Test bank for biology the unity and diversity of life 12th edition by starr

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CHAPTER 1--INVITATION TO BIOLOGY

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Question Recent expeditions into New Guinea found
Answer

dozens of new species of animals.
plants that had plate-sized flowers.
a bird that was thought to be extinct.
New Guinea has a history of several billion years.
all of these.
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Question The logical scientific method for studying nature includes all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer

observing nature
developing explanations
testing the explanations
genetically engineering test subjects
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Question Which is the smallest unit of life that can exist as a separate entity?
Answer

a cell
a molecule
an organ
a population
an ecosystem
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Question The most inclusive level of organization listed here is a(n)
Answer

organ.
atom.
molecule.
multicelled organism.
cell.
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Question In order to survive and reproduce, a cell needs
Answer

an energy source.
raw materials.
a suitable environment.
DNA.
all of these.
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Question Nature is ____ in the universe except what humans have____.
Answer

living; destroyed

everything; manufactured
macromolecular; genetically engineered
verifiable life-forms; selectively bred
matter; artificially created
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Question
The level of organization represented in the figure is a(n)
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atom.
tissue.
molecule.
organ.
cell.
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Question A community
Answer

includes all populations of all species in an area.
features the living organisms interacting with the physical and chemical environment.
is the sum of all places in Earth's atmosphere, crust, and waters where organisms live.
includes members of only one species.
is at a higher level than an ecosystem.
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Question
The above figure represents a(n)
Answer

atom.
tissue.

molecule.
organ.
cell.
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Question The level of organization where factors such as sunlight, rainfall, and temperature enter the picture is the
Answer

organ system.
ecosystem.
biosphere.
molecule.
community.
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Question Living organisms are members of all of the levels listed below; however, rocks are components of
Answer

the community.
the population.
the ecosystem.
the biosphere.
both the ecosystem and the biosphere.
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Question A(n) ____ property is a characteristic of a system that does not appear in any of its component parts.
Answer

efferent
emergent
elective
energetic
living
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Question All organisms are alike in their
Answer

requirements for energy.
participation in one or more nutrient cycles.
ultimate dependence on the sun.
interaction with other forms of life.
all of these.
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Question Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of "life"?
Answer

organization into cells
response to environmental change
reproduction
inability to change
using energy
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Question Living organisms are different from inanimate objects because they
Answer

react to environmental stimuli.
exhibit massive complexity.
possess molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid.
exhibit multiple levels of organization.
all of these
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Question The conversion of solar energy to chemical energy is known as
Answer

metabolism.
photosynthesis.
chemosynthesis.
catabolism.
anabolism.
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Question Organisms sense and respond to changes both inside and outside the body by way of
Answer

metabolism.
photosynthesis.
receptors.
catabolism.
anabolism.

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Question DNA codes for the production of
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proteins.
minerals.
inorganic molecules.
vital gasses.
water.
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Question Which of the following do not depend directly on sunlight for energy?
I.

terrestrial producers
II.
animal consumers
III.
decomposers
Answer

I only
II and III only
II only
III only
I and III
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Question
On the illustration, "A" and "B" should be labeled respectively
Answer

consumers; producers

decomposers; producers
producers; redistributors
producers; consumers
none of these
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Question Nonliving entities do NOT possess
Answer

energetic interactions.
DNA.
atoms.
elements.
any of these.
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Question The flow of energy among living organisms is best characterized as
Answer

circular.
a ladder.
a lattice.
one way.
a funnel.
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Question Homeostasis provides what kind of environment?
Answer

positive
relatively constant around a set point
limiting
changing
chemical and physical
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Question Each cell is able to maintain a constant internal environment. This condition is called
Answer

metabolism.
homeostasis.
physiology.
adaptation.
evolution.
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Question About twelve to twenty-four hours after the previous meal, a person's blood-sugar level normally varies from 60 to 90 milligrams per 100
milliliters of blood, though it may rise to 130 mg/100 ml after meals high in carbohydrates. That the blood-sugar level is maintained within a fairly
narrow range despite uneven intake of sugar is due to the body's ability to carry out
Answer

adaptation.
inheritance.
metabolism.
homeostasis.
all of these.
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Question For a cell to take up sugar from the bloodstream,
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receptors for insulin on the cell must be activated.
a person must have had a meal with sugar within the last twenty-four hours.
homeostatic mechanisms must activate the blood-brain barrier.
glycogen must be broken down to provide a supply of glucose.
the pancreas must supply the appropriate enzymes to make sugar available.
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Question Which of the following phrases would most likely be used in a discussion of homeostasis?
Answer

respond to environmental stimuli
limited range of variation
rapid energy turnover
cycle of elements
structural and functional units of life
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Question The DNA molecule is most similar functionally to a
Answer

pair of scissors.
flashlight battery.

computer memory chip.
ballpoint pen.
craft kit of ceramic tiles.
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Question Energy sources are needed for which of the following processes?
I.
reproduction
II.
growth
III.
development
Answer

I and II
I and III
II only
II and III
I, II, and III
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Question A fertilized moth egg passes through which stages of development before becoming an adult?
I.
larval
II.
pupal
III.
reproductive
Answer

I only
II only
I and II
I and III
II and III
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Question A new life cycle begins with
Answer

death.
pupation.
formation of a larva.
fertilization of an egg.
hatching of an egg.
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Question A scientific name consists of which of the following?
I.
family name
II. genus name
III. species name
Answer

I only
II only
III only
I and II

II and III
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Question The plural for genus is

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Answer

genus.
geni.
genera.
gena.
genae.
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Question The least inclusive of the taxonomic categories listed here is
Answer

family.
phylum.
class.
order.
genus.
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Question Which group includes all of the other groups?
Answer

domain
order
family
genus
species
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Question The hierarchical system of nomenclature
Answer

allows diversity to be catalogued.
organizes knowledge about species relationships.
permits organisms to be identified.
sorts organisms into groups.
all of these.
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Question Members of what domain are evolutionarily closest to eukaryotes?
Answer

Animalia

Protista
Fungi
Bacteria
Archaea
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Question All of the following are domains of life except?
Answer

Animalia
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
none of these
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Question Members of what group are multicellular producers?
Answer

Animalia
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
none of these
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Question Which of the following groups are made up of almost exclusively decomposers?
Answer

Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
Monera
Protista
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Question Which of the following are NOT eukaryotes?
Answer

fungi
bacteria
plants
animals
protistans
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Question Hereditary instructions must

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be unchanging most of the time.
pass from one generation to the next.
control a large number of different characteristics.
provide for the rare change in instructions.
all of these.
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Question A mutation is a change in
Answer

homeostasis.
the developmental pattern in an organism.
metabolism.
hereditary instructions.
the life cycle of an organism.
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Question Evolution occurs at what level of organization?
Answer

organism
molecule
organ
population
ecosystem
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Question Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Answer

Diversity is the result of evolution.
The characteristics of any living organism are under the control of an inorganic chemical.
The diversity of living organisms makes life unpredictable, even using scientific methods.
All organisms are alike in that their structure and organization arise from matter and energy.

The behavior of individual organisms is dependent solely upon heard behavior evolutionary history.
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Question The diversity of structure, function, and behavior in living organisms is primarily the result of
Answer

reproduction.
heredity.
evolution.
chance variations in living organisms of the same generation.
artificial selection.
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Question Which of the following ultimately accounts for variation in genetic traits?

Answer

replication of DNA molecules
genetic mutation
asexual reproduction
ecological succession
homeostatic mechanisms
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Question An adaptive trait is a trait that has
Answer

mutated.
survival value.
decreased in frequency in a population.
deleterious biological effects.
the potential to produce variation.
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Question The animals used in the text to show variation in domesticated forms are
Answer

pigeons.
chickens.
pigs.
dogs.
cats.
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Question The principal point of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is that
Answer

long-term heritable changes in organisms are caused by use and disuse.

mutations that adapt an organism to a given environment always arise in the greatest frequency in the organisms that occupy that
environment.
mutations are caused by all sorts of environmental influences.
survival of characteristics in a population depends on competition between organisms, especially between members of the same
species.
mutations mostly have favorable effects.
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Question Which premise used by Darwin in his theory is INCORRECTLY stated below?
Answer

More offspring are produced than will survive to reproduce.
Members of populations show heritable variation.
Some varieties have a better chance to survive and reproduce.
Organisms that possess advantageous traits have a decreased chance of producing offspring.
Some traits become more common because their bearers contribute more offspring to the next generation.
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Question Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Answer

Natural selection is based upon differential reproduction and survival.
For evolution to occur in a population, there must be some variation.
Most mutations have beneficial effects on traits.
A population evolves when heritable change occurs in a line of descent.
Over time, some genetic traits are more adaptive than others.
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Question The scientific explanation for the diversity seen in nature is
Answer

based upon sexual differences.
divine creation of the many different forms of life.
found in the science of taxonomy.
natural selection.
artificial selection.

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Question A well-tested hypothesis that has not been disproved is called a
Answer

principle.
law.
theory.
fact.
hypothesis.
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Question ____ means judging information before accepting it as fact.
Answer

Critical thinking
Law
Theory
Fact
Hypothesis
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Question Of the following, which is the first explanation of a problem? (It is sometimes called an "educated guess.")
Answer

principle
law
theory
fact
hypothesis
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Question Hypotheses are
Answer

often in the form of a statement.
often expressed negatively.
sometimes crude attempts to offer a possible explanation for observations.
testable predictions.
all of these.
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Question In order to arrive at a solution to a problem, a scientist usually conducts one or more
Answer

laws.
theories.

experiments.
principles.
facts.
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Question Which represents the lowest degree of certainty?
Answer

hypothesis
conclusion
fact
principle
theory
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Question Which represents the highest degree of certainty?
Answer

hypothesis
fact
assumption
theory
prediction
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Question The control in an experiment
Answer

makes the experiment valid.
is an additional replicate for statistical purposes.
reduces the experimental errors.
minimizes experimental inaccuracy.
allows a mixed group of comparisons among different organisms for the experimental group.
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Question As a result of experimentation,
Answer

more hypotheses may be developed.
more questions may be asked.
a new biological principle could emerge.
entire theories may be modified.
all of these.
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Question In an experiment, the control group is
Answer

not subjected to experimental error.
exposed to experimental treatments.

maintained under strict laboratory conditions.
treated exactly the same as the experimental group, except for one variable.
statistically the most important part of the experiment.
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Question The choice of whether a particular organism belongs to the experimental group or the control group should be based on
Answer

age.
size.
chance.
designation by the experimenter.
sex.
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Question Scientists are always thinking about ways to improve experimental design. In the text's potato chip experiment, which of these might do
so?
Answer

show a different movie
exclude teenagers as group members
collect uneaten chip remains and weigh them for both groups
provide free drinks
use a smaller theater
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Question In the experiment with Peacock butterflies, the working hypothesis is that
Answer

mimicry confuses both predator and prey.
mimicry conveys a selective advantage to the prey.
birds are capable of learning.
birds are agents of evolution.

unpalatable species display distinctive wings.
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Question The variable in the butterfly experiment is
Answer

butterfly wing pattern color.
butterfly species.
bird predator species.
rainforest region used.
percentage of survivors.
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Question How did the control group differ from the experimental group in the butterfly experiment?

Answer

They were different species.
Their native habitat area of the forest differed.
They tasted worse.
They were white-patterned.
They preferred different flower species.
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Question The data from the butterfly experiment reflected which of the following?
Answer

natural selection
food choices by predators
the ability of birds to find the prey
the role of mimicry
all of these
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Question The results of the butterfly experiment
Answer

supported the hypothesis.
provided valuable quantitative data.
confirmed the prediction.
provided evidence of natural selection in action.
all of these.
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Question Which of the following might be a possible follow-up experiment?
Answer

Repeat in a forest area totally devoid of native butterflies.
Repeat in a wildlife sanctuary aviary after giving birds a chance to learn about yellow H. eleuchia.
Repeat using young, inexperienced birds.
Repeat, but count survivors for three weeks.

all of these.
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Question Randomly selecting samples of experimental units from an environment can result in
Answer

sampling error.
blind testing.
evidence.
experimental design.
consensus.
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Question Science is based on
Answer

faith.
authority.
evidence.
force.
consensus.
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Question Which of the following can be changed based on new evidence?
Answer

hypothesis
theory
prediction
experiment
all of these
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Question Which of the following is NOT used in the development of science?
Answer

evaluation of data
personal conviction
prediction
systematic observation
sharing ideas
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Question All of the following will strengthen a theory EXCEPT
Answer

repetitions of experiments.

increased observations.
time.
faith.
confirmation by many scientists.
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Question The validity of scientific discoveries cannot be based on
Answer

morality.
aesthetics.
philosophy.
economics.
any of these.
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Question Copernicus, Galileo, and Darwin found that ____ caused their science to be controversial.
Answer

prevailing belief
objective data
astronomy
the supernatural
experimental design
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Question Matching. Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond.
Answer Match Question Items

Answer Items

E. - A. Conduct a survey of individuals who smoke and individuals who do not smoke. Determine which group
has the highest incidence of cancers.

A. Observation

D. - B. If smoking causes cancer, then individuals who smoke will get cancer more often than those who do not. B. Question
H. - C. Submit the results and the conclusions to the scientific community.

C. Hypothesis

F. - D. Establish identical groups of laboratory rats. Expose one group (the model system) to cigarette smoke
and compare the incidence of new cancers (if any) with the incidence in the control group.

D. Prediction

G. - E. Compile test results and draw conclusions from them.

E. Observational
experiment

C. - F. Smoking cigarettes may cause cancer.

F. Laboratory
experiment

B. - G. Why do people get cancer?

G. Assess results

A. - H. People get cancer.

H. Report
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Question Classification. Match the following descriptions to the most appropriate function, process, or trait listed below.

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Answer Match Question Items

Answer Items

C. - A. a process found only in plants and some bacteria and some protists

A. evolution

E. - B. a characteristic most organisms exhibit that tends to buffer the effects of environmental change B. reproduction
A. - C. heritable change occurs in a line of descent

C. photosynthesis

B. - D. process in which one generation replaces another

D. growth
E. homeostasis
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Question Classification. Match the following descriptions with the most appropriate group listed below.
Answer

Match Question Items

Answer Items

C. - A. multicellular producers

A. Bacteria

A. - B. prokaryotic

B. Protista

B. - C. unicellular organisms of considerable internal complexity C. Plantae
E. - D. multicellular motile consumers

D. Fungi

A. - E. oldest living organisms

E. Animalia

B. - F. unicellular producers
D. - G. multicellular decomposers
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