A study on women empowerment in the participation of activities with reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa) District, Andhra Pradesh

International Journal of Management (IJM)
Volume 11, Issue 2, February 2020, pp. 181–190, Article ID: IJM_11_02_020
Available online at />Journal Impact Factor (2020): 10.1471 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
ISSN Print: 0976-6502 and ISSN Online: 0976-6510
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Scopus Indexed

A STUDY ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN
THE PARTICIPATION OF ACTIVITIES WITH
REFERENCE TO Y.S.R (KADAPA) DISTRICT,
ANDHRA PRADESH
K. Venkata Subbaiah
Research Scholar, Department of Economics, V.S.U. P.G. Centre, Kavali &Lecturer in
Economics, SKR & SKR Govt. College for Women(A), Kadapa, India
Dr. P. Srinivas
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, V.S.U. P.G. Centre, Kavali, India
ABSTRACT:
Women empowerment through micro financial facility is one of the best tools to
empower the rural people. Today majority of the state government’s focusing on
empowerment of women in the country. Microfinance program listed as a successful
program to distribute wealth in the country for poor women. This research paper
examines how economic, social, personal, decision making and political
empowerment of women effected by Bank linkage program. The data was gathered by
personal interviews and observations. To test the hypothesis one way ANOVA test had
conducted.
Key Words: Women, Empowerment, Micro Finance, SHG’s.
Cite this Article: K. Venkata Subbaiah and Dr. P. Srinivas, A Study on Women
Empowerment in the Participation of Activities with Reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa)
District, Andhra Pradesh, International Journal of Management (IJM), 11 (2), 2020,
pp. 181–190.

/>1. INTRODUCTION
Today in India governments have been focusing on removal of poverty in rural areas by
introducing SBLP in their areas. The SGH programs broadly practicing for developments,
removal of poverty and women empowerments in their respective villages. Today SHGs have
been using for social development of women. The concept of this program is to increase self
reliance and providing good life in the society. It focuses on increase the voice of women and
building women organizations to overcome the bad evils in the society. Today these programs
have been using for increase leadership skills among women, to promote entrepreneurship and
to decision making capacity for their family and for the society.
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K. Venkata Subbaiah and Dr. P. Srinivas

Bangladesh is the first nation who introduced SHG’s. This program had given good result
in their country to removal of poverty. NABARD Carried out an extensive research study in
India and their research had given great results in terms of saving patterns, repayment of loans
of women. The results encouraged the financial institutions like RBI, commercial banks for
developing the women. NABARD had taken initiation to link SHG with banks in the year
1991-992 thus microfinance program came into the country to develop the rural women.
The basic objective of Introducing SHG in India is to empower the women economically
and socially. Economic Empowerment means instill the habit of savings, to overcome small
financial crisis in their families and to take financial decisions to generate income, to spend
expenditure and to repayment of loans. Social empowerment means make them selfconfidence, improving the social status in the family and in the society, getting decision
making priorities from the family and from the society. Skills development, building capacity
to interacting with peoples and increasing educational qualifications etc. personal
empowerment means increasing confidence levels, freedom to move , freedom to speak

among family members, involvement in the societal programs, attending training programs
organized by government. Political empowerment means freedom to participate in elections,
voting decision, raising voices in gram sambas etc. in this regard this study is essential to
examine the women empowerment in select area of kadapa district.

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Tanmoyee banerjee (2012) made a study on SHGs. She conducted her study on 26 shg who
were self-employees. In her study she witnessed that their income level was increased after
joined in SHGs. In her study she identified that forming as group and conducting business
given empowerment and employment for them further she concluded in her study that training
is critical for them to increase their empowerment.
Vijaya laxmi, gowda, jamuna ray & suggen (2012) had a study on women
empowerment they concluded in their study that the women would be empowered when she
got training on both off the job and on the job, through follow up of mentors.
Basudeb Bhattacharya (2016) made a study on managing finance for rural poor He had
opinioned that subsidies which were available under the Scheme should be utilized to support
the growth of capacity building instead for consumption which has been largely neglected in
the SGSY program. Subsidies can also be used by SHGs to finance the formation of new
groups that can benefit from the program.
George k.v (2017) conducted a comparative research on SHG-bank linkage program and
financial inclusion in Chennai and Kerala states of India. He had suggested that the repayment
rates of loans to SHGs were high as compared with other types of lending by banks. It was
suggested that the banks should pay more attention to SHG lending which increases their
business and number of customers.

3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1) To observe Socio Economic Profile of the respondents in select SHG.
2) To examine the Social, Economical, Personal, Decision Making and Political
Development of SHG members in select SHG in Kadapa District.
3) To assess the significant differences between Age of the respondents and Socio,

Economic and Personal Development of the respondents.
4) To offer Suggestions for the Development of the Members.

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A Study on Women Empowerment in the Participation of Activities with Reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa)
District, Andhra Pradesh

4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
For conducting the research both primary and secondary data has used. The study is
descriptive and in nature. The sample size for the study is 200 SHG members. Random
sampling method has used to gather the data. The population for the study is select SHG’s in
Y.S.R (Kadapa) district. For conducting the survey 250 questionnaire had distributed among
these only 204 was received for data consistency taken 200 members who properly filled data.
The data was gathered by personal interviews and observations. To test the hypothesis one
way ANOVA test had conducted.

5. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
 The study is conducted only on female members in select SHG’s in YSR kadapa
district
 The sample size for the study is only 200 hence it is not applicable to total district
 The opinion of the respondents is completely their personal opinion

6. DATA ANALYSIS
Objective: 1 finding:
Table :-1 Age

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative
Percent

18-39

130

65.0

65.0

65.0

40-49

50

25.0

25.0

90.0

50 and above

20

10.0

10.0

100.0

Total

200

100.0

100.0

Age of the respondents: from the table one it has identified that 65% of the respondents
belongs to the age category of 18 to 39 category followed by 25% of the respondents belongs
to the age category of 40 to 49 categories and 10% of the respondents belongs to 50 and
above age category.
Table :2 Marital status

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

1.00

164

82.0

82.0

82.0

2.00

30

15.0

15.0

97.0

3.00

6

3.0

3.0

100.0

Total

200

100.0

100.0

Marital status of the respondents: from the study it has observed that 82% of the
respondents were married 15% if the respondents were un married and only 3% of the
respondents were widows.

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K. Venkata Subbaiah and Dr. P. Srinivas

Table-3 Community wise distribution of SHG Member

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

1.00

26

13.0

13.0

13.0

2.00

50

25.0

25.0

38.0

3.00

34

17.0

17.0

55.0

4.00

90

45.0

45.0

100.0

Total

200

100.0

100.0

Community wise distribution of SHG Member: From the table three it has identified
that 45% of the respondents belongs to OBC Category, followed by 25% percentage of the
respondents belongs SC Category. 17% of the respondents belong to ST category and general
category is 13%.

Table -4 : Occupation

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

1.00

74

37.0

37.0

37.0

2.00

48

24.0

24.0

61.0

3.00

22

11.0

11.0

72.0

4.00

18

9.0

9.0

81.0

5.00

18

9.0

9.0

90.0

6.00

20

10.0

10.0

100.0

Total

200

100.0

100.0

Occupation of SHG Member: from the table 4 it has evidenced that 37% of the
respondents are house wife’s, 24% of the respondents are working on agricultural followed by
non agricultural labor 11%, petty business 10%. 9 % of the respondents are self employees
and only 10% of the respondents are unemployed.
Table -5 Educational qualifications

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

1.00

6

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.00

40

20.0

20.0

23.0

3.00

90

45.0

45.0

68.0

4.00

50

25.0

25.0

93.0

5.00

14

7.0

7.0

100.0

Total

200

100.0

100.0

Educational qualifications of SHG: from the table five it recognized that majority
(45%) of the respondents had secondary education. 25% of the respondents had higher

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A Study on Women Empowerment in the Participation of Activities with Reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa)
District, Andhra Pradesh

secondary education followed by 20% of the respondents had primary education, 7% of the
respondents were graduates and only 3% of the respondents were illiterates.

Objective Two findings:
Table -6: Economic development of the respondents
S.No
v1
v2
v3
v4
v5

Variables
SHG ‘s meeting their all economic

needs after becoming SHG member
Getting loans from SHG
Family members considering
spending loan amount
Changes in savings after becoming
SHG member
Having capacity to Repayment of
loan in scheduled time

SA

AG

SWA

DA

SDA

Ms

SD

%

81

62

57

0

0

4.12

0.82

78

118

57

25

0

0

4.46

0.70

86.62

47

62

33

38

20

3.39

1.30

59.75

63

60

29

38

10

3.64

1.24

66

59

58

10

41

32

3.35

1.48

59

The table six shows the data on Economic development of the respondents It can be seen
from the table with regard to variable one 78% of the respondents accepted that SHG‘s
meeting their all economic needs after becoming SHG member. With regard to the variable
two 86.62% of the respondents accepted that they have been getting loans from SHG. With
regard to the variable family members considering spending loan amount 59.75% of the
respondents accepted the statement. With regard to the variable four 66% of the respondents
accepted that there is a change in savings after becoming SHG member. With regard to the
variable five 59% of the respondents accepted that they had the capacity to repayment of loan
in scheduled time.
Table -7: Social development of the respondents
S.No

Variables

SA

AG

SWA

DA

SDA

Ms

SD

%

V6

Able to speak with public

64

111

15

5

5

4.12

0.84

78

V7

Increase my decision making skills

10

114

15

30

31

3.21

1.22 55.25

V8

Maintaining relationship with others

81

40

18

23

38

3.51

1.56 62.87

V9

I improved my communication

50

40

55

22

33

3.26

1.38

V10

No Discrimination in the society

56

50

15

39

40

3.21

1.52 55.37

56.5

The table seven shows the data on Economic development of the respondents It can be
seen that with regard to variable six 78% of the respondents accepted that they are able to
speak with public. With regard to the variable seven 55.25% of the respondents accepted that
their decision making skills they have been increasing. With regard to the variable eight
62.87% of members accepted that they have been Maintaining relationship with others
members. With regard to the variable nine 56.5% of the respondents accepted that they
improved their communication skills. With regard to the variable ten 55.37% of the
respondents accepted that there is No Discrimination in the society

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K. Venkata Subbaiah and Dr. P. Srinivas
Table -8: Personal development
S.N
o

Variables

S
A

A
G

SW
A

D
A

SD
A

v11

increasing confidence levels

74

60

7

39

20

V12

freedom to move

96

60

20

12

12

V13

freedom to speak among family
members

53

96

20

19

12

V14

involvement in the societal programs

66

53

39

28

14

V15

Attending training programs

66

49

9

40

36

Ms

SD

%

3.6
4
4.0
8
3.7
9
3.6
4
3.3
4

1.4
0
1.1
6
1.1
1

1.2
6
1.5
4

66.1
2
77
69.8
7
66.1
2
58.6
2

The table eight shows the data on Personal development of the respondents It can be seen
that with regard to variable eleven 66.12% of the respondents accepted that they have been
increasing confidence levels. With regard to the variable twelve 77% of the respondents
accepted that they have freedom to move. With regard to the variable thirteen 69.87% of
members accepted that they freedom to speak among family members. With regard to the
variable fourteen 66.12 % of the respondents accepted that they have been involving in the
societal programs. With regard to the variable fifteen 58.62% of the respondents accepted that
they Attending training programs.
Table -9: Decision making skills development
S.
No
V1
6
V1
7

V1
8
V1
9
V2
0

Variables
Able to take decision on education of children’s
after joined in SHG
Able to take decision on economic matters after
joined in SHG
Able to take decision on daily activities after joined
in SHG
Able to take decision on children’s marriage after
joined in SHG
Able to take decision on income generation
activities after joined in SHG

S
A
5
3
8
1
9
6
7
2
7

2

A
G

SW
A

D
A

SD
A

96

20

19

12

40

18

23

38

60

20

12

12

59

34

20

15

74

11

29

14

M
s
3.
79
3.
51

4.
08
3.
76
3.
80

S
D
1.
11
1.
56
1.
16
1.
24
1.
26

%
69.
87
62.
87
77
69.
12
70.
12

The table Nine shows the data on Decision making skills development of the
respondents It can be seen that with regard to variable sixteen 69.87% of the respondents
accepted that they are able to take decision on education of children’s after joined in SHG.
With regard to the variable seventeen 62.87% of the respondents accepted that they are able to
take decision on economic matters after joined in SHG. With regard to the variable eighteen
77% of members accepted that they are able to take decisions on daily activities after joined
in SHG. With regard to the variable Nineteen 69.12 % of the respondents accepted that they
are Able to take decision on children’s marriage after joined in SHG. With regard to the
variable fifteen 70.12% of the respondents accepted that they are Able to take decision on
income generation activities after joined in SHG.

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A Study on Women Empowerment in the Participation of Activities with Reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa)
District, Andhra Pradesh
Table -10: Political development
s.no
v21
v22
v23
v24
v25
v26

Variables

vote on our own decision
have membership in political party
interest to contest in election
Have awareness on grama sabha
Used to attended in grama sabha
participated in decision making of
grama sabha

SA
47
96
42
42
42

AG SWA
54
30
42
26
42
21
66
21
66
21

DA
35
14

42
42
42

SDA
34
22
53
29
29

MS
3.22
3.88
2.89
3.25
3.25

SD
1.42
1.36
1.52
1.38
1.38

%
55.62
72
47.25
56.25

56.25

46

64

42

30

3.27

1.40

56.75

18

The table Ten shows the data on Political development of the respondents It can be seen
that with regard to variable twenty one 55.62% of the respondents accepted that they cast their
vote on their own decision. With regard to the variable 22, 72% of the respondents accepted
that they have member ship in political party. With regard to the variable twenty three 47.25%
of members accepted that they had interest to contest in election. With regard to the variable
twenty four 56.25 % of the respondents accepted that they have awareness on grama sabha.
With regard to the variable twenty five 56.25% of the respondents accepted that they used to
attend in grama sabha. With regard to the variable twenty six 56.75% of the respondents
accepted that they have been participating in decision making of grama sabha.
Objective Three: hypothesis testing
Hypothesis H1: There is a significant difference between age of the respondents and
economic development

Table 6.1-ANOVA

Sum of
Squares

df

Mean Square

F

Sig.

15.691

2

7.845

13.110

.000

Within Groups

117.889

197

.598

Total

133.580

199

15.858

2

7.929

18.618

.000

Within Groups

83.897

197

.426

Total

99.755

199

18.889

2

9.445

6.205

.002

Within Groups

299.831

197

1.522

Total

318.720

199

21.042

2

10.521

7.221

.001

Within Groups

287.038

197

1.457

Total

308.080

199

73.575

2

36.787

19.898

.000

Within Groups

364.220

197

1.849

Total

437.795

199

VAR00001 Between Groups

VAR00002 Between Groups

VAR00003 Between Groups

VAR00004 Between Groups

VAR0005 Between Groups

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K. Venkata Subbaiah and Dr. P. Srinivas

From the observations it is evidenced from the table 6.1 that there is a significant difference
between the age of the respondents and their economic development of the respondents. All
the five variables significantly strong with the above statement hence we accept hypothesis
one statement.
Hypothesis H2: There is a significant difference between age of the respondents and social
development
Table-7.1 ANOVA

VAR000v6

VAR000v7

VAR000v8

VAR000v9

VAR000v10

Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

F

Sig.

Between Groups

12.169

2

6.085

9.296

.000

Within Groups

128.951

197

.655

Total

141.120

199

Between Groups

.172

2

.086

.057

.944

Within Groups

294.703

197

1.496

Total

294.875

199

Between Groups

40.017

2

20.009

8.687

.000

Within Groups

453.738

197

2.303

Total

493.755

199

Between Groups

31.553

2

15.777

8.907

.000

Within Groups

348.927

197

1.771

Total

380.480

199

Between Groups

105.563

2

52.781

29.176

.000

Within Groups

356.392

197

1.809

Total

461.955

199

From the observations it has evidenced from the table 7.1 that there is a significant
difference between the age of the respondents and their social development. All the variables
are significant with age of the respondents except variable seven hence we accept hypothesis
two statement.
Hypothesis H3: There is a significant difference between age of the respondents and
personal development
Table 8.1-ANOVA

VAR00011

VAR00012

Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

F

Sig.

Between Groups

58.507

2

29.253

17.657

.000

Within Groups

326.373

197

1.657

Total

384.880

199

Between Groups

16.643

2

8.322

6.452

.002

Within Groups

254.077

197

1.290

Total

270.720

199

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188




A Study on Women Empowerment in the Participation of Activities with Reference to Y.S.R (Kadapa)

District, Andhra Pradesh

VAR00013

VAR00014

VAR00015

Between Groups

5.846

2

2.923

Within Groups

242.749

197

1.232

Total

248.595

199

Between Groups

14.267

2

7.134

Within Groups

303.528

197

1.541

Total

317.795

199

Between Groups

2.833

2

1.416

Within Groups

470.362

197

2.388

Total

473.195

199

2.372

.096

4.630

.011

.593

.554

One way ANOVA
From the observations it is evidenced from the table 8.1 that only three variables
(v11,v12, v14) are significant with age of the respondents remaining two variables (v13,v15)
not significant with age of the respondents hence; they above said hypothesis somewhat

accepted.

7. SUGGESTIONS OF THE STUDY
After observing the data it is suggested that family members should co- operate with the
respondents and they should give guidance to take decisions. Majority of the members taking
loans but their repayment capacity should be increase hence members of the Ngo , rural
development officers and banking institution should train them on income generating
activities. Further it has suggested that Decision making skills of the members should
increased, majority of the members unable to express their ideas in front of family members
and with official proper training should be given on communication skills and women
discrimination in the society has been reducing buy conducting social programs we can
remove caste discriminations. Further it is suggesting that political development of the
members should be enhanced hence local political parties should motivate women’s to
participate in election by giving chances to compete in elections.

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