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<b>1. _____________ anyone should doubt my story, I have brought documents to attest to its truth. </b>
A. Hence B. As not for C. In case <b>D. Lest </b>
<b>2. I _____________ by you if you are really in trouble. </b>
A. will stand B. would stand C. would have stood <b>D. stands </b>
<b>3. She _____________ her neighbor's children for the broken window. </b>
A. accused B. complained C. blamed <b>D. denied </b>
<b>4. Acquiring enhanced IT skills will improve your _____________. </b>
A. unemployed B. employable C. employed D. employability
<b>5. Ti Re: "My aunt has passed away three days ago." Ted: "_____________" </b>
A. Bless her! B. Oh. When? C. She was old. D. God rest her!
<b>6. The lady _____________ charity work is admired has come to that orphanage. </b>
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
<b>7. Dan often listens _____________ Pop music whenever he has free time. </b>
A. in B. at C. to D. for
<b>8. As soon as Jackie _____________ his report next week, he will call you. </b>
A. will write B. wrote C. is writing D. has written
<b>9. The kids have made a lot of efforts _____________ the coming match. </b>
A. win B. winning C. won D. to win
<b>10. Let’s have a get-together after the coming-of-age ceremony, _____________? </b>
A. shall we B. don’t we C. do we D. didn’t we
<b>11. During the crisis of COVID-19, it is becoming _____________ to find a job. </b>
A. more harder B. harder and harder C. the more harder D. the harder
<b>12. _____________ earth has experienced several mass extinctions in its history. </b>
A. A B. An C. The D. No article is needed
<b>13. Most of the people _____________ in the crash recovered quickly. </b>
A. injure B. who injured C. injuring D. injured
<b>14. “Crash Landing On You” is South Korea’s second _____________ cable drama to date. </b>
A. high-most rated B. the highest-rated C. highest-rated D. most high-rated
<b>15. His dad still hasn’t _____________ the death of his mom. </b>
A. taken after B. got over C. turned up D. put on
<b>16. Lan: "Have a nice weekend!” -Pete: “__________” </b>
A. Will you? B. The same to you! C. so do I. D. You are the same!
<b>17. I am about to do everything for you. You are the __________ of my eye. </b>
A. grapes B. apple C. rose D. juice
<b>18. The lovely child takes after his dad in many ways. </b>
<b>19. The president’s compassion for the refugees caused him to admit a very large number of them. </b>
A. friendship B. respect C. sympathy D. hostility
There was once a young boy who had difficulty (20) __________ his temper. When he became angry, he would
just say anything that came to his mind and hurt people. Hence, his father gave him a bag of nails and a hammer and
said, “(21) __________ you get angry, hammer one nail into the fence in our backyard”.
The first few days the boy hammered (22) __________ nails that he emptied half the bag. Over the weeks, the
number of nails he hammered to the fence reduced and gradually, his temper was much in control. Then came a day
when he didn’t (23) __________ his temper at all. His father asked him to remove one nail each day so that he
could always manage to keep calm.
Finally, on the day the child was removing the last nail, his father said, “You have done well, boy. But do you see
the holes in the wall? The fence is never going to be the same, even after repainting. (24) __________, when you
say mean things in anger, you will leave a scar in the person’s mind, as the nails did to the fence”.
<b>20. A. control </b> B. to control C. controlling D. controlled
<b>21. A. While </b> B. Every time C. Unless D. In case
<b>22. A. such many </b> B. such much C. so many D. so much
<b>23. A. lose </b> B. miss C. keep D. forget
<b>24. A. Like </b> B. Likewise C. Alike D. Likely
<b>25. A. social </b> B. volunteer C. industry D. water
<b>26. A. adequate </b> B. subsequent C. canal D. comment
<b>27. Some countries (A) do not have enough skilled (B) workers, which (C) cause (D) serious problems. </b>
<b>28. The (A) woman whom (B) helped us yesterday devotes (C) her life to helping (D) others. </b>
<b>29. I am sure that (A) she should have been (B) around here lately because (C) her shoes are still (D) on the </b>
floor.
1. The craft of perfumery has an ancient and global heritage. The art flourished in Ancient Rome, where the
emperors were said to bathe in scent. After the fall of Rome, much of the knowledge was lost, but survived
in Islamic civilizations in the Middle Ages. Arab and Persian pharmacists developed essential oils from the
aromatic plants of the Indian peninsula. They developed the processes of distillation and suspension in
2. At first, the use of fragrances was primarily associated with healing. Aromatic alcoholic waters were
ingested as well as used externally. Fragrances were used to purify the air, both for spiritual and health
<b>purposes. During the Black Death, the bubonic plague was thought to have resulted from a bad odour </b>
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aversion to using water for washing, and so perfume was commonly used as a cleaning agent.
3. Later on, the craft of perfume re-entered Europe, and was centred in Venice, chiefly because it was an
important trade route and a centre for glass-making. Having such materials at hand was essential for the
distillation process. In the late seventeenth century, trade soared in France, when Louis XIV brought in
policies of protectionism and patronage which stimulated the purchase of luxury goods. Here, perfumery was
<b>the preserve of glove-makers. The link arose since the tanning of leather required putrid substances. </b>
Consequently, the gloves were scented before they were sold and worn. A glove and perfume makers’ guild
had existed here since 1190. Entering it required 7 years of formal training under a master perfumer.
4. The trade in perfume flourished during the reign of Louis XV, as the master glove-and-perfume makers,
particularly those trading in Paris, received patronage from the royal court, where it is said that a different
perfume was used each week. The perfumers diversified into other cosmetics including soaps, powders,
white face paints and hair dyes. They were not the sole sellers of beauty products. Mercers, spicers,
vinegar-makers and wig-makers were all cashing in on the popularity of perfumed products. Even simple
shopkeepers were coming up with their own concoctions to sell.
5. During the eighteenth century, more modern, capitalist perfume industry began to emerge, particularly in
Britain where there was a flourishing consumer society. In France, the revolution initially disrupted the
perfume trade due to its association with aristocracy, however, it regained momentum later as a wider range
6. Perfume became less associated with health in 1810 with a Napoleonic ordinance which required
perfumers to declare the ingredients of all products for internal consumption. Unwilling to divulge their
secrets, traders concentrated on products for external use. Napoleon affected the industry in other ways too.
With French ports blockaded by the British during the Napoleonic wars, the London perfumers were able to
dominate the markets for some time.
7. One of the significant changes in the nineteenth century was the idea of branding. Until then, trademarks
had had little significance in the perfumery where goods were consumed locally, although they had a long
history in other industries. One of the pioneers in this field was Rimmel who was nationalized as a British
citizen in 1857. He took advantage of the spread of railroads to reach customers in wider markets. To do this,
he built a brand which conveyed prestige and quality, and were worth paying a premium for. He recognised
the role of design in enhancing the value of his products, hiring a French lithographer to create the labels for
his perfume bottles.
8. Luxury fragrances were strongly associated with the affluent and prestigious cities of London and Paris.
Perfumers elsewhere tended to supply cheaper products and knock-offs of the London and Paris brands. The
United States perfume industry, which developed around the docks in New York where French oils were
being imported, began in this way. Many American firms were founded by immigrants, such as William
Colgate, who arrived in 1806. At this time, Colgate was chiefly known as a perfumery. Its Cashmere
Bouquet brand had 625 perfume varieties in the early 20th century.
<b>30. The purpose of the text is to… </b>
A. compare the perfumes from different countries
B. describe the history of perfume making
C. describe the problems faced by perfumers
<b>31. Which of the following is NOT true about perfume making in Islamic countries? </b>
B. They dominated perfume making after the fall of the Roman Empire.
C. They took raw materials for their perfumes from India.
D. They created a technique which required fewer plant materials.
<b>32. Why does the writer include this sentence in paragraph 2? </b>
<i>“During the Black Death, the bubonic plague was thought to have resulted from a bad odour which could be </i>
<i> averted by inhaling pleasant fragrances such as cinnamon.” </i>
A. To explain why washing was not popular during the Black Death
B. To show how improper use of perfume caused widespread disease
C. To illustrate how perfumes used to be ingested to treat disease
D. To give an example of how fragrances were used for health purposes
<b>33. What does putrid mean (paragraph 3)? </b>
A. Bad-smelling B. Rare C. Prestigious D. Numerous
<b>34. Which of the following people most influenced the decline of perfumes as medicine? </b>
A. Louis XIV B. Louis XV C. Rimmel D. Napoleon
<b>35. What is implied about the New York perfume industry? </b>
A. It was the fastest-growing perfume industry in the world at that time.
D. There was a wider range of fragrances available here than elsewhere.
<b>36. Which city is being described in this sentence? </b>
<i>„The perfume industry developed here because the city produced materials and equipment necessary for </i>
<i>perfume production‟. </i>
A. Paris B. London C. Venice D. New York
<b>37. A. great </b> B. breakfast C. résumé D. break
<b>38. A. photographs </b> B. refuses C. colleges D. misses
<b>39. I am very careful about washing my hands before eating or drinking. </b>
A. careless B. thoughtless C. abnormal D. common
<b>40. The judge was praised for his courage and humanity. </b>
A. inhumanity B. kind-hearted C. heartless D. humanless
<b>41. " You'd better have done your homework, boy", said the man to me. </b>
A. The man criticized me for not doing my homework.
B. The man reproach me for doing my homework.
C. The man told me that I had better do my homework.
D. The man said he was annoyed because I have not done my homework.
<b>42. The fox did try, but it did not reach the grapes. </b>
A. The fox tried in vain to reach the grapes.
B. Although the fox did try, but it did not reach the grapes.
C. Much as the fox tried, but it did not reach the grapes.
D. The fox did not reach the grapes however it tried hard.
<b>43. What you have just said is beside the point. </b>
A. What you have said is irrelevant.
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D. Beside the thing you want to mention is something else.
<b>44. He does not speak Japanese. That's why he cannot work in this company. </b>
A. Were he to speak Japanese, he could work in this company.
<b>45. I was not surprised to hear that Harry had failed his driving test. </b>
A. That Harry had failed his driving test was not surprised to me.
B. I was not surprised about the fact that Harry had failed his driving test.
C. It was no surprise for me when Harry had failed his driving test.
D. It came as no surprise to me that Harry had failed his driving test.
Camping holidays are always popular with students and young people - they are a cheap and easy way to see the
country. People often travel by train, by coach or on foot, so one thing is important to remember before starting:
you can only take with you what you can carry - usually in a rucksack on your back.
If you travel with a friend, of course some items can be shared - a tent, a gas stove, food. Other things must
<b>be taken by each person - clothes, footwear, a sleeping bag. </b>
So you must be sure of how much you can carry. Most people find 10 kg about right. Much more than that and
you need another holiday when you get home! And remember, if the weather is wet your rucksack is heavier.
<b>46. Why are camping holidays very popular with students and young people? </b>
A. Because people often travel by train.
B. Because people often travel on foot.
C. Because people often travel by coach.
D. Because they are a cheap and easy way to see the country.
<b>47. The word footwear most probably means______. </b>
A. shoes B. tents <b>C. shorts </b> D. bags
<b>48. How do they usually carry things with them? </b>
A. In a gas stove B. In a rucksack C. In a tent D. In a footwear
<b>49. What should campers remember ? </b>
A. They should bring with them a tent.
B. They shouldn't take with them only what they can carry in a rucksack and their luggage must not be too
heavy.
C. They should take with them only what they can carry in a rucksack and their luggage must not be too
heavy.
D. They should take with them only what they can carry in a rucksack and their luggage must be heavy.
<b>50. Which of the following statements is NOT true? </b>
A. The weight of your rucksack might depend on the weather.
B. It is quite expensive to have camping holidays.
C. You can share a tent with your friend.
D. How much you can carry is necessary for camping holidays.