Summary of PhD thesis in Political Science: Implementing poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province

1

A. INTRODUCTION
1. The reason for choosing a topic
Vietnam is a pioneer country in Southeast Asia and Asia in measuring
multidimensional poverty with multi-dimensional approach poverty lines
promulgated under the Prime Minister's Decision No. 59/2015/QD-TTg dated 27
November 11, 2015 applies to the period 2016-2020.
In order to implement the poverty reduction policy based on the multidimensional approach to poverty lines, Vinh Long province has directed localities to
review, investigate and identify the exact subjects, thereby supporting creating
conditions for poor households to borrow capital. production development ... Over 4
years of implementing policies, Vinh Long has had many positive changes; The
number of poor households and the percentage of poor households has decreased
every year.
Although important results have been achieved, the implementation of the
poverty reduction policy based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh
Long still faces some difficulties.
In the current context, the implementation of poverty reduction policies based
on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines should be considered and evaluated
objectively, in order to have solutions to improve the effectiveness of policy
implementation, promote socio-economic development. Vinh Long provincial
association is a very urgent issue, but none of the authors have studied it intensively
and comprehensively. Therefore, the author chooses the topic "Implementing poverty
reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long
province" as a doctoral thesis.
2. Research purposes and missions
2.1. Purpose
Improve the effectiveness of implementation of poverty reduction policies
based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province.
2.2. Research mission
Firstly, an overview of the research results of the scientific works related to the

topic, indicating the gaps that need further study.


2

Secondly, systematize and supplement some theoretical issues on the
implementation of poverty reduction policies based on the multi-dimensional
approach poverty lines.
Thirdly, assess the status of implementing poverty reduction policies based on
multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province.
Fourthly, propose solutions to improve the effectiveness of implementation of
poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in
Vinh Long province.
3. Research subject and scope
3.1. Research subjects
Implementing poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach
poverty lines in Vinh Long province.
3.2. Research scope
3.2.1 Regarding the content
Study the process of organizing and implementing the poverty reduction policy
based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long.
3.2.2. About space
Research and implement the poverty reduction policy based on multidimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province.
3.2.3. About time
Studying and implementing the poverty reduction policy based on multidimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province in the period from 2011
to 2020, building the orientation to raise the multi-dimensional approach poverty line
in Vinh Long to 2025 and the following years. follow.
4. Theoretical basis and research methods
4.1. Methodology
The topic is studied based on the views of dialectical materialism and

historical materialism; views of the Communist Party of Vietnam; State policies and
laws on poverty reduction policies according to the multi-dimensional approach
poverty lines.


3

4.2. Research Methods
Research Methods
Specific research methods used include:
- Method of studying documents and documents
Studying the Party's documents, legal documents, related scientific works in
order to build a theoretical basis of the topic.
- Select the survey sample
PhD students conducted interviews with 200 officials at all levels.
- Descriptive statistics method
Analyze the reality of poverty reduction policy implementation according to
the multi-dimensional approach poverty line.
- Method of experts: consulting 330 turns of scientific officials and managers
to consult with the Ministry on the new multidimensional poverty measurement
index for the period 2021-2025.
5. New contributions of the thesis
5.1. Theoretically
- Systematize theoretical issues and practical experience, propose dimensions
and multidimensional poverty measurement indicators in Vietnam.
- The thesis conducts a survey and assessment of the reality of implementing
poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in
Vinh Long province.
- Develop orientations and goals towards building poverty lines according to
the international approach.

5.2. On the practical side
- Review reality, point out inadequacies in implementing poverty reduction
policies based on local multidimensional poverty lines.
- Proposing solutions to improve the effectiveness of poverty reduction policy
implementation according to multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long
province.


4

- Research results of the topic are references for research, policy making, and
teaching.
- Contribute to realizing the Resolution of the Fifth Conference of the Party
Central Committee (Session XI).
6. Research questions
- Is the theoretical basis for implementing the poverty reduction policy based
on the poverty line fully approached ?
- How has the implementation of the poverty reduction policy based on multidimensional approach poverty lines been implemented in Vinh Long province ?
- In order to improve the effectiveness of implementing the poverty reduction
policy based on the multidimensional poverty line in Vinh Long, which measures
should be implemented ?
7. The structure of the thesis
Official thesis title: Implementing the poverty reduction policy based on multidimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province.
In addition to the introduction, table of contents, conclusions, list of scientific
works published by the author, list of references and appendices, the thesis content is
structured into 4 chapters.


5

B. CONTENT
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH SITUATION
1.1. Relevant studies published at home and abroad
1.1.1. Studies on policy implementation
1.1.1.1. The study of foreign authors
Elizabeth Eppel, David Tuner and Amanda Wolf, in "Experimentation and
learning in public Policy Implementation Implementations for Public Management"
think that there are two models: designing and implementing policies that show the
central role of state agencies and design and implementation of empirical policy.
Basir Chand in "Public Policy: Implementation Approaches" has proposed applying
different approaches to policy implementation. William N Dunn's "Public Policy
Analysis An Introduction" analyzed the structure of the policy, monitored the
outcome of the policy, and assessed the results of policy implementation. Policy
Analysis Concepts and Practice by David L. Weimer and Aidan R. Vining Prentice
Hall published a method for analyzing policy problems and methods for analyzing
policy solutions. Michael Hill's "The Policy Process in the Modern Stale", Prentice
Hall Publishing, addresses a number of policy implementation models and
accountability of public authorities in the organization of policy implementation.
1.1.1.2. The study of domestic authors
Author Le Chi Mai "The basics of policies and policy processes" refers to the
policy process, the impact factors as well as the form of public policy
implementation. Le Van Hoa "Monitoring and evaluation of public policy" presented
the basic issues of public policy implementation evaluation.
1.1.2. Studies on social security policies and poverty reduction policies
1.1.2.1. The study of foreign authors
UNDP "Poverty reduction in Vietnam" has clarified the causes of poverty in
Vietnam, analyzing solutions to address the causes of poverty. Tuan Phong Don and
Hosein Jalian “Poverty and poverty reduction policy in Vietnam, experience from the
transition economy” study the basic components of the poverty reduction policy

system in Vietnam. The World Bank's "hunger attack" points to the positive effects
of the policies as well as the irrationalities of the poverty reduction policy system.


6

Asian Development Bank, "An Overview of the Impact of Greater Mekong
Subregional Economic Integration on Poverty", an overview of poverty in Vietnam,
provides recommendations on poverty reduction policies.
1.1.2.2. The study of domestic authors
Nguyen Van Chieu "Social security policies and the role of the state in the
implementation of social security policies in Vietnam" refers to the experience of
some countries, the real situation of implementing social security policies in
Vietnam, directions and solutions to enhance the role of the state in the
implementation of social security policies in Vietnam. Mai Ngoc Cuong "Developing
and completing social security policies in Vietnam" refers to the system of social
security policies in Vietnam; directions, solutions to build and perfect the system of
social security policies in Vietnam. Le Quoc Ly "Social security policies - situation
and solutions" analyzed the theoretical and practical basis for obstacles in
implementing social security policies; Proposing 5 groups of solutions to overcome
obstacles in the implementation of social security policies in our country.
1.1.3. Studies on the implementation of poverty reduction policies based on
multi-dimensional approach poverty lines
1.1.3.1. The study of foreign authors
Worl Bank "A good start, but not yet completed: Vietnam's impressive
achievements in poverty reduction and new challenges, Vietnam Poverty Assessment
2012" offers a new perspective on the lives of people poverty, and also explore their
current limitations and opportunities to escape poverty. UNDP Viet Nam
"Multidimensional poverty report in Vietnam: reducing poverty in all dimensions to
ensure a quality life for everyone" affirms that poverty reduction in Vietnam has

achieved international recognition. , marking the transition from income poverty
measures to multidimensional measurement. The Worl Bank "New step in reducing
poverty and common prosperity in Vietnam, updated report 2018" affirms that
Vietnam has achieved success in reducing poverty through inequality control and
economic growth.
1.1.3.2. The study of domestic authors
Bui Sy Loi "Sustainable poverty reduction solution in Vietnam" introduces the
success of poverty reduction, proposes some solutions for sustainable poverty
reduction. Pham Tat Thang "Sustainable multi-dimensional poverty reduction for the
Northwest provinces" emphasizes the goal of sustainable poverty reduction, enabling
the poor to access basic social services for the people, including the Western


7

provinces. North. Research by Nguyen Quoc Dung and Vo Thi Kim Thu "Poverty
reduction for Khmer people in the Southwest of Vietnam in the process of
sustainable development" approach to economic support policies, in-depth study of
spiritual life, traditional culture of the Khmer people, find the main cause of poverty
and set out directions and solutions to reduce poverty. Dang Kim Son "Poverty
alleviation by promoting internal resources of community organizations" introduces
the role and forms of community organization to contribute to gathering people in the
community to reduce poverty. Vo Thi Thu Nguyet "Hunger eradication and poverty
reduction in Malaysia and Thailand, lessons learned for Vietnam" makes clear that
Malaysia and Thailand's hunger eradication and poverty reduction strategies are
valuable lessons for countries aiming High growth targets go hand in hand with
social justice.
1.2 Some comments about the research works
1.2.1 Research on addressing poverty
In general, the studies initially analyzed poverty reduction policies of

countries, made recommendations for the most appropriate policy implementation
such as: building infrastructure, taking care of education and medical examination
and treatment. ..based on the country's existing "limited" capital resources.
Some studies emphasize job seeking for people because of lack of jobs has
pushed people to poverty.
1.2.2. Studies on Vietnam's poverty reduction policies
The studies mainly provide policy recommendations in both planning and
implementation, focusing on finding solutions to achieve overarching goals across
the territory.
1.2.3 Studies on implementation of poverty reduction policies based on
multi-dimensional approach poverty lines
Most policy evaluation studies are based on a qualitative basis and perceptual
indicators drawn from sociological surveys but not on a specific set of criteria so
conclusions and recommendations are made. may not be appropriate.
1.3. The dissertation issues need to be focused on research and solving
Firstly, systematize and build a theoretical framework for implementing
poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines.


8

Secondly, to survey and evaluate the status of implementing poverty reduction
policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province.
Thirdly, develop solutions to improve the effectiveness of poverty reduction
policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province.
For these reasons, the PhD student has chosen the issue of "Implementation of
poverty reduction policy based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh
Long province" as a doctoral thesis of Political Science.
Conclusion of chapter 1
Although a number of studies have focused on evaluating some key

components of poverty reduction policies based on the multi-dimensional approach
poverty line, they have just stopped at assessing and identifying the inadequacies in
realizing poverty. poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach
poverty lines.
From the overview of the research situation, the author gave both theoretical
and practical suggestions on the effective implementation of poverty reduction
policies based on the multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in the near future.
Chapster 2
THEORETICAL BASIS AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE ABOUT
ENFORCEMENT OF POVERTY REDUCTION POLICIES
ACCORDING TO POOR STANDARDS APPROACH
MULTIDIMENSIONAL

2.1. Basic theoretical issues about poverty according to the multidimensional approach poverty line and the poverty reduction policy based on
the multi-dimensional approach poverty line
2.1.1. Poverty follows the multi-dimensional approach to poverty
2.1.1.1. The concept of multidimensional poverty
Poverty is a situation in which a part of the population does not have the
conditions of life such as eating, dressing, housing, sanitation, health, education,
transportation, and the right to participate in community decisions.


9

2.1.1.2. Poverty line in Vietnam
Approaching unidirectional poverty measurement in the period 1993-2015
Since 1993, Vietnam has changed the poverty line 7 times.
Poverty follows the multi-dimensional approach to poverty
Poverty line: The poverty line is a measure of who is poor to implement
support policies to ensure equity in the implementation of poverty reduction policies.

Multi-dimensional approach poverty lines: The Prime Minister's Decision
59/2015 clearly defines the criteria for multidimensional poverty measurement
applied for the period 2016-2020; The standard of poor, near-poor and average-living
households applies for the period 2016-2020.
2.1.2. Poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach
poverty lines
2.1.2.1 Definition of policy
Policy is a specific line associated with political power, with the ruling party
and with the state-state power apparatus of a political party or a powerful subject on a
certain field with measures, plan to do that way.
2.1.2.2 Poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach
poverty lines
The poverty reduction policy based on multidimensional poverty line is a
system of general poverty reduction policies and specific poverty reduction policies
for projects under the National target program on sustainable poverty reduction in
districts poor, poor communes, villages, extremely difficult villages.
2.1.2.3 Structure of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional
approach poverty lines
The goals of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional poverty
lines: sustainable poverty reduction, limiting re-poverty; economic growth, ensuring
social security, improving living standards, increasing people's income, especially in
poor areas, creating favorable conditions for the poor and poor households to access
social services.
Basic chance Principles for directing the implementation of poverty reduction
policies according to the multi-dimensional approach poverty lines: in terms of the
absolute number of poor households that can be reduced within a given period of


10

time; In terms of the quality of poverty reduction, it is true that the poor's life has
been improved after the supporting effect, the income gap with other population
groups has been shortened Poverty status.
Scope and subjects of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional
approach poverty lines: scope of policy implementation, who are the beneficiaries.
The content of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional
approach poverty lines: is a specific activity or more depending on the goals of each
policy.
Time for implementing the poverty reduction policy based on multidimensional poverty line: defining implementation time.
Resources for implementing poverty reduction policies based on
multidimensional poverty lines: policies will not be able to be implemented or
implemented effectively if the resources for implementing policies are not fully and
carefully calculated.
The agency that manages and implements the poverty reduction policy
according to the multi-dimensional approach poverty line: specifies who is in charge
of implementing the policy and who will be implementing the specific activities of
the policy.
2.1.2.4 The role of poverty reduction policies based on the multi-dimensional
approach poverty lines
Poverty reduction according to multi-dimensional approach poverty lines pillars and solutions for social security. Poverty reduction according to the multidimensional poverty line and ensuring social security are geared towards human
development, ensuring people's lives.
2.2. Implementing poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional
approach poverty lines
2.2.1. Enforce policies in the policy cycle
2.2.1.1. Policy cycle
The policy cycle is a process of rotating steps from starting policy to
determining the effectiveness of policy in social life [26, pp.166-190]. In Vietnam,
policy implementation is the stage of realizing policies in social life - the stage of
organizing the implementation of selected policy solutions and examining the
implementation.

11

2.2.1.2. Policy implementation and poverty reduction policy based on multidimensional approach poverty lines
Implementing the poverty reduction policy based on multi-dimensional
poverty line is the process of turning related policies, directions and measures into
practical results through organized activities in the state apparatus and the Extensive
participation of organizations, units, families, individuals and the whole society.
2.2.2. Subjects, subjects, evaluation criteria and factors affecting the
implementation of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach
poverty lines
2.2.2.1. Subjects and subjects participating in the implementation of poverty
reduction policies according to the multi-dimensional approach poverty lines
- The State plays the role of the subject, and the implementation of policies
must mobilize the wide participation of all organizations, units, families, individuals
and the whole society.
- The objects of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional
approach poverty lines are all people.
2.2.2.2. Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of implementing poverty
reduction policies according to the multi-dimensional approach poverty lines
- The validity of the policy is reflected in the level of achieving the set goals.
- The effectiveness of the policy reflects the correlation between the results
given by the policy and the spent costs.
- The equity of the policy is reflected in the implementation of income
redistribution, helping vulnerable people to overcome income inequality among
social groups.
- The impact of the policy reflects the final outcome of the policy. - Level of
resolving poverty reduction policies according to the multi-dimensional approach
poverty line.

2.2.2.3 Factors affecting the implementation of poverty reduction policies
based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines
Factors affecting the implementation of poverty reduction policies based on
multi-dimensional poverty lines: Economic growth; Industrialization, modernization
and urbanization; Natural disasters, epidemics, environmental pollution, climate


12

change; Organizational and managerial capacity of the state apparatus at all levels;
Awareness of society and people.
2.2.3. The States role in implementing poverty reduction policies based on
multi-dimensional approach poverty lines
2.2.3.1. The objective indispensability of the government's implementation of
poverty reduction policies based on the multi-dimensional approach poverty line
First, comes from one of two basic functions of the state - social function.
Secondly, overcoming the limitations of market economy. Thirdly, ensure social
security, improve social welfare, protect the rights of all people. Fourthly, it is a
service that the private sector can hardly undertake fully and completely.
2.3. Experiences in some localities and lessons on implementing poverty
reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines for Vinh
Long province
2.3.1 Experience in implementing poverty reduction policies based on multidimensional approach poverty lines in Thai Binh province
Thai Binh Province has implemented programs and projects to support the
poor households synchronously and effectively, contributing to improving the
material and spiritual life of the poor, ensuring social security, stabilizing life,
sustainable poverty reduction.
2.3.2 Experience in implementing poverty reduction policies based on multidimensional approach poverty lines in Tra Vinh province
Sustainable poverty reduction is one of 06 key tasks of Tra Vinh with the
participation of the whole political system. However, besides the results of

implementing poverty reduction in Tra Vinh province, there are still limitations.
2.3.3 Lessons learned for Vinh Long province
Firstly, strengthening the role of the entire political system in implementing
poverty reduction policies in line with local reality. Secondly, renewing the way to
organize credit loans in a smooth, efficient and right manner to the poor subjects.
Thirdly, implement the universal education policy, create favorable conditions for the
children of the poor to study, set up a low interest rate loan development education
fund for university and vocational training. Fourthly, to implement social protection
policies, health insurance for the poor, solve jobs and solve negative phenomena in
poverty reduction. Fifth, to avoid relapsing into poverty, it is necessary to combine


13

economic development with environmental protection, cultural development, human
resource development, democracy implementation and social equality. Sixth, to
encourage production development, market development of the poor's product
consumption. Seventh, support the construction of infrastructure systems to facilitate
access to economic and social services.
Conclusion of chapter 2
Multidimensional poverty is a new approach to limit the omission of objects
who are not income-poor but are poor in other dimensions.
The thesis has clarified the concept of poverty reduction under the multidimensional approach poverty line; new points in the implementation of poverty
reduction under the multi-dimensional approach poverty line, which are consistent
with the thesis: poverty reduction based on the multi-dimensional approach poverty
line on the basis of ensuring the minimum living standards needs of the poor, not just
about income, but including meeting basic social service needs.

Chapter 3
CURRENT SITUATION OF IMPLEMENTATION OF POVERTY POLICY

ACCORDING TO THE POOR STANDARD POSTER APPROACH OF THE
PROVINCE VINH LONG
3.1. The natural, economic and social conditions of Vinh Long province
impact on the implementation of poverty reduction policies based on multi
dimensional approach poverty lines
3.1.1. Natural condition
Vinh Long has a natural area of 1,479,128 km2, equal to 0.4% of the country's
area. The terrain of Vinh Long is relatively flat, the rivers are interlaced, the traffic is
convenient. The province has Highway 1 and Highway 53 passing through, this is an
important transport bridge between Ho Chi Minh City and Can Tho. Cultivation is a
strength of the province.
3.1.2 Socio-economic conditions of Vinh Long province
Vinh Long has two key areas: the economic region belongs to the Tien river
area; economic region in Hau river area.


14

However, the economic development of Vinh Long is not commensurate with
its potential, the economic structure is still in the form of monoculture of rice. The
handicraft and construction sector is underdeveloped and the infrastructure is inferior
to some provinces in the Mekong Delta.
3.1.2. Implementation of poverty reduction policies in Vinh Long from 2011
to 2015
3.1.2.1 Direction and administration of the implementation of the poverty
reduction program
Vinh Long Provincial Party Committee issued Program No. 05-CTr / TU,
dated October 17, 2011 on job creation and sustainable poverty reduction in the
2011-2015 period; The Provincial People's Committee issued Decision No. 1369 /
QD-UBND dated August 28, 2012 on the Plan for job creation and sustainable

poverty reduction in the 2011-2015 period and the annual implementation plan;
Departments, agencies, unions of provinces, districts and communes shall base on
their assigned tasks, develop annual plans to integrate the inspection, periodic
evaluation and intensify propagation and dissemination of practical guidance. present
policies on poverty reduction programs, focusing on implementing policies for the
poor associated with the construction program new countryside.
3.1.2.2 Implementation status and implementation results of poverty reduction
policies
After 5 years of implementing the Action Program 05 of the Provincial Party
Committee, Vinh Long has achieved many practical results. People's living standards
have been gradually increased, the gap between rich and poor has narrowed.
The program of job creation and sustainable poverty reduction has been
interested in implementation and identified as one of the key tasks by all levels and
sectors. To make this program effective, the province has focused its resources on job
creation, poverty reduction as well as social security implementation. As a result,
there are many poor households gradually getting out of poverty sustainably.
3.1.2.3 Assessment of the implementation of poverty reduction policies in Vinh
Long province in the period of 2011-2015
These achievements
Regarding program design: The national target program on sustainable
poverty reduction in the 2011-2015 period is promulgated in accordance with the
local socio-economic context and implemented synchronously with appropriate


15

contents and solutions. and achieved high results, mobilizing socialization of
organizations, individuals, businesses, ... has contributed to supporting the poor to
overcome difficulties to escape poverty; Training and retraining to improve the
capacity of poverty reduction officials at all levels is focused; shortcomings and

difficulties in the process of program implementation have been overcome.
Limitations in the implementation of poverty reduction policies in Vinh Long
province in the period of 2011-2015
The result of poverty reduction is not really sustainable, the quality of poverty
reduction is not high. Policies to support residential land, production land and dailylife water have not been basically solved. Policies to support poverty reduction often
have big goals, but the implementation time is short, the support level is low; funding
is not sufficient, slow and asynchronous, so the implementation has not been
effective. Many poverty reduction programs/projects have to extend their
implementation time. Poverty reduction programs and projects are managed by many
ministries and branches, with different management and operation mechanisms,
limiting the integration of policies and balancing common resources.
Table 3.1 Statistics of poor households in Vinh Long province
period 2011 – 2015
Year
Poor household rate (%)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

7.91
5.89
4.57
3.54
6.26

City (%)

Countryside (%)

4.38
3.26
2.83
2.13
3.54

8.61
6.40
4.95
3.84
6.82

Source: (61)
Reason: A small number of people still think about relying on support policies
of the State and community. A number of policies to support production development
are still spread, a number of policies overlap in content and geographical areas,
beneficiaries. A number of policies have low norms, ineffective effectiveness, and
are slowly amended and supplemented. The coordination between ministries,
branches and localities is not really comprehensive and timely; People's participation
in policy formulation and implementation is limited.
3.2 Implementing the poverty reduction policy based on multidimensional
approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province in the period of 2016-2019


16

3.2.1 Issue documents and plan implementation
In the period from 2016 to 2019, based on the central guidance and the actual
situation in the locality, Vinh Long province has issued many programs, policies and

directives to implement the poverty reduction goals according to Multi-dimensional
poverty line.
3.2.2. Organize the organization and coordinate the implementation
The assignment and coordination in organizing the implementation of poverty
reduction policies according to the multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh
Long province are implemented according to a relatively uniform organizational
structure model from provincial to commune levels with various committees direct
poverty reduction to hamlets.
3.2.3. The results of implementing the tasks, goals and targets of poverty
reduction according to the multidimensional approach poverty line for the period
2016-2019
3.2.3.1. Results of implementation of programs and projects
Implementing Program 135 to support infrastructure investment, support
production development for extremely difficult hamlets and communes;
implementing the project of production development, livelihood diversification and
replication of poverty reduction models in communes and hamlets under Program
135 and communes outside Program 135 implemented in 07 districts and towns.
3.2.3.2. The results of implementing the poverty reduction policies based on
the multidimensional approach poverty lines
Health policy: support 100% health insurance cards for the poor and nearpoor, support health insurance cards for new households out of poverty. Education
and vocational training policies: tuition exemption and reduction, study expense
support. Support vocational training for rural workers associated with industrial and
agricultural extension programs to reach 117.1% of the target for the period 2016 2020. Regarding creating jobs: creating new jobs exceeding 33.26% of the plan,
creating an average of 25,360 new jobs per year.
Credit policy: Vinh Long has disbursed to 25,271 customers borrowed the
program of new households escaping from poverty with a total lending of 505.7
billion VND; total debt collection was VND 94 billion with 4,459 households paying
debts. Housing policy: supporting 7,007 houses for poor households, with a total
amount of over VND 255,798 billion. The proportion of permanent housing in Vinh

17

Long province reaches 90.2% which is high in the Mekong Delta region (80.8%).
Implement well the projects of production development, livelihood diversification
and replication of poverty reduction models in 07 districts and towns such as
breeding breeding cows, goats, chickens with biological pads, growing gray abalone
mushrooms ... Information and propaganda has been diversified in form and content.
3.2.3.3. The allocation of resources to implement poverty reduction policies
follows the local multidimensional poverty line
The allocation of resources to implement poverty reduction policies timely and
in accordance with regulations; coordinating between branches and levels,
implementing the poverty reduction policy integrated with the National target
programs, other policies such as: National target programs built new countryside.
3.2.3.4. The management and administration of the implementation of poverty
reduction policies according to the local multidimensional poverty line
Develop solutions and models for poverty reduction that are appropriate for
each locality, strengthen the leadership of party committees and executive guidance
of governments at all levels on poverty reduction.
3.2.3.5 Inspection, handling of violations, promoting democracy, publicity and
transparency in the implementation of poverty reduction policies according to local
multidimensional poverty lines
Annually, the Steering Committee for Poverty Reduction at all levels develops
programs and plans on actual inspection and supervision of the process of poverty
reduction, coordination of mass organizations, direct supervision to households in
order to withdraw. experience and rectify errors in the implementation process of the
establishment.
Through checking and supervising activities, there has been no mistake about
poverty reduction work and the implementation of poverty reduction policies.
3.2.3.6 Results of implementing a number of components of poverty reduction

policies based on multidimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province
The poverty reduction policy based on multi-dimensional approach poverty
lines in Vinh Long province has been implemented by localities in the province with
the following main contents: preferential credit to support life and production for
people. poor; develop education and training for the poor; medical assistance, health
care for the poor; infrastructure development, expansion of science and technology
applications for the poor.


18

3.3 General assessment of poverty reduction policy implementation
according to multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province
3.3.1 Achievements in implementing poverty reduction policies based on
multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province
Following the direction of the National Assembly, the Government, the
Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs, the Provincial Party Committee
and the People's Committee of Vinh Long province have focused on directing the
construction and implementation of poverty reduction targets in the province. The
role and responsibilities of the Party committees, the administration of the
government and the coordination of mass organizations have been increasingly
asserted and achieved specific results such as: the percentage of poor and near-poor
households decreased. Over the years, the deficit indicators of the social service
dimensions have decreased year by year, basically meeting the set targets.
*Reason
- There is a clear assignment for each member of the provincial Steering
Committee in charge of each district, town and city to help care for poor and nearpoor households.
- Propaganda is rich and diverse in content, creating far-reaching effects and
changing the awareness of poor households.
Table 3.2: General data of poor households in Vinh Long province in the

period of 2016-2019
Numerical
order
1
2
3
4

Year
2016
2017
2018
2019

Total
number of
households
277.377
279.011
279.672
298.391

Number of poor
households
13.229
10.355
7.363
5.160

Ratio %

4,77
3,71
2,63
1,77%

Source: Author compiled from Decision 945 / QD-LDTBXH, 2017; Decision 862 /
QD-LDTBXH, 2018; Decision 1052 / QD-LDTBXH, 2019; Department of Labor,
Invalids and Social Affairs of Vinh Long Province, Report No. 290 / BC-SLĐTBXH
dated 03/12/2019.
- Investigations, surveys and updates were well implemented, specific to each
area, reviewing each target group.


19

- The Bank of Social Policy's student loans program is the most effective credit
program. At the same time, combining capital sources of the national fund to create
jobs for lending to poor and near-poor households, expanding to better-off
households or investing in production and business projects to attract workers.
locality.
- Implement well the health care support policy; tuition reduction policy;
policies to universalize education levels, improve education for the poor / near-poor,
lack of health and education indicators ...
- The supervision and monitoring of the policy implementation have been
carried out quite well.
3.3.2 Limitations and causes
- Activities of some units and some self-governing groups for poverty
reduction have not been effective; confused about how to support poor and near poor
households. Officials in charge of poverty reduction at grassroots, district, town and

city levels often change, have not been well-trained and continuous
- Lending capital to poor households is still low, only supporting for poor
households, loans for pupils and students who are difficult to recover.
- For dangerous cases, the risk of them falling back into poverty is very high.
The current support policies for poor and near poor households are not appropriate.
The number of households that have escaped from poverty has remained close to the
poverty line.
- Measures of gaps in adult education, vocational qualifications, social
insurance and housing of poor household members in Vinh Long province, especially
the Khmer co-reporting area, are relatively high.
- Propagating support for workers of poor households and near-poor
households, although implemented, the number of employees involved is not high.
*Reason
About the effectiveness
The effectiveness of the policy is not high, showing that the policy object is
not really poor, poor community.
About the validity of the policy


20

This effectiveness is not high due to the fact that the policy implementation
still reveals some shortcomings.
About the relevance of the policy
In each policy, there are disclosures that are not relevant to reality, especially
not from the wishes of the beneficiaries.
About the sustainability of the policy
The implementation of the poverty reduction policy based on the multidimensional approach poverty line in Vinh Long province has proved to be effective.
However, the relevance and sustainability of the policy has not been guaranteed.
Conclusion of chapter 3

The poverty reduction policy based on multi-dimensional approach poverty
lines in Vinh Long province is organized for implementation through the
development of the policy implementation plan; policy maintenance; Adjust policy;
monitor, inspect, urge, evaluate and review the implementation of policies.
However, the poverty reduction program still has limitations such as: the
number of households who have just escaped from poverty but their incomes are
close to the poverty line is still high, the risk of falling back into poverty is high, the
percentage of poor households is still high.

Chapter 4
VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY
POLICY REDUCING ACCORDING TO ACCESS POOR STANDARDS
MULTI-WAY IN THE PROVINCE OF VINH LONG PROVINCE
4.1. Viewpoints and objectives of implementing the poverty reduction
policy based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long
province
4.1.1 Overview of the context and requirements for the implementation of
poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in
Vinh Long province


21

The results of implementing the poverty reduction policy based on the multidimensional approach poverty line in Vinh Long province as in the recent period are
thanks to growth and development, the majority of people are involved in the growth
and benefit process. from this process.
In the coming period, in order to maintain the results of poverty reduction and
curb the increase of inequality in Vinh Long province, implementing the poverty
reduction policy based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long
province needs to continue consolidation based on four main pillars are (i) creating

productive jobs to increase sustainable incomes for all workers (ii) expanding
coverage towards universalizing basic social services; (iii) strengthening social
security systems for vulnerable groups to ensure no one is left behind; and and (iv)
take the differences of economic, cultural, social and geographical life among ethnic
minorities as the focus to research, propose appropriate and effective policies.
These orientations need to be implemented in a new context in the world and
in the country. The Fourth Industrial Revolution, the aging population in many
countries, climate change, non-traditional security types, epidemics, etc. are major
trends that have a significant impact on poverty reduction. In the country, the
economy has prospered clearly, macroeconomic stability is guaranteed. Impacts of
COVID-19 disease, drought, saline intrusion in the Mekong Delta. Public debt is
high, the period of golden population is about to pass, the results of the public
administration reform index (PAR) of Vinh Long in 2019 are still in the last top ...
creating constraints and challenges for real. implementing poverty reduction policies
based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in the province.
4.1.2 Viewpoints on implementing policies of poverty reduction based on
multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province
1. Ensure the province's overall goal of poverty reduction.
2. Ensure integration of objectives and priorities in implementing poverty
reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines.
3. Ensure the implementation of the poverty reduction policy based on the
multi-dimensional approach poverty line into a specific program.
4. Ensure sustainable poverty reduction.
5. Priority should be given to focus on key investment in the most difficult
regions, areas and population groups.


22

6. By means of propaganda and restricting the ideological thinking, relying on

the State's regimes and policies.
7. Strengthening inspection, supervision and evaluation in the spirit of
openness and democracy in poverty reduction activities
4.1.3. The objective of implementing the poverty reduction policy in Vinh
Long province to 2025 and the following years
- General objective: Improve and gradually improve the living conditions of
poor and near-poor households, giving priority to poor people in difficult areas and
poor people who are ethnic minorities.
- Specific objectives: (i) Mobilize resources to help poor and poor households
who cannot escape poverty; The province strives to have only 1% poor households
by 2025 according to the national poverty line. (ii) Implement synchronously and
effectively poverty reduction policies to improve the living conditions of the poor;
create conditions for the poor to have more and more convenient access to basic
social services. (iii) Adopt socio-economic strategies and programs to ensure
reasonable disparity between rich and poor between urban and rural areas, encourage
the increase of rich and rich households, and reduction of poor households.
3.1.4. Orientation to implement poverty reduction policies based on multidimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long province up to 2025 and
subsequent years
In consultation with the Ministry of dimensional dimensions of the new
multidimensional poverty measurement index by the consultant team, the PhD
student inherits the set of indicators in the old period, adding new dimensions to aim
for higher standards, access to national standards international.
4.2. Solutions to improve the effectiveness of implementation of poverty
reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh
Long province
4.2.1. Renewing the work of issuing documents and formulating plans for
implementing poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach
poverty lines
4.2.2. Strengthen the propaganda of poverty reduction policy implementation
following the multi-dimensional approach poverty lines and legal aid for the poor

in Vinh Long province


23

4.2.3. Implement measures to maximize resources for poverty reduction
according to the multi-dimensional approach poverty line in Vinh Long province
4.2.4. Developing coordination mechanisms to implement policies based on
the rights that go hand in hand with responsibilities and responsibilities of the
entire political system
4.2.5. Strengthen inspection and evaluation of policy implementation process
Conclusion of chapter 4
Implementation of poverty reduction policies based on multi-dimensional
approach poverty lines in Vinh Long needs to be organized based on perspectives
and requirements associated with local socio-economic conditions.
With the aim of improving the effectiveness of implementing the poverty
reduction policy based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long to
2025 and the following years, the thesis has researched and developed a system of
theoretical solutions. and practicality to improve the implementation of poverty
reduction policies based on multi-dimensional approach poverty lines in Vinh Long.


24

C. CONCLUSION
Multidimensional poverty is a new approach to limit the omission of objects
who are not income-poor but are poor in other dimensions.
The implementation of the poverty reduction policy in Vinh Long province has
been gradually improved in the direction of conditional support, not creating a
expectation of dependence, arousing the will to rise of the poor. From the investment

resources of the State and the community, the appearance of the poor districts,
communes and households has escaped from poverty and has markedly changed. The
authorities in the province have reviewed, amended and supplemented the poverty
reduction policy, integrating policies in the fields of ensuring uniformity, efficiency,
ease of monitoring and implementation.
To sustainably reduce poverty, firstly, the authorities of Vinh Long province
need to continue reviewing, amending and supplementing the poverty reduction
policies, integrating policies in the fields of ensuring uniformity, efficiency and ease.
track, done. In particular, focusing on 3 policy groups including: Supporting
production development, raising incomes for poor households; effectively support
the poor to access basic social services, prioritize services in the multidimensional
poverty reduction contents such as health care, education, housing, clean water,
sanitation and information; infrastructure development in difficult areas with high
poverty rate. At the same time, promoting socialization of poverty reduction,
focusing resources and solutions for sustainable poverty reduction for ethnic
minorities, mountainous areas and localities with high poverty rates, especially
associated with the poverty reduction program. poverty with new rural construction
to increase implementation effectiveness. In order to reduce poverty sustainably, with
the efforts of all levels of government, the cooperation of the whole community, the
efforts of the poor themselves are very important. Only when the poor themselves are
aware of the need to strive, then the support policies of the government and the
society will be effective and the escape from poverty will be truly sustainable.