pha trong su chi phoi ciia cac dicu kien
lir nhiAn, la mot hirArng di mori, cu the b a n , sAu ban vA mat dia chat kel hgp
nhuAn nhuvAn vai nhfrng nghiAn curu vA m o i truofng vl vAy k h o n g t i l i n g laj^
vai cac cong Irlnh da dirge cAng bo t i j truac den nay.

3. D o n g gop eiia l u a n an c h o ITnh vire k h o a hoc c h u y e n n g a n h
LuAn an gom 6 clurang, phAn m a dAu va ket luan, trong do nAi dung ehfnh
dirge Irlnh bay a clurang 3, clurang 4 , chirang 5 va chirofng 6.
VA dia boa tiAm ifch day cua he dAm pha Tam Giang-Cfiu H a i : lac gia da dA

cAp (lA'n dAy du cac yen to ca ly, thanh phfin khoang vat, dac diem dia boa,
thanh phAn hfru ca va cac chA't dinh dirang cua lap IrAm tfch hiAn dai Irong he
dAm phfi de cpia (h) eo dirge nhfrng nhan dinh vA ngiion eiing cap vai lien
IrAm Ifeh efing nhir xae dinh dirge diAu kiAti m o i Inrang cung nhu moi liAn
(|uan gifra IrAm Ifeh va sir phAn bA' cna he dong thire vAt day. Day ha mot
trong nhung kcl c|ua c]iian trong ci'ia liian an, gop phfin vao vice nghiAn efm
dia chAt moi Inrang he dfim pha noi cluing va dfim pha T a m (Liiang — CAu
hai noi riAng.
Dia hoa moi tnrang nirac cua hA dAm pha, vai cac chi liAu nghien eiin g o m
nhiAt do, dA man, do due, cac chi so sinh hoa, chat d i n h dirang va eae
nguyAn to k i m loai nang, dirge danh gia kha chi tict. Dac biet vai kel cpia
nghiAn efru sir bien d o i m o i tnrang nirac, su bien d o n g cua he sinh thai a he
dfim pha do cac cira bien m a i m a sau Iran lut lich sir thang 1 1 nam 1999, la
mot (long gop cua nhung ngiiai lam cong tac khoa hoc cho cac nha hoaeh
dinh ehfnh sach a dia phuang trong cong viec bao ve m o i t n r a n g , bao ve va
din gifr lai nguyAn ihiAn nhiAn a khu vuc nay.
LuAn an dirge xAy d u n g trAn c a sa mot kho'i lirgng lai lieu kha Ian trong
khiiAn kho hop lac nghien efru he dfim pha vai Cong Moa Phap. V a i nhfuig
kAl (|na da dai dirge vA dac diem dia hoa m o i tnrang tram tfch day, la m o i
Inrang kluV yen, co chA do d i n h dirang kha cao va gfin nhir chira co bicn hien
A nhicm k i m loai nang, ngoai Irir nguyen to d o n g , cfmg n h u nhfrng ket qn;i
trong nghien efru eae yen to thuy dia boa moi tnrang cua he dfim pha trong
moi lirirng tac gifra hai nguon nirac bicn va nirae ngot, gifra bien \ a da'l liAn,
va ket qua vA hicn trang m o i tnrang nirae a dAy la nhfrng thanh luii dfiu l i e n ,
kha ehi tict vA Hnli vire nay, gop phfin lam sang to qui lual bien doi eua moi


Inrang mrac theo k h o n g gian va thai gian. Qua nhfrng kel qua quan tnlc eua
minh tac gia ci1ng da nhAn tliAy rAng: nha co cac ct^ra biAn m a i dirge m a ra,
hrgng mrac biAn vao dAm pha tang len, do vAy tao plui du trong loan he dfim

pha fang lAn, d o n g vat phi:i du tang lAn, dong vAt day phat IriAn ca vA thanh
phAn loai va mAt do. DAy la nhung ket qua rat dang ghi nhAn, se gop phfin t i g
gifip cho nhfrng chuang t r i n h , d u an dfiu t u phat triAn hgp ly m o i tnrang dfim
pha ven biAn noi chung va dAm pha Tam Giang — CAu Hai noi riAng, gop
phAn sir d i m g hgp ly va bao vA hA sinh thai cua dAm pha, bao vc m o i
tnrang.
Vice Xck lap lich sir l i l n h thanh he dam pha T a m Giang-Cfiu Hai gfm liAn vai
lieh sir hinh thanh cua dong bAng TliiJa TliiAn -Hue g o m 3 giai doan tir
PIcistocen thugiig den bet Holocen cfmg la mot trong n h u n g ket qua m a i va
CO y ngliTa cua luan an. VA ITnh virc nay cho den nay chi m a i co nhfrng cong
bo cua NguyAn Hfru Cir trAn c a sa nhung nghiAn ciru vA F o r a m i n i f c i a a dfim
(Yin l l a i .
ViAc manh dan dua ra nhfuig quan d i e m , nhfrng giai phap vA van dA khai
Ihac, sir dung hgp ly lai nguyAn va m o i tnrang a he dAm pha T a m Giang-CYiu
l l a i IrAn c a sa nghiAn ciru, danh gia nhfrng nguyAn nhan c a ban anh hir(Vng
dAn mAi Inrang va sau k h i da co nhfrng kA't qua nghiAn efru vA dia chA't, dia
hoa mAi tnrang nirac, mAi tnrang irfim Ifch day he dfim pha cfmg la mot
ihanh cAiig ciia luAn an, du rang m a i ehi dirng lai a nhung dA xiiAl mang tfnh
chuyAn nganh.
4. Ve eae cong t i i n h da c o n g bo
Tac gi;i da cong bo 7 cong trinh trAn cac tap chf chuyAn nganh, trong dc) ec)
2 cAng trinh dang IrAn tap chf Khoa hoc cua Dai hoc I h i e , eon lai la dang
trAn tap chf Cac khoa hoc vA Irai dat va tap chf D i a chat, la nhung lap chf dfiu
nganh eiia ca mrac. NAi dung cac bai bao da phan anh dung n h u n g ket qua
nghien efru ma lac gia da cung cac dAng nghicp lliirc h i c n va Ihu dirge Irong
c|iia Irlnh lam InAn an va tham gia trong dir an nghiAn efru hA dfim pha ViAt-

I^hap.

5. N h u n g n i l d i e m \i\ n h u n g f h i e i i sot ciia l u a n an

LuAn van bo cue chat ehe, co tfnh khoa hoc, van phong mach lac, blnh anh
minh boa ro rang. Cac ket luan dfiy d i i , nAu bat dirge nhfrng kcl (|iKi ehfnh.


Tuy nhiAn vAn con dAi chA co nhfrng lAi in An. Nhung thieu sot IU^y hoan loan
khAng anh hirang dAn noi dung va chA't Iirgng cua luAn an.
Han tom lAt luAn an gAn gon, chat ehe, lam noi bat dugc nhung noi dung
ehfnh cua luAii an.
Tai liAu Iham khao phu hgp va\ noi dung cija luAn an va tirang doi cAp nhAt.
6. Ket luan
LuAn an dap frng dirge vA nAi dung va hinh tlurc cua LuAn an tie'n sy.
f)A nghi eho phcp bao ve tnrac Hoi dAng chA'm luan an cAp nha nirac.

Ha NAi, ngay 26 ihnag 8 nam 2002

Ngirui nhan xet

TSLA71ii Lai
Vien f)ia chat
Trung tAm Khoa hoc 7ir nhiAn va Cong nghe Quoc gia

VJU\]G

PMON(?

OI!/\M I,-) ]'))\0

U(/p

Danh muc cac kv hieu va cac chfr viet ffit

1.

TG-CH

Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai

2.

TTH

ThiJa TliiAn Hue

3.

DO

Oxi hoa tan

4.

COD

Oxi hoa hoc

5.

BOD,

Oxi sinh boa

6.

Ch/c

Carbon hfru ca

7.

Pis

Phot pho long so

8.

Pdt

Phot pho dA Ian

9.

N

Nita


DANH MUC CAC BANG
Bang2T

Ty trong lugng nura cua cac th5i ky so vai lirctng nura nam

Bang 2.2

Lirgng mua nhung nam cao nhat a mot so vung

Bang 2.3

Mot so dgt khong mua va mua Ic^n dac biel

Bang 2.4

Dac trung dong chay (trung binh nhiAu nam) eua cac song do vao
he dAm pha Tam Giang - Cau Hai

Bang 2.5:

Sir phan phoi lugng dong chay theo mua a mot so tram lluigc cac
song a TliiJa TliiAn Hue

Bang 4.1:

Ciic dac trung M d va So cua trfini tfch bgt nho

Bang 4.2:

Ham Iirgng cac khoang vat nang trong Irfim Ifch va Irong phfin
nang

Bang 4.3:

Lirgng bun cat do cac song d6 vao he dAm pha Tam Giang - Cfiu
Hai hang nam

Bang 4.4:

Lirgng bun cat tu cac con bai dua vao he dfim pha lain Giang criu Hai hang nam

Being 4.5

Ham lirgng dong (Cu) trong tram tfch (n x 10"^ %)

Bang 4.6

Cac dac trung ca hoc cua loai phau dicn 1

Being 4.7

Cac dac trung ca hoc cua loai phfiu dicn 2

Bang 4.8

Cac dac trung ca hoc cua loai phAu dien 3

Bang 4.9

Cac dac trung ca hoc cua loai phfiu dicn 4

Bang 4.10

Ciic dac trung ca hoc cua loai phAu dicn 5

Bang 4. I I

Ciie dae trung ca hoc ciia locii phAu dien 6

Bang 4.12

Ciic dac trung ca hoc cua loai phAu dien 7

Being 4.13

p l l Irung blnh ciia Irfim Ifeh

Bang4T4:

So sanh pH eiia trfim tfeh tfing mat a cac dfim pha MiAn Trung

Bang 4.15

Mfim lugng trung blnh (%) ciia Fe va Mn trong trfim Ifeh

Bang 4.16:

So sanh li so Fe'^VFc^'*' trong Irfim tfeh tfing mat a ciie dfun phii
Mien Trung

Bang 4.17:

Hiim lugng S04'^ trung blnh Irong trfim tfeh ciia he dfim phii

Bang 4.18:

Hi'mi lirc^ng C h/c (%) trung binh irong tri'im Ifeii day ena he di'ini
pha Tam Giang - Cau Hai


Bang 4.19: So sanh ham lirgng (%) C h/c trong trfim tfch tfing mal a ciie diim
pha MiAn Trung

Bang 4.20
Bang 4.21
Bang 4.22

Ham lugng phot pho (%) trung blnh a cac dfim phii
Ham lirgng trung blnh cac nguyAn to trong trfim tfch day (%)
Ham lugng kim loai nang (%) trung blnh trong trfim tfch ciia he
dAm pha

Bang 4.23: So sanh ham Iirgng k i m loai nang vfn chi tlAu chat lirgng
moi tnrang trAm tfchcua Canada
Bang 4.24:

Ham lugng (%) trung blnh tAng a cac dfim pha

Bang 5.1:

Do man trung blnh nam va mija cua nucjfc a cac dfim pha ( "/,,(, )
(S(")' lieu diAu tra tu thang 5/1998 den thang 10/1999)

Being 5.2:

Do pH trung blnh nam va mua cua nirfyc a cac dfim pha (So lieu
diAu Ira lirtluing 5/1998 den Ihang 10/1999)

Bang 5.3:

Do due Irung blnh theo mija, nam a cac di1ni plui (mg/1) (So lieu
dieu tra tir thang 5/1998 den thang 10/1999)

Bang 5.4:

DO trung blnh nam va mija ciia nu6c a cac dilni pha (So lieu dien
Ira tu thiing 5/1998 den thang 10/1999)

B;'mg5.5:

Ma trail tirang quan eiia cac yeu to moi Iruong nirc'ie (V he dam
phii Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai (nam 1999)

Bang 5.6:

lli^m lugng trung blnh ciia cac nguyAn to kim loai iiiliig trong
nuac a cac dAm pha (thang 10 - 1999)

Bang 5.7

Bang so sanh do di.ic trung blnh (mg/1) ti^r 1993 den nay

Biing 5.8

Bang 5.9

Biing so siinh pH ciia nuac a cac nam
Biing so Siinh DO ciia nuac tnrac vfi sau ma eira (1999)

Bi'mg5.IO:

Biing so Siinh he so tuctng quan (r^^) gifra efie chi liAii moi truong
lurac tnrac va sau khi ma cac cira biAn nam 1999

Bang 5.1 I:

Ma Iran tuctng quan ciia ciic yen to moi tnrang nirae a he dfim
phii Tam Giang - Ci1u Hai (nam 2000)

Biing 5.1 2: Siui Iirgng khai thac tlui} san a he di1m plui (bm)
Biing 5.13:

Siin Iirgng khai thiie mot so \o'd\ giong (V he (b1m pha lain Giiuig
Cfiu Hai tnrac va sau ma cac eua bicii thiing 1 1 - 1999 (eon/xeo)


DANH MLJCCAC HINH

'

Hinh
Hinh
Hinh
Hinh

Hinh
Hinh

0.1: Vi trf vung nghien curu
0.2: Anh ve tinh chup he diim pha Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai vao ngay 3/7/97
1.1: vS(t do mang luai mat cAt va diem khao sat
3.1: Sa do dia chA't he dAm pha Tam Giang - CAu hai
3.2: Hinh thai va xu the bien dong dong song - ciia song Huang
3.3: BiAu do bien thiAn thanh phfin cat trong tram tfch DA lu a dfing bAng
Thira ThiAn Hue
Hinh 3.4: Lich sir hinh thanh he dfim phii Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai, giai doan I
Hinh 3.5: Lich sir hinh thitnh he dAm pha Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai, giai doan II
Hinh 3-5: Lich sir blnh thfuih he dc1m pha Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai, giai doan III
Hinh 4. la: Bicn thiAn ham lugng ciia dong theo chicu thiing dung
I linh 4.1: Sa do phAn bo tidm Ifch tdng mat a hA dAm phii Tiun Giang - CAu Hai
Hinh 4.2: Sa do phAn bo tiilni Ifch lAng gifra a he dAm pha Tam Giang - Cilii Hai
I linh 4.3: Scr do phAn bo trAm tfeh tfing dirai a he dfim phii Tam Giang - Ci1u I liii
Hinh 4.4: Ham lugng Ch/c trong IrAm tfch aciic dAm pha
fTinh 4.5: Su bien dAi ham lugng Ch/c trong trAm tfch dAm phii qua cac nam
Hinh 4.6: Ham lugng trung blnh ciia mot so nguyAn to iho liiuiig trong tiilm tfch
Hinh 4.7: Hiun Iirgng trung blnh ciia mot so nguyAn to vi lugng trong tn1ni tfch
Hinh 4.8: So sanh ham lugng ciia dong trong trfim tfch tfing mat vai vai liAu
chuiin moi tnrang (cua Canada)
Hinh 4.9: So sanh ham lugng cua dong trong cac tfing trfim tfch vai vai tiAu
chuiln moi trudng (ciia Canada)
Hinh 4.10:BiAu do phAn bo mat do dong vat day a he dfim pha
Hinh 5.2: Hicn lugng phAn tang ihuan Icii diem IV.2, sAu 4m, do ngay 22-4-2000
1 linh 5.3: Hicn tircrng phfui tfing ihuan lai diem Ill.l, sAu L2m, do ngfiy 22-4-2000
I linh 5.4: Hien lugng phAn Ifing Ihuan tai diem IV.2, sAu 4m, do ngay 14-3-2000
lilnh 5.5: Mien lugng phAn tfing ngugc vc nhiet do lai diem XI.3, sAu 2ni, do

ngiiy 17-3-2000
Hinh 5.6: Hicn tirgng phAn tfing ngugc ve do man lai diem VIILl, sAu 3m, do
ngiiy 15-3-2000
lilnh 5.7: Hicn lugng phAn tfing ngugc ve do man Icii diem V11I.2, sau 5,5m,
do ngay 15-3-2000
lilnh 5.8: Do miin Irung blnh a cac dfim pha
I linh 5.9: Bien doi do man theo mat cat doc va theo miia
I linh 5.10:Bicn dAi do man theo thang


Hinh 5T l:Sa do phAn bo do man cija nirdc a he di1m pha Tam Giang - Can
Hai va miia kho hie IriAu cirang
Hinh 5,12:Sa do phAn bo do man cua nirdc a he dfim pha Tam Giang - Ci1u
Hai va mua kho liic Irieu kiel
Hinh 5.13:Sa do phAn bo do man ciia nu6c a he dfim pha Tam Giang - Cilii
Hai va mua mua liic Irieu cirang
Hinh 5.14: Sa do phAn bo do man cua nuac a he dAm pha Tam Giang - Cilu
Hai va miia mua luc triAu kiel
Hinh 5.15: pH Irung blnh a cac dfim pha
Hmh 5.16: Bien doi pH theo mat cAt doc va theo miia
Hinh 5.17: Bicn doi pH theo thang
Hinh 5.18: Do due Irung blnh a cac dAm pha
1 linh 5.19: Bicn doi do due theo mat cAl doc va theo miia
l i l n h 5.20: Bien doi do due theo ihang
I linh 5.21: DO Irung blnh a cac dfim pha
I linh 5.22:Bicn doi DO theo mat cat doc va theo miia
Hinh 5.23: BiAn doi DO Iheo thang
Hinh 5.24: So sanh ham lugng elong Irung blnh trong cac tfing nirae vfyi lieu
eluii'in Vicl Nam (diing cho nuac nuoi trong)
I linh 5.25:So sanh ham lugng trung blnh cua dcMig liong lurac a cac di1m phii vf^i

tiAu chuiln Vicl Nam
Hinh 5.26:F?iAu do lircmg quan gifra do man va DO ciia nuac di1m Cfiu I lai nam 99
Hinh 5.27:Bieu do tuctng quan giiJa do due va DO cua nuac pha Tam Giang nam 99
1 linh 5.28:BiAu do tuong quan gifra do man va pH ciia nu6c pha Tam Giang nilm 99
1 linh 5.29: BiAu do tuang quan giiia do due va pH ciia nuac dfim CAu Hai mini 99
lilnh 5.3():BiAii do tirang quan giua DO va pH ciia nuac dAm Cc1u llai nam
1999 va 2000
Hinh 5.3 I :Bicu 66 [uang quan gifra do man va DO eiia nuac dfim Cfiu Hai
nam 1999 va 2000
I hnh 5.32:Bicu do lircmg quan gifra do man va pH ciia nuac dfim Tliuy Tii nam 1999
I Hnh 5.33:BiAu do tircnig quiin gifra do man va pH ciia nuac dfim l l u i y Tii nam 2()()()
1 linh 5.34:Bicu 66 tuong quan gifra DO va pH ciia nuac dfim Thuy Tii nam 1999
I Hnh 5.35:Bieii 66 luang quan gifra DO vii pH ciia nuoe di1m H u i y Tii nam 2000
ILmh 5.36:Bieii 66) bicn thiAn he so tmnig quan eiia nucV nam 2000
l i l n h 5.37:Bieu 66 so sanh he so tuong cpian gifra 66 man \ i i pH euii niroe iiilm
1999 va 2000


M6DAU
1. Tinh cap thiet cua luan an
HA dclni pha Tam Giang - C^u Hai co dien tich Ian nhAt nir6c la (2 I 6
km^ chiA'm han 4 0 % long dien lich dAm pha), thuAc vao loai Ian IrAn the
giai va la lagun dien hinh trong he thA'ng lagun ven b a Viet Nam. Trong he
dAm pha chUii dung mot nguon tai nguyAn to 16n, hang ngay dang dugc
nhAn dAn Irong vung khai thac de phuc vu db\ song xa hoi va phiit trien
kinb tc quA'c dAn. Da co mAt sA' cAng Irlnh nghiAn efru a hA dfim pha nhung
ehira dAng bg va niUc dA con ft, dac biAt la vi dja chA't, dia hoa tr^m tfch v^i
mAi tnrang nirac hAu nhu dura co. Cac hien tirgng dia chA't, boi xoi gfui lien
voi sir tiAn hoa cua liA d<1ni pha diAn ra thucrng xuyAn va liAn luc da gAy ra
ban (|iiii nghiem trgng vc nhiAu mat doi vai nAn kinb le xa hoi, dai song s;ui

xuA't ciia nhAn dAn cung nhu moi tnrang. Dac biel vao ngay 3 thiing I 11999, trfm Ifi the ky a Thira ThiAn - Hue da bfrc thiing nhung noi xung yeu
nhfil eiia dA cfU chAn ngoai, m a them 3 cua biAn mai, gAy hau qua Ian v^
nhiAu mat dAfi v6\ db\ sA'ng kiidi le xa hoi. Viec dong m a cac cira bien ciia
hA di1m phii l\am Giang - Cfiu Hai la su phat trien lA't yA'u trong qua Irlnh
lien hoa tu nhiAn ciia neV Qua Irinh do ehiu anh hirang bai nhieu yeu tef,
trong 66 moi tuang tac giua cac yeu to trAm tfch, nguon nuac ciia he d;1m
phii vai dai bicn ven ba dong vai tro rA't quan trong. Ket qua ciia sir tuctng
tac do dugc ihA hien klui ro trong cac thanh lao tri1m tfeh vh diii hoii moi
tnrang nuac. Do vay vice nghien euu dia hoa trfim tfch va moi Iruong nuac
lii bet sue ei1n IhiA't, no khong chi co y nghia Ian Irong vice nghiAn efru, khiii
thiie hgp ly doi vc^i ca he thong lagun ven b a ciia nuac ta ma con giiip fell
eho cAng Lie phong ngira, kliAc phuc hau qua va b;io vc nu')i tnrang. Xiiilt
phal lir nhung yAu cfiu ciia khoa hoc va tliuc liAn do, cluing loi chon dA \W\:


" Dae diem dja hoa t r a m tieh va moi truang nuae eua he dam pha T a m
(Jiang - ( f i n H a i , Thira Thien - Hue \
2. Mue dich eua luan an
LuAn an nhAm vao cac miic dfch ca ban sau dAy:
2.1. LAp lai lich sir hinh Ihiuih \a phal trien ciia he di1m pha lam (uiuig
- Cilu hiii cpia do hiAu ro ban vA nhfrng hien tirgng lu nhiAn dil, diing \ii se xily
ra a dAy.
2.2. Xiie lap dac diAm dja hoa Iriuu tfch day, thong qua do sa bg diinh
giii moi Inrang trfim Ifch ciia he dAm pha Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai.
2.3. Xiie lap dac diem dia boa moi Iruang nuac eiia he di1m phii Irong sU
ehi phoi eiia ciic diAu kicn tu nhiAn phuc vu cho cong liic dinh luK'nig kh;u lluie
hgp ly liii nguyAn thiAn nhiAn va bao vc moi truang vii phal trien ben vung.
3. Nhiein vy eiia luan fin
Dc dill duetc muc dfch IrAn, nhicm vu ciia luan an la:
3.1. Phiui tfeh Ccic tfii lieu dja chfil, dia hoa del co ciia klui vire dong biing

Thira Thien - I luc, dac biel la cua cac Ihanh tao Irfim tfch DA T u true liep liAn
qiiiin \'()i he diim pha Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai.
3.2. Tieii hiinh khiio siit thire dia theo mang Iirai ciic diem nghiAn efru phan
bo theo eii khong gian va thai gian, do dac cac chi lieu mo Iruong, mo hi ngoili
Iroi, lily mail theo ciic yAu cilu phan ifch (doi vai man mrac vfi milu liam Ifeh).
},},

Tien hanh phan Ifch va gui mAu phAn ifch dc ihu dugc ciie ehi lieu

Ciui thiet nhir: Tliiuih phfin bat, carbon bifu ca, COD, BOD^, ciie nuio'i dinh
duaim, Ciie luiuvAn to kim loai...
3.4. long hgp, thong kA, xu ly, mo phong, Ifnh loiin.... biing e;ie phiidng
ph{\p khiie nbiiii \a ciic pluln mem Ihfeh hgp phuc \'U eho niue dieh nghien eiin
diii hoii liam lieh \a moi tnrang nirae eua he 6(un phii.


4. f)6i tirgng nghien ciru
Vfyi muc dfch va nhiAm vu da dA ra, doi lugng nghiAn efru ciia luAn an hi:
•

Trfim lich hien dai a day cac dAm pha Tam Giang - Cfiu Hai hien

nay vai chicu sAu nghiAn euu la 1,5m tfnh tii bA mat diiy.
•

Moi trudng nu6c ciia he dfim pha Tam Giang - Cau Hai va su bicii

dAi ciia no theo khong gian va th5i gian.
Ciie doi lugng do dugc dat trong moi tuong Lie giira no ve'ifi cac yeu to
moi inrang tu nhiAn ciia khu vuc nghiAn curu, giira cac yeu to luc dia vai cac

yen to eiia dai bien ven ba... diAn ra gAn liAn vai lich sir lien hoa ciia cluing.
5. V nghia khoa hoc va thirc tien ciia luan an
LuAn iin dil thu dugc mot so diAm mai co y ngliTa trong t]iiii Irlnh nghien
cii'ii he diim pha Tam Giang - CAu Hai la:
1. Xiie lAp lich sir hinh thanh he dAm pha Tam Giang - Cfiu llai gom 3
giai doan xily ra lir PIcistocen mugn deii cudi Holocen.
2. Xiie lAp quy luAl bicn doi ciic chi lieu moi tnrang nuoe Irong sir \{\c
dong long hgp ciia cac yeu to tu nhiAn a khu vuc va buac dfiu danh giii vai tri)
ciiii mot so yeu to do vai moi IrUcyng nuac ciia he dam pha.
3. Phat hien bo sung vii buac dfiu giai thfch ciie hicn lirgng phan li1ng
ngugc vc nhicl do va do man gap Ifin dfiu a cac dfim pha Viet nam.
4. Phat hicn co o nhiAm dong Irong trfim tfch day ciia he diim phii
Tiiin (liiiim - Cfiu Hai.
5. Xiie lap dugc sir bicn dong moi truang nuac eiia he dfim plui
Tam Giiing - Cfiu Hai truac vii sau Iran lu the ky a Thira I h i e n - Hue d;l
ma them 3 eiia biAn mai (Hoa DiiAn, Thai Ducuig Ha, Vinh Hien) \iu)
ngiiy 3 - 1 1 - 1999, ma hau quii \an vA nhieu mat dil lam xon xao 6[{