Giảm nhẹ và thích ứng biến đổi khí hậu để phát triển bền vững kinh tế biển và hải đảo Việt Nam

NHUNG VAN BE XA H O I
OSi-l

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GIAM NHE VA THICH UNG VOI BIEN DOl KHI HAU
DE PHAT TRIEN BEN VUNG KINH TE BIEN
VA HAI DAO VIET NAM
# CHU PH^M NGOC HlfiN
Thtt trttdng Bd Tdi nguyin vd Mdi trttdng
k iln ddi khi hdu (BDKH), ntfde biln ddng hdn nhi|t d$ mfla he vd nhi|t dp d cdc vflng khi
^(NBD) dd vd dang xay ra, cd tdc ddng rdt hdu phia Bdc tdng nhanh hon cae vung khi hdu
du tdi tdi nguyin, mdi trfldng biln, vflng phia Nam. Nhiing ndm gdn ddy, bdo ed cfldng dd
bd biln vd hai ddo nfldc ta. Dl gidm thilu manh xuit hi|n nhilu hpn; sd i^dy ndng ndng
nhflng tdc hji cfla BDKH, NBD, phdt triln bin gia tang. Quy d^o bao ed diu hieu djch ehuyin
vflng kinh tl bien, vung bd biln vd hdi ddo Vi|t ddn vIphiaNamvamflabaokIt thflc mudn hon,
Nam, d n xdy dting vd thflc hi|n cdc giai phdp nhilu con bdo cd dtfdng di dj thtfdng hem. Miic
thich ting vdi BDKH. Trong dd, ehfl trpi^ thtic nfldc tnmg binh vflng ven biln Vi|t Nam da taiig'
hi|n nhflng gidi phdp 'Ididng hdi tile" vdi tinh khodng 2,8 mm/nam. Cdc ket quit i^hien ctiu cfla
khd thi cao, chi phi thap nhflng hi|u qua mang Bd Tai nguyin vd Mdi trfldng cung cho thdy nhiet
lai tdt hon.
dp nfldc biln ven bd tang dai^ kl, nhdt Id t^
1. BDKH tai vflng biln, vung bd biln vd hdi ddo nhflng khu vtic khd kin nhfl khu vtic gin bd trong
vjnh Bac Bd vd vjnh Thdi Lan.
ViltNam
Bdo edo etta Uy ban Liln chinh phfl vl BDKH Nhfl v|y, ed the ndi BDKH vdi cdc bieu hi|n
(IPCC) (1) nam 2012 cho thay trong vdng 132 efla nd Id sti gia tdng nlii|t dp vd NBD tiang hi|n
nam gdn ddy (1880 - 2012), nhi|t dd khdng khi hflu trin todn thi gidi vd d Vt|t Nam. Do dd, rdt
tdng khodi^ 0,85''C. Nhiet dd khdng khi tdng d n phdi hieu dttng vl cdc tdc ddng ctia BDKH
gin nhtf trin todn d u vd tfly theo khu vtlc mflc vd NBD dl xdy dting d c gidi phdpflngphd,
tang ndm trong khodng ttt 0,65°C tdi 1,06''C. nham gidm thilu d c tdc ddng xdu ndy phtjc vu

Nhi|t dd ntfde biln tang chfl ylu trong ldp mat phdt ttiln bin vflng kmh tl biln Vt|t Nam.
vdi tdc dd tang trung bmh cfla nhi|t dd ldp nfldc 2. Cac kit qui ngjiiln ciilu, danh gid vl cdc tac
cd dd ddy 75m gdn mat biln trong 40 nam gan ddngxlo cua BDKH tdi vflng biln, vflng bd b i ^
ddy (1971-2010) Id 0,irCttongmdt thdp niin. vd hai ddo Vi|t Nam
Mtic nfldc bien todn eau tang tnmg binh trong
BDKH vd NBD ed tdc ddng rdt ldn tdi ddi ven
khodng thdi gian 10namganddyld3nun/ndm. biln. Vflng bd biln vd hdi ddo Id khu vtic se chiu
d Vi|t Nam, kit qud danh gid cfla Bd Tdi thilt hai nhilu nhlL Thdng thfldng, BDKH vd
nguyin vd Mdi tnidi^ (2) eho thdy trong 50 nam NBD tai vflng bd biln khdng ldm nay sinh ra dc
qua (1958 - 2007), nhi|t dd trung bhih nam tdng van dl mdi md chi lam ttam trpng hon cdc vdn
lln khodng 0,5°C. Nhi|t dd mfla ddng tdng nhanh dl dang tdn t ^ Thi dlj, xdi Id t^ mdt vj tti ttIn
62

TUYEN GlA0S6 10-2015


NHUNG VAN D6 XA HOI
bd bien hoac hdi dao thfldng xdy ra khi m i t d n
bdng bfln d t vdi Iflpng cung d p bfln d t It hdn
lupng mdt dL BOii xdy ra hi?n tUpng NBD do
BDKH, dp sdu nfldc tgi bd se tang lln, klo theo
sfl gia tang dd cao sdng gin bd, dSn tdi gia tang
lupng bfln d t bi van chuyin di. Trong khi do,
lupng bun d t mang den mdt khu vUc biln php
thupe vdo ngudn cung d p vd thudng la khdng
ddi, thdm chi gin ddy cdn bi gidm di do d c dap
dflpc xdy mdi tten thflpng ngudn cdc con sdng
vd do khai thdc d t bda bai tai d c khu vUc ven
biln vd cfla song. Do vdy, sU thilu hpt bdn cat
dupe tang cUdng vd hdu qud Id xdi id se gia tang.

Tai khu vUc bd biln dang cd hdng loat d c v&i
dl d n dupe gidi quylt nhU thien tai ed ngudn
gde bi&i (bao, nUde ddng, sdng Idn, trilu
efldng,v.v..), nggp lut, hgn hdn, xdi Id bd biln,
xdm nhgp mgn, d nhiem vd suy thoai mdi
trfldng, V.V.. BDKH vd NBD se lam tram trpi^
hdn eac van d l tten, ldm tdng khd nang tdn
thfldng do thien tai cho todn nfldc \^?t Nam,
dgc bi?t Id vung ven bien. Cac nghien edu cho
thiy nlu mflc nfldc biln dang Im, mpt phin ldn
di?n tieh d c tinh d khu vflc Bac Bp vd mpt di?n
tich rat ldn tai khu vflc ddng bang Nam Bp cd
cao dp mgt dat thap hdn mflc nfldc trung binh,
se bj nggp Ipt ngng n l u vd dl.
NBD cd t h i gay hgu qua i^hiem ttpi^ tdi tdi
i ^ y l n thiin nhiin vung bd bien va hai dao.
Cdc vung ^ t mau md ven biln se cd khd nang
bi nggp li^t hoae nhiem mgn. Cae d n h ddng
nudi tdm, cua cd the phai di chuyin tdi nhflng
ndi khdc. Cdc dgc trflng eua d e khu vflc ldn can
khdng bj i ^ p Ipt thfldng xuyen cd t h i bj anh
hfldng vd do vay ckc khu vflc ndy khdng cdn phd
hpp cho sdn xuit ndng nghi?p. Thi dp, edng tdc
d p ndde tfldi cho d y ttdng cd t h i bj dnh hddng
n ^ l m ttpng do gia tang xdm nhdp mgn, dac
bi|t la xdm nhdp man vao d c cda sdng vd vdo
d c tang nfldc i ^ l m . Cdc vflng bi&i ven bd biln
vd ven cdc hdi ddo ed till bj thay ddi do thay ddi
c h l dp trilu vd d d i ^ chdy Da dang smh hpc tai

vflng bd bien vd ven d c hdi ddo ed the bi suy
giam mgnh vd cdc khu vflc sinh sdng dac thd
cda d d i ^ vdt biln cd t h i biln m i t Cdc kit qud
quan trdc cho thiy rang tang dp mudi gdy ra sfl
thay ddi td td ttong phdn bd cae lodi thflc v$.t
ttong rfllng ng^p mgn. Dilu nay dan tdi sfl suy
giam hay biln m i t hodn toan eua rflng nggp
mgn tgi d c khu vUc thip. Khu vflc cd rflng ng|p
mgn cdng bj suy gjdm cdng bj dnh hfldng manh
bdi xdm nh|ip mgn vd xdi Id vd cdng tdng kha
nang tdn thfldi^ do thien tai nfldc ddng bao.
Cdc bdi cdt Id khu vflc d c loai rfla bien de
trflng cd t h i bj i ^ p . Gia tang nhi|t dp nfldc
biln vd nang ndng da gdy ra hi|n tflpng tay trdng
san hd tiln di|n rpng. Ngodi ra, rgn san hd eung
se bj suy gidm do h i | n tflpng a xit hda dgi
dfldng, gjdm dp pH (nUdc biln bj chua hod) vd
ngip sdu hdn. Ngudn nUdc ngpt smh hogt ven
bien vd d c hdi ddo da bj dnh hUdng manh bdi
xam nhap man. Ddn cU sinh sdng ttIn cae vflng
bd biln yk hdi dao de bi tdn thfldng do ng$p Ipt
va xdi Id bd biln dang vd se phdi di ddi. Nhilu
edng tiinh xay dflng ven bien se bj xdi Id ldm
mit cdng nang sfl dpng. Trong tfldng lai, cflng
vdi stf gia tang cfla mflc nfldc, se cd rit nhieu
dan cfl vung ven biln vd ven d e hai ddo phdi di
ddi, ldm tang dp lpc khai thdc dit dai vd se ldm
gia tang ngn phd rflng de ldm nhd vd ttdng trpt.
Kit qua eda pha rflng Id da dgng sinh hpc se bi
suy gidm, xdi Id gia tang, ng^p Ipt vd nhilm mgn

ttd n i n nghiim ttpng hdn.
3. Cdc gidi phdp dbgphd vdi BDKH d l phuc vp
phat triln b i n vii!ng kinh t l biln, vdng bd biln
vd hdi ddo ViltNam
Cde tinh toan ttIn till gidi cho thiy thi^t hgi
do BDKH cd t h i rit dang k l n l u nhfl d c gidi
phdp khdng dflpc thflc hi|n d l gidm thilu hoge
tiiich flng vdi BDKH. Trin tiifle te, cdc nd Iflc
giam thilu BDKH rit khd dflpc ttiln khai vd
hi|n tgi d e tdc ddng xlu cda BDKH dd xay ra
cdng vdi BDKH nin vi?e tiiich flng Id d n tiult.
Mdt trong nhflng logi gidi phdp quan ttpng
TUYEN GlAO S(5 10-2015

63


NHUNG VAN D^ XA HOi

Trdng rdng ngdp man la biin phdp hdu hiiu di ngdn Id bdt thUdng
nhit de thiehflngvdi cac tdc ddng ed hai eua cung mpt khu vflc hiin, vung bd biln va hdi dao
BDKH vd NBD la logi gidi phap "khdng hdi cd thi ed nhdng mau thudn, xui^ dpt vl lpi ich
tile". Nhflng giai phap thudc logi ndy se giai (phat triln du lich cd the mdutiiulnvdi bdo tdn;
quylt nhflng vdn dl dang tdn tai, do vay tang nudi trdng mdu thuSn vdi danh bit thdy sdn, bao
cfldng nang Iflc cua d c he thdng tfl nhiin vd xa tdn, v.v..). Ngoai ra, bien Id mdi trfldng tfl nhiin
hdi dl dng phd vdi nhflng tae ddng ed hai cd cd tinh hin thdng nin nhilu ehde nang cung
till ed efla BDKH vd NBDtix)ngtddng lai. Do dupc thflc hi|n tren mpt khu vUe nhd. Cdc diflc
tinh khdng chae chdn vl d c dilu kiln khi hgu ndng eda d e vung ven ddo dUpc dinh nghia Id
ttong tfldng lai theo cae kieh ban BDKH vd khd nang efla mdi trUdi^ tU nhien ttong vi|c
NBD, vile dp dung cdc gidi phap "khdng hdi cung d p sdn phim yk djch vu, dap dng nhu du

tile" se ludn ed ldi, bdo dam khai thdc, sd dung cda con ngddi mpt deh ben vdng. Cdc ngdnh
hdp ly tdi nguyin, bdo vl mdi trUdng ^^ d c he kmh ti ttIn dao phdt triln bang d d i khai thac
sinh thai biln phuc vu phdt triln bin vflng. Cdc cde chflc ndng nlu ttln. Day Id d e hogt dpng
ngdnh vd dflpc qudn ly^ bang cdc lu^t chuyen
gidi phdp do Id:
ngdnh. Cdc n^nh ndi ehung diu ed xu hfldi^ ^i
Thd nhdt, dp dungphUdng thdc qudn If tdng
hdp tdi nguyin, mdi trUdngbiin, vimgbdbiin da
vd hda lpi ich cfla ngdnh minh md khdng quan
tam ^ d c ldi ich chung mpt ddi tdn^ the. Do
hdi ddo theo cdchtiipcdn hi sinh thdi.
Biln, vdng bd biln vd hdi ddo thflc chlft: Id mpt dd, thilu sd dieu phdi chung vd mdt sd ehflc nang
h? thdng nhilu ngudn tdi nguyin; cung d p cfla vung bien, hdi ^ o cd thi bj khai thdc qua
khdng gian, de tai nguyen suih hpc va phi smh mdc, din tdi cgn ki|t tdi nguyin dfl trfl, mit di
hpc cho con ngfldi, dilu hda mdi trfldi^ td nhiin tilm nar^ day du cda ehflng. I^t qua Id ldm nay
ciing nhfl nhdn tao. Tgi d c khu vflc ndy ed nhieu sinh cdc xung ddt Ngodi qudn lytiieongdnh, vi^
ngfldi edi^ khai thdc, sd dyng eac i ^ d n tdi qudn 1;^ biln vd hdi ddo vdn dflpctiiflchi|n tiieo
r^uyln. Dae bi|t, biln, vung bd biln vd hdi d&.olanhtiidhdnh chlnh. Vi|e qudn I^ vflng bd biln
ed gid trj rit ldn vl tdi nguyin du ljch, da dgng theo lanh thd da ldm chia d t d e h | thdng tdi
smh hpc va d e h | smh thdi Cde hogt dpng trin nguyin, dde bi?t Id cdc h | smh thdi biln quan
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TUY^N GlAO S<5 10-2015


NHUNG VAN bt U UOl
trpng nhfl san hd, cd bien theo dja gidi hdnh
chinh, khdi^ ddm bdo sfl Uln tpc tinh todn ven
cua hetiidngtdi nguyin, thilu sfl phdi hpp trong
bao ve mdi trfldng vd d e he siiih thdi bi&i, Id

nguyen nhan gay ra sfl suytiioditai nguyin, ckc
he sinh thai biln vd d nhiem mdi trfldng.
Vdi tinh chit Id mdt mdi trfldi^ Uln tue, nen
cd yan di rit d n dflpc qudn ly Id d nhilm mdi
trfldng xuyen bien gidi, Uln tinh, nhit Id d
nhiem diu. \^le quan Iy mdi trfldng vd d c he
anh thdi biln trong nhilu trfldng hpp phdi dflpc
thflc hi|n ttln pham vi nhilu dia phfldng. Vdi
ly do ndy, hpp tac gifla d e dia phfldng vd hpp
tac qudc tlttongqudn ly tdi nguyen, moi trddng
bien Id mdt van dl d n dUde nhin mgnh va quan
tam thich dang.
Phdt triln kinh te - xa hdi tten eae d e vflng
biln, ven bien vd hdi ddo da mang lai nhflng
ldi ieh rit to Idn, nhflng cung mang lgi nhflng
he luy rit ldn cho tdi nguyen va mdi trUdng
bien. Vi|c khai thdc qua mflc, ddi khi bang
each hu^ di|t rit nhilu ngudn tai nguyin, dgc
bi?t Id tai nguyin sinh vat bien, da gdy ra suy
thodi, can kilt ngudn tdi nguyin. Quy hoach
khai thae, sd dpng tdi nguyen bien khdng cd
cd sd khoa hpc, hoae khdng cd quy hogeh
eung ldm suy thoai tram ttpng tdi nguyen, dgc
bi|t la tdi nguyen vflng bd biln. Lflpng chat
thai rit ldn tfl eae ngudn thdi khdng dflpc
kilm sodt tren dao vd tten biln dd gay d
nhilm, suy thoai trim ttpng mdi trfldng bien
vd huy hogi hi sinh thdi biln.
Chfldng trinh Nghj sfl 21 thdng qua tgi Hpi
n ^ j Thupng dmh Trai dat vl Mdi trUdng vd

Phat triln tai Rio de Janerio 1992 da thfla nh|n
quan ly tdng hpp vdr^ bd biln Id mpt deh tilp
c|n thich hpp cho phat triln bin vflng va keu
gpi d e qude gia ed biln dp dpng phUdng thflc
nay de giai quylt nhiing vin de d d c vflng bd
bien tgi thdi diim hi|n tgi eung nhUttongtUdng
lai. 6 Vi|t Nam, phUdng thdc quan ly nay da
dupc till chl hda va dang dupc dp dpng.

Dl thflc hien qudn 1^ tdng hdp theo cddi tiep
can h | sinh th^, d n lap vd thUc hien quy
hogch, kl hogch sd dung biln vd quy hoach
tdng thi khai thdc, sd dung bin viing tdi nguyen
vflng bd biln vd kl hogch quan ly tdng hpp tai
nguyin va bdo v | mdi trUdng vung bd biln. Ap
dpng qudn I^ tdng hpp biln, vung bd biln vd
hdi ddo se giup phpc hdi nhilu h | sinh thai biln
quan ttpng nhd h | sinh thai rgn san hd, thdm
ed bien, rdng nggp man vd giup tang eUdng kha
ndng hip thp cde khi nhd kinh, gdp phin giam
tiiilu tdc ddng cda BDKH va NBD. Gidi phap
ndy cd hi?u qud ngay ed khi BDKH vd NBD
khdng xdy ra, vd se hi|u qua hdn khi sfl dpng
nd de dng phd vdi BDKH vd NBD. Do vdy, day
phdi Id gidi phdp "khdng hdi tile".

Thd hai, hodn thiin hi thSng vdn bdn phdp
ludt, tdng cUdng hiiu lUc qudn If nhd nUdc vi biin
vd hdi ddo.
Hien tai, ^^|t Nam da cd mpt h | thdng ludt

phpc vp qudn If ngdnh vl biln va hdi ddo nhfl
Lu^t Dit dai, Luat Bao v| mdi trfldng, Bd Lu^t
Hdng hai, Luat Thuy sdn, Ludt Khoang san, Luat
Da dgng sinh hpe vd d c lu^t khdc cdng d c van
bdn dudi lu^it. Cde van bdn phdp lugt Uln quan
tdi qudn ly tdng hpp vd thdng nhat bien vd hdi
dao Id Luit Biln Vi|t Nam, Lu^t Tdi nguyin,
mdi trfldng bien vd hdi ddo vd mdt sd van bdn
dfldi luat khdc. Hi|n tgi, Bd Tdi nguyin vd Mdi
trfldng dang xdy dflng quy hogdi, kl hogch sfl
dpng biln cfla d nfldc ttinh Chinh phd, Qudc
hpi xem xet, phi duy|t. Ngodi ra, Chinh phd da
ban hanh Nghj dinh quy djnh vl vi|c giao khu
vflc biln eho td chflc, d nhdn khai thde, sd
dung tdi nguyin biln vd mdt sd van bdn dfldi
ludt khdc. Ngodi d c van bdn nlu ttln, d n tilp
tuc nghien cflu, xay dflng d c van ban dfldi ludt
vd rd sodt cdc van bdn phap lu|t phpc vp qudn
ly nganh vl d e hoat ddng qudn ly, khai thdc, sfl
dpng tdi nguyin, bdo v| mdi trfldng biln vd hdi
dao dl trdnh d c chdng ehio, mdu thudn vd
nhflng ke hd trong quan 1^.
TUYEN GlAO S6 10-2015

65


NHCNG VXN fit XA HOI
Tdm lai, gidi phap hodn thi?n h i tiidng ran ban cd ban, nghiin cdu khoa hpe d l xac djnh quy
p h ^ lugt, tang cfldi^ hieu lUc qudn ly nhd nUdc md, hien trgi^ d c he smh thdi biln, phdn tich

vl biln vd hai ddo cflng Id gidi p h ^ "khdng hdi chflc ndng cda t d i ^ khu vflc bien; tfl dd, dUa ra
tile" de dng phd hilu qua vdi BDKH vd NBD. d c gidi phdp qudn 1^ phfl hpp. Vi|c qudn 1^ d n
Giai p h ^ ndy bao gdm 3 diim dihih sau ddy:
dupc thflc h i | n theo d e h hodn thi|n h | thdng
Mdt Id, rd sodt cdc van bdn phdp luat phuc vu van bdn phdp lu^t phpc vu qudn ly^ vd tuyin
qudn ly ngdnh vd quan ly tdng hdp vl d c hogt truyen, v | n dpng d c td chdc, cd nhan Uln quan
ddng qudn 1^, khai tiidc, sfl dung tdi nguyin, bdo tham gja tich cflc vdo qud trlnh qudn Iy.
ve mdi trfldng biln vd hai ddo d d c d p Trung
fldng vd d p tinh de de xuit UBND tinh dilu
chinh, trdnh d e chdng cheo, mau thuan vd
nhdng ke hd trong qudn \f;

Thd tu, ndng cdp cd sd ha tdng trin cdc huyin
ddo didngphd hiiu qud vdi BDKH vd NBD.
NBD cd khd nang gdy gia tang ngap Ipt vd xdi
Id tgi d e khu vUc ven biln, dae bi|t tai cdc khu
Hai Id, nghiin eflu, xdy dflng vd ban hdnh cdc vUc dit thip d ddng bdng Bae Bp, ddng bang
ran ban dfldi Ludt Tdi nguyin, mdi trfldng biln Nam Bd vk mpt sd khu vUc mien Trui^. Do v$y,
vd hai ddo va Lugt Bien Vilt Nam de d e luat nay d n xay dflng d c cdng trinh de bdo v§ bd bien,
nhanh chdng di vao thflc tiln, phdt huy hilu qud ehdng xdi Id vd ngap lut Vi BDKH vd NBD la
mdt qud ttinh ldu ddi nen vile xay dflng cdc
tdt nhit;
Ba Id, rd sodt, nhanh chdng hoan thi|n cdc cdng trinh d n dUpc ldm tfl td, khdng d n ldm
van bdn phdp l i 4 t d c quy hogch, k l hogch Uln ngay mdt ldc. Dilu ndy se gjup tilt ki|m quy d i t
quan tdi quan ly nhd nfldc tdng h ^ vd thdng chi phi xdy dflng de vd ttanh dupe rdi ro vl mflc
nhit biln vd hdi dao tren d e vung Men, bd biln dp bit djnh eua d c dU bao ve BDKH vd NBD
vd hdi ddo Vipt Nam. Chu trpng nhat d c quy trong tUdng lai.
hoaeh, ke hoaeh khai thdc, sd dpng tai nguyin
Ngodi ra, d n cd tiilm mdt sd gjdi phdp thich
biln vd vflng bd bien, ckc van bdn phdp lugt liln flng "khdng hdi tile" nhfl: tar^ cfldng bdo v§ tdi

quan tdi qudn ly, bdo tdn da dgng sinh hpe vd nguyin nUdc; tdng cfldng dao tao, tuyin truyin,
d c h | sinh thdi bien.
phd bien ki&i tiiflc cho cdn bd chinh quyln vd
Thd ba, tdng cUdng qudn If cdc khu bdo tdn
bien, bdo vi vd Midi phuc cdc hi sinh thdi biin vd
ven bd ddo.
Hi|n tgi, d e he sinh thai biln, vflng bd biln
vd hdi ddo Vi|t Nam dang bj suy thodi nghiem
ttpng do danh bit qua mflc, ddi khi bang d e
hinh thde hdy di|t va d nhiem mdi trfldng, mit
smh d n h . Vdi nhfllig tac ddng cda BDKH vd
NBD, d c h? smh thdi ndy se tilp tpc bj suy tiiodi
Vi v^y, cdng tae bao tdn vd phpc hdi cdc h | suih
thai biln vd ven biln cd tim quan ttpng d p thilt
Vi qudn ly tdng hpp biln vd hdi ddo theo d e h
tilp cgn h? sinh thai chi cd thi tiidnh cdng neu
nhfl d c h | smh tiidi dflpc qudn 1^ mpt d e h tdng
the theo todn bp h | smh thdi md bj khdng d t
rdi, chia nhd nen d n thflc hi|n cdng tac dilu tra

66

TUY£NGIAOS(5IO-2015

ngfldi ddn sd tai v l flng phd vdi BDKH vd NBD;
hd trd vi kinh phi, ho trd khoa hge kf thudt vd
xdy dung CO chi tdi chinh, ddu tu diich hdp dixoa
ddi, gidm n^io, tqo sinh keben vdng eho eU ddn
ven biin.
Trong dilu ki|n ngudn ldc han chl nhU h i ^

nay, d n thflc hi|n tflng bfldc cdc gjdi p h ^ thich
flng vdi BDKH vd NBD, trong dd chfl tipng tiiflc
hiin nhiing gidi phdp "khdng hdi tile" vdi tinh
khd thi eao, ehi phi thip nhflng hi|u qud •

(1) IPCC: Climate change 2013, The Physical
Sdence Basis, Contribution of WGL
(2) Bp Tdi nguyin vd Mdi trfldng: IGdi bdn BDKH
vd NBD 2009,2012.