Test bank for essentials of sonography and patient care 3rd edition by craig

Chapter 01: The Origins and Evolution of Diagnostic Medical Sonography
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A landmark book, The Theory of Sound, represented the beginning of the modern study of acoustics and was written by:
a. Sir Isaac Newton.
b. Robert Boyle.
c. Leonardo da Vinci.
d. Lord Rayleigh.
ANS: D

REF: 3

2. Early real-time ultrasound systems relied on the use of _____ transducers.
a. linear array
b. phased-array
c. convex (curvilinear)
d. mechanical sectoring
ANS: A

REF: 16

3. Bi-stable imaging systems were replaced by grayscale methods because:
a. the image display was too slow.
b. they failed to demonstrate subtle soft tissue interfaces.
c. they had limited recording options.
d. the phosphor-coated screens were subject to screen “decay.”
ANS: B

REF: 12

4. The destructive nature of ultrasound on biologic organisms and living tissue was first discussed in 1927 by:
a. Woods and Loomis.

b. Langevin and Chilowsky.
c. Howry and Holmes.
d. Pierce and Firestone.
ANS: A

REF: 4

5. Which physician devoted his career to the study and development of noninvasive measurement of the peripheral vascular system?
a. John Reid
b. Don Baker
c. Rokuru Uchida
d. Eugene Strandness
ANS: D

REF: 15

6. Mobile real-time scanners eventually replaced bulky static scanners but retained the disadvantage of:
a. noise.
b. sector artifacts.
c. limited field of view.
d. poor gain.
ANS: C

REF: 17

7. Francis Fry and Elizabeth Kelly Fry are best known for their work in _____ ultrasound.
a. vascular
b. breast
c. obstetric
d. ophthalmic

ANS: B

REF: 12

8. Who first identified the characteristic motion patterns of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve?
a. Carl Hellmuth Hertz
b. Claude Joyner
c. Inge Edler
d. Sven Effert
ANS: C

REF: 10

9. The phenomenon of piezoelectricity was discovered by:
a. the Curie brothers.
b. Wild and Reid.
c. Leopold and Donald.
d. Langevin and Chilowsky.
ANS: A

REF: 4

Copyright © 2013, 2006, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

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10. The _____ was the direct precursor to the imaging systems in use today.
a. diasonograph

b. Searle Vidoson
c. Porta-Arm scanner
d. reflectoscope
ANS: C

REF: 8

11. Pythagoras observed:
a. that sound is produced by one object striking another.
b. that sound is carried to the ears by the movement of air.
c. the relationship between pitch and frequency.
d. that sound travels in waves.
ANS: C

REF: 2

12. Who was the first to compare sound waves with the waves produced by dropping a pebble into a calm body of water?
a. Archytas of Tarentum
b. Socrates
c. Leonardo da Vinci
d. Boethius
ANS: D

REF: 2

13. Who is thought to have originated the idea that sound travels in waves?
a. Galileo
b. Leonardo da Vinci
c. Sir Isaac Newton
d. Robert Boyle

ANS: B

REF: 3

14. Based on his experiments with bats, _____ postulated that there was a range of sound beyond humans’ hearing.
a. Francis Galton
b. Christian Doppler
c. Lazzaro Spallanzani
d. Wilhelm Roentgen
ANS: C

REF: 3

15. Focused high-energy ultrasound waves are used to:
a. visualize the interior of the body.
b. remove unwanted tissue.
c. produce cavitation.
d. detect intracranial lesions.
ANS: B

REF: 4

16. Who pioneered A-mode mapping of the human brain?
a. Douglass Howry
b. Karl Dussik
c. John Reid
d. John Wild
ANS: B

REF: 4

17. Who first considered using ultrasound to detect tissue thickness?
a. John Wild
b. Douglass Howry
c. Ian Donald
d. George Ludwig
ANS: A

REF: 4

18. A major limitation of bi-stable imaging stemmed from its:
a. need to use two oscilloscopes.
b. cumbersome assembly.
c. need to immerse patients in water.
d. storage phosphor cathode ray tube.
ANS: D

REF: 6

19. Who first produced ultrasound images of the fetal gestational sac?
a. Kenneth Gottesfield
b. Ian Donald
c. Phillipe Jeanty
d. Stuart Campbell
ANS: B

REF: 10

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20. The development of sonar is linked to the invention of the:
a. reflectoscope.
b. hydrophone.
c. supersonic receiver.
d. ultrasonic whistle.
ANS: B

REF: 4

21. Who was the first American to detail the methods and advantages of fetal cephalometry?
a. Barry Goldberg
b. Lajos von Micsky
c. J. Stauffer Lehman
d. Nathaniel Bronson
ANS: A

REF: 11

22. Floyd Firestone invented the:
a. ceiling-mounted transducer carriage.
b. water path scanner.
c. fast B-scanner.
d. reflectoscope.
ANS: D

REF: 4

23. Who is credited with first noting that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence?
a. Leonardo da Vinci
b. Francis Galton
c. Christian Doppler
d. Augustin Fresnel
ANS: A

REF: 3

24. _____ can concentrate up to 1000 intersecting beams of ultrasound energy to destroy abnormal tissue.
a. ARFI
b. HIFU
c. Thermal ablation
d. Elastography
ANS: B

REF: 28

25. Harmonic imaging is a(n):
a. quantitative method of distinguishing different types of tissue.
b. ideal technology for studying the progression, stabilization, and potential
regression of coronary atherosclerosis.
c. technique that is somewhat underused except in specialty practices.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: A

REF: 21

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