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<i><b>Ví dụ: My Tam who was known as a famous singer is over there. </b></i>
Các đại từ quan hệ được dùng để quy chiếu với danh từ đứng trước nó có thể chỉ cho một người hay
một vật.
<b>Xác định</b> <b>Xác định và không xác định</b>
<b>Chủ từ</b>
<b>people</b>
that
who
<b>things</b> which
<b>Túc từ</b>
<b>people</b>
that/ Ø
who(m)
<b>things</b> which
<i><b>Lưu ý: That có thể được dùng để chỉ người hay vật, thay thế cho chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ trong mệnh</b></i>
đề quan hệ. That đặc biệt được sử dụng khi danh từ đứng trước nó là all, everyone, everybody,
anyone, someone hay khi danh từ đứng trước nó có thể chỉ cho cả người lẫn vật.
<b>- That, who không dùng sau giới từ. </b>
<b>- That không dùng sau dấu phảy (trong mệnh đề khơng xác định). </b>
Đại từ quan hệ có thể được lược bỏ khi nó làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ & nó khơng đứng
sau giới từ.
<b>* MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ XÁC ĐỊNH (Defining relative clauses). </b>
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định đi sau một cụm danh từ và làm rõ người hoặc vật chúng ta nói về
Ex: - People who drink and drive are a danger to everyone.
- This is the horse that won last year‟s race.
- A member whose car breaks down can ring this number.
<b>Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định có thể đi sau a/an- danh từ. </b>
Ex: The book is about a boy who run away from home.
<b>Giữa danh từ/ đại từ và mệnh đề quan hệ xác định khơng có dấu phảy. </b>
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định là thành phần không thể lược bỏ trong câu.
<b>* MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ KHÔNG XÁC ĐỊNH (Non- defining relative clauses). </b>
Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định đi sau một cụm danh từ đã được xác định từ trước mà không
cần định nghĩa hoặc giải thích gì thêm nữa.
Ex: Bill, who won the race last year, hopes to win again.
His new car, which he paid $ 15,000 for, has broken down.
Her car, whose tyres were bad, skedded on the wet road.
<b>Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định cung cấp thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật được nói đến. </b>
Ex: Peter, who spoke French well, offered to interpret.
- Giữa danh từ/ đại từ và mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định có dấu phảy.
- Mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định là thành phần có thể lược bỏ trong câu.
Bài tập về mệnh đề quan hệ.
<b>EXERCISE RELATIVE CLAUSES</b>
<b>Ex1: Fill in the blank with the correct relative pronoun. </b>
1. There are eighteen different kinds of penguins ______ live south of the equator.
2. Thank you very much for the present ______ you sent me.
3. This is Mrs. Jones, ______ son won the championship last year.
4. His girlfriend, ______ he trusted absolutely, turned out to be an enemy spy.
6. A man bought in a little girl, ______ hand was cut by flying glass.
7. Mary, ______ boyfriend didn‟t turn up, ended by having lunch with Peter.
8. He paid me $5 for cleaning ten windows, most of _______ hadn‟t been cleaned for at least a year.
9. In prison they fed us on dry bread, most of ______ was
moldy. 10. The chair in _____ I was sitting suddenly collapsed.
11. The bed ______ I slept on has no mattress.
12. The man _______ I was waiting for didn‟t turn up.
<b>Ex2: Put a tick if the relative pronoun in the following sentences can be deleted, and put a </b>
<b>cross if it is not. </b>
1. We lit a fire, which soon dried out clothes.
2. The report, which should have taken an hour and a half, took three hours.
3. The children who I was looking after were terribly spoilt.
4. She thanked him for the kind help that she received.
5. There wasn‟t any directory in the telephone box from which I was phoning.
6. The man who was driving us didn‟t know the way.
7. The Smiths, whose house was destroyed in the explosion, were given rooms in the hotel.
8. The car which we hired from the airport broke down on the road.
9. My boss, who I really wanted to see, was too busy to meet anyone.
10. Mr. and Mrs. Jones, who were out playing cards, knew nothing of the burglary.
<b>Ex3: Choose the best answer</b>
1. I have two sisters ________________are doctors.
A. both of which B. who both C. both of whom D. whom both
2. Do you remember the day ? I first met you on that day.
A. Do you remember the day where I first met you ?
B. Do you remember the day when I first meet you ?
C. Do you remember the day on which I first met you ?
D. B and C are correct.
3. Mexico City ,_____ is the fastest growing city in the world , has a population of over 10 million.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
4. We visited the church _____________ in the 18th century.
A. was built B. which built C. building D. which was built
5. Ms Young, to ______ many of her students are writing, is living happily and
peacefully in Canada.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
6. She is the woman ____________ sister looks after the baby for us.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
7. Mr Smith, ______is a retired teacher, does volunteer work at the hospital.
A. that B. whom C. who D. is
8. I want to know the reason________ he told you last night.
A. Why B. which C. where D. when
10. I like the teacher. I learnt English with her in high school.
A. I like the teacher with whom I learnt English in high
school. B. I like the teacher whom I learnt English with in
high school. C. I like the teacher that I learnt English with in
high school.
D. all are correct.
11. The banker to________ I gave my check was quite friendly.
A. who B. that C. whom D. which
12. All of us are waiting for the man ___________ son was lost.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
B. is talking to the lady over there D. talking to the lady over there
14. My computer, _________ mouse doesn't work, cannot be used now.
A. while B. because C. whose D. which
15. What‟s the name of the man_________car you borrowed?
A. who B. which C. that D. whose
16. The young woman who lives next door is very kind to my family. A.
The young woman to live next door is very kind to my family. B.
The young woman he lives next door is very kind to my family. C.
The young woman living next door is very kind to my family. D.
The young woman lived next door is very kind to my family.
17. She didn‟t tell me the reason _______ she came late.
A. when B. for which C. why D. both B and C
18. This is the best play ________ I have ever seen.
A. which B. what C. whom D. that
19. I know a nearby restaurant _____ has seafood.
A. that B. who C. where D. whose
20. Taj Mahal, _____ by Shah Janhan for his wife, is thought to be one of the great architectural
wonders of the world.
A. being built B. was built C. which was built D. been built
21. Mr. Jones, ______I was working, was generous about overtime payments.
A. he B. for whom C. for him D. whom
22. Is this the address to ____________ you want the package sent ?
A. where B. which C. that D. whom
23. London is the city ________I have visited several times.
A. in which B. where C. in that D. which
24. One of the girls________in that company caused an accident
A. worked B. who worked C. whom worked
D. whose
worked
25. The computer, _____ hard disk has just been upgraded, is among the
latest generations.
A. that B. whose C. of which D. which of
26. The girl ________me this gift is my best friend.
A. presented B. was presenting C. presenting D. be presenting
27. He lent me many picture-books, most of________I had read.
A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
28. Don't drink too much beer, ________will make us fat.
A. which B. when C. who D. whom
29. The friend to ________ he was talking on the phone is English.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
30. Why do you always believe in everything________ he says?
A. who B. which C. when D. that
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
32. Aberdeen, ________ my brother lives, is a town in Scotland.
A. where B. which C. who D. when
33. My parents live in the same house ________ they bought 50 years ago.
A. that B. which C. where D. A and C
34. August is the month______I always give my birthday parties.
A. which B. in which C. what D. why
35. The people to_______she was speaking didn't know German.
A. who B. whose C. that D. whom
36. Sunday is the day _________ most of the Christians usually go to church.
A. in which B. when C. that D. at which
37. Joyce Bews,________ was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of England,
________she still lives, was 100 last year.
A. that / in which B. who / where C. that / where D. whom / where
38. According to the research, the time at______ most road accidents happen is early evening.
A. when B. which C. whose D. that
39. The girls and the flowers _____he painted were vivid.
A. who B. which C. whose D. that
40. We go to school regularly,__________________ .
A. that makes our teacher happy B. which makes our teacher happily
C. it makes our teacher happy D. which makes our teacher happy
41. The letter _________ grandma was kept carefully in a box.
A. you wrote B. which you wrote to
C. to whom wrote D. which wrote
42. Sue lives in the house. The house is opposite my house.
A. Sue lives in the house which is opposite my house.
B. Sue lives in the house who is opposite my house.
C. Sue lives in the house where is opposite my house. D. Sue
lives in the house and which is opposite my house
43. Computers cannot operate without the programmes,________ are often called software.
A. which B. that C. in which D. with which
<i><b>Ex 4: Join each pair of sentences using relative pronouns :</b></i>
1. The man didn‟t come back again. I shouted at him.
……….
2. The television never worked again. I dropped it.
……….
3. The machine was broken. I hired it.
………. . .
4. The clothes were beautiful. She bought some clothes.
……….
5. The wall fell down after three weeks. They built the wall.
6. The policeman wasn‟t very helpful. I asked him.
7. I didn‟t really like the car. We bought it.
………. . .
8. I lost the money. I borrowed it from John.
………
9. She is the most intelligent woman. I‟ve ever met this woman.
………
10 . This doctor is famous. You visited him yesterday.
……….
11. These children are orphans. She is taking care of these children.
………. . .
12. My father goes swimming everyday. You met him this morning.
………. . .
13. The man is my father. I respect this man most.
………
14. The man is my father. I respect his opinion most.
………
15. Mary and Margaret are twins. You met them yesterday.
………. .
16.I‟ll introduce you to the man. His support is necessary for your project.
………
17. The middle-aged man is the director. My father is talking to him.
………
18. The boy is my cousin. You make fun of him.
………
19. The student is from china. He sits next to me.
………
20.I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me.
………. .
<i><b>Ex 5 : Write relative pronouns to complete these sentences. </b></i>
1. We visited the school ___________ my father taught.
2. I met her last month, ___________ she came to our house.
3. We all looked at the place ___________ the fire had started.
4. Did they tell you the reason ___________ they were late?
5. The cat sat on the wall ___________ it had a good view of the birds.
6. They arrived in the evening, at a time ___________ we were all out.
7. I couldn‟t understand the reason ___________ they were so rude.
8. I met him in the cafeù ___________ he was working as a waiter.
9. I listen to music late at night, ___________ the children have gone to bed.
10. I bought them in August, ___________ I was in France.
11. Let me see all the letters _______ you have written.
12. Is there any one ________ can help me do this?
15. It was the nurse ________ told me to come in.
16. The teacher with ________, we studied last year no longer teaches in our school.
17. They showed me the hospital ________ buildings had been destroyed by US bombings.
19. Dr. Fleming, _______ discovered penicillin, was awarded the Nobel Prize for
medicine in 1945.
20. He joined the political party _______ was in power.
21. Love, ________ is a wonderful feeling, comes to everyone at some time in his life.
22. Freedom is something for _______ millions have given their lives.
23. It is easy to find faults in people ________ we dislike.
24. The really happy people are those _______ enjoy their daily work.