Một số vấn đề đặt ra đối với chiến lược bảo vệ tổ quốc trong giai đoạn hiện nay

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Nghien cuu - Trao ddi <b>Tpp chi C d n g sdn </b>

<b>MOT SO VAN DE DAT RA </b>

<b>D 6 | Vbl CHIEN LUOC BAO VE TO QUOC </b>

<b>TRONG GIAI DOAN HIEN NAY </b>

<b>. 1 1 </b>

NGUYEN N G O C H O I

<i>"Chiin luqc bdo ve Td qudc trong tinh hinh mm" duac Hoi nghi lan thii </i>
<i>tdm Ban Chip hdnh Trung uong Ddng Cong sdn Viet Nam (khoa IX) de ra </i>
<i>vd da di vdo cuoc sdng thuc tiin hon 5 ndm qua. Not dung cua Chien luffc </i>
<i>da phdn anh mot cdch tap trung nhiing tuduy mdi cua Ddng ta ve nhiem </i>
<i>vu bdo ve To qudc trong bdi cdnh ddt nude day mqnh hoi nhqp kinh te quoc </i>
<i>ti ngdy cdng sdu, rong. Dd Id ket tinh tri tue sdng tqo cua todn Ddng qua </i>
<i>nhieu ky Dqi hoi, dqc Met Id su ke thiia vd phdt trien nhimg tu duy mdi ve </i>
<i>nhiem vu bdo ve Td qudc tit cdc Dqi hoi Idn thii VII, VIII vd IX. </i>

T

HUC tien trien khai thye hien "Chien
luge bao ve Td qudc trong tinh hinh
mdi" nhiing nam qua da dem lai nhieu
thanh tuu to Idn, ma ndi bat la: ddc lap, ehu
quyen, thdng nhat, toan ven lanh thd cua dat
nude, ciing nhu sy lanh dao cua Dang, che dp
chinh tri xa hdi chii nghia (XHCN) dugc giir
virng; the va lye cua nude ta da tang len
nhieu; dat nude hda binh, dn dinh da tao mdi
trudng thuan lpi de phat trien kinh te; nude ta
dugc xem la diem den an toan ciia khach du

lich va cac nha dau tu qudc te, v.v.. Thye tien
dd da minh chirng cho tinh diing dan ciia
nhirng nhan djnh, dy bao va quan diem chl
dao ma "Chien luge bao ve To qudc trong
tinh hinh mdi" da neu ra. Tuy nhien, trong
qua trinh thye hien Chien luge bao ve Td
qudc, thai gian qua, da xuat hien nhung han
che, bat cap (ca trong nhan thuc va td ehuc
hanh ddng), ddi hdi viec tiip tuc thye hien

Chien luge nay trong giai doan hien nay phai
cd nhiing giai phap khac phyc hieu qua.

<i>Trudc het, phai lam tdt hon nira viec quan </i>

triet trong mpi tang Idp nhan dan he thdng
<i>quan diem mdi cua Dang ve muc tieu vd </i>

<i>nhiem vu bdo ve Td qudc ma "Chien luge bao </i>

ve Td qudc trong tinh hinh mdi" da neu ra;
sdm khac phyc nhirng han che trong nhan
thirc va hanh ddng ciia mdt bd phan can bp,
dang vien va nhan dan ve van de nay. Dd la
chua thay dugc sy gan bd chat che giira bao ve
ddc lap, chu quyen, thdng nhat va toan ven
lanh thd vdi bao ve chl dp chinh tri XHCN;
chua nhan thirc day dii vai trd, tam quan trpng
cua nhiem vu bao ve sy nghiep ddi mdi, bao
ve an ninh qudc gia, trat ty an toan xa hdi va

bao ve nen van hda vdi bao ve ddc lap, chii

* Thieu tuang, PGS, TS, Tong Bien Tap tap chi Quoc
phong toan dan

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Nghien cuu - Trao ddi <b>T a p c h i C d n g s d n </b>

quyen, su thdng nhat, toan ven lanh thd va
che dp chinh tri... Vi the, cd noi, cd liic, mdt
bd phan nhan dan, nhat la thanh nien da bi cac
the lye ben ngoai kich ddng chay theo van de
bao ve Td qudc ve mat ty nhien - lich su ma
sao nhang va xem nhe viec bao ve Td quoc ve
mat ehinh tri - xa hdi; tu dd, roi vao am muu
tham ddc ciia chien luge "dien bien hda binh"
ma cac the luc thii dich giang ra, hdng loi
dung cac van de nhay cam ve chu quyen, lanh
thd ma lich sir de lai de ha be vai trd lanh dao
ciia Dang, lat dd che dp chinh tri XHCN mot
each em tham, khdng can tdi chien tranh. De
khac phue han che dd, van de dat ra hien nay
la cac cap, cac nganh phai day manh cong tac
giao due, nang cao nhan thirc, nham quan triet
cd hieu qua hon trong cac tang Idp nhan dan
ve 6 ndi dung trong myc tieu, nhiem vu bao
<i>ve Td qudc ma Chien luge da neu: "Mot la, </i>
bao ve viing chac doe lap, chii quyen, thdng
<i>nhat, toan ven lanh thd; hai Id, bao ve Dang, </i>
<i>Nha nude, nhan dan va che dp XHCN; ba Id, </i>
bao ve sy nghiep ddi mdi, cong nghiep hda,

<i>hien dai hda dat nude; bdn Id, bao ve loi Ich </i>
<i>qudc gia, dan tdc; ndm Id, bao ve an ninh </i>
chinh tri, trat ty an toan xa hdi va nen van
<i>hoa; sdu Id, giu virng dn dinh chinh tri va moi </i>
trudng hda binh, phat trien dat nude theo dinh
hudng XHCN". Dieu guan trpng la phai lam
cho mpi ngudi dan hieu ro hon moi quan he
bien chirng, khdng the tach rdi ^iira cac ndi
dung trong nhiem vu bao ve To qudc; kien
dinh muc tieu ddc lap dan tdc gan lien vdi chii
nghia xa hdi (CNXH); khlng dinh ro: bao ve
To qudc Viet Nam hien nay la bao ve Td qudc
Viet Nam XHCN; tir dd thudng xuyen nang
cao tinh thin canh giac each mang, cham lo
xay dyng va cung cd tinh than yeu nude
XHCN, kien quyit dap tan mpi am muu tham
ddc trong chien luge "dien bien hda binh" cua
cac thi lye thu dich, bao ve viing chac doc
lap, chu quyin, thdng nhat, toan ven lanh
thd ciia Td qudc, bao ve cdng cuoc ddi mdi
theo dinh hudng XHCN dudi sy lanh dao
ciia Dang.

<i>Hai la, cm nmg cao nhan thirc cua nhan </i>

<i>dan ve nhung phat trien mdi trong phuang </i>

<i>thuc bdo ve Td qudc hien nay; lam cho mpi </i>

ngudi dan thay ro vai trd ngay cang noi bat

cua bien phap phi vii trang, van de ket hgp
giira xay dyng va bao ve, van de ty bao ve ciia
moi ca nhan, to chirc va bao ve Td qudc tir xa
dang ddi hdi tinh chii ddng, tich eye va
thudng tryc hon cua mpi ngudi dan. Thye tien
nhirng nam qua cho thay, nhan thirc ciia mot
bp phan can bp, dang vien va nhan dan trong
xa hoi ta ve van de nay con han che; chua
thay dugc sy thay ddi ve chien luge va
phuong thuc chdng pha each mang nude ta
ciia cac the lye thu dich, phan ddng, trong do
chung su dung phirong thuc phi vii trang la
chu yeu, lpi dung cac chieu bai "dan chii",
"nhan quyen", "ton giao", "dan tpc" de can
thiep vao ndi bp nude ta vdi cac thu doan
"dien bien hoa binh" ket hgp vdi bao loan lat
do va khi c6 thdi ca thi cd the phat ddng chien
tranh xam luge. Do vay, da cd khdng it ngudi
mat canh giac trudc nhirng am muu, thu doan
pha hoai bang chien luge "dien bien hda binh"
ciia cac the lye thu dich; chua thay het tinh
nguy hai cua chien luge nay. Vi the, mot
trong nhirng nhiem vu cap bach liic nay la
phai lam cho mpi can bp, dang vien va cac
tang Idp nhan dan c6 nhan thuc ngay cang day
du hon ve sy ddi mdi tu duy chien luge ciia
chiing ta ve bao ve Td qudc ngay nay, tu sir
dung cac bien phap vii trang la chinh sang sir
dung cac bien phapjphi vii trang la chinh, ket
hgp chat che vdi dau tranh vii trang khi can

thiet; trong do, van de dau tranh tren cac linh
vyc kinh te, chinh tri, tu tudng, van hoa, sy
kit hgp giua kinh te vdi qudc phdng va an
ninh, ddi ngoai can phai dugc quan tam nhieu
hon. Ben canh dd, can lam cho mpi to chirc,
<i>ca nhan trong xa hdi ta hieu ro hon sy ddi mdi </i>

<i>phuong thue bdo ve Td qudc ngay nay con </i>

dugc the hien d viec: tirng dia phuong, ca sd
phai ehu ddng gan ket xay dyng vdi bao ve va
ty bao ve mdt each thudng xuyen, mpi luc,
mpi noi, trong tirng chien luge, quy hoach, ke

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Nghien cuu - Trao ddi <b>T a p c h i C d n g s d n </b>

hoach phat triin kinh tl - xa hdi; xem ty bao
ve la phuang thirc huu hieu nhat de "bao ye tir
xa", chdng "dien bien hda binh", nhat la
chong "ty dien bien", v.v.. trong sy nghiep
bao ve Td qudc hien nay.

<i>Ba la, cm nmg cao nhan thirc ciia toan </i>

<i>dan ve sue mqnh vd luc luqng bdo ve Td qudc </i>
ngay nay khdng chl la sue manh cua lye lugng
vii trang, ma la sire manh cua toan dan, siix;
manh tong hgp cua quoc gia va che dp, lay
sue manh kinh te, chinh tri lam ca sd. Theo
do, can tiep tuc lam cho mpi ngudi hieu rd:

ngay nay, trong dieu kien he thdng XHCN the
gidi khdng con, thi sire manh ben trong cua
dat nude, sire manh cua che dp chinh tri, sy
virng manh cua Dang va he thdng chinh tri, sy
trong sach cua dpi ngii can bd, dang vien va
sire manh cua khoi dai doan ket toan dan tdc
la nhan td quyet dinh than^ lpi cua sy nghiep
bao ve Td qudc. Trong van de nay, can sdm
khac phuc nhirng nhan thirc phien dien cua
mot bp phan can bp, dang vien va nhan dan
khi cho rang: tap trung lam cho kinh te manh,
thi ty khac quoc phong se manh. Tu dd, trong
hanh dong thuc tien, hp chii trpng nhieu hon
den myc tieu kinh te, ma chua quan tam diing
muc den muc tieu, nhiem vu bao ve To qudc,
chua chii y ket hgp chat che giua phat trien
kinh te xa hoi vdi tang cudng qudc phdng
-an ninh. Ben c-anh dd, tren co sd nh-an thuc
diing dan ve sire manh bao ve Td qudc hien
nay, can lam ehuyen bien can ban trong nhan
thuc va hanh ddng ciia mpi tang Idp nhan dan
ve vai trd^ cua cac lye lugng trong sy nghiep
<i>bao ve Td qudc hien nay; ma d dd, lire luqng </i>

<i>vd trang chi Idm ndng cot trong ddu tranh vii </i>
<i>trang, cdn trong dieu kien dau tranh phi vu </i>

trang dang ndi len nhu la phuong thuc dlu
tranh chu yeu de bao ve To qudc, thi vai trd
ciia toan dan phai dugc dat len hang dlu.

Theo do, mdi ngudi dan, tren co sd chu nghia
yeu nude XHCN, vdi nhirng phuang tien ma
khoa hpc - cdng nghe cua thdi dai dem lai,
hoan toan co the va can phai chii ddng, ty giac
tham gia bao ve To qudc, bao ve co quan, don

vi va nganh minh bang nhirng viec lam va
hinh thuc phii hgp vdi ehuc nang ciia mdi to
chire, co quan, don vi ciing nhu ehuc trach,
nghe nghiep va phirong tien cua mdi ngudi
dan. Nhu the, se tao nen sue manh tdng hgp
qudc gia va cung chinh la bieu hien ciia hanh
ddng bao ve Td qudc tu xa, bao ve Td qudc tir

<i>ca sd. Cirng vdi tiep tyc day manh xay dyng </i>

Quan dpi nhan dan va Cdng an nhan dan each
mang, chinh quy, tinh nhue, tiing budc hien
dai, ed quy md hgp ly, trong dieu kien hien
nay, can ehu trpng xay dyng lye lugng dy hi
ddng vien hirng hau, lye lugng dan quan ty ve
"vung manh, rdng khap", nhat la trong cac
doanh nghiep tu nhan, doanh nghiep co von
dau tu nude ngoai.

<i>Bdn la, qum triet sau sac hon nira trong </i>

mpi tang Idp nhan dan tu duy bien chiing ciia
<i>Dang ta ve ddi tuang vd ddi tdc trong thdi ky </i>
hdi nhap kinh te qudc te. Day la van de dac

biet quan trpng, lien quan chat che den su
phoi hgp giira qudc phdng vdi kinh te, an ninh
va ddi ngoai; anh hudng den hieu qua viec
phat huy sire manh tdng hgp dl bao ve T6
qudc trong tinh hinh mdi. Trong thye tiin, do
nhan thirc chua day du vl am muu, thu doan
tinh vi, tham ddc trong chiin luge "diln biln
hda binh" cua cac the lye thu dich, nen thdi
gian qua, mdt bd phan can bd, dang vien va
nhan dan nhan thuc chua dly du (cd luc chua
dung) ve ddi tugng, ddi tac ciia nude ta hien
nay; chua thay rd tinh bien chirng trong quan
diem cua Dang ye ddi tugng va ddi tac. Do
vay, nhan thuc ve hgp tac va dlu tranh, ddi
tugng va ddi tac cd liic, cd noi chua that ro;
kha nang cy the hda quan dilm nay trong xir
ly cac tinh hudng cdn han chl; mdt bd phan
nhan dan, dac biet la thanh nien, cdn mic
muu thu doan cua cac thi lye thir dich trong
xu ly cac vy viec cy thi, nhlt la trong xir ly
cac van de nhay cam yl dlu tu, vl chu quyin,
lanh thd do lich su dl lai, v.v.. D I khic phuc,
can day manh hon nua edng tac giao due
chinh tri, tu tudng, nang cao nhan thirc ciia
cae tang Idp nhan dan vl vln dl nay; lam cho

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Nghien cuu - Trao ddi <b>T a p c h i C d n g s d n </b>

mpi ngudi dan nam vung nhirng nguyen tac
xac dinh ddi tugng va ddi tac cua Dang:

"Nhung ai ehu truong tdn trpng ddc lap, chii
quyen, thiet lap va md rdng quan he hiru nghi
va hgp^ tac binh dang, cung c6 lpi vdi Viet
Nam deu la ddi tac cua chiing ta. Bat ke the
lye nao ed am muu va hanh dong chdng pha
muc tieu ciia nude ta trong su nghiep xay
dyng va bao ve Td qudc deu la ddi tugng dau
tranh"''^; ddng thdi, phai giiip hp cd each nhin
bien chirng ve ddi tugng va ddi tac: trong mdi
ddi tuong van cd the cd mat can tranh thu,
hgp tac; trong mot sd ddi tac, co the co mat
khac biet, mau thuan vdi lpi ich cua ta, can
phai dau tranh.

<i>Ndm la, nmg cao hon nira nhan thirc va </i>

trach nhiem cua cac cap, cac nganh, cac lye
<i>lugng trong xa hdi ddi vdi viec xdy dung nen </i>

<i>qudc phdng todn ddn; kien quyet khac phuc </i>

nhirng nhan thirc chua diing ciia mdt bp phan
can bd, dang vien va nhan dan cho rang: qudc
phong chi la viec rieng cua quan dpi, ciia Bd
Qudc phdng, va qudc phdng chl nham chuan
bi dl danh thang chien tranh vu trang cua cac
the lye xam luge. Theo do, chiing ta can nang
cao trach nhiem ciia cac cap, cac nganh trong
tham gia xay dyng nen qudc phdng toan dan
(ea ve lye lugng va the tran), nhat la thye hien

sy kit hgp giira phat trien kinh te - xa hdi vdi
tang cudng qudc phdng - an ninh, trong xay
dyng va td chirc dien tap khu vyc phdng thii
tinh (thanh phd) theo Nghi quyet sd
28-NQ/TW ciia Bd Chinh tri va trong xay
dyng "thi tran long dan" cua khu vyc phdng
thii; bao dam viec td chirc dien tap khu vyc
phdng thu cd sy tham gia day du hon ciia cac
ban, nganh Trung uong, sy phdi hgp chat che
cua cac luc lugng quan dpi, cdng an, bien
phong (neu cd) trong khu vyc phdng thu,
nhIm nang cao kha nang van hanh co che
hoat ddng khu vyc phdng thu theo tinh than
Nghi quyit sd 02-NQ/TW cua Bd Chinh tri.
Ciing vdi dd, tiip tuc ddi mdi nhan thuc ve
mdi quan he giira qudc phdng vdi an ninh va
ddi ngoai trong dieu kien nude ta da la thanh
vien ciia Td chirc Thuong mai the gidi; bo

sung, hoan thien quy che phdi hgp giira ba
linh vyc nay, lam ro ca che lanh dao, chl dao,
chl huy, quan ly sy phoi hgp trong dieu kien
thye hien cac cam ket qudc te; ddng thdi, tich
eye ddi mdi ndi dung, hinh thuc, bien phap
phdi hgp, ket hgp cac hoat dong doi ngoai
quan sy, quoc phong, an ninh vdi doi ngoai
cua Dang, Nha nude va ddi ngoai nhan dan
trong thye hien nhiem vu bao ve Td quoc;
nghien ciru xay dyng Chien luge qudc phong
- an ninh - ddi ngoai va ket hgp xay dyng the

tran quoc phong toan dan vdi the tran an ninh
nhan dan va ddi ngoai nhan dan trong mdt
chien luge thong nhat ve bao ve Td qudc.
Ciing vdi do, can day manh cdng tac giao due
quoc phdng- an ninh toan dan va bdi dudng
kien thuc qudc phdng - an ninh theo Chl thi sd
12-CT/TW cua Bp Chinh tri vl "Tang cudng
sy lanh dao cua Dang doi vdi cdng tac giao
due quoc phdng - an ninh trong tinh hinh
mdi" va Nghi dinh sd 116/2007/ND-CP cua
Chinh phu ve "Giao due qudc phdng - an
ninh" cho mpi tang Idp nhan dan; xem do la
bien phap ca ban, cd tinh chat nen tang de
nang cao trach nhiem ciia mpi cap, mpi nganh
va mpi ngudi dan ddi vdi sy nghiep xay dyng
nen quoc phdng toan dan viing manh.

Sy nghiep bao ve To quoc cua nhan dan ta
dang dirng trudc nhieu ca hdi va thach thuc to
Idn. De gianh lay ca hdi, vugt qua thach thirc,
viec tiip tuc quan triet sau sac hon nira nhirng
quan dilm ca ban ciia Dang trong "Chien
luge bao ve Td quoc trong tinh hinh mdi" la
hit sire cln thiet. Nhung, quan trpng hon, la
tren co sd do, timg cap, nganh, ca quan, don
vi, dia phirong va tiing ngudi dan phai biet
van dung hnh hoat, sang tao nhiing van de ca
ban cd tinh nguyen tac do de xu ly cac tinh
hudng cu the, gdp phan vao bao ve viing chac
Td qudc Viet Nam XHCN trong thdi ky

mdi.Q

<i>(1) Ban Tu tuOTig - Van hoa Trung uong: Tdi lieu hoc tap </i>

<i>Nghi quyet Hoi nghi Idn thu tdm Ban chap hdnh Trung </i>
<i>uong Ddng khoa IX. Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia. Ha Noi, 2003, </i>

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