Biến đổi khí hậu và hành động của Việt Nam

BAO TON NANG LtfONG II

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Bi^n ddi khi hau
v a hanh dong cua Viet Nam
Chien djch GidTrai Dat 2016 chinh thiirc duoc khdi dong, co hoi de moi
ngudi dan va doanh nghiep co them nhOrng hanh dong phu hofp cho mdt
tuong lai nang luong ben vUng va hieu qua d Viet Nam.

\
Nhu cau dien vSn tang

doan tang. Rieng Viet Nam tang rat

TOE. Den nay da cd 585 nhiem vu,diJ
an da dupe trien khai. Hon 100 l5a

La mot nen kinh te mdi noi, nhu cau

nhanh theo mot quy luat rieng, khdng

dien nang d Viet Nam da dupe du bao

giong nudc nao, khdng trung vdi so lieu

nha da dupe Bd Cdng Thuong Tilih

se tiep tuc gia tang ding ke trong giai

qua khd cua cac nudc. Dieu do cd

danh thdng qua cudc thi "Tda nhH

doan liep theo td 2010 tdi 2030. Tang

nghia la viec sd dung nang lupng tai

hieu qua nang lupng". Tren 700,001)

trudng kinh te cao din t ^ gia tang nhu

Viet Nam rat lang phi va kem hieu qua.

binh nudc ndng nang lucmg mat m

c^u sif dung dien, Giai doan 2001 -

So sanh nhu cau dien ciia Viet Nam vdi

dang dupe sd dung, gidp tiet ki6ni

2010, san lupng dien (bao g6m d dien

dc nudc trong khu vuc nhu Trung

khoang 1 ty kWh tuong duong 1.600 ty

nhap khau) da tang tii 31,13 ty KWh

Quoc, Thii Lan va Malaysia, theo WB,

dong. Chuong trinh hd trp ki^m lak

len 100 ty KWh; dign thuong pham td

nam 2030, GDP tren dau ngudi cua

nang lupng cho gan 700 doanh

25,8 ty KWh I6n 86,8 ty KWh va cdng

Viet Nam tuong duong vdi Thai Lan

nghiep. Dac biet, tr^n 10.000 mau:^

suat lap dat tang td 7-872 MW to

nam 2010 nhung tieu thu dien lai cao

pham thupc 15 nhdm san pblmda

21.542 MW tuong duong ty le tang

gap 3 lan. Tuong tu khi so sanh vdi

dupe Bp Cdng Thuong cap phep din

trung binh nam tufflig dng la 13,8%,

Malaysia, GDP dau ngu^ cua Viet Nam

nhan nang lUpng. Chuong trinh diln

14,4% va 12%.

nam 2030 tuong duong vdi Malaysia

nhan nang iupng da trien khai th^i

nam 1990 nhung tieu thu dien gip

cdng, tao dupe thdi quen tifiu diing,

hon 6 lan. Dien tieu thu theo dau

mua sam cac san pham hiSu suit cao,

ngudi d Viet Nam nam 2010 tuong

tiet kiem nang lupng.

duong vdi 'ft-ung Qu6c nam 1997. Tuy

Udc tfnh, ty le tiet kiem nang \\1H

nhien, theo du bao nam 2030, tigu thu

cdng don cho ca giai doan 2011- 2015

dien cua Viet Nam cao gap 2 lan so vdi

dat xap xi 6,0% tong tieu thu ni%

cua Trung Quoc nam 2010 (mdc GDP

lupng. He so dan hoi dien/GDP binh

tren mdt dau ngudi nam 2010 ciia

quan nam 2011 - 2015 cua Viet Nam

Ngan hang The gidi (WB), U^ong mdt
nghien cdu nam 2013 lien quan den
chi so tang trudng, da so sanh cudng
dp nang lupng cua 3 nhdm quoc gia
gom: cac quoc gia thu nhap cao; thu
nhap trung binh; va thu nhap thap.
Nhdm cac nudc thu nhap cao nhu My
va Nhat sd dung nang lupng rat hifu
qua va cd xu hudng cai thien tot hem
trong tuong lai. Nhdm nudc thu nhap

quoc gia nay tucftig duong cua Viet Nam

la 1,85 cao gap ddi so vdi cic mik

nam 2030).

trong khu vuc Chau A (h$ so din hoi
dien binh quan cua cac nudc Thai-

trung binh, cudng dp nang lupng cd xu

Chuong trinh Muc tieu quoc ^ a ve Sif

hudng tang ban dau nhung sau do

dung nang lupng Tiet kiem va hieu qua

giam dan, Ngupc lai, cac nudc cd thu

Singapore la 0,97). De thifc hif n dii«

giai doan 2012-2015 dat muc tieu tiet

nhap thap (dudi 1,000 USD tren dau

chien lupc cua Chinh phu Viet Nam li

kiem 8-10% tong nang lupng tieu thu

ngudi) cd xu hudng giam sau mot giai

tdi nam 2020 se giam he sh dan hoi

ca nudc, tuong duong 11- 17 trigu

dien/GDP xuong cdn 1,0 (theo quyil

N A N G LUONG VIET N A M (s6 130 thang 3/2016)

li

Land, Malaysia, Philipines, Indonesia,


^

BAO T 6 N NANG LUQNG |

dinh 1208/QD-TTg ngay 21/07/2011

chua dua vao ke hoach hda, do dd du

doi mdi cdng nghe va quan ly tot dam

cua Thil tudng Chinh phii phe duygt

bao nhu cau dien nang cdn qua cao.

bao sif dung ti^t kiem hieu qua nang

Quy hoach phat trien dign luc qu6c gia

Neu giam dupe nhu cau nay do tiet

lupng. Ba Nguy Thj khanh, Giam doc

giai doan 2011 - 2020 cd xet den nam

kiem dien nang sd dung se giam dupe

GreenID cho rang, can thay ddi co cau

2030), nudc ta can cd nhieu hanh

viec x3y dung cac nha may nhiet dign

nen kinh te theo hudng tap trung phSt

dong thiet thuc vi quyet liet hon niJa.

dot than. Di^u nay dong nghia vdi giam

trien cac nganh sd dung hieu qua nang

Chi tieu thap htm tiem n a n g

nhieu chi phi dau tu, giam nhap khau

lupng, han che nhdng nganh sd dung

Nudc ta cd Luat sif dyng nang lupng

than, giam phat thai khi nha kinh,

nhieu nang lutfng, hieu qua kinh le

tiet kiem va hieu qua va chuong trinh

giam ap luc mdi trudng va nang cao an

thap thay vi co gang dap dng nhu cau

muc tieu quoc gia nhung hieu qua

ninh nang lupng.

nang lupng.

thuc te chua cao. Viec sit dung nang
Viet Nam la 1 trong 5 qudc gia chiu

lupng tiet kiem va hieu qua mdi chi

451.000 kWh

dupe coi n h u giai phap khuyen khich,

La san Idong dien tiet kim dm trong 1

GDP hang nam thiet hai khoang 1,5%

gid tat den d Viet Nam, toi ngay 19/3,

do thien tai va ca t^c dong cua bien ddi

chua bat budc dua vao ke hoach, do dd
d i n den du bao nhu cau dien cao va
tiep tuc tang cong suat phat dien m ^
de dap dng nhu cau dien, Thuc te, neu
giam dupe nhu cau niy do sd dung tiet
kiem va higu qua nang lupng se giam
dupe xay dung mdi cac nha may nhigt
dien dot than, giam nhieu chi phi dau
m, nhap khau than, giam phat thai khi
nha kinh, giam ap luc mdi trudng, dim
bao nSng cao an ninh nang lupng.
Quy hoach dien VII dat uu tign v^o
muc tieu phat tri^n kinh t^, chua quan
tam dung mdc d^n vai trd cua sd dung
nang lupng tiet kiem trong viec dap
dng nhu c i u dien, Theo Trung tim
Phat trien Sang tao Xanh (GreenID),
quan niem "cac tac dong ve mdi
trudng va xa hdi do phat trien dien la
khdng th^ tr^nh khdi" trong Bao cao
Danh gia mdi trudng chien lupc
(DMC) ciia Quy hoach dien Vli cho
thay rd uu tifin trgn, Dieu nay the hien
trong phuong an lua chpn ty trpng
dien than chiem 56% trong tong san
lupng dien vao nam 2030. Su lua chpn
nay gay ap luc 1 ^ doi vdi mdi trudng
an ninh nang lupng quoc gia trong boi
canh Viet Nam chju anh hudng nang

ne ciia bien doi khi hau.
Quy hoach dien VII dat ra chi tieu doi
vdi sd dung tiet kiem v^ hieu qua nang
lupng cdn thap (td 1 - 3 %/nam),
trong khi tiem nang trong mang nay
cdn kha Idn, Tiet kiem va sir dung hieu
qua dien nang chi la khuyen khich.

trongsifkien6idTrdidat2016.

nhieu tac dong cua bien doi khi hau.

Idii hau, Theo kjch ban ve bien doi khf
hau, cuoi the ky nay, tdc la nam 2100

Viec udc tfnh tiem nang sd dung nang
lucttig tiet kiem va hieu qua trong Quy
hoach dien VII thap hon so vdi ti^m
nang thuc te, bdi chi ddi theo Chuong
trinh Muc tieu Quoc gia ve Sd dung
Nang lupng Tiet kiem va Higu qua cua
Bp Cdng thuong, Theo dd, muc tigu
cua chuong trinh nay la tiet kiem tit
3%-5% tit 2006-2010 vi tit 5%-8% ttf
2012-2015 tuong duong vdi 11 trieu
den 17 trigu toe dau quy doi. Dua vao
muc tieu nay trong QHD VII, Bd Cong
Thuong udc tinh tiem nang tiet kiem
dupe lua chpn td 1%/nam den
3%/nam tuy theo tiing nganh va tong

tiet kiem trong giai doan 2011-2020 la
8%-10% (udc tfnh khoang 207 ty EWh
trong 10 nam). Trong khi do, tiem
nang sd dung nang lupng tiet kiem va
hieu qua cua Viet Nam dupe cac td
chdc quoc t^ udc tinh cao hem nhieu
so vdi Quy hoach dien VII. Theo mot
nghien cdu cua ADB, tiem nang tiet
kiem ca phia cau va phia cung lan lupt
la 14,3 ty KWh/nam va 4,1 ty KWh/nam
vao nam 2015; 58 ty KWh/nam va 17,1
ty KWh/nam vao nam 2025. Nhu vay, rd
rang rang tiem nang sif dung nang
lufflig tiet kiem va hieu qua d Viet Nam
la kha Idn.

thi nhiet dp trung binh cua nudc ta se
tang 2-3 dp C va muc nudc bien cd the
cao len khoang Im so vdi giai doan
1980 den 1999. Neu nudc bien tang len
cao Im, tinh trang ngap ung se diln ra
tren dien rpng, Dong bang sdng Cdu
Long se ngap den 39% dien tfch, thanh
pho Ho Chi se ngap khoang 20% dien
tich, cac tinh dong bang sdng Hdng cd
bien ngap khoang 10%, cac tinh mien
Trung khoang 3%. 10% dan so Vi^t
Nam cijng se chiu tac dong true tiep
cua bien ddi khf hau. "Viet Nam van
cam ket giam 8% lupng phat thai khf

nha kfnh vao nam 2030", Thu tudng
Chfnh Phu Nguydn Tan Dung khang
dinh tai Hdi nghi Ian thd 21 cac ben
tham gia Cong udc khung ciia Lien Hpp
Quoc ve bien ddi khi hau (COP 21) tai
Paris, Phap.
Vdi phuong cham "Hanh dpng nhd, y
nghia Idn", Chien djch Gid Trai Dat
2016 chinh thdc dupe khcrt dpng ngay
5/3 tai Ha Ndi, da phat di thdng diep:
Mdi ngudi dan Y\et Nam hay bao ve mdi
trudng bat dau tif nhdng hanh dpng
nhd, mpi luc, moi noi nhu (tat cac
thiet fai dien khi khdng sd dung, sd
dung nguon nudc, nang lupng, dien

Quy hoach dien khdng chi n h i m thda

mot each hieu qua va tiet k i e m . . . ) .

man nhu cau cua nen kinh te va dan

Hay chung tay tiet kiem dien, cung

sinh ma can phai dua ra dinh hudng

nhau bao ve mdi trudng,

d l sao cho nen kinh te, cac n

SONG ANH

N A N G L U O N G VIET N A M (sd 130 t h a n g 3/2016)

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