Tiểu luận hóa học: Dạy học bài axit nitric bằng tiếng anh

LESSON: NITRIC ACID
A. OBJECTIVES
- Outline molecular structure, physical properties (state, color, density, solubility),
application of HNO3
- HNO3 is one of the strongest acids.
- HNO3 is a very strong oxidizer: oxidizes most metals, some non-metals, many
inorganic and organic compounds.
- Predict chemical properties, test predictions by experiment and draw conclusions.
- Observing experiments, photos ..., drawing comments on the properties of HNO 3.
- Writing chemical equations of reduced molecular and ionic formations illustrating
the chemical properties of concentrated and dilute HNO3.
B. VOCABULARY
Tiếng Anh

Tiếng Việt

Tiếng Anh

Tiếng Việt

nitric acid.

axit nitric.

physical properties

tính chất vật lí

Modulation
method

Phương pháp điều
solubility
chế

độ tan

phòng thí nghiệm

boiling point

điểm sôi

trong công nghiệp

very soluble

tan tốt

laboratory
in industry
Teacher activities

Hoạt động của giáo the light
viên

ánh sáng

Student activities

Hoạt động của học protect

sinh

bảo quản

molecular formula công thức phân tử

liquid

structural formula

Observing
phenomenon

Acidity
cause

công thức cấu tạo

Colorless gas

Tính axit

chất lỏng
the

quan sát hiện
tượng

khí không màu

browning in the air. hóa nâu trong
không khí.

gây ra

1


Oxidation

phản ứng oxi hóa

highest
chemotherapy

water vapour

hơi nước

oxygen

Excess

dùng dư

oxidation number

Chemical
properties

reaction equation

prove
observe
color

Mixture
unstable
gunpowder

passive

Nước
thủy

transport

tính chất hóa học

protective
phương trình phản
film
ứng

oxide

material

quan sát

several stages

màu sắc

Application

hỗn hợp

nitrogen fertilizer

không bền

dye

thuốc nổ

C. EXPRESSIONS

2

cường

vận chuyển

white precipitate

chứng minh

oxi
thụ động

Aqua regia

số oxihóa

hóa trị cao nhất

lớp màng oxit
bảo vệ

kết tủa trắng
nguyên liệu
mấy giai đoạn
Ứng dụng
phân đạm
phẩm nhuộm


to be soluble/insoluble in...

tan/không tan trong...

to be responsible for

gây ra bởi

at room temperature

ở nhiệt độ phòng

at standard temperature and pressure (s.t.p.)

ở điều kiện tiêu chuẩn

to take part in

tham gia (phản ứng)

to burn in air

cháy trong không khí

to be produced = to be formed

được tạo ra

to be oxidized

bị oxi hóa

to be reduced

bị khử

to be broken down to

bị phân hủy thành

to be kept tightly corked

được nút chặt

to be (left) exposed to air

được để ra ngoài không khí

D. PLAN OF TEACHING
CONTENT
Activity 1: Molecular structure

TEACHING ACTIVITIES
A. NITRIC ACID:

Capacity development: The ability to

I. Molecular structure:

use chemical language and problem-

- CTPT: HNO3

solving ability through the subject.

- CTCT:

- Teacher: Ask hs to give CTPT and
write CTCT of HNO3 molecule.
- Hs: Answer
Activity 2: Physical properties

II. Physical properties: Textbooks

Capacity development: The ability to - Colorless liquid, fuming in moist air.
use chemical language.
- Teacher: Ask Hs to observe and study
the lesson content in the textbook, - Easily prone to heat or light decay →
drawing out the physical properties of yellow dd.
HNO.
Hs: Indicate the state, color, durability
of water solubility, concentration of - Soluble in water at any rate, D = 1,53g /
concentrated HNO3 solution and cm3, ts = 860C.

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specific gravity.
- Teacher: Comments, additions and
conclusions.
Activity 3: General comments on the III. Chemical properties:
chemical properties of HNO3

- HNO3 → H + NO3- => is a strong acid

Capacity development: The ability to → The highest OXH number can only be
use chemical language, the ability to reduced => oxidation
solve problems through subjects, the
ability to apply chemical knowledge to
life.
- Teacher: Ask students to write the
electrolyte equation of HNO3 and

determine the oxidation number of N
in the HNO3 molecule → Predict
properties?
- Hs: Answer
Activity 4: Acidity of HNO3

1. Acidity: HNO3 is a strong acid

Capacity development: The ability to - Kneeling purple, works with basic
use chemical language, teamwork oxides, bases, salts of weak acids.
capacity and ability to write chemical A strong acid with all the properties of an
equations
- Teacher: Ask students to discuss and
state the general chemistry of acid?

acid:
HNO3 → H + NO3-

- Hs: Discuss and state the chemical makes red kneel, works with weaker
properties: Change the color of purple oxides, bases, salts of acid.
anemone to red, works with basic
oxides, bases, salts of weaker acids,
with metals.

Ví dụ:
2HNO3 + MgO → Mg(NO3)2 + H2O

- Teacher: Ask students to complete the
first 4 properties in notebooks.
- Teacher: If students are properties of

metals will not produce H2, so they
will be explored in the next section.

2HNO3 +Ca(OH)2 →Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
2HNO3 +CaCO3 → Ca(NO3)2 +CO2 +
H2O

4


Hs: Listening to come home to
perfection.
Activity
5:

Strong

oxidation 2. Oxidation properties:

properties of HNO3 - Works with
metals
Capacity development: The ability to
use chemical language, the ability to - HNO3 with OXH +5 number may be
solve problems through subjects, the reduced to:
ability to apply chemical knowledge to o
life and group activities.

+1

+2

+4

-3

N2, N2O, NO, NO2, NH4NO3 depending

- Teacher: Stating the strong oxidation on the HNO3 concentration and reducing
capacity of HNO3.

ability of participating substances.

- Gv: Oxidation of most metals (except a. Effect on metals:
Au, Pt).

- Oxidation of most metals (except Au,

- Teacher: Demonstration experiments Pt).
between Cu effect with thick and thin

0

+5

+2

2

HNO3 dd to prove. Ask students to 3Cu + 8HNO3 (l) → 3Cu(NO3)2+ 2NO+
observe, discuss, raise phenomena?

4H2O

- Hs: observe, discuss and make 0
comments, write chemical equations

+5

Cu+4HNO3

+2
solid

→

4
Cu(NO3)2+

- Teacher information: Often HNO 3 2NO2+2H2O
dilutes to form NO; Special HNO3
forms NO2

- Passive Fe, Al, Cr with solid, cool

- Teacher: Passive test presentation of HNO3
Al, Fe, Cr with cold concentrated
HNO3 solution.
- Hs: observe, comment phenomena.
Activity 6: Strong oxidation

b. Non-metallic effect:

properties of HNO3 - Works with

- Concentrated HNO3, hot OXH obtained

nonmetals and compounds.

some non-metallic C, S, P, ... obtained

Capacity development: The ability to

NO2

use chemical language, the ability to

6HNO3 + S→ H2SO4+ 6NO2+2H2O

solve problems through subjects, the

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ability to apply chemical knowledge to

c. Effects on compounds:

life.

- HNO3 special oxidize many inorganic

- Gv: When heated, concentrated

and organic compounds

HNO3 can oxidize some non-metals to

FeO+ 4HNO3 → Fe(NO3)3+NO2+ 2H2O

the highest level of oxh

- Cloth, paper, sawdust, pine oil ... are

Screening of experimental video:

destroyed when exposed to solid HNO3

HNO3 condensed with S.
Hs observed, commented, wrote
reaction equations.
- Teacher: Ask students to read part C
- Hs: Read the text
- Teacher: Give reaction between FeO
HNO3
- Hs: Write PTHH
Activity 7: Application of HNO3

IV. Application: SGK

Capacity development: The ability to

use chemical language, the ability to
apply chemical knowledge to life.
Hs studied textbooks said the
application of HNO3

Activity 8: Modulation of HNO3

V. Modulation

Capacity development: The ability to

1. In the laboratory: NaNO3 (or KNO3)

use chemical language, the ability to

crystals act with concentrated H2SO4,

solve problems through subjects

heated

- Teacher: Ask questions: How is

NaNO3+H2SO4(đ)→ HNO3+NaHSO4

HNO3 prepared?
- Teacher: For students to read,
observe picture 2.7 sgk
→ Ask hs to know how to prepare
HNO3 in the laboratory. Write

chemical equations.

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Hs: Answer.

2. In technology: HNO3 is produced in
three stages:
Axit nitric loãng có thể cô đặc đến 68%
axit với một hỗn hợp azeotropic với 32%
nước. Để thu được axit có nồng độ cao
hơn, tiến hành chưng cất với axit sunfuric
H2SO4. H2SO4 đóng vai trò là chất khử sẽ
hấp thụ lại nước.
4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O (Pt, 850oC)
2NO + O2 → NO2
4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O → 4HNO3
Dung dịch axit nitric công nghiệp thường
có nồng độ 52% và 68%. Việc sản xuất
axit nitric được thực hiện bằng công nghệ
Ostwald do Wilhelm Ostwald phát minh.

Activity 9:

B. Nitrate salt: M(NO3)x

- Teacher: For hgk sgk research,

I. Properties of nitrate salts:

indicate the solubility characteristics of 1. Physical properties:
nitrate salts; Write the electrolyte

- All nitrate salts are water soluble and

equation for some salts.

are strong electrolytes.

Hs: Answer, write electrolysis

Ca(NO3)2 → Ca 2+ + 2NO3-

equations
Activity 10:

KNO3 → K+ + NO32. Chemical properties:

- Teacher: Let students read and collect -The nitrate salts are unstable by heat,
information from SGK.

when heated nitrate salts have strong

H Ask hs to discuss to draw

OXH properties.

conclusions about the pyrolysis

- Decomposition products depend on the

reaction of nitrate salts

nature of the metal cation:

Hs: Discuss for 3 minutes, present

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- Teacher: Comments, conclusions
- Gv: Ask hs to write the pyrolysis
equation of some salts: Al (NO3)3;

o

* Kim loại đứng trước Mg

t

→

muối

Nitrit + O2

NaNO3; Pb (NO3)2

o

2KNO3

t

→

2KNO2 + O2
o

t

→

* Từ Mg đến Cu

Oxit kim loại +

NO2 + O2
o

2Cu(NO3)2

t

→

2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
o

* Kim loại sau Cu

t

→

Kim loại + NO2

+ O2
2AgNO3 → 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2
3. Identify nitrate ions
In neutral, ion, NO3- does not have the
oxidation. When the available H+ ion,
ion, NO3- is oxidatively like HNO3. And
so to realize the ion NO3- people lightly
heated solution containing NO3- with
metal H2SO4 diluted:
3Cu + 8H++2NO3-→3Cu2++2NO+4H2O
2NO + O2 → 2NO2
Không màu
Activity 11:

màu nâu

II. Nitrate salt application:

- Teacher Let students study sgk and
find out the fact that nitrate salts have
applications?
Hs: Nitrogenous fertilizer, black

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explosive.

E. WORKED EXAMPLES
1. KNOWLEDGE - qualitative questions
Question 1: Nitric acid has CTPT as:
A. HNO2

B. HNO3

C. HNO5

D. H3NO4.

Question 2: The atom N in the molecule HNO3 has the oxidation number:
A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 5.

Question 3: In the laboratory, people often prepare HNO3 words
A. NaNO2 and concentrated H2SO4. B. NaNO3 and concentrated H2SO4.
C. NH3 and O2.

D. NaNO3 and concentrated HCl.

2. LEVEL OF LEARNING - qualitative questions
Question 1: Which of the following substances is not produced when metal reacts
with HNO3 acid?
A. NO2

B. N2O

C. N2O5

D. NH4NO3.

Question 2: Which of the following chemicals is used to distinguish 3 cool-thick dd:
HCl, HNO3, H2SO4.
A. Al

B. CuO

C. Cu

D. Fe.

Question 3: Use the following chemicals to distinguish 4 packets of flour:
Cu, CuO, Fe, Fe2O3
A. H2O

B. NaCl

C. NaOH

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D. HNO3


Question 4: Add aluminum powder to dd HNO 3 dilute, residue obtained NO, N2O
and dd A. Add excess NaOH to dd A to get X. Gas X is:
A. N2

B. H2

C. NH3

D. NO2

3. LOW LEVEL OF APPLICATION - quantitative and qualitative exercises
Question 1: Dilute HNO3 solution reacts with all of the following series of
substances:
A.FeO, FeS, Fe2O3, BaSO4

B. Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, H2S, FeS

C. FeCO3, NaNO3, CuS, Cu2S

D. Fe(OH)2, Fe, K2CO3, NaCl

Question 2: Giving 19.5 grams of n-valent M metal dissolved in HNO 3 solution to
obtain 4.48 liters of NO gas (the only reducing product of N 5 in standard conditions). M
is metal:

A. Mg

B. Cu

C. Fe

D. Zn

Question 3: Make 1 gram of Fe dissolved in 250 ml of 2M HNO 3 solution to obtain
the only reductant, NO, to neutralize the excess acid, it is necessary to use 100 ml of 1M
NaOH solution. So m has the value of:
A. 2.8 grams

B. 8.4 grams

C. 5.6 grams

D. 11.2 grams

Question 4: Give 11,2 grams of a metal Z dissolved in a sufficient amount of HNO 3,
after the reaction obtained dd A and 2.28 liters of NO gas (in the standard) is the only
reducing product. Concentration dd A dried anhydrous salt with mass equal to:
A. 55.6 grams

B. 48.4 grams

C. 56.5 grams

D. 44.8 grams

Question 5: M mg Mg completely dissolved in HNO 3 solution, the reaction releases
N2O gas (the only reducing product of N +5) and the solution after reaction increases 3.9
grams. So m has the value of:
A. 2.4 grams

B. 3.6 grams

C. 4.8 grams

D.7.2 grams

4. HIGH PERFORMANCE
Question 1: For substances: Fe, FeS, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Cu2O, Na2S, Fe (OH) 3. How
many of these substances work with dilute HNO3 dd of the redox reaction:
A.7

B.6

C.5

D.4

Question 2: Add 19,2g Cu to 500ml of 1M NaNO3 solution then add 500ml of 2M
HCl solution. The final reaction yields a solution of X and V liters of NO gas (the only
reducing product of N 5 in the test condition). The value of V is
A. 3.36 liters

B. 4.48 liters

C. 2.24 liters

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D. 4.48 liters


Question 3: Give 27 grams of Al completely dissolved in HNO 3 solution, the
reaction causes the release of V liter of N2O, NO with molar ratio of 1: 1 (dktc) after the
reaction of 29.3 grams of salt. So V has the value of:
A. 4.48 liters

B. 3.36 liters

C. 10.08 liters

D. Other results

EXPERIMENTAL QUESTIONS
Question 1: Conducting 2 experiments:
TN 1: Put some Cu powder in dilute HNO3 solution.
TN 2: Put a few sets of Cu in a thick, cool HNO3 solution.
Observe experiments, raise and explain phenomena by chemical equations.
Question 2: When doing experiments with HNO3 can generate many toxic gases.
Suggest a method to prevent those gases from being released into the air.
PISA QUESTION
Question 1: Explain the verse:
“Contemplative rice peeked out from the edge
When listening to the thunder flag waving up. "
F. HOMEWORK
Question 1: By chemical methods, please show how to identify the following containers

of liquid solution: HNO3, KNO3, dilute H2SO4, KCl. Write chemical equations that
happen if they exist.
Tutorial:
+) Use BaCl2 solution
+) Use AgNO3 solutions
+) Use purple kneeling:
Question 2: Write an abbreviated molecular and ion equation
a) NaOH HNO3 →
b) CaCO3 HNO3 →
Question 3: Give 2.19 grams of a mixture of Cu, Al completely working with excess
HNO3 solution, obtaining solution Y and 0.672 liters of NO gas (in the DCT, which is the
only reducing product). Calculate the percentage by mass of two metals in the mixture?

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TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO
1. Cao Cự Giác (Chủ biên), Trần Trung Ninh (2018). Phương pháp dạy học hoá học
bằng tiếng Anh ở trường Trung học phổ thông. Nxb Đại học Vinh.
2. Cao Cự Giác (2019). Dạy học một số chủ đề hoá học bằng tiếng Anh. Nxb Giáo dục.

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