Chapter
8-1
CHAPTER 8
INTERNAL
CONTROL
AND CASH
Accounting Principles, Eighth Edition
Chapter
8-2
Study Objectives
Study Objectives
1.
Define internal control.
2.
Identify the principles of internal control.
3.
Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash
receipts.
4.
Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash
disbursements.
5.
Describe the operation of a petty cash fund.
6.
Indicate the control features of a bank account.
7.
Prepare a bank reconciliation.
8.
Explain the reporting of cash.
Chapter
8-3
Internal Control and Cash
Internal Control and Cash
Internal
Internal
Control
Control
Cash
Cash
Controls
Controls
The SarbanesOxley Act
Principles
Control over
cash receipts
Control over
cash
disbursements
Limitations
Chapter
8-4
Use
Useof
ofaa Bank
Bank
Making
deposits
Writing checks
Bank
statements
Reconciling the
bank account
Reporting
Reporting
Cash
Cash
Cash
equivalents
Restricted
cash
Compensating
balances
Internal Control
Internal Control
Methods and measures adopted to:
1. Safeguard assets.
2. Enhance accuracy and reliability of accounting records.
Reduce risk of:
a. Errors (unintentional)
b. Irregularities (intentional)
Under the SarbanesOxley Act, all publicly traded U.S. corporations are required to maintain
an adequate system of internal control.
Chapter
8-5
LO 1 Define internal control.
Internal Control
Internal Control
The SarbanesOxley Act
Companies must
develop principles of control over financial reporting.
continually verify that controls are working.
Independent auditors must attest to the level of internal control.
SOX created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
(PCAOB).
Chapter
8-6
LO 1 Define internal control.
Internal Control
Internal Control
Principles of Internal Control
Illustration 81
Measures vary with
size and nature of the
business.
management’s control
philosophy.
Chapter
8-7
LO 2 Identify the principles of internal control.
Internal Control
Internal Control
Principles of Internal Control
ESTABLISHMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY
Control is most effective when only one person is responsible for a given
task.
SEGREGATON OF DUTIES
Related duties, including physical custody and record keeping, should be
assigned to different individuals.
DOCUMENTATION PROCEDURES
Companies should use prenumbered documents for all documents should be
accounted for.
Chapter
8-8
LO 2 Identify the principles of internal control.
Internal Control
Internal Control
Principles of Internal Control
Illustration 83
PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL, AND ELECTRONIC CONTROLS
Physical
Mechanical
and Electronic
Chapter
8-9
LO 2 Identify the principles of internal control.
Internal Control
Internal Control
Principles of Internal Control
INDEPENDENT INTERNAL VERIFICATION
1. Records periodically verified by an employee who is independent.
2.
Discrepancies reported to management.
OTHER CONTROLS
1. Bond employees.
2. Rotate employees’ duties and require vacations.
3. Conduct background checks.
Chapter
8-10
LO 2 Identify the principles of internal control.
Internal Control
Internal Control
Limitations of Internal Control
Costs should not exceed benefit.
Human element.
Size of the business.
Chapter
8-11
LO 2 Identify the principles of internal control.
Cash Controls
Cash Controls
Internal Control over Cash Receipts
Establishment of
Responsibility
Documentation
Procedures
Independent Internal
Verification
Only designated personnel are
authorized to handle cash
receipts (cashiers)
Use remittance advice (mail
receipts), cash register tapes,
and deposit slips
Supervisors count cash receipts
daily; treasurer compares total
receipts to bank deposits daily
Segregation of Duties
Physical, Mechanical,
and Electronic Controls
Other Controls
Different individuals receive
cash, record cash receipts, and
hold the cash
Store cash in safes and bank
vaults; limit access to
storage areas; use cash
registers
Bond personnel who handle
cash; require employees to take
vacations; deposit all cash in
bank daily
Illustration 85
Chapter
8-12
LO 3 Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash receipts.
Cash Controls
Cash Controls
Discussion Question
Q83. At the corner grocery store, all sales clerks make change
out of one cash register drawer. Is this a violation of internal
control? Why?
See notes page for discussion
Chapter
8-13
LO 3 Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash receipts.
Cash Controls
Cash Controls
Cash consists of coins, currency, checks, money orders, and money on
hand or on deposit in a bank.
Cash receipts come from:
cash sales
collections on account from customers
receipt of interest, rent, and dividends
investments by owners
bank loans
proceeds from the sale of noncurrent assets
Chapter
8-14
LO 3 Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash receipts.
Cash Controls
Cash Controls
Discussion Question
Q88. The management of Sewell Company asks you, as the
company accountant, to explain (a) the concept of reasonable
assurance in internal control and (b) the importance of the human
factor in internal control.
See notes page for discussion
Chapter
8-15
LO 3 Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash receipts.
Cashier’s Department
OvertheCounter Receipts
OvertheCounter Receipts
Sales Department
Illustration 87
Prepare daily summary
Prepare deposit slip
Cashier ring up sales
Supervisor
1. reads register totals
2. makes cash counts
3. prepares cash count sheets
Chapter
8-16
Bank
Treasurer
Accounting
(deposit)
(verification)
(record)
LO 3 Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash receipts.
Mail Receipts
Mail Receipts
Control Procedures:
Mail receipts should be opened by two people, a list prepared, and
each check endorsed.
Copy of the list, along with the checks and remittance advices, sent
to cashier’s department.
Cashier adds the checks to the overthecounter receipts and
prepares a daily cash summary and makes the daily bank deposit.
Copy of list sent to treasurer’s office for comparison with total
shown on daily cash summary.
Chapter
8-17
LO 3 Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash receipts.
Cash Controls
Cash Controls
Review Question
Permitting only designated personnel to handle cash receipts
is an application of the principle of:
a. segregation of duties.
b. establishment of responsibility.
c. independent check.
d. other controls.
Chapter
8-18
LO 3 Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash receipts.
Cash Controls
Cash Controls
Internal Control over Cash Disbursements
Generally, internal control over cash disbursements is more
effective when companies pay by check, rather than by cash.
Applications:
Voucher system
Electronic funds transfers (EFT) system
Petty cash fund
Chapter
8-19
LO 4 Explain the applications of internal control principles
to cash disbursements.
Cash Controls
Cash Controls
Internal Control over Cash Disbursements
Establishment of
Responsibility
Documentation
Procedures
Independent Internal
Verification
Only designated personnel are
authorized to sign checks
(treasurer)
Use prenumbered checks and
account for them in
sequence; each check must
have an approved invoice
Compare checks to invoices;
reconcile bank statement
monthly
Segregation of Duties
Physical, Mechanical, and
Electronic Controls
Different individuals approve
and make payments; check
signers do not record
disbursements
Store blank checks in safes,
with limited access; print check
amounts by machine in
indelible ink
Other Controls
Stamp invoices
PAID
Illustration 88
Chapter
8-20
LO 4 Explain the applications of internal control principles
to cash disbursements.
Cash Controls
Cash Controls
Discussion Question
Q814. Joe Griswold Company’s internal controls over cash
disbursements provide for the treasurer to sign checks imprinted
by a checkwriting machine in indelible ink after comparing the
check with the approved invoice. Identify the internal control
principles that are present in these controls.
See notes page for discussion
Chapter
8-21
LO 4 Explain the applications of internal control principles
to cash disbursements.
Cash Controls
Cash Controls
Review Question
The use of prenumbered checks in disbursing cash is an
application of the principle of:
a. establishment of responsibility.
b. segregation of duties.
c. physical, mechanical, and electronic controls.
d. documentation procedures.
Chapter
8-22
LO 4 Explain the applications of internal control principles
to cash disbursements.
Cash Controls
Cash Controls
Internal Control over Cash Disbursements
Voucher System
Network of approvals, by authorized individuals, to ensure all
disbursements by check are proper.
A voucher is an authorization form prepared for each
expenditure.
Chapter
8-23
LO 4 Explain the applications of internal control principles
to cash disbursements.
Cash Controls
Cash Controls
Internal Control over Cash Disbursements
Electronic Funds Transfers (EFT)
Disbursement systems that uses wire, telephone, or computers
to transfer cash balances between locations.
Chapter
8-24
LO 4 Explain the applications of internal control principles
to cash disbursements.
Cash Controls
Cash Controls
Internal Control over Cash Disbursements
Petty Cash Fund Used to pay small amounts.
Involves:
1. establishing the fund,
2. making payments from the fund, and
3. replenishing the fund.
Chapter
8-25
LO 5 Describe the operation of a petty cash fund.