LV thạc sỹ_Translation banking terminology from english into vietnamese

Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

DECLARATION

Title: Translation human resource management terms from
English into Vietnamese

It is committed that my study is not carried out by copying or
reproducing

any

other

person’s

copyrighted

work

without

acknowledgement or source quotation and that the study is originally
written by me under strict guidance of my supervisor.

Date submitted: May 4th, …


Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

ACKNOWLEGEMENT

First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my parents
who have, as it always goes, encouraged and supported me so much in my
study and my life.
Also, I wish to show acknowledgement to my supervisor, …...
Besides, I would like to send thanks to all my dear friend for their
encouragement, support, and being always side by side me whenever I got the
problems.
Last but not least, I would be grateful to any remarks from the readers!
Thank you!
….


Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

TABLE CONTENTS
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEGEMENT
PART A. INTRODUCTION
1. Rationale............................................................................................1
2. Aim and purposes of the study...........................................................2
3. Scope of the study..............................................................................2
4. Research questions of the study.........................................................2
5. Methods of the study..........................................................................3
6. Design of the study............................................................................3
PART B: DEVELOPMENT.......................................................................5
CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW......................................................5
1. Related researches to human resource management terms...............5
2. Overview of translation.....................................................................6
2.1: Definition of translation..............................................................6
2.2History of translation....................................................................9

3. Overview of terminology.................................................................11
3.1 Definitions..................................................................................11
3.1.1 Definition of terminology.....................................................11
3.1.2 Definition of terms...............................................................13
3.1.3 Human resource management terms....................................13
CHAPTER II. POSSIBLE DIFICULTIES IN TRANSLATION
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TERMS AND SOME
SUGGESTIONS.........................................................................................15
1. Possible difficulties in translation human resource management
terms....................................................................................................15
1.1 Difficulty in finding equivalence in target language (TL)..........15
1.2 Practical experience and knowledge limitation..........................17
1.3 Psychology of translator.............................................................18


Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

2. Some suggestions to translate human resource management terms 20
2.1 Joining in business management environment for practical
experience........................................................................................20
2.2 Using associated tools................................................................22
2.2.1 Using glossary.....................................................................22
2.2.2 Using internet......................................................................24
2.2.3 Using translation software...................................................25
CHAPTER III TRANSLATION
OF HUMAN RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT TERMS FROM ENGLISH INTO VIETNAMESE.....26

1. Some figures of speech in translation of human resource
management terms...............................................................................26

1.1 Synonymy in translation human resource management terms...26
1.2 Metaphor in translation human resource management terms....28
1.3 Slang in translating human resource management terms...........29
1.4 Quotation in translating human resource management terms.. .31
1.5. Acronym in translating human resource management terms...32
2. Translations of common human resource management terms from
English into Vietnamese according to functions:................................34
2.1 Translation terms of recruiting employees:...............................34
2.2 Translation terms of job analysis:.............................................36
2.3 Translation terms of training and developing:...........................39
2.4 Translation terms of performance management:........................40
2.5 Translation terms of employee motivating:...............................43
2.5.1 Translation term of environment and employee benefits:....44
2.5.2. Translation term of compensation management.................46
PART C. CONCLUSION......................................................................50
REFERENCES

APPENDIX


Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

PART A. INTRODUCTION

1. Rationale
In any organization, human resource always plays the most
important role to decide the success, the development or even the failure.
Therefore, human resource management seems to be the more and more
difficult task, especially in the changing world economy real situation.
Viet Nam, together with its great achievements in term of socialeconomy after innovation and integration, has to face many challenges

from outside competitive opponents. It is obviously required a good
management enterprise in general, a good management human resource
in particular. Well human resource management task will make the
contribution to help Viet Nam’s enterprises stand steady and be more
competitive with foreign’s one.
Terminology is essential in any economic aspect. It allows people
to understand a general view of denotions and processes, transfers the
information fast and accurately. Human resource management term is
also a useful tool in human management task. However, translation
human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese is not
easy for the differences in culture, the complication of structures of
word, including grammar and set expression. So, the role of translator in
translating human resource management is very important. To have a
successful translation version, translator must understand carefully about

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

human resource management terms and find the best way to translate
them. It is reason why I choose the topic “ Translation banking
terminology from English into Vietnamese”
2. Aim and purposes of the study
The study mainly have the purposes:


Giving an overview of translation and

terminology



Giving translations human resource

management terms from English into Vietnamese


Giving possible difficulties in translating

human resource management terms


Point out some suggestions for such

difficulties
3. Scope of the study
This graduation paper will give out translations of English –
Vietnamese human resource management terms. There are three main
points mentioned in this study. The first is an overview of translation and
terminology, the second is translations of human resource management
terms, and the last is difficulties in translating human resource
management terms
4. Research questions of the study
There will be three following main questions in my study:

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese



How

to

translate

human

resource

management terms?


What are the difficulties to translate

human resource management terms?


What are the solutions to have a good

version of human resource translation?
5. Methods of the study
I has carried out this study in some following ways:
_ Studying the recent researches related to this topic
_ Collecting material from different sources like: libraries, friends,
teachers, dictionaries, internet……
_ Classifying and processing the collected materials
_ Finding out the mistakes from the materials of translating human

resource management terms from English into Vietnamese and the
solutions for them all
_ Asking the supervisor for his support
6. Design of the study
My study will be divided into following parts:
Part A: Introduction. Giving the reasons, aims, scope, methods,
and design of my study
Part B: Development. Including three chapters:

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

Chapter I: Literature Review. Providing an overview of
translation, terminology, and human resource management terms
Chapter II: Translation of human resource management terms
from English into Vietnamese
Chapter

III: Suggestions for translating

management terms
Part C: Conclusion

4

human resource

Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

PART B: DEVELOPMENT
Chapter I: Literature review
1. Related researches to human resource management
terms
In graduated paper by Le Thi Thu Hong, formal student at Ha Noi
Open University faculty of English and modern language, she has
pointed out the definition of terminology, as well as, terms and the
differences between them. She has also gave the translation part of
speech and figure of speech of banking terms from English into
Vietnamese and the difficulties when translating this kind of terms.
Moreover, some suggestions to deal with difficult in translation are very
useful and practical for student to translate terminology from English
into Vietnamese. However, there are still some restrictions in her study
as:
 Giving a few banking terms examples
 Has not yet classified banking term according to its
function
 Does not point out the previous mistake translations
of banking terms, the suggested solutions for them as well
In book “Cách dùng từ ngữ & thuật ngữ kinh tế thương mại Việt –
Anh” (Nguyễn Trùng Khánh, 2004), the author brought out Vietnamese
– English sentence pattern used as illustrations for the methods to

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

employ words, word phrases and terminology in specialities such as:
business

management,

foreign

trade,

economic

financial

and

accountancy. This book is useful for businessman who want to learn the
terminology of specialities in very short time to integrate to business
environment.
Author Đỗ Hữu Vinh in his book “Từ Điển Thuật Ngữ Kinh Tế
Thương Mại Anh - Việt” (2009- Nxb Giao Thông Vận Tải) compiled the
list of 500 new dictionary entries, phrases, words, and specialize terms.
The contents of the dictionary include: terms of foreign trade, maritime,
insurance, finance, banking, stock market. It is design to improve the
quality of teaching and learning business English for students of
economics as well as thousands of offers for foreign trade officials, the
operation business activities and readers interested in this field. It is
useful search too

2. Overview of translation
2.1: Definition of translation

Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source
language text by means of an equivalent target – language text. The text
that is translated is called the source text, and the language that is
translated into is called the target language.
Translation began only after the appearance of written literature;
there exist partial translations of the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh (ca.

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

2000 BCE) into Southwest Asian languages of the second millennium
BCE.
Translators always risk inappropriate spill-over of source-language
idiom and usage into the target-language translation. On the other hand,
spill-overs have imported useful source-language calques and loanwords
that have enriched the target languages. Indeed, translators have helped
substantially to shape the languages into which they have translated.
Due to the demands of business documentation consequent to the
Industrial Revolution that began in the mid-18th century, some
translation specialties have become formalized, with dedicated schools
and professional associations.
Because of the laboriousness of translation, since the 1940s
engineers have sought to automate translation (machine translation) or to
mechanically aid the human translator (computer-assisted translation).
The rise of the Internet has fostered a world-wide market for translation
services and has facilitated language .
There are many way for the definition of translation. I can see
hundred of ways to definite translation differently. Following, I would

like to express some ways from some materials:
_ “translation is the action of interpretation of the meaning of a
text, and subsequent production of an equivalent text, also called a
translation, that communicates the same message in another language”.

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

_ “Translation is a process based on the theory that it is possible to
abstract the meaning of a text from its forms and reproduce that meaning
the very different forms of a second language”.
_ “Translation is the expression in another language (target
language) of what have been expressed in another (source language),
preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences (Dubois 1973, cited in
Bell 1001, p5)
_ “Translation is the transformation of a text originally in one
language in to an equivalent text in a different language retaining, as far
as possible, the context of the message and the formal features and the
roles of the original text”. ( Bell- 1991.XIII) (HVV:2000, p5)”
_ “Translation is a rewriting of an original text, all rewriting,
whatever their intention, reflect a certain ideology and a poetics as such
manipulate literature to function in a given society in a given way”.
_ “Translation is a replacement of a representation of a text in one
language by a representation of an equivalence text in a second
language”. (Roger T. Bell)
As a whole, translation is basically a change of form from source
to target language. Only the form changes. The form from which the
translation is made will be called the source language and the form in to

which it is to be changed will be called the receptor language.
Translation, therefore, consists of study the lexicon, grammatical
structure, culture context and the communication circumstance of the

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and
the reconstructing the most accurate meaning using the lexicon and
grammatical structure which are appropriate in the receptor language and
its cultural context
The ideal translation should be…


Accurate: reproducing as exactly as possible the meaning of

the source text.


Natural: using natural forms of the receptor language in a

way that is appropriate to the kind of text being translated.


Communicative: expressing all aspects of the meaning in a

way that is readily understandable to the intended audience.
(according to Larson l998, p. 3)

2.2History of translation
Translation has played a role throughout history any time there has
been an intersection of two cultures and languages. And each time one
culture has produced a written text, translators serve as the bridge that
allows literate members of one culture to be exposed to the written
material the other has produced.
Perhaps the best documented example of translation history is that
of the Bible, but the work of scholars and great thinkers from all over the
world has also been translated. These translations have permitted the
cross-germination and exposure to ideas and values that have then
spread across the world because of their availability in other languages.

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

There are three general types of translation: literary, technical, and
commercial. Most translation history that goes back centuries focuses on
the former, literary translation, because of the need to transmit ideas and
values from one language to another. The Translator’s Invisibility: A
History of Translation by Lawrence Venutis is a seminal work tracing the
translation of literary texts into English and how those translations shape
translation theory and thought across cultures.
The translation of literary texts is a field unto itself, and the
layperson benefits from this because it allows access to great written
works written in another language. As Venutis says in his book: “I see
translation as the attempt to produce a text so transparent that it does not
seem to be translated.” The reader benefits from skilled translations that
stay true to the style and content of a text written in the source language

and rendered into his own without the need to understand the source
language.
The history of machine translation may be more critical to the
modern person because of its use as an aid to transmitting information as
opposed to ideas and art. Technical and commercial translations can be
rendered more quickly and with greater continuity when machine
translation tools are utilized. Wikipedia gives a brief overview of the
history of machine translation, beginning with its origins in the
seventeenth century.
Because of skilled translators and their ability to bridge two
languages, we have access to texts as varied as the richly detailed novels

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

of Isabel Allende, scholarly articles, instruction manuals, and pamphlets
for non-native English speakers about health resources. Each of these
examples are made possible because of the craft of translation whose
history dates back to the first intersection of two cultures with written
texts.

3. Overview of terminology
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1 Definition of terminology
Terminology is the study of terms and their use. Terms are words
and compound words that are used in specific contexts. Not to be
confused with "terms" in colloquial usages, the shortened form of
technical terms (or terms of art) which are defined within a discipline or

speciality field. The discipline Terminology studies among other things
how such terms of art come to be and their interrelationships within a
culture.
Terminology therefore denotes a more formal discipline which
systematically studies the labeling or designating of concepts particular
to one or more subject fields or domains of human activity, through
research and analysis of terms in context, for the purpose of
documenting and promoting correct usage. This study can be limited to
one language or can cover more than one language at the same time
(multilingual terminology, bilingual terminology, and so forth) or may
focus on studies of terms across fields.

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

Terminology is not connected to information retrieval in any way
but focused on the meaning and conveyance of concepts. "Terms" used
in an information retrieval context are not the same as "terms" used in
the context of terminology, as they are not always technical terms of art.
Terminology is an independent journal with a cross-cultural and
cross-disciplinary scope. It focuses on the discussion of (systematic)
solutions not only of language problems encountered in translation, but
also, for example, of (monolingual) problems of ambiguity, reference
and developments in multidisciplinary communication. Particular
attention will be given to new and developing subject areas such as
knowledge representation and transfer, information technology tools,
expert systems and terminological databases. Terminology encompasses
terminology both in general (theory and practice) and in specialized

fields, such as physics; biomedical sciences; technology; engineering;
humanities; management; law; arts; business administration; trade;
corporate identity; economics; methodology; and any other area in which
terminology is essential to improve communication.
Terminology constitutes the greatest part of every language
vocabulary. It is also the most intensely developing part, that is, the class
giving the largest number of new formations. Terminology of a language
consists of many systems of terms. We shall call a term any word or
word – group used to name a notion characteristic of some special fields
of knowledge, industry or culture.

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

3.1.2 Definition of terms
There are some ways to definite terms:
“Terms is a noun or compound word used in specific context
meaning”. (wikipedia)
“Terms is mostly and predominantly used in special works dealing
with the notions of some braches of science” – according to the lecture
on lexicology by Dang Tran Cuong (2001:40)
“It is called terms when a word (or a collection of words)
designate a single concept in this way” (Arnold, 1994:101)
Terms are used like neutral words in some aspects such as
“lexicology, morpheme, physics, opera Medicare, radio, newspapers, and
television”. We can see that many terms are familiar to the public since
they have become words of general usage. They may be used
figuratively: atmosphere, camp. In addition to this, a number of terms

are borrowed from slang: “Know – how, rake – off”. They are also
coined from available material with the help of affixation, compounding
conversion….
3.1.3 Human resource management terms
Human resource management terms are the words, compound
words or abbreviation referring to business management used in
managing human resource. This universal language describes the
equipments, tools, procedures used in treating and managing human
resource within and outside of an organization, an enterprise. It helps

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

managers effectively operating and regulating people with terms
systematized due to every task such as: recruiting employees, training,
job analysis, motivating people, etc…
The function of human resource management is growing
importance these days as with the growing competition and businesses
going global; employees and workers of an organization are treated as
assets to it which is capable of bringing core competency. The people
working in an organization helps the organization achieve its goals and
objectives and hence are the

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

CHAPTER II. POSSIBLE DIFICULTIES IN
TRANSLATION HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
TERMS AND SOME SUGGESTIONS
1. Possible difficulties in translation human resource
management terms
1.1 Difficulty in finding equivalence in target language(TL)
The first step in the process of translating a source language text is
to find suitable equivalents in the target language. The term 'equivalence'
is actually a key term in translation and it has been defined variously by
different scholars. Any 'good' or 'accurate' translation presupposes an
'exact' or 'correct' equivalence being rendered at linguistic, extra
linguistic and paralinguistic levels in the target language . However, when
translating terminology in general, and business management terms in
particular, we, sometimes, find it difficult to get the equivalence.
Especially, in case of translating metaphor and slang used in human
resource management terms, it is problem that we have to deal with
many aspects: culture, business environment, technical language…
Metaphor in SL (source language) is, by definition, a semantic
novelty, it can clearly have no existing “equivalence” in TL (target
language). Sylfest Lomheim writes in his book “Omsetjingsteori” that
“striking metaphors in SL can only be translated equivalently using as
striking metaphors in TL (1995:132). Therefore, the translator, when

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

translating, have to chose the most equivalent implicity based on
knowledge about all the aspect involved in SL to transfer meaning to TL

For example: term: Vestibule training: đào tạo ngoại tuyến
Vestibule in literal sense is a room or place used for public
where people have many marginal activities that completely
differs from the bureau where people stay at work. Why people do
not chose other images like: park, cinema, zoo…instead of
vestibule. It is due to the cultural aspect, or technical language
aspect may be
The differences of culture, habit, environment in organization or
in group also add the difficulties to get the equivalence in translating
slang in human resource management terms.
The problem with translating slang, be it tech-related or otherwise,
is that if the word is fresh enough, there is unlikely to be any reliable goto guide for translators to turn to. In some cases, the translator may not
know the meaning of the word himself and will have to do some cultural
research just to figure out what it means in the original source language.
According to Article by Eric W. Vogt: slang, the most difficult to
translate, lies alongside parody, satire and burlesque. The reasoning was
that they share a similar flavor and occupy a similar niche in a society,
but their modus operandi are different in terms of vocabulary and style.
Slang tends to be opaque and resist translation -- it best understood by
insiders and thus it looks inward as if to protect the member of a
language group from snooping ears. Parody and satire are viewed as a

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

means by which a society reveals its underbelly to itself -- and
potentially to outsiders.
1.2 Practical experience and knowledge limitation

Translation is complicated process, so having a basic knowledge
of linguistic is not enough to make an accurate translation. Especially,
translation terminology is considered a science on linguistic, therefore, it
requires translator a large knowledge and practical experience in the
sector needs to be translated. It will take a lot of time for translators who
lack of knowledge and experience in certain field to translate its
terminology. They will have to carry out a research specifically the field
before starting to translate.
To understand documents, articles, or books of human resource
management terms, translators must learn its terminology by looking up
their meanings and conceptions through glossaries, but there are many
explanation not given. That is really a problem if translator do not have a
experience on the field they chose
Practical experience and knowledge limitation are also the main
problem of untranslatable problems occurred in translating metaphor and
slang terms which is the most difficult task for translator, especially for
student.
For illustration:
Work/Life Employee Benefits: Work/Life benefits are "nontraditional" employee benefits that assist employees in managing their

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

lives. Employers purchase these services from vendors and they are
offered to employees as benefits. These services can make the difference
in attracting and retaining employees. Common life management
benefits include: child and elder care referral services, employee
assistance program (EAP), concierge, legal assistance, and emergency

back-up childcare.
Social Media: Internet sites and services that allows users to
generate and exchange content and interact with each other in a variety
of ways. Forums, pod casts, book marking, blogs and social networking
sites are types of social media. These types of interaction can be used for
collaboration, communication and entertainment. HR professionals use
social media to source candidates and create peer networks.
It is definitely sure that just only translator who has experienced in
human resource management have enough knowledge to translate these
above terms. How can they transfer information of the explanation
accurately to help readers understand the author’s in tension. Practical
experience and knowledge are needed in this case
1.3 Psychology of translator
Translator’s psychology has considerably influenced on the
efficiency of translation version. Evidently, some translators will be in
ideological impasse in dealing with difficulties if they are unstable, lazy
or unstudious, especially facing with specialized word translation
(terminology translation), translators are required not only knowledge
but also positive psychology. It also requires translators a lot of time and

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

effort to study on the field involve in translation before making
translation. The more difficult the translation is, the more pressures on
psychology translators get.
Some translators seem to be afraid of difficulties, moreover, not
very often they can translate a specialized text and transfer the meaning

of its terminology, which is so complicated and hard to remember, in a
good way. As a result, they have fail to make the clear transfer, even
untranslatability.
For instance:
Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA):luật tiêu chuẩn công
bằng lao động is a federal statute of the United States. The FLSA
established a national minimum wage, guaranteed 'time-and-ahalf' for overtime in certain jobs, and prohibited most employment
of minors in "oppressive child labor," a term that is defined in the
statute. It applies to employees engaged in interstate commerce or
employed by an enterprise engaged in commerce or in the
production of goods for commerce, unless the employer can claim
an exemption from coverage. Wages required by FLSA are due on
the regular payday for the pay period covered. Deductions made
from wages for such items as cash or merchandise shortages,
employer-required uniforms, and tools of the trade, are not legal to
the extent that they reduce the wages of employees below the
minimum rate required by FLSA or reduce the amount of overtime
pay due under FLSA

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

To making the most accurate translation of HRM (human resource
management) terminology. Translators must understand essence of this
kind of terminology that requires translators a positive condition of
psychology. However, some of those tend to ignore or cast a cursory
glance at it.

Summary:
Some suggested problems above have influenced on translation
human resource management terms at the different rates. They make a
barrier for translator, especially students to make a clear and most
equivalent translation. The difficulty is also that some students are
unable to overcome the problems.

2. Some suggestions to translate human resource
management terms
2.1 Joining in business management environment for practical
experience.
In any sector, practical experience is vital for you to get a foot in
the door. Particularly, in translation, practical knowledge/ experience
plays a very important role in finding the most equivalent in target
language (TL). To translating a text in any field: literature, science,
economy… translators have to be a part of the field that mean you are
insider who know all about: culture, writing style, context…to be able to

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Translation human resource management terms from English into Vietnamese

transfer exactly the meaning from the SL to TL. To have a good version
of translating human resource management terminology translators have
to join enterprise environment as a position of both employee and
employer to understand the structure, manner, business culture as well. It
likes an experiment carried out by scientists that need to have the
practical result to confirm the previous theory.
Possessing a practical experience in business management,

translators can also understand the language of business group of people
that help they deal with the most difficult type of translation human
resource management terms, it is translation of metaphor and slang
terms.
For example:
SITCOMS : this is a slang term denote the circumstance
that yuppies turn into when they have children and one of them
stops working to stay home with the kids. For illustration: "Single
Income, Two Children, Oppressive Mortgage"
 suggested translation: lương đèo bòng
Gray Matter – this slang terms denotes the older,
experienced business people hired by young entrepreneurial firms
trying to appear more professional and established.
 suggested translation: cựu doanh nhân
It is necessary for either translators or students to have practical
experience in order to deal with the difficulty in finding equivalence in

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