21 CHUYÊN đề ôn TIẾNG ANH THPTQG 2021

MỤC LỤC
1. Ngữ âm ( Phonetics)
2. Câu hỏi đuôi ( Tag-questions)
3. Danh động từ và động từ nguyên mẫu ( Gerund and Infinitive)
4. Câu điều kiện ( Conditional sentences)
5. Thì của động từ ( Tenses)
6. Thể bị động ( Passive Voice)
7. Mệnh đề quan hệ ( Relative Clause)
6. Giới từ ( Preposition)
7. Cụm động từ ( Phrasal verbs)
8. Cấu tạo từ ( Word formation)
9. Liên từ ( Conjunctions)
10. Lượng từ ( Quantifiers)
11. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ ( Adverbial clause)
12. Từ vựng (Vocabulary)
13. Cụm từ cố định ( Collocation)
14. Từ đồng nghĩa- trái nghĩa ( Synonym- Antonym)
15. Tìm lỗi sai (Finding mistakes)
16. Tình huống giao tiếp xã hội ( Social communication)
17. Câu tường thuật ( Reported speech)
18. Câu điều kiện đặc biệt ( conditional sentences- special cases)
19. Động từ khiếm khuyết ( Modal verbs)
20. Đảo ngữ ( Inversion)
21. Cấp so sánh ( Comparison)


21 CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI TIẾNG ANH THPTQG 2021
I. NGỮ ÂM
A. PHÁT ÂM
* Cách phát âm của –s / -es
- Có 3 cách phát âm –s hoặc –es tận cùng.

* đọc thành âm /s/ với những từ có âm cuối là / p, f, k, t, θ /
* đọc thành âm /iz/ với những từ có âm cuối là / s, z, ∫, t∫, dƷ/
* đọc thành âm /z/ với những trường hợp còn lại
- Examples:
* /s/: maps, books, hats, coughs, laughs, photographs ….
* /iz/: buses, watches, roses, washes, boxes…..
* /z/: bells, eyes, plays ….
Lưu ý:
- Khi *th phát âm là / θ / thì –s /–es mới phát âm là / s / như baths, …
- Khi *th phát âm là / ð / thì –s /–es phát âm là / z / như cloths, clothes, bathes,…
- Khi *gh phát âm là / f / thì –s phát âm là / s / như laughs, coughs, ….
- Khi *gh là âm câm thì –s phát âm là / z / như ploughs,
Hãy chọn từ có phần được gạch dưới có cách phát âm khác với các từ còn lại:S/ES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

A. helps
A. neighbors
A. cities
A. develops
A. proofs
A. involves
A. miles
A. sports

B. laughs
B. friends
B. satellites
B. takes
B. regions
B. believes
B. words
B. plays

C. cooks
C. relatives
C. series
C. laughs
C. lifts
C. suggests
C. accidents
C. chores

D. finds
D. photographs
D. workers
D. volumes
D. rocks
D. steals
D. names
D. minds

CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây là hình thức Past tense và Past participle:
1. “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : .Ex: wanted; decided

2. “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,θ/ hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch :
Ex: asked; stopped; laughed...
3. “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ 2 trường hợp trên

: Ex: moved; played; raised.

Ngọai lệ: Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked.
Exercise:
Hãy chọn từ có phần được gạch dưới có cách phát âm khác với các từ còn lại:ED
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

A. failed
A. invited
A. removed
A. looked
A. wanted
A. laughed
A. believed
A. lifted

B. reached
B. attended
B. washed

B. laughed
B. parked
B. passed
B. prepared
B. lasted

C. absorbed
C. celebrated
C. hoped
C. moved
C. stopped
C. suggested
C. involved
C. happened

D. solved
D. displayed
D. missed
D. stepped
D. watched
D. placed
D. liked
D. Decided


BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 1
Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. final

B. writer

C. ivory

D. widow

Question 2: A. passed

B. managed

C. cleared

D. threatened

Question 3: A. ejects

B. defends

C. advocates

D. breaths

Question 4: A. produced

B. believed

C. stopped

D. laughed

Question 5: A. alien

B. alloy

C. alley

D. anthem

Question 6: A. affected

B. looked

C. decreased

D. washed

Question 7: A. missed

B. worked

C. realized

D. watched

Question 8: A. need

B. speech

C. see

D. career

Question 9: A. loved

B. appeared

C. agreed

D. coughed

Question 10: A. pagoda

B. integral

C. against

D. aquatic

Question 11: A. imagines

B. bikes

C. cultures

D. involves

Question 12: A. office

B. practice

C. service

D. device

Question 13: A. finished

B. cooked

C. attended

D. laughed

Question 14: A. number

B. future

C. furious

D. amuse

Question 15: A. concerned

B. candied

C. travelled

D. dried

Question 16: A. speaks

B. speeds

C. graphs

D. beliefs

Question 17: A. dune

B. hummock

C. shrub

D. buffalo

Question 18: A. increased

B. pleased

C. replaced

D. fixed

Question 19: A. looks

B. knows

C. helps

D. sits

Question 20: A. linked

B. declared

C. finished

D. developed

Question 21: A. heat

B. beat

C. meant

D. easy

Question 22: A. sports

B. thanks

C. games

D. enthusiasts

Question 23: A. sacrificed

B. trusted

C. recorded

D. acted

Question 24: A. cooks

B. loves

C. joins

D. spends

Question 25: A. interviewed

B. performed

C. finished

D. delivered

2. STRESS - Một số quy tắc cơ bản để nhận biết trọng âm:
1/ Trọng âm thường ít rơi vào các tiền tố (prefix) và hậu tố (suffix):
 ví dụ: dislike, unhappy, uncertain, disappointed, unashamed, forefather. ...
* Ngoại lệ: 'foresight , 'forecast , 'unkeep , 'upland , 'surname , 'subway ....
Dưới đây là vài hậu tố không thay đổi dấu nhấn của từ gốc
V + ment: ag'ree (thoả thuận) =>ag'reement

V + al: ap'prove (chấp thuận) => ap'proval
V
+ y: de'liver (giao hàng)=> de'livery (sự giao
V + ance: re'sist (chống cự) =>re'sistance (sự
chống

cự) hàng).
V + age: pack (đóng gói) => 'package (bưu kiện)
V + er: em'ploy (thuê làm) => em'ployer (chủ


lao
động)
V + ing: under'stand (hiểu) => under'standing
V + or: in'vent (phát minh) => in'ventor
adj + ness: 'bitter (đắng) => 'bitterness (nỗi cay đắng)
V + ar: beg (van xin) => 'beggar (người ăn xin)
2/ Nói chung, trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm kép hoặc dài, ít rơi vào nguyên âm ngắn như /∂/
hay /i/
* EX:a'bandon , 'pleasure , a'ttract , co'rrect , per'fect , in'side , 'sorry , 'rather , pro'duct , for'get ,
de'sign , en'joy.
3/ Một từ hai vần vừa là động từ vừa là danh từ thì:
Động từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2.
Danh từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1.
EX: 'rebell(n), re'bell(v), export, import, increase, object, perfect, permit, present, produce, record,
Ngoại lệ : 'promise (n), (v)...

*

4/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào trước các hậu tố (suffixes) sau đây một vần : -ION, -IC, -IAL , -ICAL,
-UAL, -ITY, -IA, -LOGY, -IAN, -IOUS, -EOUS , -IENCE, -IENT, -GRAPHY , -NOMY , -METRY.
EX: 'vision, uni'versity, phy'sician, li'brarian, Ca'nadian, Au'stralian, ex'perience, im'patience,
edu'cation, a'bility, elec'tricity, bi'ology, psy'chology, Au'stralia, 'Austria, 'Asia, ge'ography,
pho'tography, e'ssential, ha'bitual, me'chanical, mathe'matical, po'litical, de'licious, pho'netics,
scien'tific, ge'ometry, a'stronomy...
Ngoại Trừ (exceptions): 'lunatic, a'rithmetic, 'politics, 'Arabic, 'television...

5) Trọng âm rơi vào các vần cuối sau đây: -ADE, -OO, -OON, -EE, -EEN, -EER, -ESE, -AIRE,
-SELF, -ETTE, -ESQUE . Ex: bamboo, millionaire, engineer, themselves, saloon, balloon, thirteen,
Vietnamese, employee, agree, picturesque, Cartoon, guarantee, kangaroo, typhoon...
*Ngoại lệ : 'centigrade , 'coffee , co'mmittee , 'cukoo , 'teaspoon…
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 2
Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the
main stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. apply

B. persuade

C. reduce

D. offer

Question 2: A. preservatives

B. congratulate

C. preferential

D. development

Question 3: A. president

B. physicist

C. inventor

D. property

Question 4: A. economy

B. unemployment

C. communicate

D. particular

Question 5: A. elephant

B. dinosaur

C. buffalo

D. mosquito

Question 6: A. scientific

B. intensity

C. disappearance

D. expectation

Question 7: A. conference

B. lecturer

C. researcher

D. reference

Question 8: A. intentional

B. optimistic

C. environment

D. participant

Question 9: A. explain

B. happen

C. decide

D. combine

Question 10: A. represent

B. intensive

C. domestic

D. employment

Question 11: A. minister

B. dependent

C. encourage

D. agreement

Question 12: A. equip

B. listen

C. answer

D. enter

Question 13: A. involve

B. provide

C. install

D. comment

Question 14: A. hospital

B. inflation

C. policy

D. constantly

Question 15: A. garment

B. comment

C. cement

D. even

Question 16: A. different

B. achievement

C. educate

D. primary


Question 17: A. sorrow

B. schooling

C. passion

D. subtract

Question 18: A. certainty

B. activity

C. organize

D. compliment

Question 19: A. publish

B. replace

C. involve

D. escape

Question 20: A. police

B. system

C. woman

D. novel

Question 21: A. attract

B. amaze

C. offer

D. require

Question 22: A. delicate

B. promotion

C. volcanic

D. resources

Question 23: A. figure

B. honest

C. polite

D. happy

Question 24: A. engage

B. import

C. conserve

D. maintain

Question 25: A. original

B. responsible

C. reasonable

D. comparison

Question 26: A. person

B. hotel

C. signal

D. instance

Question 27: A. situation

B. appropriate

C. informality

D. entertainment

Question 28: A. different

B. bamboo

C. rainfall

D. wildlife

Question 29: A. gorilla

B. interesting

C. September

D. opponent

Question 30: A. promote

B. precede

C. picture

D. pollute

II. CHỌN ĐÁP ÁN ĐÚNG
1. CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI (TAG QUESTIONS)
Công thức: S + V +………, trợ từ + S?
- Nếu câu nói trước dấu phẩy là câu khẳng định, câu hỏi đuôi phải ở thể phủ định (viết tắt).
- Nếu câu nói trước dấu phẩy là câu phủ định, câu hỏi đuôi phải ở thể khẳng định.
* Lưu ý:
- Câu hỏi đuôi của “I am” là “aren’t I”.
- Câu hỏi đuôi của “Let’s” là “Shall we”.
- Chủ ngữ là “Everyone/Everybody, Someone/Somebody, Anyone/Anybody, No one/Nobody,...” câu
hỏi đuôi là “they”.
- Chủ ngữ là “nothing, everything, something, anything” thì câu hỏi đuôi dùng “it”.
- Trong câu có các trạng từ phủ định và bán phủ định như: never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little,... thì
câu đó được xem như là câu phủ định - phần hỏi đuôi sẽ ở dạng khẳng định.
- Sau câu mệnh lệnh cách (Do.../Don’t do v.v...), câu hỏi đuôi thường là ... will you?
- Câu đầu có MUST, must có nhiều cách dùng cho nên tùy theo cách dùng mà sẽ có câu hỏi đuôi khác
nhau:
+ Must chỉ sự cần thiết thì khi thành lập hỏi đuôi ta dùng “needn’t”.
+ Must chỉ sự cấm đoán thì khi thành lập hỏi đuôi ta dùng “must”.
+ Must chỉ sự dự đoán ở hiện tại thì khi thành lập hỏi đuôi ta dựa vào động từ theo sau “must”.
- Câu cảm thán, lấy danh từ trong câu đổi thành đại từ cùng với dùng is, am, are.
- Câu đâu có I + các động từ sau: think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy, imagine, reckon,
expect, seem, feel that + mệnh đê phụ:

- NEED vừa làm động từ thường, vừa làm động từ khuyết thiếu, nên:
+ Nếu need là động từ thường thì khi thành lập hỏi đuôi ta phải mượn trợ động từ.
+ Nếu need là động từ khuyết thiếu thì khi thành lập hỏi đuôi ta dùng luôn need.


BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 1
1. The cases of COVID 19 outside China have increased thirteenfold,________?
A. hasn’t they

B. haven’t they

C. will they

D. don’t they

C. is it

D. have you

2. What you have said is wrong,_________?
A. isn’t it

B. haven’t you

3. COVID 19 can be characterized as a pandemic,________?
A. can it

B. can’t it

C. isn’t it

D. can’t they

4. The coronavirus had already overwhelmed China, South Korea, Iran and Italy,________?
A. hadn’t it

B. hasn’t it

C. didn’t it

D. wasn’t it

5. Health authorities have activated their most serious response level,________?
A. haven’t it

B. hadn’t they

C. have it

D. haven’t they

6. Your mother is cooking in the kitchen,_________?
A. isn’t she

B. doesn’t she

C. won’t she

D. is she

7. Chinese officials quickly shut down Wuhan market,_________?
A. doesn’t it

B. didn’t they

C. hadn’t they

D. do they

C. aren’t they

D. are they

8. There are no easy ways to succeed,________?
A. are there

B. aren’t there

9. No one is a better cook than my sister, ________?
A. aren’t they

B. is he

C. are they

D. is it

C. don’t they

D. will not they

C. is it

D. is this

C. isn’t he

D. does he

C. does it

D. do they

C. aren’t I

D. am I

C. do I

D. is she

C. are you

D. don’t I

10. They’ll buy a new apartment, ________?
A. will they

B. won’t they

11. This house is not safe, ________?
A. isn’t this

B. isn’t it

12. Ba rarely goes out at night, ________?
A. doesn’t he

B. is he

13. Everybody looks tired, ________?
A. doesn’t it

B. don’t they

14. I’m a bad man, ________?
A. am not I

B. isn’t I

15. I think she is a dentist, ________?
A. don’t I

B. isn’t she

16. I don’t think you are an engineer, ________?
A. do I

B. aren’t you

17. Let’s turn off the lights before going out, ________?
A. shall we

B. will you

C. shan’t we

D. won’t you

C. do you

D. will you

18. Don’t be late, ________?
A. are you

B. shall we

19. Someone wants a drink, ________?


A. doesn’t it

B. don’t they

C. do they

D. doesn’t he

C. will she

D. did they

C. should I

D. do I

C. mightn’t he

D. mayn’t he

C. are they

D. is it

20. Nobody phoned, ________?
A. do they

B. didn’t they

21. I should keep silent, ________?
A. shouldn’t I

B. don’t I

22. He mightn’t get there in time, ________?
A. might he

B. may he

23. Everything is fine, ________?
A. aren’t they

B. isn’t it

24. I wish to study English, __________________?
A. don’t I

B. do I

C. may I

D. mayn’t I

C. doesn’t it

D. does it

C. can she

D. A&B

C. don’t you

D. do you

C. had you

D. wouldn’t you

C. can he

D. don’t you

25. What a nice dress, ________?
A. is it

B. isn’t it

26. One can be one’s master, ________?
A. can’t you

B. can’t one

27. You’d better stay at home, ________?
A. hadn’t you

B. had you

28. You’d rather learn English, ________?
A. hadn’t you

B. would you

29. You don’t believe Peter can do it, ________?
A. do you

B. can’t he

30. These are 3 oranges you bought yesterday, ________?

A. aren’t they

B. are they

C. are these

D. aren’t these

C. did he

D. didn’t he

31. He seldom helps her, ________?
A. doesn’t he

B. does he

32. They never go to the library with US, ________?
A. do they

B. did they

C. don’t they

D. didn’t they

33. Mary and Peter don’t like English, ________?
A. do they

B. do Mary and Peter C. are they

D. aren’t they

34. I am not a liar, ________?
A. am I

B. aren’t I

C. do I

D. don’t I

35. What you have just said is not true, ________?
A. is it

B. isn’t it

C. haven’t you

D. has it

36. Lucy has been studying English for 4 years, ________?
A. has she

B. is she

C. hasn’t she

D. isn’t she

37. It seems that you are telling me a lie, ________?
A. doesn’t it

B. does it

38. You need take a rest, ________?

C. aren’t you

D. are you


A. don’t you

B. needn’t you

C. need you

D. A&B

C. shall we

D. don’t I

39. Let me take care of you, ________?
A. may I

B. will I

40. The ticket to London doesn’t cost a lot, ________?

A. does it

B. isn’t it

C. is it

D. doesn’t it

C. must they

D. needn’t they

C. needn’t you

D. mustn’t you

C. does she

D. mayn’t she

C. shan’t we

D. won’t you

41. They must study hard, ________?
A. mustn’t they

B. need they

42. You mustn’t come late, ________?

A. need you

B. must you

43. She wishes to go to Singapore, ________?
A. may she

B. doesn’t she

44. Let’s go for a walk, ________?
A. shall we

B. will you

45. You must have left your purse at home, ________?
A. don’t he

B. haven’t you

C. doesn’t he

D. did they

46. She must have been very happy when you told her the news, ________?
A. need she

B. mustn’t she

C. isn’t she

D. hasn’t she

C. mustn’t you

D. haven’t you

C. haven’t you

D. weren’t you

C. is this

D. isn’t this

47. You must be tired now, ________?
A. needn’t you

B. aren’t you

48. You’ve never been to Italy, ________?
A. have you

B. were you

49. This picture is yours, ________?
A. is it

B. isn’t it

50. He ought to be home by seven o’clock, ________?

A. shouldn’t he

B. mayn’t he

C. needn’t he

D. mustn’t he


I.

GERUND : ( danh động từ ) ( V + ING )
1. Subject of a sentence (lµm chđ ng÷ trong c©u)
Ex: Reading the story of Kieu is interesting .
2. Complement of To Be after Subject of Thing + To Be (lµm bỉ ng÷ cđa
®äng tõ to be sau chđ ng÷ lµ vËt)
Ex : My hobby is fishing .
3. After Prepositions (sau giíi tõ)
Ex : She is interested in learning English .
4. After some verbs : Verbs + Gerund
Admit (thừa nhận, công nhận), avoid ( tránh, né), appreciate (®¸nh gi¸ cao),
defer / delay /postpone/ put off (trì hoãn, ®×nh l¹i), deny( chối), detest/
dislike( không thích,không ưa), discuss (th¶o ln), consider( xem xét, cứu
xét), enjoy (thưởng thức, hưởng), escape (trèn tho¸t), finish (hoàn tất, làm
xong), give up/ quit: từ bỏ, thôi), imagine (tưởng tượng), keep( giữ), not
mind ( không phiền), miss (lì), practise ( thực hành), suggest( đề nghò),
prevent (ng¨n chỈn/ c¶n), can’t help( không thể ngăn cản), can’t stand
(không thể chòu đựng được), can't help (kh«ng thĨ ng¨n c¶n )resit (thi l¹i),
resist (kh¸ng cù l¹i, chèng l¹i), cease (ngõng, ®õng) ….etc.
I always avoid making noise in class.

I don’t mind doing a lot of homework.
Have you finished writing the report ?
He can’t stand working ten hours a
Anne practised playing the piano at an day.
early age
When did you give up smoking, Bill ?
5. VERB+PREPOSITIONS + GERUND : Động từ theo sau giới từ thường
dùng ở dạng Gerund.
Approve of ( chấp thuận, tán đồng), argue about ( tranh cãi về…), complain
about ( than phiền, phàn nàn về…), concentrate on ( tập trung vào…),
depend on ( tùy thuộc vào…), decide on ( quyết đònh về…), feel like ( cảm
thấy thích, thiên về…), forget about ( quên về…). Look forward to ( trông
mong, ngóng…), insist on ( nài nỉ…), keep on ( cứ tiếp tục…), object to
( phản đối về…), plan on ( dự tính về…), rely on ( tin vào, dựa vào…),
succeed in ( thành công trong việc…), think about ( nghó về…), worry about
( lo nghó về…, lo lắng về…).
I’m interested in listening to music on
the radio.
He’s bored with staying at home day
after day.
Some people are afraid of driving in
rush hours.

Many overweight people try to lose
weight by going on a diet.
Don’t forget to turn off the gas before
going out

6. ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION + GERUND: Các tính từ đi kèm giới từ
được theo sau bởi Gerund.

Accustomed to ( quen với…), afraid of ( lo sợ, e sợ về…), ashamed of ( xấu
hổ về…), capable of ( có khả năng, có thể… ) bored with ( chán với…),
disappointed in / with ( thất vọng về…), fond of ( thích về…), hopeful of
( hy vọng về…), intent on ( đeo đuổi, chăm chú về…), interested in ( quan
tâm về…), opposed to ( chống đối với…),proud of ( hãnh diện về…),


responsible for ( có trách nhiệm về…), sorry about ( ân hận về…),
successful in ( thành công trong…), surprised at ( ngạc nhiên về…), tired
from ( mệt nhọc vì…), tired of ( chán với…), worried about ( lo lắng
về….).used to ( quen với…).
Police soon get accustomed to arresting
The driver was intent on passing the
criminals.
other car.
Are you capable of completing the work
The treasurer is responsible for
within an hour ?
keeping the books
Eli Whitney is famous for inventing the
cotton gin
7. After some Verbs + Object Combinations
Ex: We saw the thief entering the house.
Or He spent five hours doing his task.
8. In some other structures :
It’s no good / use, there is no point, what’s the point of, what about , be
worth, be busy, look forward to, be used to / be accustomed to / get used to, can’t
help, can’t bear, can’t stand ……
It is no use saying that
I am used to getting up early.

II.
THE INFINITIVE ( TO + VERB )
1. Subject of the sentence ( Chủ từ của câu )
Ex : To help her is my duty.
2. Verbs + to - Infinitive
Agree ( đồng ý,nhất trí), afford, appear ( xuất hiện), arrange( sắp
xếp,thu xếp), attempt( cố gắng), ask ( đòi hỏi,yêu cầu), choose ( chọn,
lựa), decide ( quyết đònh), demand ( ra lệnh), expect ( mong,trông ngóng),
fail ( hỏng,không thành công,(thi) rớt), happen (xảy ra) , hope ( hy vọng),
learn ( hay tin), manage ( xoay sở, tự lo được), offer ( dâng ,tặng), plan
( kế hoạch, dự tính), pretend ( giả vờ), promise (hứa hẹn), refuse ( từ
chối), seem ( có vẻ như, dường như), threaten ( đe dọa), want, wish ( ao
ước), would like ( muốn), intend (dù ®Þnh), tend (cã xu híng), claim (tuyªn
bè, kh¼ng ®Þnh), desire (m¬ íc, mong mn), hope, hesitate (do dù, ngËp
ngõng) …etc.
I decide to study engineering at
We can’t afford to build a new house.
University
Bob refused to lend me his car.
She’s expecting to get a reply from
You manage to get some tickets for the
the company.
pop concert on Saturday.
Do you agree to join us for the
holyday ?
Mary learned to swim when she was
young
3. verbs + O + to - ×ninitive
want, ask, tell, request (yªu cÇu), order (sai ph¸i), beg (van xin), remind
(nh¾c nhë), invite (mêi), advise (khuyªn), warn (c¶nh b¸o), promise (høa),

encourage (khun khÝch)…
He tells me to send this letter.
The teacher encouraged Lan to join English club.
4. be/ look/ seem/ feel + ADJECTIVE + TO infinitive:
Afraid ( sợ, e sợ ), ashamed ( xấu hổ ), considerate ( tế nhò ), disappointed
( thất vọng ), eager ( hăm hở), foolish ( điên rồ), fortunate ( may mắn,


hên ), happy ( sung sướng ), lucky ( may mắn ), pleased ( hài lòng), proud (
hãnh diện), qualified ( có đủ tư cách ), ready ( sẵn sàng), sorry ( ân
hận) surprised ( ngạc nhiên), angry(giËn d÷ ), prepared (®ỵc chn bÞ), glad
(vui mõng), proud (tù hµo)
I’m afraid to drive alone at night.
Citizens ought to feel lucky to be able to
Were you disappointed not to win the
vote.
race ?
He was not at all surprised to hear the
The actress seems eager to go on stage. news.
The parents are proud to have a healthy I’m looking for someone qualified to type
child.
a thesis.
The party is ready to serve.
I'm glad to see you again.
5. After the verb TO BE
Ex : We are to pass the next exam.
My purpose is to win the next English competition.
6. After Noun ( Infinitive of Purpose ) : TO / IN ORDER TO / SO AS
TO + V(bare infinitive )
Ex : There are lots of things to do today.

Ex : He studies hard so as to pass the entrance examination.
III.
BARE - INFINITIVE
1. After modal verbs: can, may, must, …
EX: I must go home now.
2. After had better, would rather, do nothing but.
EX: He did nothing but complain about his life.
You’d better stay at home today.
3. Make
+ O + V(bare-inf.)
Let
EX: The clowns made them laugh a lot last night.
IV.
VERB FOLLOWED BY EITHER INFINITIVE OR GERUNDS
 Without changing in meaning : Start ( bắt đầu, khởi động), begin
( bắt đầu), continue ( tiếp tục), intend ( tính, dự đònh), like, love,
hate ( ghét), prefer (thích hơn, ưa hơn).
It began to rain when I went to
It began raining when I went to school
school.
When did you start to learn English ?
When did you start learning English or
?
It began raining heavily.
Does Pam continue writing to you ?
He intended making a film for
children
 VERBS + GERUND or INFINITIVE ( Cho ý nghóa khác nhau ):
Stop doing st
dõng viƯc g× l¹i

He stopped smoking three years
ago. ( He doesn’t smoke any more
now.)
Stop to do st
dõng ®Ĩ lµm g×
He stopped to smoke a cigarette. (
He stopped working in order to
smoke ).
try doing st
thư
You should try taking these tablets,
( try = thử )
try to do st
cè g¾ng
You should try to study harder.
( try = cố gắng )
forget/
quªn/nhí ®· lµm g× (V đã
I remember sending a postcard to


remember
doing st

xóy ra trc remember, forget,
regret)

forget/remem
ber to do st

quên / nhớ làm gì( To-inf
xy ra sau remember,
forget, regret)

regret doing
st
regret to do st

tiếc đã làm gì

need to do st

cần làm gì (nghĩa chủ
động)

need doing st
=need to be
done
go on doing
= to continue
doing st
go on to do

cần đợc làm gì (nghĩa
bị động)

like doing
like to do

sở thích lâu dài

thớch vỡ ngh rng nú tt, ý
thích nhất thời

lấy làm tiếc phải làm gì

my parents yesterday.
He remembers meeting you when
he was in France. ( He met you).
Don't forget to wash the dishes.
Remember to sent me a letter when
you arrive in Ho Chi Minh city. ( you
will send.)
She regretted not coming your
birthday party. So she felt bored
I regret to inform you that you've
failed your exam.
You need to practise English every
day.( = You have to practise English
every day).
Your shirt needs washing .It smells.
( = Your shirt needs to be washed ).

tiếp tục làm việc gì đó

The teacher introduced herself and
went on to explain the course.

tiếp tục làm công việc
tiếp theo (việc khác)

The teacher told everyone to be
quiet, but they just went on
talking.
I like fishing
I like to do my job well.

Notes:
would like + to- inf; feel like + V-ing (c cú ) = wish for
ALLOW, PERMIT, ADVISE, RECOMMEND
Allow = permit
V-ing
+
Advise = recommend
O + to-inf.
I permit you to go out.
I permit going out
see. smell, notice, observe, taste, feel, overhear, hear, watch + O +
Verb: khi chứng kiến toàn bộ sự việc
see. smell, notice, observe, taste, feel, overhear, hear, watch + O +
Verb - ing: khi chứng kiến một phần sự việc đang diễn ra
I saw someone get into Tom's house yesterday.
She heard him playing guitar. It's really great, but she must go away.

2. DANH NG T V NG T NGUYấN MU (GERUND AND INFINITIVE)
2.1. Nhng ng t theo sau l BARE INFINITIVE (V0)
1. MODAL VERBS
Will, would, can, could, may, might, shall, should, had better, must, ought to, have to
Eg: I can swim
2. WOULD RATHER

Eg:

We would rather die than be slaves.

3. MAKE / LET / HAVE + OBJECT
Eg. My mother made me wash my hand before dinner
Notes : passive form : be made to infinitive :
Eg: I was made to wash my hand before dinner
4. USED TO
Eg: I used to go the the beach when I studied at Quy Nhon university.
5. VERBS OF PERCEPTION ( SEE/ NOTICE/ HEAR/ FEEL/ WATCH/ SMELL)
see/ feel/ notice/ hear/ watch/ smell + object + bare infinitive ( bare infinitive mô tả toàn bộ hành động )
Eg: I saw him leave the house
2.2. Những động từ theo sau bởi “TO V”
1. VERBS + TO INFINITIVE
Agree, attempt, arrange, appear, be afford, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, forget, fail, hope,
happen, hesatite, intend, learn, long, manage, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, proceed, prove,
refuse, remember, seem, swear, tend, threaten, try, undertake, vow, volunteer, want, wish, would like…
Eg: Mary learned to swim when she was very young
2. VERB + OBJECT + TO INFINITIVE
Ask, allow, advise, beg, command, enable, encourage, forbid, force, instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade,
remind, request, show/ show how, teach/ teach how, tell/tell how, train, warn…
Eg: Joe ask Mary to call him when she woke up
Notes: MỘt số động từ có thể được dùng cả ở hai cấu trúc 1 và 2: expect, want, ask…
3. ADJECTIVES + TO INFINITIVE
able (có thể), anxious (nóng lòng), amazed (ngạc nhiên), afraid (sợ), certain (chắc chắn), contented (bằng
lòng), delighted (vui mừng), disappointed (thất vọng), difficult (khó khăn), dangerous (nguy hiểm)…….
Eg: We are ready to leave now
4. PHRASE OF PURPOSE :

Eg: He tried to study hard in order to / so as to/ to pass every exam
5. SOME STRUCTURES:
* It takes/ took+ O+ period of time+ to-V
Eg: It takes me 15 minutes to go to school.
* S+ to be + too+ adj+(for sb) + to- V
Eg: This room is too small for us to live
* S+ to be+ adj+ enough+ to- V
Eg: She is old enough to do everything by herself.


* S+ V+ enough+ N+ to- V
Eg: She doesn’t have enough time to do the housework.

2.1. Những động từ theo sau bởi “Ving”

2.3. Những động từ theo sau bởi cả “TO V hoặc Ving”
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 2
1. Students stopped________noise when the teacher came in.
A. make

B. to make

C. making

D. made

2. She couldn’t bear________ tears when she saw the film “Romeo and Juliet”.
A. shed

B. to shed

C. shedding

D. sheds

C. cooking/washed

D. cooking/washing

3. Ann likes________ but she hates________ up.
A. cook/washing

B. to cook/wash

4. I’d expected________ weight on when I gave up smoking, but I didn’t.
A. to put

B. putting

C. to putting

D. put

C. listens

D. listen

5. I enjoy________to classical music.
A. listening

B. to listen

6. I really regret________ your feeling when I asked you such a silly question.
A. hurt

B. to hurt

C. hurting

D. hurts

C. not making

D. not to make

C. buying

D. bought

C. has

D. had

C. trying escaping

D. to try escaping

7. He’ll try the same mistake again.
A. not make

B. to not make

8. Would you mind me a newspaper?
A. buy

B. to buy

9. Would you like the next dance with me?
A. to have

B. having

10. It is no use - no one ever gets out of here.
A. trying to escape

B. to try to escape

11. Did you remember________Ann? - Oh, no. I completely forgot it.
A. phone

B. to phone

C. phoning

D. phoned

12. Does the city government intend________anything about pollution?
A. do

B. to do

C. doing

D.did

13. Those shirts need________but you needn’t________them now.
A. iron/iron

B. to iron/to iron

C. ironing/iron

D. ironed/to iron

14. They finished________and then they wanted________out for pleasure.


A. learn/to go

B. to learn/go

C. learnt/goes

D. learning/to go

C. not doing

D. to not do

15. I hope________that tiring work again.

A. not do

B. not to do

16. They postponed________an Element School for the lack of finance.
A. built

B. to build

C. building

D. builds

17. It’s no use________him. He never allows anybody________him advice.
A. advise/give

B. to advise/to give

C. advising/giving

D. advising/to give

C. listening

D. listened

C. met

D. meeting

18. Are his ideas worth________to?
A. listen

B. to listen

19. He always avoids________me in the streets.
A. meet

B. to meet

20. My parents decided________a taxi because it was late.
A. take

B. to take

C. taking

D. took

C. lending

D. lent

C. to give

D. gave

21. Do you agree________me some money?
A. lend

B. to lend

22. Tom refuses________his address.
A. give

B. giving

23. The passengers asked her how________ to the police station?
A. to get

B. getting

C. got

D. get

24. My friends arranged________ at the airport in time.
A. meet

B. to meet

C. meeting

D. met

25. Do you plan________ out or________ at home at this weekend?
A. go/stay

B. to go/stay

C. going/stay

D. to go/staying

26. I dislike_______ in line.- So do I. That’s why I prefer________ at night when there are fewer people
in the supermarket.
A. wait/shop

B. to wait/shopping

C. waiting/shopping

D. waiting/to shop

C. to working

D. working

C. stopped

D. stop

27. He continued________ after his illness.
A. worked

B. to work

28. My watch’s hands keep________.
A. stopping

B. to stop

29. My grandfather is used to________ up early in the morning.
A. getting

B. to get

C. get

D. got

30. Don’t forget________ her my message when you see her.
A. give

B. to give

C. giving

D. gave

C. considering

D. considered

31. I can’t help________ his opinions.
A. consider

B. to consider

32. You should try________ any shirts you want to buy.

A. wear

B. to wear

C. wearing

D. wears


33. He used to fall asleep without ________ his shoes off.
A. take

B. to take

C. taking

D. taken

34. He spent many hours ________ to repair his car.
A. try

B. to try

C. trying

D. tries

35. Mary agreed ________ to the circus with Ann.
A. went

B. to go

C. going

D. goes

C. buying

D. buys

36. Mike is considering ________ a new car.
A. bought

B. to buy

37. Mrs. Green prefers________ TV to________ to the cinema.
A. watching/go

B. to watch/going

C. watching/going

D. watches/go

38. She expects________ him tomorrow, but I look forward to_______ him right away.
A. see/see

B. to see/see

C. see/seeing

D. to see/seeing

C. wearing

D. wore

39. They advised me ________ a raincoat.
A. wear

B. to wear

40. You’d better________ what you think in front of the conference.
A. say

B. to say

C. saying

D. said

41. I regret________ able to attend your birthday party yesterday.
A. not to be

B. to not be

C. not be

D. not being

42. I had to ask the boys________ ________ billiards all the day.
A. to stop/playing

B. to stop/to play

C. stopping/playing

D. stops/to play

43. My teacher promised ________me________ for my next examination.
A. help/prepare

B. to help/prepare

C. helping/to prepare D. helped/preparing

44. Did you manage________ ________ these parcels alone?
A. finishing/to pack

B. finishing/packing

C. to finish/to pack

D. to finish/packing

45. American women have got used to________ independently recently.
A. live

B. to live

C. living

D. lives

46. We won’t let you________ what we are going to do with him.
A. know

B. to know

C. knowing

D. known

47. I suggest________ money for the poor people in our neighborhood.
A. save

B. to save

C. saving

D. saved

48. The candidates are not allowed________ their mobile phones for their exams.
A. take

B. to take

C. taking

D. takes

C. drunk

D. drink

49. This coffee is too hot for me________.
A. to drink

B. drinking

50. My English teacher encouraged me________ English grammar more carefully.
A. to learn

B. learn

C. learning

3. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES)

D. being learned


Câu điều kiện dùng để nêu lên một giả thiết về một sự việc, mà sự việc đó chỉ có thể xảy ra khi điều kiện
được nói đến xảy ra.
Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần (hai mệnh đề):
+ Mệnh đề chính (main clause) là mệnh đề chỉ kết quả.
+ Mệnh đề if (if-clause) là mệnh đề phụ chỉ điều kiện.
Hai mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện có thể đổi chỗ cho nhau được. Nếu muốn nhấn mạnh điều kiện, ta đặt ifclause ở đầu câu và có dấu phẩy (,) ở giữa hai mệnh đề. Nếu muốn nhấn mạnh kết quả, ta đặt “main
clause” ở đầu và giữa hai mệnh đề không có dấu phẩy.
Các loại câu điêu kiện

Có 3 loại câu điều kiện: Loại 1 (câu điều kiện có thật trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai), loại 2 (câu điều kiện
không có thật trong hiện tại), loại 3 (câu điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ).
3.1. Câu điều kiện loại 1
Công thức

Cách dùng

If + S + V(hiện tại đơn), S + will/can/may/should/ought - diễn tả về tình
to/must + V
huống có thể xảy ra
ở hiện tại hoặc tương
If it rains, we will stay at home.
lai.
(Nếu trời mưa, chúng tôi sẽ ở nhà).
If + S + V(hiện tại đơn), V/don’t V + ...
If you know the answer, raise your hand.
(Nếu bạn biết câu trả lời, hãy giơ tay).

- dùng để đưa ra lời
chỉ dẫn, yêu cầu hoặc
mệnh lệnh.

If you need the help, don’t hesitate to call me.
(Nếu bạn cấn giúp đỡ, đừng chần chừ gọi cho mình nhé).
If + S + V(hiện tại đơn), S + V(hiện tại đơn)
If you eat too much, you are overweight.
(Nếu bạn ăn nhiều, bạn sẽ béo phì).
If you put a bowl of water in the sun, it evaporates.

- diễn tả sự thật hiển

nhiên, một quy luật
tự nhiên hoặc một
hành động xảy ra
thường xuyên.

(Nếu bạn để một bát nước dưới trời nắng, nó sẽ bốc hơn).
Should + S + V (bare), S + will/can/may...+ V

- để câu nói thêm
trang trọng ta dùng
Should you see her, remind her to call me as soon as possible.
đảo ngữ (thay “if’
(Nếu bạn gặp cô ấy, nhắc cô ấy gọi cho mình càng sớm càng tốt bằng “should”)
nhé”).

3.2. Câu điều kiện loại 2
Công thức
Cách dùng
If + S + V(quá khứ đơn), S + would/could/might + - diễn tả những giả định trái
V(bare)
ngược với thực tế ở hiện tại
If I had money now, I would buy a new car.
(Nếu tôi có tiền bây giờ, tôi sẽ mua một chiếc ô tô mới).


Were + S + (to V)... , S + would/could/might + V(bare)
Were you in my situation, what would you do?

- để câu nói thêm trang
trọng ta dùng đảo ngữ

(Bạn sẽ làm gì nếu bạn ở trong hoàn cảnh của tôi?)

3.3. Câu điều kiện loại 3
Công thức

Cách dùng

If + S + V(quá khứ hoàn thành), S + would/could/might+ have - diễn tả những giả
+ Vp2
định trái ngược với
If I had seen the football match last night, I would have told you thực tế ờ quá khứ.
about it.
(Nếu tối qua tôi xem trận bóng đó, tôi đã có thể kể với bạn về nó).
Had + S + Vp2, S + would/could/might+ have + Vp2

- để câu nói thêm
Had I known you were coming to Ha Noi, I wouldn’t have gone trang trọng ta dùng
đảo ngữ (đảo “had”
on holiday.
của mệnh đề “if”
(Nếu tôi biết bạn tới Hà Nội thì tôi có lẽ đã không đi du lịch).
lên đầu).
If it hadn’t been for + N, S + would/could/might+ have + Vp2
= Had it not been for + N, S + would/could/might+ have + Vp2
= But for/without + N, S + would/could/might+ have + Vp2

- để nhấn mạnh
danh từ trong câu
điều kiện loại 3.

(nếu không có....thì...đã)
If it hadn’t been for his father’s help, he wouldn’t have succeeded.
= Had it not been for his father’s help, he wouldn’t have succeeded.
= But for/without his father’s help, he wouldn’t have succeeded.
(Nếu không có sự giúp đỡ của bô’ anh ấy, anh ấy có lẽ đã không
thành công).
3.4. Câu điều kiện kết hợp
Công thức
If + S + V(quá khứ hoàn thành), S + would/could + V(bare)
If I had had breakfast, I wouldn’t feel hungry now.
(Nếu tôi đã ăn sáng thì bây giờ tôi đã không thấy đói).
If + S + V(quá khứ đơn), S + would/could/might + have + Vp2

Cách dùng
kết hợp câu điều
kiện loại 3 và loại
2.

kết hợp câu điều
If I didn’t I have to go to school today, I would have gone on kiện loại 2 và loại
3.
holiday with my parents yesterday.
(Nếu như hôm nay tôi không phải đi học thì có lẽ hôm qua tôi đã đi
nghỉ mát với ba mẹ rồi).
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 3
1. ________, he would have been able to pass the exam.


A. If he had been studied more

B. Had he studied more

C. If he studied more

D. If he studies more

2. According to some historians, if Napoleon had not invaded Russia, he________the rest of the world.
A. had conquered

B. would conquer

C. would have conquered

D. conquered

3. Tony would have forgotten the appointment if I________him.
A. don’t remind

B. didn’t remind

C. hadn’t reminded

D. reminded

4. “I’m going out now.” -”________you happen to pass a chemist’s, please get me some aspirins.”
A. Had

B. Should

C. Did

D. Were

5. “What would you do in my position?” - “Were________like that, I would complain to the manager.”
A. I be treated

B. I treated

C. I to be treated

D. to treat

6. Had I studied harder, I________better in the last exam.
A. would do

B. would have done

C. had done

D. wouldn’t have done

7. The book would have been perfect________the ending.
A. had it not been for

B. it had not been for

C. it hadn’t been for

D. hadn’t it been for

8. He said if he had not answered the phone at the petroleum station then, he________a fine.
A. would pay

B. hadn’t paid

C. had been paid

D. wouldn’t have had to pay

9. If________taller, I might be better at basketball.
A. I am

B. I were

C. I had been

D. were I

C. Were you to find

D. If you found

10. ________the book, please return it to me.
A. Should you find

B. You find

11. If she________sick, she would have been to the party with me.
A. wasn’t

B. hadn’t been

C. hasn’t been

D. weren’t

12. ________anyone object, the plan will be reconsidered.
A. If

B. Should

C. Do

D. Might

13. Had I known that you were ill last week,________.
A. I would have gone to see you

B. I would go to see you

C. I will go to see you

D. I shall have gone to see you

14. Students will not be allowed into the exam room if they________their student cards.
A. don’t show

B. didn’t show

C. showed

D. hadn’t showed

15. Without your help, I________the technical problem with my computer the other day.
A. wouldn’t solve

B. couldn’t have solved

C. could solve

D. can’t solve

16. If Martin were here now, he________US to solve this difficult problem.
A. would help

B. helps

C. will help

17. If he didn’t have to work today, he________his children to the zoo.

D. has helped


A. will take

B. takes

C. would take

D. has taken

18. If you didn’t have to leave today, I________you around the city.
A. have shown

B. showed

C. will show

D. would show

19. If our teacher were here now, he________US with this difficult exercise.
A. has helped

B. helps

C. will help

D. would help

20. If he were younger, he________a professional running competition now.
A. will join

B. had joined

C. would have joined D. would join

21. If you watch this film, you________about the cultures of Southeast Asian countries.
A. learned

B. were learning

C. will learn

D. would learn

22. If he were better qualified, he________get the job.
A. will

B. can

C. may

D. could

23. If life________predictable it would cease to be life, and be without flavor.
A. is

B. would be

C. were

D. had been

24. That sounds like a good offer. I________it if I________you.
A. would accept - were

B. accepted - would be

C. accept - will be

D. will accept - were

25. If he improved his IT skills, he________a job.
A. will easily get

B. would easily get

C. will easily have got

D. would easily have got

26. If it had not rained last night, the roads in the city________so slippery now.
A. must not be

B. would not be

C. could not have been

D. would not have been

27. ________ten minutes earlier, you would have got a better seat.
A. Had you arrived

B. If you arrived

C. Were you arrived

D. If you hadn’t arrived

28. If it________their encouragement, he could have given it up.
A. hadn’t been for

B. wouldn’t have been for

C. had been for

D. hadn’t been

29. But for his kind support, I________.
A. would not have succeeded

B. did not succeed

C. had not succeeded

D. would succeed

30. - Jean: “Why didn’t you tell me about the plans for the merge?”
- Jack: “I would have told you________.”
A. if you asked me

B. had you asked me

C. you had asked to me

D. you were asking me

31. We________on the beach now if we hadn’t missed the plane.

A. will lie

B. could be lying

C. will be lying

32. If I were in charge, I________things differently.

D. might have lain


A. had done

B. would do

C. would have done

D. will do

33. If a drop of oil is placed in a glass of water, it________to the top.
A. will float

B. would float

C. does float

D. should float

34. ________anyone call, just say I’ll be back in the office at four o’clock.
A. If

B. Were

C. Should

D. Unless

35. ________me twice my current salary, I wouldn’t work for them.
A. If they paid

B. Weren’t they paid

C. Were they not to pay

D. Had they not paid

36. If I________just one year younger, I would be eligible for the scholarship.
A. am

B. will be

C. would be

D. were

37. If we are not busy this weekend, we________the new fruit farm in the countryside.
A. will visit

B. would visit

C. would have visited D. visited

38. If you follow my directions, you________her house easily.
A. would find

B. would have found

C. found

D. will find

39. ________advised on what and how to prepare for the interview, he might have got the job.
A. Had he been

B. If he had

C. Unless he had been D. Were he to be

40. If my father________bankrupt last year, he could own the luxurious car now.
A. didn’t go

B. hadn’t gone

C. wasn’t going

D. weren’t to go

41. If I had enough money, I________abroad to improve my English.
A. will go

B. would go

C. should go

D. go

42. If you________to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.
A. listen

B. had listened

C. will listen

D. listened

43. If you________Tom, tell him I have a message for him.
A. will meet

B. would meet

C. meet

D. met

44. If I lived nearer the centre, I________always late for work.
A. wouldn’t be

B. can be

C. won’t be

D. will be

45. If we had known your new address, we________to see you.
A. came

B. will come

C. would come

D. would have come

C. Should

D. Would

46. ________she agreed, you would have done it.
A. If

B. Had

47. If you________to be chosen for the job, you’ll have to be experienced in the field.
A. want

B. wanted

C. had wanted

D. wants

48. If the doctor had arrived sooner, the boy________saved.
A. might be

B. have been

C. was

D. might have been

49. If there________enough water, the rice fields could have been more productive.
A. had been

B. were

C. would be

D. are

50. If he________a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.
A. had had

B. had

C. has

D. has had


4. THÌ ĐỘNG TỪ (VERB TENSES)
4.1. Tóm tắt cách dùng của các thì động từ

FORM

TENSES

I, We, You, They + V
He, She, It

+ V s, es

1.
(be  am / is / are)
Simple
Present
S + do / does not + V
Do / does + S + V ?
S + am / is / are + V-ing

2. Present
Continuous

S + am / is / are + not +
V-ing

EXAMPLES

CLUES

-He
drinks

everyday.

tea every, always, constantly
(luôn
luôn),
usually,
often,
frequently,
-They don’t like cats.
generally,
normally
-Does she go to (thường),
sometimes,
school by bus?
occasionally
(thỉnh
thoảng),
seldom
(ít
khi),
-She is a good
rarely (hiếm khi), never
student.
(không bao giờ), on
Mondays, Tuesdays, ……

-Diễn tả 1 thói
quen, 1 hđ xảy ra
thường xuyên ở
HT

-What are you doing now, right now, at the
at the moment?
moment, at present, this
-Look! The child is (summer, year …), ngoại
trừ this morning
crying

-Diễn tả 1 hđ đang
diễn ra và kéo dài
1 time ở HT

-He
is
tomorrow

coming look, listen, be quiet, keep
silent ….

3.
S + have / has + not + V3/ed
Present
Perfect
Have / has + S + V3/ed?

-Diễn tả 1 chân lý,
1 sự thật hiển
nhiên.

-Thường tiếp theo

sau câu đề nghị,
mệnh lệnh
-Diễn tả hđ sắp
xảy ra

Am / is / are + S + V-ing?

S + have / has + V3/ed

USAGE

-I have just seen my just (vừa mới), recently
sister in the park
(gần đây), lately (vừa rồi),
-Daisy has read that already (vừa xong), yet
(chưa), never (chưa bao
novel several times.
giờ), once (1 lần), twice (2
-Mary has lived in lần), three times, several
this house for ten times, mamy times, since
years
(từ khi), for (khoảng tg),
-I have gone to Hanoi so far = until now = up to
now = up to the present
(cho tới bây giờ), this is
the first / second / third
…time, ….

SINCE + mốc tg (since
1998, since last week,

since I last saw him)
FOR + khoảng tg (for 2
hours / days, for the past)
HTHT + since + QKĐ

-Diễn tả 1 hđ vừa
mới xảy ra
-Diễn tả 1 hđ được
lặp đi lặp lại ở QK
-Diễn tả 1 hđ bắt
đầu từ QK mà còn
kéo dài tới HT
-Diễn tả 1 hđ xảy
ra trong QK mà
không biết rõ tg


S + have / has + been +
4.
Present V-ing
Perfect
Contin
uous
S + V2/ed
5.
Simple
Past

(be  was / were)
S + didn’t + V

Did + S + V ?

-How long have you since, for
been
studying
English?
-I have been studying
English for ten years.

-Diễn tả 1 hđ bắt
đầu từ QK mà còn
kéo dài liên tục tới
HT và còn có khả
năng tiếp tục ở TL

-Tom went to Paris ago, yesterday, in + year
last month
in the past, last (week,
-The World War II month, year), in the past,
in those days, ...
was terrible

-Diễn tả 1 hđ xảy
ra trg QK, chấm
dứt rồi và biết rõ
tg.
-Diễn tả sự kiện
lịch sử

S + was / were + V-ing

6. Past
Contin
uous

-Yesterday, he was
S + was / were + not + V- listening to music in
his room all the
ing
afternoon
Was / were + S + V-ing ?
-What were you
doing at this time
yesterday?
-When
I
came
yesterday, he was
sleeping

at + hour in the past (at
2.30 yesterday), at that
time, at this time + time
in the past (at this time in
2000), all + time (all tha
day), during + time
(during the day), when,
while

S + hadn’t + V3/ed

Had + S + V3/ed?

-Diễn tả hđ xảy ra
vào 1 thời điểm ở
QK
- Diễn tả hđ đang
xảy ra ở QK thì có
hđ khác xen vào
-Diễn tả 2 hđ đang
cùng xảy ra trong
QK

-I was cooking while
my
sister
was
studying last night.
S + had + V3/ed

-Diễn tả hđ xảy ra
và kéo dài 1 tg ở
QK

-We had lived in Hue when, after, before, …. - Diễn tả hđ xảy ra
before 1999
No
sooner
…than, trước 1hđ khác trg
…..hardly…when
…

QK, hoặc trước 1
-After the children
thời điểm trg QK
had finished their  After + QKHT, QKĐ
homework, they went
 Before + QKĐ, QKHT
to bed.
 S + had + no sooner +
V3/ed + than + S + V2/ed

7. Past
Perfect

 S + had + hardly +
V3/ed + when + S +
V2/ed
S + had + been + V-ing
8. Past
Perfect
Contin
uous
9.
Simple
Future

-The men had been by + time in the past + for
playing cards for 2 + time (by July last year
hours before I came
for 3 year…), before …
-By July last year, I

had been living in
Paris for 3 years

S + will + Vo
S + won’t + Vo
Will + S + Vo ?

- I will call you someday, tomorrow, next
tomorrow
(week / month / year),
soon, in + future time

- Diễn tả hđ QK đã
xảy ra và kéo dài
cho đến khi hđ QK
thứ hai xảy ra

-Diễn tả hđ sẽ xảy
ra trg TL


S + will + be + V-ing

-What will you be when, while, at + time in
doing when I come the future (at 2.30
tomorrow?
tomorrow), at this time
-He will be doing tomorrow

10.

Future
Contin
uous

research at this time
tomorrow
S + will + have + V3/ed

11.
Future
Perfect

12.
Future
Perfect
Contin
uous

-I will have finished by the time, by then, by +
my work by noon.
point of time (by noon, by
June …)

S + will + have + been + V- -By March 15th, I will
ing
have been working
for this company for
6 years.

- Diễn tả hđ sẽ xảy

ra và kéo dài suốt
1 tg ở TL
- Diễn tả hđ sẽ
đang xảy ra vào 1
thời điểm ở TL
- Diễn tả hđ sẽ
hoàn tất trước 1
thời điểm ở TL
hoặc trước 1 hđ
khác ở TL
-Diễn tả hđ sẽ
hoàn tất trước 1
thời điểm ở TL
hoặc trước 1 hđ
khác ở TL nhấn
mạnh tính liên tục
của hđ

4.2. Sự phối thì
Một số cách hòa hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian:
Main clause

Adverbial clause of time

(Mệnh đề chính)

(Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)

Present tenses

Present tenses

Past tenses

Past tenses

Future tenses

Present tenses

1. TLĐ + until / when / as soon as + HTĐ
I will wait here until she comes back.
2. TLĐ + after + HTHT
He will go home after he has finished his work.
3. while / when / as + QKTD, QKĐ
While I was going to school, I met my friend.
4. QKĐ + while / when / as + QKTD
It (start) --------------- to rain while the boys (play) -------------- football.
5.

QKTD + while + QKTD
Last night, I was doing my homework while my sister was playing games.

6. HTHT + since + QKĐ
I (work) -------------------- here since I (graduate)---------------------.
7. TLHT + by / by the time + HTĐ
He will have left by the time you arrive.
8. QKHT + by the time / before + QKĐ
He (leave) ------------------ by the time I came.
9. After + QKHT, QKĐ

After I had finished my homework, I (go) --------------- to bed.
10. QKĐ + after + QKHT
I (go) ----------------- to bed after I (finish) ---------------- my work.
11. Before + QKĐ + QKHT
Before she (have) ---------------- dinner, she (write) ------------- letter.
12. QKHT + before + QKĐ
She (write) ---------------- a letter before she (have) ---------------- dinner.
13. QKĐ + since then + HTHT

I (graduate) ---------------- in 2002 since then I (work) --------------- here.

* Đổi thì quá khứ đơn sang hiện tại hoàn thành
1. S + last + V quá khứ đơn + thời gian + ago.


 S + V hiện tại hoàn thành (phủ định) + for + thời gian
 It’s + thời gian + since + S + last + V quá khứ đơn.
 The last time + S + V quá khứ đơn + was + thời gian + ago.
2. This is the first time + S + HTHT khẳng định
 S + HTHT never + before
3. S + began / started + V-ing + --- S + have / has + V3/-ed + for / since --Ex: We last went to London two years ago.
= We ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------= It’s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------= The last time ----------------------------------------------------------------------------This is the first time I have visited Hanoi.
- I ------------------------------------------------------------------------------I began learning English five years ago.
- I have ------------------------------------------------------------------------

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 4
1. Jane________law at Harvard for four years now.
A. is studying

B. has been studying

C. studies

D. studied

2. This time tomorrow________on the beach sunbathing and drinking freshly squeezed fruit juice!
A. I’ll have been lying

B. I will lie

C. I will be lying

D. I will have lain

3. We________for three hours and we are very tired.
A. waited

B. have been waiting

C. wait

D. had waited

4. She________for hours. That’s why her eyes are red now.
A. cried

B. has been crying

C. was crying

D. has cried

C. was living

D. lived

5. When I last saw him, he________in London.
A. is living

B. has been living

6. By the time he arrives here tomorrow, they________for London.
A. would have left

B. will have left

C. will left

D. are leaving

7. Mr. Pike________English at our school for 20 years before he retired last year.
A. had been teaching

B. has been teaching

C. was teaching

D. is teaching

8. They________for Japan at 10.30 tomorrow.

A. will be leaving

B. have left

C. will have left

D. will leave

9. When I________to the airport, I realized that I________my passport at home.