A few significant protestant christian denominations officially recognised by the vietnamese government in the approach through socio history from 2007 to present

DEDICATION

To all Christians in Vietnam,
“Your labour is not in vain”

“Therefore, my beloved brethren, be steadfast, immovable, always abounding

in the work of the Lord, knowing that your toil is not in vain in the Lord.”
1 Corinthians 15: 58
(NASB)


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
My deepest appreciations and gratitudes to:
My master degree thesis supervisor, Đỗ Quang Hưng of Vietnam National
University - Social Science Humanities, Hanoi, for your guidance, wisdom and
knowledge that gave me the courage to fulfil my dream to accomplished this thesis.
The Director of Institute, Vice-Director of Institute and Staff of Institute of
Vietnamese Studies and Development Science (IVIDES) of Vietnam National
University (VNU), Hanoi, for having faith in me, allowed me to study the Master
Degree in Vietnamese Studies programme inspite of my academic discipline
challenges.
Senior Pastor, Eldership Board and Crossfields Missions of DUMC - Dream Centre,
Malaysia, who have faith and believe in who I am.
David Steven, for your generosity and great assistance in sharing your boundiful
resources, in order to make this master degree thesis from a dream to a reality.
Gerry Keener, USA, your humbleness and great assistance in sharing your
experiences and materials that I needed for the master degree thesis.
Nguyễn Quang Trung, President of Vietnam Mennonite Church, HCMC, for your
time, materials and sharing of your experiences that touches my heart deeply.
Lê Quốc Huy, President of Vietnam Baptist Convention, HCMC, for your time and

sharing of the experiences that the denomination has gone through.


Trần Thanh Truyện, Executive General Secretary of Vietnam Seventh-Day
Adventist Church, HCMC, for your big serving heart, who willingly share materials
of all kinds in order for me to get this master degree thesis done.
Lâm Hữu Đức, President of Vietnam Methodist Church, Dong Nai Province,
Vietnam, thanks for your support, encouragements and timely advice as my
godfather throughout these times. You never give up on me!
Friends of Class K8 IVIDES, VNU, Hanoi - for your warm friendships and caring
support throughout my master degree programme study.
Friends of Class of K9 IVIDES, VNU, Hanoi – for your friendships and
encouragements throughout my master degree programme study. We made it, K9!
My beloved ones, for your understanding, encouragements and support. Through
good and bad times, you are always there for me! With you, I could go through all
kinds of roller coasters in this journey of my life.
Above all, I want to give thanks to the LORD God, the Almighty Father of Heavens
and the Earth, for loving and choosing me at such a time like this, serving You as an
empty vessel, be an impactor and to make known Your Name.
Last but not least, my close friends who directly or indirectly, locally and overseas,
have played your roles in keeping me insanity and in sober while I was writing this
master degree thesis.


DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP
I, Annette Wong Ai Khim (Vương Tâm), declares that this master degree thesis
title, “A Few Significant Protestant Christian Denominations Officially
Recognised By The Vietnamese Government In The Approach Through SocioHistory From 2007 To Present,” and the work presented in it are my own. I
confirm that:


Where the work was done wholly or mainly while in candidature for the master
degree with the Institute of Vietnamese Studies and Development Science
(IVIDES) of Vietnam National University, Hanoi.



Where I have quoted from work of others, the resources are always given with
the exceptions and statements of such quotations; this master degree thesis is
entirely my own effort of research work and writings.



Where the resources and materials I received, researched, collected and used
including the Internet, have been fully identified, cited and referenced
accordingly as required of me.

Hanoi, Date _____, Month ______, Year 2016

_______________________
Annette Wong Ai Khim
(Vương Tâm)


ENDORSEMENT OF THE MASTER THESIS WORK

BY MASTER THESIS SUPERVISOR
I have read and agree with the content of this master thesis work done by the master
degree student. This master thesis work has been carried out under my supervision
and is to my satisfaction.

Hanoi, Date _____, Month ______, Year 2016

The Master Degree Thesis Supervisor,

_________________________
Professor. Dr. Đỗ Quang Hưng


TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
LIST OF PIE CHART
LIST OF PDF DOCUMENTS
LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS
INTRODUCTION OF THE THESIS.................................................................... 1
1. The Rational Study of The Thesis Title.............................................................. 2
2. The History Challenges of The Research........................................................... 4
3. The Objective And Scope of The Research........................................................ 5
4. The Research Methods....................................................................................... 6
5. The Structure of The Thesis............................................................................... 7
Chapter 1 THE PROTESTANT CHRISTIANITY............................................... 9
1.1. Introduction................................................................................................. 9
1.1.1. An Understanding of A Triune God.................................................... 11
1.1.2. A Protestant Christian In Relations With His Triune God...................16
1.1.2.1. The Definition of “Man” (Humankind in relations to God).........16
1.1.2.2. The Creation of Man (God’s purpose for Man)............................ 20
1.2. The Views Between Two Major Religion / Philosophy And Protestant
Christianity In Vietnam.................................................................................... 22
1.2.1. The Views From An Atheist............................................................... 24
1.2.2. The Views From Tam Giao (Triple Teachings)...................................25

1.2.3. The Views of Tam Giao and Protestant Christianity...........................28


Chapter

2:

THE

HISTORY

MOVEMENT

OF

PROTESTANT

CHRISTIANITY IN VIETNAM BEGINNING FROM 1911 TO PRESENT .. 31

(Emphasised on

CMA

(ECVN)

and

three

other

significant

Protestant

Denominations that have been officially recognised by the Vietnamese Government
Committee for Religious Affairs – GCRA)
2.1.

The Official Beginning of Protestant Christianity In Vietnam From

1911 to Present: Christian Missions Alliance (CMA) and Evangelical Church
of Vietnam (ECVN – Northern and Southern Regions).................................... 32
2.1.1. The Socio-History of the Church Movement................................... 32
2.1.2. The Brief History of the Denomination and Basic Doctrinal Based .....
42
2.2. Three Other Significant Protestant Denominations In Vietnam................43
2.2.1. Seventh-day Adventist Church of Vietnam (SDA VN).....................44
2.2.1.1. The Socio-History of the Church Movement............................... 44
2.2.1.2.

The Brief History of the Denomination and Basic Doctrinal

Based........................................................................................................ 57
2.2.2

Vietnam Mennonite Church (VMC)................................................. 61

2.2.2.1. The Socio-History of the Church Movement............................... 61
2.2.2.2. The Brief History of the Denomination and Basic Doctrinal Based

77
2.2.3

Vietnam Baptist Convention (VBC – Grace Southern Baptist)........81

2.2.3.1. The Socio-History of the Church Movement............................... 81
2.2.3.2. The Brief History of the Denomination and Basic Doctrinal Based
97
Chapter 3: THE CURRENT CHALLENGES FACING

BY THREE

SIGNIFICANT PROTESTANT DENOMINATIONS, WHICH HAVE BEEN
OFFICIALLY RECOGNISED BY THE VIETNAMESE GOVERNMENT
COMMITTEE FOR RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS (GCRA).................................... 103
3.1. Vietnamese Traditional Culture vs. Protestant Christianity.....................105
3.2. Freedom of Rights to Believe and Rights to Practice.............................. 108


3.3. Properties And Lands Were Confiscated From The Protestant Christian
Denominations After 1975............................................................................. 111
CONCLUSION: TODAY THE PROTESTANT CHRISTIANS IN

THE

SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM......................................................... 113
(The ECVN Denomination, Three significant Denominations
and Other Protestant Christian Denominations / Sects)
REFERENCES.................................................................................................... 121
APPENDIX A - Interview Questionaires Sheets

APPENDIX B - List of Interviewees


LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
The following tables describe the significance of various acronyms and
abbreviations used throughout the thesis:
Abbreviation:
ADRA
BF&M
BYU
CMA
CWS
CYSS
ECVN (Northern Region)
ECVN (Southern Region)
EMM
GBC
HN
HCMC
IMB
IGE
MCC
MEI
NAVMF
NLF
R&ROL
SAWS
SBC
SDA VN
VBC (Grace - Southern

Baptist)
VMC
VNCS


(VN) GCRA
VNMM

These are the Bible versions of various acronyms and abbreviations used throughout
the thesis:

Abbreviation:
ASV
NASB
NIV
RSVB


LIST OF PIE CHART

Figure No:
Figure 1.1


LIST OF PDF DOCUMENTS
As part of my master degree thesis at Institute of Vietnamese Studies and
Development Science (IVIDES) of Vietnam National University (VNU), Hanoi, I
have requested and received these PDF documents with the permission of the
authorised persons.
Figure No:

Figure 2.2

Figure 2.6

Figure 2.11

Committee For Religious Affairs dated 7 MAY
2008.


LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS
I, originally take the following photographs except for Figure 2.9, which is taken
from the Internet. The following photographs are used in the thesis:
Figure No:
Figure 2.1

Figure 2.3

Figure 2.4

Figure 2.5
Figure 2.7

Figure 2.8

Figure 2.9

Figure 2.10

Figure 2.12

at Nguyễn Văn Trỗi Street, Phú Nhuận District,
HCMC.


INTRODUCTION OF THE THESIS
Religion plays a vital role in Vietnam. Some Vietnamese people said
religion has got nothing to do with political stability and economic growth of the
country. I, somehow disagree with the statement because religion affects and
influences the lives of the ordinary people in many different levels, where it
provides people with religious ethical values; gives meaning to their worth of
existence and to the world they inhabiting; and gives them solace and hope for the
future. The period of 19th century in Vietnam, religion was capable to inspire the
Vietnamese people to built new communities that embodied their vision of the
perfect world in the most desolate places. Therefore, throughout the history in
Vietnam, religion served both to integrate the Vietnamese people into a cohesive
society and to reinforce its’ importance of embracing one’s religion, including
Protestant Christianity in Vietnam.
After more than a century of missionary work, today Protestant Christianity
in Vietnam has become a religious community with rapid development, diversity in
organisations and denominations / sects, which has made significant contributions to
perservation and development of social moral values, and active participation in
humanitarian and socio-cultural activities (Nguỹen Xuân Hưng 2011, 104).
However, Protestant Christianity and other five recognised major religions
in Vietnam today, still facing challenges, legally speaking: how recognised religious
organisations (with two levels “having legal status” and “be allowed to register
activities”) will continue to change (Đỗ Quang Hưng 2011, 227). Religious
“physical person” and “jurisdical person,” these are important aspect of legal for
religious organisations as well as religious people, – a closely embedded into
recognition of religious organisations, a current issue that is important to be
addressed today (Đỗ Quang Hưng 2011, 282). A good legal system on religion is not

only creates a legal framework to ensure the legitimate safety of individuals and

1


organisations in the religious practices but also serves as an efficient tool for the
government to enforce their govenance power (Nguyễn Khắc Huy 2011, 302).
Yet, in some local religious organisations, denominations / sects, freedom in
religion often means people can believe with their own choice of religions and that
should be given the freedom to practice and embrace religions in the country. For
some local Protestant Christian organisations, denominations / sects believe that the
government wants them to get registered in legal status in order to follow closely
the trail of their religious practices and activities, and if an organisation, a
denominations / sect does not want to register is assumed to be intransigent or up to
no-good. There are observers mentioned that registration in legal status is more
about maintaining stability rather than control. Yet, if there was a real freedom,
religious people and their organisations could be easily being governed under
common civil laws, as are all people in truly democratic jurisdictions worldwide
(Reigmer 2011, 106).
1. The Rational Study of The Thesis Title
As a Methodist Protestant Christian myself, I chosed the subject of Religion
specifically Protestant Christianity, as part of my coursework of this Master Degree
thesis, majoring in Vietnamese Studies, and so my research thesis title is “A Few
Significant Protestant Christian Denominations Officially Recognised By The
Vietnamese Government In The Approach Through Socio-History From 2007 To
Present.” Hence, there are five reasons as why I chosed this title for my thesis:
Firstly, besides the prominent denomination ECVN (Evangelical Church of
Vietnam), I would like to create an awareness of other significant Protestant
Christian denominations that have been officially recognised by the Vietnamese
GCRA. These denominations are the intangible herritage in the history of Vietnam.

Secondly, it is to understand the background of the socio-history through
church movement specifically on the three significant Protestant Christian
denominations: Seventh-Day Adventist Church of Vietnam, Vietnam Mennonite

2


Church and Vietnam Baptist Church (As to reason out that they deserved to be
officially recognised by the Vietnamese Government). And along with brief
explanation of each denominationss basic theological and doctrinal based.
Thirdly, for the Vietnamese Government and those who do not know Jesus
Christ to create an awareness of understanding the definition of Protestant
Christianity actual meanings and the foundation of Christian doctrine. To
differentiate the uniqueness of the Protestant Christianity from other religions in
Vietnam, particularly the Roman Catholicism, as there are many who are ignorant
and / or still confuse in understanding the differences between these two religions
such as both are using the same word, “Christian.” Secondly, the theological and
religious practice differences.
Fourthly, for the Vietnamese Protestant churches / housechurches /
denominations / sects - to stand unite, to light up their understanding on reasons as
why some other denominations are legally recognised by the VNG and some others
are still in the process, or yet to be done so.
Lastly, the fifth reason, where Protestant Christianity is a religion that is
growing rapidly in Vietnam. Vietnamese Government is doing their best to
accommodate religions into the country, which is currently governed by the
National Assembly of Vietnamese Government. In the 21st century, Vietnam is a
new emergent nation in the process of building its’ economy through intergrating
herself into global economy, therefore, Vietnam is changing slowly, to be a
competent global business partner, and so, paradigm shift will take place in the
thinking tank and cultural lifestyle of the citizens in Vietnam. This does not exclude

religion. The existence of religion of every country including Vietnam cannot be
ignore because religion and / philosophy is the way of life for every human being
that somehow has a sense of connection with the Supreme being, God, where it is
widely / commonly known as Ông Trời for the Vietnamese people.

3


2. The History Challenges of The Research
In my opinion, there are three challenges of the research history:
Firstly, domestically, there are very limited resources. For example: Almost
all bookshops (particularly in the cities) do not have Protestant Christian materials
on the shelves for sale except a handful of Christian bookshops or churches, that we
are able to purchase Christian materials. Therefore, Vietnamese people have “zero”
or “little” knowledge about Protestant Christianity. Moreover, monocentric society
such as Vietnam, where one common language is used nationwide, the Vietnamese
language, which makes it difficult for most Vietnamese people to have wider range
of reading Christian materials in another language, namely, English language. In
addition to that, the national library that I have been a couple of times, hardly have
reference books on Protestant Christianity.
Secondly, it is also domestically challenge where the instability and
uncertainties due to foreign colonisation and war torn in the late 19th century have
lost the “period of time” in writing and conserving the account of the history of
Protestant Christianity in Vietnam. Besides the lack of scholars majoring in
Protestant Christianity, Vietnam depended much on foreign authors in writing the
accounts of Protestant Christianity in Vietnam, yet not all denominations / sects,
who did “a more complete timeline” of their denominations’ roots and history
backgrounds. Some documented materials or published materials may have some
data errors, which in the result, it is time consuming, making extra effort to do more
research study, so that information is accurate and valid.

Thirdly, concerning internationally, there are many foreign authors
especially the foreign missionaries that have lived, pioneered and contributed almost
all their life in Vietnam, that they wrote the accounts of Protestant Christianity
according to their real life experiences while they were living in Vietnam rather than
writing the accounts using “third party” reliable resources. But the accounts were
written decades ago and so, what about the recent years of the accounts, in example
above the year 2000 till present day? Therefore, it is so

4


important to write / conserve the timeline of each Protestant Christian denomination
/ sect for our future generation of Protestant Christians in Vietnam.
Personally, while doing research study for this thesis, I had to fly out of this
country for ten days, just to collect datas and search for documents relating to my
thesis title. It was not an easy task but I managed to get as much datas and
documents as I could to make this thesis a reality.
3. The Objective And Scope of The Research
The objective of the research is to study and understand the roots of the
socio-history of the church movement of selected significant Protestant Christian
denominations, which have been legally recognised by the Vietnamese Government,
and also to emphasised on its apostolic missionaries who pioneered and contributed
their time and efforts in Vietnam.
The scope of the research has two limitations. Firstly, the selected Protestant
Christian denominations have limited documented resources due to the lack of local
Protestant Christian historian scholars / religion historians / successor of each
denomination to have appropriate record, archive and conserve the timeline of the
socio-history of the church movement of the denominations. Hence, I am honoured
in doing a favour for the three significant Protestant Christian denominations, to
record and preserve the socio- history of the church movements from the birth of its’

denomination to present day, so that they can narrate the account of the sociohistory of the church movements to the next generation of Protestant Christians.
These are important because they are the intangible herritage of the three significant
Protestant Christian denominations. It may not be valuable to most people and it has
no price tag, yet, it has deep accounts of inheritance that we can learn from, and
leaving a legacy for the next generation. Secondly, unlike Roman Catholicism, the
high officials and most people in Vietnam still struggling to reconcile or understand
fully with the theological beliefs differences and the uniqueness of religious
practices among the Protestant Christian denominations.

5


This thesis will help to enlighten some people about Protestant Christianity and its
theological beliefs without misunderstanding and in hostility.
The location of the research was in different districts within the vicinity of
Ho Chi Minh City.
4. The Research Methods
The thesis is able to proceed and completed with the assistance of these
research methods:
Practical research: Practical Research which involves first hand research in
the form of face-to-face interviews with prepared questionnaires (Please view
Appendixes A and B); by exploring and observing through the years that I am living
in this country – exploring the language, culture and traditions and observing the
different religions of the Vietnamese community both city and village dwellers. It
does not only take one or two weeks, or even months to know Vietnamese culture
and traditions but it takes years to be able to comprehend them; and by connecting
with the Vietnamese people from the North, Central and South regions of the
country, interacting with them, to understand their perspective views on religion and
belief systems particularly Protestant Christianity.
Theoretical research: Theoretical Research that involves published works of

others, academic journals and articles written by others, surfing Internet for the right
resources in order for me to proceed and complete the thesis. I have gained much
knowledge from most of the authors who have some good insightful in the subject
of Protestant Christianity in Vietnam.
Interdisciplinary research: This thesis involves interdisciplinary research,
where it is not only just finding facts and datas on the subject of Protestant
Christianity in Vietnam, yet this thesis does not exclude in examining religious
culture and traditions, historical events, contemporary constitutional issues around
individual rights to embrace a religion / rights to practice a religion, freedom of
religion, day-to-day politics as well as political ideologies, sociological,

6


demographical, anthropological, philosophical, literary, and other methods and
approaches to try to understand Protestant Christianity phenomena in Vietnam.
My hope and prayers for this thesis is to be an assistant source for people
who are interested in Protestant Christianity in Vietnam, to attain a better
understanding of how Protestant Christianity in Vietnam has came into existence
and the glorious development and great challenges in the past that is no doubt shall
continue to function like how it would be in the foreseeable future beginning from
today.
5. The Structure of The Thesis
Besides

the

main

contents

of

thesis,

there

are

Dedication,

Acknowledgements, Declaration of Authorship, Table of Contents and Lists of
Acronyms / Abbreviations, Pie Chart, PDF Documents and Photographs, and
Appendixes after the References section towards the last few pages of the thesis.
The main content of the thesis includes an Introduction which introduces
the thesis research study, three chapters that comprises of:
Chapter 1: The Protestant Christianity has two main sections: Introduction
that introduces an understanding of a Triune God and the Protestant Christian in
relations with his Triune God. The second section is to explain the views between
two major religion / philosophy and Protestant Christianity in Vietnam, where the
views from an atheist, the views from Tam Giao (Triple teachings - Mahayana
Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism), and the views from Tam Giao and Protestant
Christianity are elaborated and explained in simplified form.
Chapter 2: The History Movement of Protestant Christianity In Vietnam
Beginning From 1911 To Present, emphasising on the first denomination, CMA
(Now, ECVN), and three other significant Protestant Christian denomnations that
have been officially recognised by the Vietnamese Government Committee For
Religious Affairs (GCRA), which have two main sections. The first section is to
introduce the official beginning of Protestant Christianity in Vietnam from 1911 to

7


present through Christian Missions Alliance (CMA), currently known as ECVN
(Northern and Southern Regions), in the areas of socio-history through church
movements and a brief history of the denomination and basic doctrinal based. The
second section is to do a research study on three other significant Protestant
Christian denominations in tbe areas of socio-history through church movements
and brief history of each denomination and basic doctrinal based such as SeventhDay Adventist Church of Vietnam, Vietnam Mennonite Church and Vietnam Baptist
Convention (Grace – Southern Baptist).
Chapter 3: The Current Challenges Facing By Three Significant Protestant
Christian Denominations, which have been officially recognised by the Vietnamese
Government Comhmittee For Religious Affairs (GCRA), this chapter has three main
issues that needed to addressed between the VNG and the Protestant Christian
leaders in Vietnam: Vietnam Traditional Culture vs. Protestant Christianity, Freedom
of Rights To Believe and Rights To Practice, and Properties and Lands were
Confiscated from the Protestant Christian Denominations after 1975.
Right after the Chapter 3, a Conclusion chapter is included to address the
Role of Protestant Christians In The Socialist Republic of Vietnam in the present
day. Lastly, a References section of more than seventy bibliographies, a list of all of
the resources I have read and used in the process of researching my thesis study.

8


Chapter 1
THE PROTESTANT CHRISTIANITY
1.1. Introduction
In the 21st century that we are living in, with constant development and
fast-pace tranformations of human communities through great science and high

speed

technology

among

humans,

have

somehow

“unconciously”

or

“subconciously” had drown humans into a deep sense of “naivity” or “almost
infinity” from knowing the existence of God. Many do not understand or know
exactly what is Protestant Christianity. As a Methodist Prostestant Christian – Tin
1

Hữu Giám Lý , allow me to explain the origin existence of Protestant Christianity
and the fact of the existence of God later.
What is Protestant Christianity? Protestant Christianity or Protestantism, the
word derives from Protestatio of the pro-reform representatives at the Diet of Speier
in the 16th century Reformation against the Roman Catholic practices, where most
modern Protestant denominations can trace their heritage to one of the major
movements that sprung up in the 16th century. The origin of Protestantism lies in
the teachings and actions mainly from Martin Luther, Huldrych Zwingli and John
Calvin, and also other leaders of the Radical Reformation. Protestantism is less a

denomination than a general branch of Christianity, along with Roman Catholicism
and Eastern Orthodoxy, encompassing numerous denominations and a wide
theological spectrum ranging from Conservative Theology to Liberal Theology.
Lutheranism is rooted in the teachings of the German Reformer, Martin
Luther. Presbyterians are indebted to John Calvin and Reformed theology, as well as
to John Knox and the Church of Scotland. Anglicans and Episcopalians trace their
heritage to the Church of England that resulted from King Henry VIII’s break from
the authority of Rome. Evangelicalism (and to a slightly lesser degree,
1 />
9


Methodism) is indebted to Pietism, a 17th century Protestant movement
emphasizing a holy life, individual study of the scriptures, and better training of
church ministers. From here, in the view of the world Protestantism, after the
considerable spiritual and institutional creativity and formulation of the Reformation
period, the development of the Protestantism has been much less dramatic in
subsequent centuries. Numerically and territorially, it has followed emigration from
Europe to America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, and the considerable
achievements of the missionary movements from Europe and America in the 19th
and 20th centuries to Africa, Asia and South America. Many Protestant
denominations have been formed during this period of time. In broadest term it can
be divided into seven main Protestant denominations: the Lutheran, the Anglican,
the Baptist, the Presbysterian or Reformed, the Methodist, the Congregationalist and
those who standing in the heritage of the radicals of the Reformation and having the
characteristic of the “sect” rather than the “church” or “denomination.” Within the
mainline denominations there are also increasing movements in a more ecumenical
direction. These are reflected in the World Council of Churches, which of course
includes Orthodox Churches, and in a variety of united churches.
As for the fact of the existence of God, I would like to begin with the Bible

2

(Kinh Thánh), which Protestant Chistians believe that the Bible claims to be
inspired and inerrant. This means the Bible claims to be from God through the
3

illumination of the Holy Spirit (Chúa Thánh Linh ) and that it is without error in
everything it addresses. The Bible does not attempt to prove the existence of God
but it simply declares. Belief in the existence of God is absolutely foundational not
only to an understanding of the Bible but also to life itself. In Hebrews 11: 6 from
the Bible, tells us that, “…he who comes to Him must believe that He exists and that
He rewards those who earnestly seek Him.” This means that belief in the existence
of God is the prerequisite to have faith in Him personally. If a person rejects the fact
2 />3 />
10


of the existence of God, he has no reference point for correctly understanding
himself or the world around him. Nothing can be received or known of God unless
4

one believes in His existence through faith. In Hebrews 11: 1 explains plainly that
it is the proof of the reality of things not seen. God as a Spiritual Being is invisible
to the human eye, but it is through faith in Him, that His existence is substantiated
to Protestant Christians.
Therefore, in order to have a better understanding of the existence of God,
there are two important elements, which Protestant Christians need to know: God
exists as three persons (Father, Son and Holy Spirit), also called as Triune God (Ba
5

Ngôi ), yet He is One God. It will be explained in the section of “An Understanding
of A Triune God.” Secondly, a Protestant Christian in relations with his Triune God
is also an important element. This section explained a divine personal relationship
between him and his Triune God.
1.1.1. An Understanding of A Triune God
The doctrine of Trinity or Triune God is one of the most important doctrines
of the Protestant Christian faith. In studying and understand the Bible’s teachings on
the Trinity will give us a great insight into question that is at the centre of all in
seeking after God: “What is God like in Himself?” This part will give us an
understanding that in Himself, in His very being, God exists in the persons of
Father, Son and Holy Spirit, yet, He is One God. The doctrine of the Trinity is
progressively revealed in the Bible. The Bible is divided into two parts: Old
Testament and New Testament. Therefore, explanation and scriptural basis are found
from these two parts in the Bible:

4 Hebrews 11: 1 – “Now faith is confidence in what we hope for and assurance about what
we do not see.” NIV, Holy Bible, Copyright ©2011 by Biblica, Inc.
5 />
11


Partial revelation of the Trinity in the Old Testament
There are some people still think that the doctrine of Trinity is found only
in the New Testament especially three simple yet profound statements concerning
God all appeared in the Johannine writings of the New Testament: God as the
Father, the Son, and the holy Spirit; and not in the Old Testament. Nevertheless,
although the doctrine of the Trinity is not explicitly found in the Old Testament,
several scriptures in the Bible suggest or imply that God exists as more than one
person: God eternally exists as three persons, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, and

each person is fully God, and there is only one God. These are the examples that
imply God exists as more than one person: Genesis 1: 26, “Let us make man in our
image, after our likeness...” Here, we can understand what do the plural verb, “Let
us” and the plural pronoun, “our” mean? There are some people have suggested
they are plural of majesty, a form of speech a king would use to saying, for example,
“We are pleased to grant your request.” However, in Old Testament (Original
writings in the Old Testament is written in Hebrew language), there are no other
examples of a royal family using plural verbs or plural pronouns of himself in such
a “plural of majesty,” therefore, this suggestion has no evidence to support it.
Another suggestion is that God is here speaking to angels. But neither angel
participates in the creation of man nor was man created in the image and likeness of
angels, so this suggestion is incorrect and unconvincing. The best explanation is
from the first chapter of the Bible, the book of Genesis which we have an indication
of a plurality of persons in God Himself. This scripture, Genesis 1: 26, “Let us make
man in our image, after our likeness...” We have no evidence as how many persons,
and we have nothing approaching a complete doctrine of Trinity yet; this scripture
did imply that more than one person is involved. The same can be said of: Genesis
3: 22a, “And the man has now become like one of us, knowing good and evil.”

Isaiah 6: 8, “Whom shall I send? And who will go for us?” Isaiah 63: 10 says that
God’s people, “rebelled and grieved His Holy Spirit” (NIV), apparently suggesting

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