Tribology and dynamics of engine and powertrain fundamentals, applications and future trends ( TQL )

i

Tribology and dynamics of engine and powertrain

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010


ii

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iii

Tribology and

dynamics of
engine and
powertrain
Fundamentals, applications and
future trends
Edited by
Homer Rahnejat

Oxford   Cambridge   Philadelphia    New Delhi

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010


iv
Published by Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington Hall, Granta Park, Great Abington,
Cambridge CB21 6AH, UK
www.woodheadpublishing.com
Woodhead Publishing, 525 South 4th Street #241, Philadelphia, PA 19147, USA
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First published 2010, Woodhead Publishing Limited
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010
The authors have asserted their moral rights.
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Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. Reasonable efforts
have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors and the publisher
cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials. Neither the authors nor the
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Typeset by Replika Press Pvt Ltd, India
Printed by TJI Digital, Padstow, Cornwall, UK

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010


v

Contents

Contributor contact details

xix

Preface

xxv

Foreword
D. Dowson

Introduction
R. Parry Jones

xxvii

xxix

Part I Introduction to dynamics and tribology within
the multi-physics environment
1

An introduction to multi-physics multi-scale approach



H. Rahnejat, Loughborough University, UK

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9

Introduction
Newtonian mechanics
Lagrange’s equation and reduced configuration space
Multi-body mechanical systems
Engine as a multi-body system
Elasto-multi-body dynamics analysis
References and further reading
Nomenclature
Appendix: multi-physics analysis for investigation of
manual transmission gear rattle – drive/creep rattle

3
3
6
9
12
20
22
26
28
29

Section I.I Fundamentals of tribology and dynamics
Mechanisms and laws of friction and wear

41



D. Arnell, University of Central Lancashire, UK

2.1

Introduction

41

2

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010


vi

Contents

2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

The nature of engineering surfaces
Surface topography and contact
The contact of rough surfaces
Friction
Wear
Future trends
Sources of further information and advice
References

41
42
48
50
60
71
71
72

3

Surface phenomena in thin-film tribology

73



P. Prokopovich and H. Rahnejat, Loughborough University, UK
and M. Teodorescu, Cranfield University, UK

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5

Introduction
A question of wetness
Meniscus action: surface tension
Contact angle of liquids
Estimation of interfacial tension between a liquid and a
solid
Adhesion of rough surfaces
Intermolecular interactions and near-surface effects
van der Waals forces
Other near-surface effects
Conclusion
References
Nomenclature

81
84
92
93
99
100
100
103

4

Fundamentals of impact dynamics of semi-infinite
and layered solids

105



M. Teodorescu, Cranfield University, UK; V. Votsios, Atos, Spain;
P. M. Johns-Rahnejat, (formerly) Imperial College London, UK
and H. Rahnejat, Loughborough University, UK

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8

Introduction
Basic aspects of contact mechanics for elastic solids
Hertzian theory
Analytical treatment of contact mechanics of layered solids
Impact dynamics
Contact mechanics based on action of deformation potential
References
Nomenclature

105
107
111
114
116
123
129
130

5

Fluid film lubrication

132



R. Gohar, Imperial College London, UK and M. M. A. Safa,
Kingston University, UK

5.1

Lubricant properties

3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11

3.12

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010

73
75
77
79

132


Contents

5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9

vii

Reynolds equation
The energy equation
The Navier–Stokes equations
Free surface behaviour of lubricant films
Externally pressurised (EP) gas journal bearings

Approximate design of oil thrust bearings
Thermal design of finite length bearings
Review of some unusual and recent applications of fluid
film lubrication
References
Appendix: Design coefficients for plane thrust bearing pairs

167
168
170

6

Elastohydrodynamic lubrication

171



F. Sadeghi, Purdue University, USA

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4

Introduction
Conformal and non-conformal contacts
Regimes of lubrication
Elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) minimum film

thickness equations
Experimental film thickness and corroboration with
analytical results
Thermal effects in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL)
contacts
Non-Newtonian fluid model
Boundary lubrication
Mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL)
Surface roughness
Contact and internal stress
Application of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL)
theory to machine components
References and further reading
Nomenclature

5.10
5.11

6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
7

7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6

Measurement of contact pressure under
elastohydrodynamic lubrication conditions

137
148
151
153
154
157
162

171
175
176
177
182
183
184
185
185
191
192

201
213
220
222

R. Gohar, Imperial College London, UK and M. M. A. Safa,
Kingston University, UK

Introduction
Gauge manufacturing process
Applications using pressure gauges
Alternative methods of measuring contact pressure
Conclusions
References

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010

222
223
227
241
244
245


viii

Contents

Part II Engine and powertrain technologies and applications

Section II.I Overview
8

Tribological considerations in internal combustion
engines



D. R. Adams, Ford Dagenham Development Centre, UK

8.1
8.2

Introduction
Issues of cost, competition, and reliability in internal
combustion (IC) engine tribology
Drivers for tribological design and innovation
A systems view of the piston/ring/cylinder bore interface
The development process in internal combustion (IC)
engines
The piston in internal combustion (IC) engines
Piston rings in internal combustion (IC) engines
The cylinder bore surface
Design validation of internal combustion (IC) engines
Future trends
References

8.3
8.4
8.5

8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11
9

Predictive methods for tribological performance in
internal combustion engines



I. McLuckie, AIES Ltd, UK

9.1
9.2
9.3

Introduction
Integrated knowledge-based tribology systems
Application of integrated knowledge-based systems (IKBS)
and elastohydrodynamics (EHD) to a race engine crank pin
Application of integrated knowledge-based systems (IKBS)
and right-hand drive (RHD) to piston and liner
Application of integrated knowledge-based systems (IKBS)
and right-hand drive (RHD) to turbocharger bearings
Engine friction: building a better understanding
Conclusions
Acknowledgements

References

9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9

251
251
253
254
255
258
264
270
274
279
281
282
284
284
285
289
302
313
331
337
339

339

Section II.II Tribology of piston systems
10

Fundamentals of lubrication and friction of piston ring
contact



V. D’Agostino and A. Senatore, University of Salerno, Italy

10.1

Introduction

343
343

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010


Contents

10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5

ix

Piston ring: history and basics
Piston rings classification
Lubrication models
A brief analysis of the main assumptions on the boundary
conditions
Simplified two-dimensional Reynolds equation for oil ring
The contact between the asperities: mixed-lubrication
regime
The multi-physics approach to ring friction
Ring flutter and collapse
Bore distortion in lubrication models
Laser-textured surfaces
Warm-up effect
Future trends
References and further reading
Notation

361
371
378
380
380
381
381
382
385

11

Measurement techniques for piston-ring tribology

387



I. Sherrington, University of Central Lancashire, UK

10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.10
10.11
10.12
10.13
10.14
10.15

11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7

Introduction
Measurement of lubricating film thickness
Measurement of piston-ring friction

Measurement of piston-ring movement
Measurement of piston-ring wear
Measurement of ring zone temperature
Observation and measurement of lubricant movement and
consumption
11.8 Future trends
11.9 Sources of further information
11.10 References
12

An ultrasonic approach for the measurement of oil
films in the piston zone



R. S. Dwyer-Joyce, University of Sheffield, UK

12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8
12.9

Introduction
Ultrasonic measurement of oil film thickness
Ultrasonic measurement equipment

Case study: measurement from a piston skirt
Case study: piston rings in a test bench
Overview
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References and further reading
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010

344
347
350
356
359

387
392
401
407
409
411
413
417
421
422
426
426
429
433
437
445

452
454
455
455


x

Contents

13

Surface texturing for in-cylinder friction reduction



I. Etsion, Technion, Israel

13.1
13.2

Introduction
Laser surface texturing (LST) for friction reduction in
engines
Summary
References

13.3
13.4
14

Optimised textured surfaces with application in
piston ring/cylinder liner contact



R. Rahmani, Loughborough University, UK and A. Shirvani and
H. Shirvani, Anglia Ruskin University, UK

14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5

Introduction
Surface texturing
Application of surface texturing in tribology
Surface texturing methods
The mechanisms behind tribological improvements
through surface texturing
Debates surrounding surface texturing
Surface texturing technology and internal combustion
(IC) engines
The basic equations of tribology
Modelling of the textured surfaces
Solution methods
Optimisation of textured surfaces
Application of the optimum results in the piston
ring/cylinder liner contacts

Conclusions
References
Nomenclature

14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
14.10
14.11
14.12
14.13
14.14
14.15
15

Transient thermo-elastohydrodynamics of rough
piston ring conjunction



P.C. Mishra, H. Rahnejat and P. King, Loughborough University, UK

15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6
15.7

15.8
15.9

Introduction
A brief review
Compression ring cylinder liner conformability
Tribology of ring–bore conjunction
Results and discussion
Future trends
Acknowledgements
References
Nomenclature
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010

458
458
461
467
467
470
470
472
473
474
476
478
481
482
485
490

493
504
508
509
514
518
518
521
524
526
532
538
539
539
540


Contents

xi

Section II.III Valve train systems
16

Tribological issues in cam–tappet contacts



M. Kushwahu, Ford Motor Company, UK

545

16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.8

Introduction
The cam geometric profile
Lubrication analysis of the cam and tappet conjunction
The solution procedure
Simulation conditions
Results
Conclusion
References

545
546
548
556
558
558
563
565

17

A multi-scale approach to analysis of valve train
systems

567



M. Teodorescu, Cranfield University, UK

17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
17.9
17.10
17.11

Background
Aspects of valve train geometry and construction
Valve train as an integrated problem
Valve train kinematics: cam-to-flat follower contact
Valve train dynamics
Valve lift and cam profile
Cam–tappet tribology: lubricant reaction
Tribology of rough surfaces

Applications
References
Nomenclature

567
569
571
573
574
576
578
581
583
585
586

Section II.IV Engine bearings
18

Fundamentals of hydrodynamic journal bearings: an
analytical approach



S. Balakrishnan, Mercedes Benz High Performance Engines, UK;
C. McMinn, Ford Motor Company, UK and C. E. Baker and
H. Rahnejat, Loughborough University, UK

18.1
18.2

18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7

Introduction
Bearing geometry
Simple analytical solutions for journal bearings
Simple bearing selection
Determination of bearing loads
Thin shell or soft overlay bearings
Thermo-hydrodynamics

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010

591

591
592
593
595
597
602
608


xii

Contents

18.8
18.9
18.10
18.11

Tribological conditions
Concluding remarks
References
Nomenclature

610
612
613
613

19

Practical tribological issues in big-end bearings

615



S. Boedo, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA

19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4

19.5
19.6
19.7

Introduction
Bearing duty for big-end bearings
Geometry of big-end bearings
Cyclic minimum film thickness
Oil flow in big-end bearings
Power loss in big-end bearings
Sample application of design charts: four-stroke
automotive engine
19.8 Experimental results pertaining to big-end bearings
19.9 Future trends
19.10 References
19.11 Principal nomenclature

615
616
619
620
624
626

20

Tribology of big-end bearings

635

P.C. Mishra and H. Rahnejat, Loughborough University, UK

20.1
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9
20.10
20.11

Introduction
Brief review of the literature
Bearing geometry
Lubricant rheology
Bearing load
Method of solution
A case study
Effect of surface roughness and pattern
Tribological problems in big-end bearing
References
Nomenclature

627
628

630
631
633

635
636
638
639
645
646
648
650
652
657
658

Section II.V Drivetrain systems
21

An introduction to noise and vibration issues in the
automotive drivetrain and the role of tribology



M. Menday, Loughborough University, UK

21.1

Introduction to drivetrain noise, vibration, harshness
(NVH)

The application of multibody dynamics (MBD) analysis

21.2

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010

663

663
664


Contents

21.3
21.4
21.5
21.6
21.7
21.8
21.9
21.10
21.11

Noise, vibration, harshness (NVH) characteristics
Summary of tribological contacts
Airborne and structure-borne noise
Noise and vibration paths from the driveline into the body
Signal analysis
Examples of high-energy impacts in the drivetrain

Shuffle
Whoop (clutch in-cycle vibration)
Summary of drivetrain noise, vibration, harshness (NVH)
issues
21.12 Future trends
21.13 References
22

Friction lining characteristics and the clutch take-up
judder phenomenon with manual transmission



M. Menday and H. Rahnejat, Loughborough University, UK

22.1
22.2
22.3
22.4
22.5
22.6

Introduction
Background
Description of clutch take-up judder
Judder and shuffle
Multi-body dynamics analysis of judder
Results and discussion of numerical findings of
multi-body dynamics analysis of judder
22.7 Vehicle studies and design of experiments for

multi-body dynamics analysis of judder
22.8 Overall conclusions of multi-body dynamics analysis of
judder
22.9 Considerations for judder elimination/resolution
22.10 Future trends
22.11 References
22.12 Nomenclature
23

Contact mechanics of tyre–road interactions and its
role in vehicle shuffle



G. Mavros, Loughborough University, UK

23.1
23.2
23.3
23.4
23.5
23.6
23.7
23.8

Introduction
Shuffle as a drivetrain error state
Basic model of vehicular driveline
Results of driveline simulation
Tyre modelling for shuffle analysis

Steady state tyre modelling
A brush-type model for shuffle analysis
Relationship between the brush model and the magic
formula
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010

xiii

665
666
667
667
668
668
676
676
678
678
678
680
680
680
681
683
684
692
696
697
700
701

701
702
703
703
704
706
711
714
715
716
721


xiv

Contents

23.9 Transient tyre response: a first approach
23.10 Further tyre modelling possibilities
23.11 Case study: the influence of transient tyre behaviour on
shuffle
23.12 References
23.13 Notation

728
731
733

24

Tribology of differentials and traction control devices

735



S. K. Mohan, Magna Powertrain, USA

24.1
24.2
24.3
24.4
24.5
24.6

Introduction
Vehicle drivetrain architecture
The basics of vehicle propulsion and dynamics
The need for differentials and slip control devices
Types of slip control device
Advantages of electronically controllable ‘active’ slip
control devices
Tribological considerations in the design and development
of slip control devices
Modelling and simulation of traction control devices
Future trends
Sources of further information and advice
Acknowledgements
References
Notation

24.7
24.8
24.9
24.10
24.11
24.12
24.13
25

Non-linear dynamics of gear meshing and
vibro-impact phenomenon



S. Natsiavas and D. Giagopoulos, Aristotle University, Greece

25.1
25.2

Introduction
Mechanical model and equations of motion of example
gear pair
Typical numerical results from mechanical model and
equations of motion of example gear pair
Future trends
Conclusions
References
Nomenclature

25.3
25.4
25.5
25.6
25.7
26

Rattle and clatter noise in powertrains – automotive
transmissions



S. N. DoĞan, Daimler AG, USA

26.1
26.2

Introduction
Significant noises in automotive transmissions
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010

722
726

735
736
738
744
747
758

759
764
767
768
770
770
772
773
773
775
779
787
788
789
791
793
793
794


Contents

26.3
26.4
26.5
26.6
26.7
26.8
26.9
26.10

26.11
26.12
26.13
26.14
26.15

Investigation strategy for rattling and clattering noises in
automotive transmissions
Automotive transmission lubricants
Peripheral instruments for measuring drag torque
Automotive transmissions investigated
Automotive transmission lubricants studied
Automotive transmission measurement results
Parameter studies for rattle and clatter noises in
automotive transmissions
Correlation of measurement and calculation results in
automotive transmissions
Noise reduction measures in automotive transmissions
Engineering design catalogue for low rattle and clatter
automotive transmissions
Conclusions
References
Nomenclature

27

Various forms of transmission rattle in automotive
powertrains

P. Kelly, Ford Werke GmbH, Germany and M. Menday,
Loughborough University, UK

27.1

Introduction: history of powertrain torsional vibration
issues
27.2 Noises in the powertrain
27.3 Definition of rattle phenomenon in automotive
powertrains
27.4 System dynamics of automotive powertrains
27.5 Types of rattle and their causes within automotive
powertrains
27.6 Traditional rattle palliations in automotive powertrains
27.7 Experimentation and evaluation method of rattle
sensitivity in automotive powertrains
27.8 Simulation of rattle phenomenon in automotive
powertrains
27.9 Future trends
27.10 References
28

Dual mass flywheel as a means of attenuating rattle



P. Kelly, Ford Werke GmbH, Germany and B. Pennec,
R. Seebacher, B. Tlatlik and M. Mueller, LuK GmbH &
Co. oHG, Germany

28.1

Basic dual mass flywheel (DMF)

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010

xv

800
806
811
813
814
814
820
824
828
830
831
836
836
839

839
840
841
845
846
848

852
853
853
855
857

857


xvi

Contents

28.2

Dual mass flywheel (DMF) interactions at different
operating points
Dual mass flywheel (DMF) interactions with engine
environment
Future trends
Consequences on damper development
References

867
872
875
877

29

Multi-physics approach for analysis of transmission
rattle

878



S. Theodossiades, O. Tangasawi and H. Rahnejat, Loughborough
University, UK

29.1
29.2
29.3
29.4

Introduction
Theoretical formulation for analysis of transmission rattle
Experimental set-up for analysis of transmission rattle
Parametric studies for analysis of transmission rattle:
discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Nomenclature

28.3
28.4
28.5
28.6

29.5
29.6
29.7
29.8

861

878
880
886
887
906
908
909
910

30

High-energy impact-induced phenomena in driveline
clonk



M. Gnanakumarr, Loughborough University, UK

30.1
30.2
30.3
30.4
30.5

30.6
30.7
30.8
30.9

Introduction
Impact-induced noise and vibration
Fundamentals of impact-induced noise
Lashes in vehicular drivetrain
An experimental rig for driveline clonk
Results and discussion of driveline clonk experiment
Some methods of palliation of driveline clonk
Acknowledgements
References

914
915
917
918
919
921
925
926
926

31

Tribo-elasto-multi-body dynamics of a single cylinder
engine under fired condition

928



M. S. M. Perera, S. Theodossiades and H. Rahnejat,
Loughborough University, UK

31.1
31.2
31.3
31.4

Introduction
Engine model with flexible components
Tribological conjunctions in the models
Conjunctional friction in the engine model

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010

914

928
930
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Contents

31.5

31.6
31.7
31.8
31.9

Temperature effects in lubricated contacts
Parametric study – crankshaft offset
Concluding remarks
References
Nomenclature

xvii

938
940
941
942
943

Part IIIMicro-systems and nano-conjunctions
32

Microengines and microgears



M. Teodorescu, Cranfield University, UK and H. Rahnejat and
S. Theodossiades, Loughborough University, UK

32.1

32.2

Introduction
Impact dynamics in microelectromechanical systems
(MEMS) gears
Concluding remarks
References
Nomenclature

947

33

Small-scale surface engineering problems

960



F. W. DelRio, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA
and C. Carraro and R. Maboudian, University of California at
Berkeley, USA

33.1
33.2
33.3
33.4
33.5
33.6
33.7

Introduction
Interfacial forces between two flat plates
Experimental methods
Physical modification of surfaces
Chemical modification of surfaces
Future trends
References

960
964
968
975
979
984
985



Index

990

32.3
32.4
32.5

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010

947

950
956
956
958


This page intentionally left blank


xix

Contributor contact details

(* = main contact)

Chapter 1
H. Rahnejat
Wolfson School of Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering
Loughborough University
Loughborough
UK
E-mail:

Chapter 2
D. Arnell
Jost Institute for Tribotechnology
University of Central Lancashire
Preston PR1 2HE

UK
E-mail:

Chapter 3
P. Prokopovich
Wolfson School of Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering
Loughborough University
Loughborough
UK
E-mail:

M. Teodorescu
Department of Automotive
Engineering
School of Engineering
Cranfield University
Cranfield MK43 0AL
UK
E-mail:

H. Rahnejat*
Wolfson School of Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering
Loughborough University
Loughborough
UK
E-mail:

Chapter 4

M. Teodorescu
Department of Automotive
Engineering
School of Engineering
Cranfield University
Cranfield MK43 0AL
UK
E-mail:

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010


xx

Contributor contact details

V. Votsios
Atos
Spain

Chapter 6

E-mail:

P. M. Johns-Rahnejat
Formerly Imperial College London
London
UK
H. Rahnejat*
Wolfson School of Mechanical and

Manufacturing Engineering
Loughborough University
Loughborough
UK

F. Sadeghi
School of Mechanical Engineering
Purdue University
West Lafayette, IN 47907
USA
E-mail:

Chapter 8
Dr D. R. Adams
Engine Engineering
Dagenham Development Centre
Dagenham RM9 6SA
UK

E-mail:

E-mail:

Chapters 5 and 7

Chapter 9

R. Gohar
c/o H. Rahnejat
Wolfson School of Mechanical and

Manufacturing Engineering
Loughborough University
Loughborough
UK

Dr I. McLuckie
AIES Ltd
PO Box 7784
Market Harborough LE16 7YH
UK

E-mail:

Chapter 10

M. M. A. Safa
22 Alexandra Drive
Surbiton KT59AB
UK

Dr A. Senatore* and Professor V.
D’Agostino
Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of
Salerno
Via Ponte don Melillo, 1
I 84084 Fisciano (SA)
Italy

E-mail:

E-mail:

E-mail:
E-mail:

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010


Contributor contact details

Chapter 11
I. Sherrington
Jost Institute for Tribotechnology
University of Central Lancashire
Preston PR1 2HE
UK

xxi

A. Shirvani and H. Shirvani
Faculty of Science and Technology
Anglia Ruskin University
Bishop Hall Lane
Chelmsford CM1 1SQ
UK

E-mail:

Email:

Chapter 12

Chapter 15

R. S. Dwyer-Joyce
Department of Mechanical
Engineering
University of Sheffield
Mappin Street
Sheffield S1 3JD
UK

P. C. Mishra, H. Rahnejat* and P.
King
Wolfson School of Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering
Loughborough University
Loughborough
UK

E-Mail:

E-mail:

Chapter 13

Chapter 16

I. Etsion
Department of Mechanical
Engineering
Technion
Haifa 32000
Israel

M. Kushwaha
Litens
Canada

E-mail:

Chapter 14
R. Rahmani
Dynamics Research Group
Wolfson School of Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering
Loughborough University
Loughborough
Leicestershire LE11 3TU
UK

E-mail:

Chapter 17
M. Teodorescu
Department of Automotive
Engineering
School of Engineering

Cranfield University
Cranfield MK43 0AL
UK
E-mail:

E-mail:
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010


xxii

Contributor contact details

Chapter 18

Chapter 20

S. Balakrishnan
Mercedes Benz High Performance
Engines
Brixworth
UK

P. C. Mishra and H. Rahnejat*
Wolfson School of Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering
Loughborough University
Loughborough
UK

E-mail:

C. McMinn
Ford Motor Company
Dagenham
UK
E-mail:

C. E. Baker and H. Rahnejat*
Wolfson School of Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering
Loughborough University
Loughborough
UK
E-mail:
E-mail:

E-mail:

Chapter 21
M. Menday
Loughborough University
UK
E-mail:

Chapter 22
M. Menday and H. Rahnejat*
Loughborough University
UK
E-mail:

Chapter 23

Chapter 19
S. Boedo
Department of Mechanical
Engineering
Rochester Institute of Technology
76 Lomb Memorial Drive
Rochester, NY 14623-5604
USA

G. Mavros
Aeronautical and Automotive
Engineering
Loughborough University
Epinal Way
Loughborough
Leicestershire LE11 3TU
UK

E-mail:

E-Mail:

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010


Contributor contact details

Chapter 24
S. K. Mohan
Magna Powertrain
6600 New Venture Gear Drive
East Syracuse, NY 1307
USA
E-mail:

Chapter 25
S. Natsiavas* and D. Giagopoulos
Department of Mechanical
Engineering
Aristotle University
54 124 Thessoloniki
Greece
E-mail:

Chapter 26

xxiii

M. Menday
Loughborough University
UK
E-mail:

Chapter 28
P. Kelly*
Ford Werke GmbH
Cologne

Germany
E-mail:

B. Pennec, R. Seebacher, B. Tlatlik
and M. Mueller
LuK GmbH & Co. oHG
Industriestrasse 3
77815
Germany
E-mail:Roland.Seebacher@schaeffler.
com

S. N. Doǧan
Daimler AG
Mercedesstr.122
70372 Stuttgart
Germany

Chapter 29

E-mail:suereyya_nejat.dogan@daimler.
com

Chapter 27
P. Kelly*
Ford Werke GmbH
Cologne
Germany

S. Theodossiades, O. Tangasawi

and H. Rahnejat*
Wolfson School of Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering
Loughborough University
Loughborough
UK
E-mail:


E-mail:

© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010


xxiv

Contributor contact details

Chapter 30

Chapter 33

M. Gnanakumarr
Wolfson School of Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering
Loughborough University
Loughborough
UK

Frank W. DelRio

Ceramics Division, Materials
Science and Engineering
Laboratory
National Institute of Standards and
Technology
100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8520
Gaithersburg, MD 20899
USA

E-mail:

Chapter 31
M. S. M. Perera, S. Theodossiades
and H. Rahnejat*
Wolfson School of Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering
Loughborough University
Loughborough
UK
E-mail:



Email:

Carlo Carraro and Professor Roya
Maboudian
Department of Chemical
Engineering
University of California Berkeley

B78 Tan Hall
Berkeley, CA 94720
USA
E-mail:



Chapter 32
M. Teodorescu
School of Engineerng
Cranfield University
Cranfield
UK
H. Rahnejat* and S. Theodossiades
Wolfson School of Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering
Loughborough University
Loughborough
UK
E-mail: