Fundamentals of robotic mechanical systems robots robotics ( TQL )

Fundamentals of Robotic
Mechanical Systems:
Theory, Methods, and
Algorithms,
Second Edition

Jorge Angeles

Springer
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Mechanical Engineering Series
Frederick F. Ling
Series Editor

Springer
New York
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Mechanical Engineering Series
J. Angeles, Fundamentals of Robotic Mechanical Systems:
Theory, Methods, and Algorithms, 2nd ed.

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G. Chryssolouris, Laser Machining: Theory and Practice
V.N. Constantinescu, Laminar Viscous Flow
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K. Czolczynski, Rotordynamics of Gas-Lubricated Journal Bearing Systems
M.S. Darlow, Balancing of High-Speed Machinery
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Spectral Analysis Using Fast Discrete Fourier Transforms, 2nd ed.
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J. Ida and J.P.A. Bastos, Electromagnetics and Calculations of Fields
M. Kaviany, Principles of Convective Heat Transfer, 2nd ed.
M. Kaviany, Principles of Heat Transfer in Porous Media, 2nd ed.
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(continued after index)

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Mechanical Engineering Series (continued from page ii)
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A.A. Shabana, Theory of Vibration: An Introduction, 2nd ed.
A.A. Shabana, Theory of Vibration: Discrete and Continuous Systems,
2nd ed.

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Jorge Angeles

Fundamentals of Robotic
Mechanical Systems
Theory, Methods, and Algorithms
Second Edition

123
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Jorge Angeles
Department of Mechanical Engineering
and Centre for Intelligent Machines
McGill University
817 Sherbrooke Street
Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada

Series Editor
Frederick F. Ling
Ernest F. Gloyna Regents Chair in Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering
The University of Texas at Austin
Austin, TX 78712-1063, USA
and
William Howard Hart Professor Emeritus
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Aeronautical Engineering and Mechanics
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Angeles, Jorge, 1943–
Fundamentals of robotic mechanical systems : theory, methods, and algorithms / Jorge
Angeles.—2nd ed.
p. cm.—(Mechanical engineering series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-387-95368-X (alk. paper)
1. Robotics. I. Title. II. Mechanical engineering series (Berlin, Germany)
TJ211 .A545 2002
629.8'92—dc21
2001054911
ISBN 0-387-95368-X

Printed on acid-free paper.

© 2003 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written
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10010, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software,
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The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they
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subject to proprietary rights.
Printed in the United States of America.
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SPIN 10853235

Typesetting: Pages created by the author using a Springer TeX macro package.
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A member of BertelsmannSpringer Science+Business Media GmbH
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To Anne-Marie, who has given me

not only her love, but also her precious time,
without which this book would not have been possible.

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Mechanical Engineering Series
Frederick F. Ling
Series Editor

Advisory Board
Applied Mechanics

F.A. Leckie
University of California,
Santa Barbara

Biomechanics

V.C. Mow
Columbia University

Computational Mechanics

H.T. Yang
University of California,
Santa Barbara

Dynamical Systems and Control

K.M. Marshek
University of Texas, Austin

Energetics

J.R. Welty
University of Oregon, Eugene

Mechanics of Materials

I. Finnie
University of California, Berkeley

Processing

K.K. Wang
Cornell University

Production Systems

G.-A. Klutke
Texas A&M University

Thermal Science

A.E. Bergles
Rensselaer Polyechnic Institute

Tribology

W.O. Winer
Georgia Institute of Technology

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Series Preface

Mechanical engineering, an engineering discipline borne of the needs of the
industrial revolution, is once again asked to do its substantial share in the
call for industrial renewal. The general call is urgent as we face profound issues of productivity and competitiveness that require engineering solutions,
among others. The Mechanical Engineering Series features graduate texts
and research monographs intended to address the need for information in
contemporary areas of mechanical engineering.
The series is conceived as a comprehensive one that covers a broad range
of concentrations important to mechanical engineering graduate education
and research. We are fortunate to have a distinguished roster of consulting editors on the advisory board, each an expert in one of the areas of
concentration. The names of the consulting editors are listed on the facing
page of this volume. The areas of concentration are: applied mechanics;
biomechanics; computational mechanics; dynamic systems and control; energetics; mechanics of materials; processing; production systems; thermal
science; and tribology.
Austin, Texas

Frederick F. Ling

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Preface to the Second Edition

The theory, methods and algorithms behind the development of robotic
mechanical systems continue developing at a rate faster than they can be
recorded. The second edition of Fundamentals of Robotic Mechanical Systems does not claim a comprehensive account of developments up-to-date.
Nevertheless, an attempt has been made to update the most impacting
developments in these activities. Since the appearance of the first edition,
many milestones can be cited. Advances in a host of applications areas can
be mentioned, e.g., laparoscopy, haptics, and manufacturing, to mention a
representative sample.
Perhaps the most impressive achievements to be cited lie in the realm of
space exploration. Indeed, in the period of interest we have seen the successful landing of the Sojourner on Mars, with the wheeled robot Pathfinder
roaming on the Martian landscape in 1997. Along the same lines, the infrastructure of the International Space Station was set in orbit in 2000,
with the installation of Canadarm2, the successor of Canadarm, following
suit in 2001. Not less impressive are the achievements recorded on the theoretical side of the areas of interest, although these have received much less
media attention. To cite just one such accomplishment, one open question
mentioned in the first edition was definitely closed in 1998 with a paper presented at the International Workshop on Advances in Robot Kinematics.
This question pertains to the 40th-degree polynomial derived by Husty—
as reported in 1996 in a paper in Mechanism and Machine Theory—and
allowing the computation of all forward-kinematics solutions of a general
Stewart-Gough platform. Dietmaier reported an algorithm in that workshop that is capable of generating a set of geometric parameters of the

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