Câu gián tiếp

Indirect speech
Indirect speech



I. Indirect speech ( câu gián ti p)ế
1. Cách s d ngử ụ
ví d :ụ
a. “I’ll send you a postcard when I arrive in London”,
Mary said to Daisy
Mary said to Daisy that she would send Daisy a
postcard when she arrived in London
b. “I have made many mistakes”, he said to me.
He said to me that he had made many mistakes
Câu gián ti p dùng đ t ng thu t l i l i nói ế ể ườ ậ ạ ờ
ho c l i phát bi u c a đó ặ ờ ể ủ

2. Nh ng s thay đ i khi chuy n câu tr c ti p sang câu gián ti pữ ự ổ ể ự ế ế
a. “I was born in 1980”, she said She said that she was born
in 1980
Thay đ i đ i t nhân x ng d a vào l i d n tr c ti p ( l i d n ổ ạ ừ ư ự ờ ẫ ự ế ờ ẫ
tr c ti p: “….. ”,she said)ự ế
b. 1. “I have made many mistakes”, he said to me.
He said to me that he had made many mistakes
2. “I will send you a postcard when I arrive in London”, Mary said to
Daisy
Mary said to Daisy that she would send Daisy a postcard when she
arrived in London
S thay đ i v các thì. Chúng ta có các quy t c thay đ i c ự ổ ề ắ ổ ụ
th nh sau:ể ư

tr c ti pự ế gián ti pế
TLĐ (will/shall) would/ should
can/ may could/ might
HTĐ QKĐ
HTTD QKTD
HTHT/ QKĐ QKHT

c. 1. “Last year, I came to visit my grandparents”, Lan said
Lan said that the previous year, she had come to visit h ẻ
grandparents.
2. “I will meet you here tomorrow”, John said to me.
John said that he would meet me there the day after.
Thay đ i đ i t ch đ nh và tr ng t ch th i gian, c th ổ ạ ừ ỉ ị ạ ừ ỉ ờ ụ ể
nh sau:ư
This that These those
Now then here there
Last week the week before/ the previous week
This week that week
Next week the week after/ the following week
This year that year
today that day
yesterday the day before/the previous day
tomorrow the day after/ the following day
………………………..

3. Nh ng tr ng h p không ph i đ i thì khi chuy n câu tr c ti p sang câu ữ ườ ợ ả ổ ể ự ế
gián ti pế
a. “I was born in 1980”, she said She said that she was born
in1980.
trong câu tr c ti p có m c th i gian xác đ nhụ ế ố ờ ị

b. “The Earth goes around the Sun”, scientists said.
Scientists said that the Earth goes around the Sun
câu tr c ti p nói v s th t hi n nhiên, chân lý luôn luôn đúngự ế ề ự ậ ể
c. “I often get up late”, said he. He said that he often gets up
late
câu tr c ti p nói v thói quen c a ai đóự ế ề ủ
d. Câu tr c ti p có “should/ had better/ ought to/ used to…..ự ế
e. Câu tr c ti p có c u trúc “It + tobe + time/ high time + sb + Ved/ Vp1 ự ế ấ
(Ai đó đã đ n lúc ph i làm gì)ế ả
Ví d : “It was high time you did your homework”, Janne said to Davidụ
Janne said to David that it was high time he did his homework
f. Câu tr c ti p là câu đi u ki n lo i 2 và lo i 3, ho c các mênh đ gi đ nh ự ế ề ệ ạ ạ ặ ề ả ị

(wish / as if / if only…), ho c có xen k thì QKĐ và QKTDặ ẽ