A vietnamese american cross cultural study on disparaging

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI
UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES



NGUYỄN THỊ HỒNG VÂN

A VIETNAMESE - AMERICAN CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON
DISPARAGING
NGHIÊN CỨU GIAO VĂN HÓA VIỆT – MỸ VỀ CÁCH THỨC
CHÊ BAI

M.A. Combined Programme Thesis

FIELD

: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS

CODE

: 602215

HANOI - 2010


VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HA NOI
UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES



NGUYỄN THỊ HỒNG VÂN

A VIETNAMESE - AMERICAN CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON
DISPARAGING
NGHIÊN CỨU GIAO VĂN HÓA VIỆT – MỸ VỀ CÁCH THỨC
CHÊ BAI

M.A. Combined Programme Thesis

Field

: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS

Code

: 602215

Supervisor

: Phan Thị Vân Quyên, M.A.

HANOI - 2010


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Certificate of originality of project report ........................................................................
Acknowledgements .........................................................................................................
Abstract ...........................................................................................................................
Table of contents .............................................................................................................
Lists of figures and tables ................................................................................................
Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................
PART A – INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................
1. RATIONALE ..............................................................................................................
2. AIMS OF THE STUDY ..............................................................................................
3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS .........................................................................................
4. SCOPE OF THE STUDY............................................................................................
5. METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................
6. DESIGN OF THE STUDY..........................................................................................
PART B – DEVELOPMENT........................................................................................
CHAPTER 1 – LITERATURE REVIEW....................................................................
1.1. CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION ............................................................
1.1.1. Language and Culture ........................................................................................
1.1.2. Cross – Cultural Communication .......................................................................
1.2. CROSS – CULTURAL PRAGMATICS...................................................................
1.3. SPEECH ACTS AND CLASSIFICATION OF SPEECH ACTS ..............................
1.4. POLITENESS ..........................................................................................................
1.4.1. Politeness and the notion of Face .......................................................................
1.4.2. Politeness strategies ...........................................................................................
1.4.3. Social factors affecting politeness ......................................................................
1.5. DIRECTNESS AND INDIRECTNESS ....................................................................
1.5.1. Directness (D) and Indirectness (ID) as Communication Styles ..........................
1.5.2. Socio- Cultural Factors Influencing the Use of Directness and Indirectness In


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Human Interaction .....................................................................................................
1.6. DISPARAGING .......................................................................................................
1.6.1. Disparaging as a speech act ..............................................................................
1.6.2. Disparaging and criticizing ..............................................................................
1.6.3. Popular topics for disparaging ..........................................................................
CHAPTER 2 – METHODOLOGY ..............................................................................
2.1. Survey research as the main method .........................................................................
2.2. Subject of the study ..................................................................................................
2.3. Data collection instrument ........................................................................................
2.4. Data collecting procedures ........................................................................................
2.5 Comments on the survey questionnaire ......................................................................
2.6. Comments on the informants ....................................................................................
CHAPTER 3 – STRATEGIES OF DISPARAGING ...................................................
3.1. STRATEGIES USED IN DISPARAGING ...............................................................
3.1.1. 14 main types of disparaging strategies .................................................................
3.1.2. Integrative disparaging strategies ...........................................................................
3.2. USE OF DISPARAGING STRATEGIES AS SEEN FROM COMMUNICATING
PARAMETERS ..............................................................................................................
3.2.1. Data Analysis ........................................................................................................
3.2.2. Concluding Remarks..............................................................................................
3.3. USE OF DISPARAGING STRATEGIES AS SEEN FROM
INFORMANTS’PARAMETERS ....................................................................................
3.3.1. Data Analysis ........................................................................................................
3.3.2. Concluding Remarks..............................................................................................
3.4. USE OF DISPARAGING STRATEGIES AS SEEN FROM THE TOPIC OF
DISPARAGING..............................................................................................................
3.4.1. Data Analysis ........................................................................................................
3.4.2. Concluding Remarks..............................................................................................
PART C – CONCLUSION ...........................................................................................

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1. REVIEW OF THE FINDINGS .............

2. IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY ......

3. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY..........

4. SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESE
BIBLIOGRAPHY .........................................................................................................
APPENDICES ...............................................................................................................
ENGLISH SURVEY QUESTIONAIRES ....................................................................
VIETNAMESE SURVEY QUESTIONAIRES ............................................................