Về một số hoạt động kinh tế của người Kinh ở Quảng Tây, Trung Quốc

<span class='text_page_counter'>(1)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=1>

<b>Ve mot so hoat dong kinh te' </b>

<b>cua ngudi Kinh d Quang Tay, Trung Quoc </b>

N G U Y E N DUY BINH^

T

r u n g Qud'c la qud'c gia ddng dan va
rdng ldn t r e n the gidi. Ngfldi Kinh
la mgt dan tdc so' it trong 56 cac dan tdc
Trung Qud'c. Hg da djnh cfl va sinh song
dn dinh d cac hdn dao phfa Nam, thugc
tra'n Giang Binh, t h a n h phd' Ddng Hflng,
tinh Q u a n g Tay T r u n g Qud'c k h d a n g 500
nam trfldc day. T r o n g bai viel nay tac gia
gidi thieu mdt each khai q u a t ve nhflng
tap quan trong b o a t ddng kinh te cua
ngfldi Kinh d tinh Q u a n g Tay.

Thed thd'ng ke n a m 2000 thi dan so'
ngfldi Kinh d T r u n g Qud'c k h d a n g 22.500
ngfldi, song chu yeu d P h d n g T h a n h thudc
khu tfl tri cua ngfldi C h u a n g , tinh Q u a n g
Tay. Tai day, ngfldi Kinh sinh song chu
yeu tren ba hdn dao Vu Ddu, Van Vi, Sdn
Tam, hinh t h a n h nen T a m Dao hay cdn
ggi la Kinh dao, thudc t r a n Giang Binh,
thanh phd' Ddng Hflng, t i n h Q u a n g Tay,
chi each cifa k h a u Mdng Cai ciia Viet Nam
25km"*.

Tren vflng bien ngfldi Kinh sinh sd'ng

cd hdn 700 loai ca, t r o n g dd nhieu Igai cd

gia tri kinh te cao nhfl ca map, ca hfldng,
ca bdng, mflc... T h e m vao dd la cac Igai
cua bien, sfla bien, tdm hflm...vdn da dflcic

fla thich t r e n thi trfldng the gidi. Ti le

muoi cua nflde bien khoang 31,01%

-33,91%. Thd nhfldng t r e n nhflng bon dao

ra't thfch hgp cho viec canh tac dau phdng
(lac), khoai lang, vai, n h a n , mi't, chudi, du

du, hong bi...

Tuy nhien, do liidng nu'dc nggt tren cac

dao r a i b a n che' nen trfldc day, dai da so'

ngfldi Kinh khdng trdng Ifla nflde. Sau khi
nflde Cdng Hda N h a n Dan T r u n g Hoa

dflde t h a n h lap (1949), n h a nflde da td

chflc dap de, lan bien, he thdng nflde nggt

da diidc dan tfl da't lien ra cac dao, cdng
ddng ngfldi K m h d day da bdt dau trdng

Ifla nflde. Den nay, ddng bao da hoan toan

tfl tflc dflde Ifldng thfle'^*.

Tren dao Sdn Tam, so' ngfldi lam ndng

nghiep nhieu hdn t r e n cac dao khac vi d

day d a i ndng nghiep khong hiem nhfl d

dad Van Vi. N h i n chung, t h u n h a p chfnh

cua ngfldi Kinh van la nghe d a n h ca bien

(chiem 60% tdng t h u n h a p hd gia dinh),

ndng nghiep (chiem 30%), tieu t h u cdng

nghiep (7%), nghe lam mudi (3%)'^\

1. N g h e d a n h c a b i e n

</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(2)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=2>

<b>74 </b>

<i>Nghien ciiu Dong Nam A 6/2009 </i>

Trfldc 1949, n g h e d a n h ca bien cua
ddng bao da tdn tai 3 loai h i n h chfnh ;
d a n h ca d ven bien, d a n h ca d bien xa va
d a n h ca d vflng bien cifa sdng, Cdng cii
d a n h ca ven bien la Ifldi keo, ldng bat ca,

can cau,,,Lfldi keo cd hai loai Idn va nhd
deu cd day Ifldi, p h a c . L f l d i d a n h ca va
t h u y e n la tfl lieu s a n xua't chii yeu cua
ddng bao. Theo t h d n g ke, d Sdn T a m , cho
den n a m 1949, ca thon cd 58 hg ngfl dan
thi cd 94,2% la hd ngheo; d Vu Ddu so hg
ngheo la 85%. Dia chu va phfl ndng chiem
loan bg tfl lieu san x u a l , ngfl dan phai
thue, vay lai cua dia chii de m u a thuyen,
Ifldi d a n h ca.

Do k h d n g cd tien, nhflng ngfl dan
ngheo thfldng phai c h u n g n h a u m u a met

t a m ludi va l u a n phien n h a u sfl dung, moi
hd dflde quyen sif d u n g mdt n a m . Nhflng
ngfl dan khac chfla den Iflcit sii d u n g phai

di lam t h u e cho ngfldi d a n g den Iflcit va chi
dflde n h a n thfl lao tfl 15-20%o s a n Ifldng ca.

Chinh tfl day b a t ddu h i n h t h a n h thflc bdc
lot gifla cac ngfl dan vdi n h a u . Giai cap dia
chfl ngu'di H a n va ngfldi Kinh da ldi d u n g

loai q u a n he t r u y e n thd'ng nay de tien
h a n h bdc lot het sfle t a n bao ndng dan, ta

dien, ngfl d a n ngheo. Khdng nhflng the,
nhflng ngfldi ngheo cdn p h a i lam t h u e ,

lam mudn cho dia chu, cfldng hao. Nhflng

ngiidi lam t h u e diidc chia lam 2 Igai ; dat
b a n va n g a n h a n . Nhflng ngfldi dflde t h u e

dai b a n thi dflde an udng lai gia chu va
anh ta phai h o a n t h a n h cdng viec ma chu
giao, thfl lao cua hg k h d n g gi k h a c ngdai

ba bfla chiio. Ngfldi du'dc t h u e n g a n b a n
diidc an d tai n h a m i n h , sfl dai ngd cua gia

chu cflng nhfl ddi vdi nhflng ngiidi dflde
t h u e dai h a n .

T r o n g cac mdi q u a n he giai cap, dia
chii, cfldng h a o ngoai viec dflng quyen the
de chiem r u d n g da't, bdc lot t a dien, cdn
bdc lot ngfl d a n b a n g mgi each. Ba h i n h
thflc bdc lot ngfl d a n c h u yeu la : 1. cho
t h u e Ifldi d a n h ca; 2. cho vay Ifldi d a n h ca;
3. cho mfldn tien m u a Ifldi d a n h ca. Vdi
loai h i n h t h u e mfldn, theo dd khi mfldn
Ifldi, ngfl d a n thu'dng phai t a p t r u n g tfl 20
den 30 hd, cflng kf mgt b a n giao keo vdi
dia chu de lam b a n g chflng. Tien t h u e Ifldi
thu'dng dflde tfnh b d n g s a n Iflcing ca.
Thdng thfldng, chu Ifldi dflde hfldng 1/2
san Iflcing ca cua ngfl d a n . Vf du: san
Ifldng d a n h b a t ca ciia mdt t a m Ifldi la

700Q kg / n a m thi chu Ifldi dflde 3500 kg;

cdn 20 hg ngfl d a n mfldn Ifldi chi dflcic chia
175 kg. Cd mdt h i n h thflc-J^dc lot nfla la
chu Ifldi cho ngfl d a n vay day de det Ifldi
va tien t h u e Ifldi dflde tfnh theo ti le 4-6,
tflc chii Ifldi dflde 4 p h a n , ngfldi t h u e Ifldi
dflde 6 p h a n . H i n h thflc bdc lot thfl 3 la dia
chu cho ngfl d a n vay tien m u a Ifldi d a n h
ca vdi lai s u a l cao. Ngoai ra, ngfl dan cdn
])hai b a n ca tfldi cho dia chii. Dia chu
trong khi m u a , da dflng nhflng t h u dgan
gian lan de a n c h a n ca ciia ngfl dan. Hdn
nfla, dia chu cdn t i m mgi each de ep gia
hdng t h u cang n h i e u ldi n h u a n cang tdi.
Nhieu ngfl d a n vi mfldn tien cua dia chu
vdi lai s u a l cao m a t a n gia, bai san, trd
t h a n h ngfldi l a m cdng cho dia chii.

Trfldc each m a n g (1949), do khdng du

tien m u a t h u y e n d a n h ca, nhflng ngfl dan
ngheo p h a i bfln vd'n, m u a ngfl cu de di
bien. Theo t r u y e n thdng, cfl vai chtic hd

hgp lai t h a n h mdt ddi, cd mdt ngfldi "Ifldi
dau" chi huy. Lfldi d a u p h a i la ngfldi lac

</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(3)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=3>

<i>Nguyen Duy Binh - Vc mi>l sd hogt dc)ng kinh le ciia ngudi Kinh </i> <i><b>IS </b></i>

sfle khde cfldng t r a n g va dflde mgi ngfldi
tin nhiem. De td chflc cdng viec, ngfldi lfldi
ddu cd trach n h i e m t u y e n chgn n h a n cdng,
td chflc va p h a n cdng lao ddrf^, chi dinh
ngifdi gifl Ifldi, tien h a n h cac nghi le lien
quan den cac tin ngfldng ciia nghe bien.
Khi gap lflc bien ddng, sdng to, t h u y e n
true trac...mgi ngfldi n h a t nha't phai t u a n
theo lenh chi huy cua ngfldi Ifldi dau. Khi
chia san p h a m , mgi ngfldi deu dUdc n h a n
phan chia b a n g n h a u , khdng ke ai la lUdi
dinh hay ludi ddu. Neu gia dinh cua mdt
thanh vien trong td d a n h ca gap khd k h a n
thi mgi ngUdi deu tfl nguyen giflp dd, neu
ai mud'n rflt khdi td thi cflng dflde tfl do
rut vd'n de chuyen ddi cd cau n g a n h nghe
ma khdng he cd sU r a n g huge nao'''*.

<b>2. N g h e n o n g n g h i e p </b>

Ndng nghiep trfldc 1949 chi la nghe
kiem nhiem ciia ngfl d a n lflc ngfl trfldng
khong t h u a n ldi trong mfla ddng bao.

Theo nhflng ngiidi ldn tudi, nghe ndng
mdi xual hien d day chi k h o a n g 5 ddi.
Nong cu p h a n ldn ddng bao phai mua cua
ngfldi Han, ve sau ba con cflng tfl lam
dugc mgt so Igai md phdng theo kieu cua
ngUdi Han. Dat ndng nghiep d day cd 3

Igai : rudng nUdc, rudng khd va rudng bac
thang. Lgai dat r u d n g bac t h a n g va rudng

kho cd dien tich nhieu n h a t . Day la loai
rudng tren d a t cat pha, n e n ndng p h a m
thu dUdc r a t tha'p va ddng bao canh tac
theo phfldng thflc q u a n g canh la chfnh,
hoa mau ft dUde bdn p h a n vi ngUdi Kinh
khong cd t a p q u a n sif dting p h a n hflu cd.
Nflde dflng t r e n g sinh b o a t n h a t la trong
trdng trgt deu trdng vao lUdng mUa h a n g
nam. San lUdng cua Igai hinh ndng nghiep

nay chi dat k h o a n g 750kg/ha. LUdng thUc
t h u hgach dUde chi dfl nudi sd'ng cac hd gia
dinh tfl 4 de'n 5 t h a n g . Thdi gian cdn lai,
dong bao phai dflng san p h a m t h u y hai
san de ddi la'y Ifldng thflc cfla ngfldi Han.

<b>3. N g h e l a m m u o i </b>

Cong viec lam mudi cua ddng bao gdm
hai cdng dgan : phdi mudi va na'u mudi.
Theo ldi t r u y e n k h a u , nghe lam mudi cua
ngfldi Kinh x u a l hien d day tfl nhflng nam
1930-1940. Dao Vu Dau p h a t t n e n nghe
mudi sdm n h a l va ky t h u a t lam mudi cua
ngfldi Kinh va ngUdi H a n hdu nhU gid'ng

n h a u gdm cac quy t r i n h dan nUde bien vao

rudng, phdi khd de tao t h a n h mudi hat.
Nghe nay p h a t trien n h a n h sau khi nifdc
Cong hda N h a n dan T r u n g Hoa difdc
t h a n h lap. Theo truyen thd'ng, ddng bao
thudng tien h a n h lam mud! vao mfla ddng
la lflc ma do m a n cua nflde bien cao nhal,
them vao dd tiet trdi lai n a n g rao nen siin
Ifldng mudi thfldng la 100kg nflde bien thu
dflde 20 kg mudi hat. d Dam Cat, thu n h a p
tfl nghe mudi chiem 30 % tdng thu nhap
cua bg gia dinh.

Theo nhflng ngfldi ldn tudi, nghe lam
mudi xua't hien d vflng Kinh Dad tfl nhflng
t h a p m e n 30-40 cua the ki XX. Ky t h u a t

lam muoi cua ngfldi Kinh d T r u n g Qud'c ve
cd b a n gid'ng vdi ky t h u a t lam mudi cua

nhflng diem dan ngfldi Han. Ddi vdi ngfldi
Kinh, de lam ra h a t mudi cd ddng bao cd
hai each : phdi mudi va n a u mudi.

<b>4. N g h e l a m m a m </b>

Nhdc tdi ngfldi Kinh d Kinh Dao khdng

</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(4)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=4>

76 <i>Nghien cim Dong Nam A 6/2009 </i>

cua dong bao. M a m la mdt mdn a n t r u y e n

thd'ng k h d n g t h e t h i e u t r o n g m a m cdm
cua ngfldi Kinh d T r u n g Qud'c. M a m gan
lien vdi van hda dm thflc, p h o n g tuc,
t r u y e n thd'ng, t a p q u a n s m h b o a t cua
khdng chi ngUdi Kinh d T r u n g Qud'c ma
cdn d Viet N a m . Vi t h e , d Kinh Dao, n h a
n h a ngUdi Kinh deu fldp ca, l a m m a m de
sfl d u n g h a n g ngay, cho nhflng ngay le
hgi. M a m trd t h a n h mdt m a t h a n g ddc dao
khdng chi diidc fla chudng d T r u n g Hoa
luc dia ma cdn x u a l k h a u r a thi trfldng
the gidi.

Thdi gian ddng bao t a p t r u n g lam nflde
m a m tfl t h a n g 3 den t h a n g 5 vi day la
mfla ca bdi vao bd de s m h sdn, de trflng
nen r a t t h u a n ldi cho viec d a n h bat. Khi
sdn Ifldng ca d a n h b a t dflcic n h i e u tflc la
ngudn n g u y e n lieu lam m a m cang p h e n g
phfl, ddi dao va ddng bao cd t h e Ifla chgn

nhflng con ca ngon n h a l de lam m a m .

Quy t r i n h s a n x u a l niidc m a m cua
ngfldi Kinh b a t d a u b a n g viec chgn lgc ca.
Day la mdt k h a u k h a q u a n trgng, lien
q u a n den chti't liidng cua nUdc m a m .
Nhflng con ca dflde Ifla chgn p h a i la
nhflng con ca cdn tfldi nguyen, khdng hi
<i>n a t xfldng, khdng cd mfli'%), ndng, khdng </i>

dgc hai. Ca s a u khi dflde chgn lgc cdn phai
du'dc rifa sach, rdi d e m xep vao thflng theo
thfl tfl : cfl mdt ldp ca lai rac mgt ldp mudi
theo tl le 3 ca/ 1 mudi. Khi ca da dflde .xep
day thflng thi rac t h e m met ldp mudi t r e n
m a t de ehd'ng rudi. S a u dd ngfldi ta lay vi
d a t len m a t thflng ca, nen cho chat rdi day
ndp thflng cho t h a t kin, khdng de khdng
khi Igt vao trong thflng. Gdn dfldi day
thflng cd khdet mdt cai Id, d a t vao dd mdt
d'ng tre nhd de ddn nude mdm chay ra.

S a u vai t h a n g , ca t r o n g thflng tfl tfl n g a u ,
t a n ra, tao t h a n h mdt thfl nflde cd m a u
cam, s a n h nhfl m a t ong, mfli hfldng ndng
n a n , r a t dac trflng, dd la nflde m a m . De
lay nflde m a m tfl t r o n g thflng r a cdn md
vdi d day thflng, l a p tflc nflde m a m se chay
theo d'ng t r e . Nflde rriam la'y l a n d a u tien
ggi ngfldi Kinh ggi la m a m cdt hoac m a m
nhi, lgai m a m n a y cd do d a m cao, khoang
hdn 35% va cd mui t h d m r a t dac trflng.
Lgai m a m n a y dflde ba con dflng lam nflde
cha'm trong bfla cdm h a n g ngay. Sau khi
lay m a m cdt, cd t h e t a n d u n g tiep sd' san
p h d m ca cdn lai t r o n g thflng b a n g each
cho t h e m nflde d u n sdi hda vdi mudi, de
ngudi rdi dd vao thflng ca theo ti le 3 lit
nfldc/l b a t mudi, S a u k h d a n g 2,3 t h a n g
s a u cd the tiep tuc lay nflde m a m lan hai

de sfl d u n g . Lgai m a m n a y ddng bao
t h u d n g sU d u n g t r o n g viec n a u nUdng. Cd
the t a n dting Iflcing ca cdn lai trong thflng
tdi ldn thfl 3,4 tfly thudc vao so' Iflcing ca
n h i e u hay it. Tuy nhien, cang ve s a u nUdc

m a m cang k e m c h a t lUdng, do dd ddng bao
t h u d n g dflng nhflng s a n p h a m cdn lai lam
thflc an cho gia sfle h a y l a m p h a n bdn
rudng.

Nflde m a m ctia ngfldi Kinh d Kinh Dao
ngoai viec p h u c vu n h u cau tieu dflng cua
cdng ddng cdn dflcic b a n t r o n g thi trfldng
dai luc T r u n g Qud'c, xua't k h a u ra nUdc
ngdai, dUde k h a c h h a n g r a t Ua chudng.

<b>5. N g h e t r o n g d a u , n u o i t a m , d e t l u a </b>

</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(5)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=5>

<i>Nguyen Duy Binh - Ve mdi sd hoai dc'mg kinh te cita ngifdi Kinh... </i> <i><b>11 </b></i>

hinh anh cua ngfldi p h u nfl.

Cd 4 loai td t a m . LOCTI td tdm dau chiem
95% san Iflcing, ngoai ra cdn 3 loai khac la
td tam t h a u d a u la s a n , td t a m tac, td tdm
sdi. Tam d a u la loai cdn trflng bien thai
hoan loan, vdng ddi t r a i qua bd'n giai doan
phat due khac n h a u ; trflng, t a m , ngdng,
ngai, mdi giai doan deu cd y nghia quan

trgng trong qua t r i n h s m h trfldng. phat
t n e n cfla t a m . De nudi t a m can thiet phai
CO nguon thflc an ddi dao va cay dau la
thflc an dem lai san p h a m td tdi n h a t .

Cay dau t a m la cay de trdng, cd the
sinh trfldng va p h a t trien toi ca d vflng dat
kho can va khi h a u khac nghiet. Cay dau
fla khi h a u miit me va r a i khde nen cd the
mdc nhieu vflng vdi ciic loai khi h a u khac
nhau. d Kinh Dao, khi h a u ndi day on hda,
bd'n mfla trong n a m khdng cd sfl chenh
lech qua ldn nen cay dau cd dflde mdi
trfldng t h u a n ldi de sinh trfldng. Ben canh
dd, life Iflcing lao dgng cd thdi gian n h a n
roi chu yen la ])hu nit. Nhflng yeu td tren
cang thflc day ngiidi Kinh p h a t trien nghe
trdng dau, nuoi t a m .

Muc dich cua trdng dau nudi t a m la tao
ra khdi Iflcing td lua phuc vu cho n h u cau
may qudn ao, tfli vai... cho cdng ddng,
phdn thfla mdi dem ban, trao ddi ra thj

trfldng. d vflng Kinh Diio, ddng bao cdn
hgc dflde nhieu kinh nghiem trdng dau,
nuoi tam, del viii tfl ngfldi Han. Tuy
nhien, nghe trdng dau nudi t a m khdng
chiem vi trf q u a n trgng trong cd cau kinh
te cua ddng bao, nen dien tfch d a i dai cho

trdng dau khdng nhieu vi phdn ldn dien
tfch dai canh lac d a n h cho trdng cay ludng
tbuc nluf lua, khoiii... cac loai cay an quii
khiic. San lifdng Id lua cfla ngu'di Kinh d

Kinh Dao chi du lam ra nhflng mat h a n g
thiet yeu cua cdng ddng, mac trong nhflng
di]) le, hdi.

6. N g h e d o t v o so

Nghe doi vd sd cd lich sfl hdn 100 nam
va phd bien n h a l d vflng Kinh Dao. Muc
dfch cua nghe nay la lam ra mdt lgai vat
heu xay dflng thay the cho vdi. xi mang
dflng cho xay dUng n h a cfla va cac cdng
trinh cdng cdng khac. Day la mgt nghe r a i
dac biet, chi co d vflng cua ngfldi Kinh d
Kinh Dao.

Qua ten ggi cfla nghe cd the biet nguyen
lieu chinh cua nghe nay lay lfl vd nhuyen
the n h u vd sd, vd trai. vd ngao... Ngudn
nguyen lieu nay rat phong phfl d vflng
Kmh Dao, ndi vflng bicn vdn cd nhieu lgai
thfly hai san, va nhflng lgai nhuyen the dd
danh bat, khai thac nil de dang, khdng ddi
hdi nhieu cdng sfle, vdn, thdi gian. Mgt
nguyi'ii n h a n nfla khien ddng bao Kinb sfl
dung lgai viit lieu nay vi vflng Kmh Dao

du'dc hinh t h a n h lfl sfl bdi da]i cfla cac con
cat, ket cau dia chai khdng cd da vdi ma
chu yeu la cat va dai m a n g tinh kiem cao,
nen ddng bao dflng siin p h a m tfl vc)
nhuyen the lam vat lieu xay dflng la dieu
de hieu. Vd cfla trai, d'c, sd...sau khi sif
dung, du'dc tiin dung lai bang each ddt len
t h a n h tro, mgt thfl bgt m a u trang, dflde sif
dung thay cho vdi, xi mang, lgai vat lieu
xay dung de lam nha. Ngoai ra, dong bao
cdn dflng cac lgai san p h a m tfl vd nhuyen
the lam p h a n bdn rudng.

</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(6)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=6>

7 8 <i>Nghien cim Ddng Nam A 6/2009 </i>

n h i e t do. Trfldc k h i doi, ddng bao p h a i xep
cui khd d p h i a dfldi hd', s a u dd cho vd sd, vd
t r a i va cac lgai n h u y e n t h e k h a c vao. Bfldc
tiep theo la p h a t hda doi Id, n u n g . Khi ddi
vd sd, dong bao cd k i n h n g h i e m gifl lifa

deu, duy tri n h i e t do on d i n h de vd sd cd
the ha'p t h u n h i e t do tdi va vd r a deu. S a u
mgt thdi gian n u n g nha't dinh, vd cac lgai
n h u y d n the bien t h a n h mdt lgai bdt t r a n g
cd do ket dinh cao, cd the t h a y the cho vdi,
xi m a n g . Lgai vdi n a y p h a n ldn dflde dflng
de xay dflng cac cdng t r i n h n h a cita cita
ngfldi Kinh d Kinh Dao''"'*.

Ngoai cac n g h e t h u cdng t r e n , ba con d
day cdn l a m cac n g h e mdc, d a n lat, ddng
gifldng, til, l a m thflng gd ...phuc vu che
n h u cdu cudc sd'ng h a n g ngay. Nhflng
nghe nay cd quy md nhd le, m a n g tfnh ca
the, chu yeu dflde lam d tflng hd gia dinh.
Vflng Kinh Dao cd nhflng dai rflng phdng
hg va nhflng k h u rflng tfl n h i e n vdi lfldng
gd k h a ldn, tao dieu kien de n g h e mdc cua
ddng bao p h a t trien. Khdng phai n g a u
nhien ngay khi d a t c h a n len nhflng hdn
dao d day, td tien ngfldi Kinh da tha'y tiem
n a n g lam n g h i e p cua vflng. Nghe mdc,
nghe thii cdng k h a c cua ddng bao da h i n h
t h a n h va p h a t t r i e n t r e n cd sd nhflng dieu
kien nhfl vay.

<b>7, N g h e b u o n b a n </b>

Ngfldi Kinh de'n vflng Kinh Dao sd'ng

b a n g n g h e d a n h b a t ca, l a m m a m , mudi
la chu yeu va nhflng n g h e n a y k h d n g t h e
dap flng dflde ta't ca nhflng n h u cdu

thfldng n h a t cua cdng ddng. Do dd, de d a p
flng n h u cau ve h a n g hda, ta't yeu se nay

s m h qua t r i n h giao Iflu, t r a o ddi, b u d n
b a n gifla ngfldi Kinh vdi n h a u , gifla ngfldi

Kinh vdi ngfldi H a n va cac d a n tdc k h a c d
T r u n g Qud'c.

Ben c a n h t r a o ddi, b u d n b a n vdi ngfldi
H a n d T r u n g Hoa luc dia, ngfldi Kinh cdn
dem nhflng s a n p h d m cua m i n h sang
budn b a n t r a o ddi d H a Long, Hai Phdng,
H a Ndi... cua Viet N a m . N g a y nay, boat
ddng b u d n b a n cita ngfldi Kinh d Kinh Dao
r a t nao nhiet. Vdi vi trf dia ly t h u a n ldi la
mgt t r o n g nhflng t h a n h phd' vflng bien
gidi Ddng Hflng, K i n h Dao cd mdt tiem
n a n g m a n h de day m a n h b o a t ddng budn
b a n , l a m dich vu. Nhflng n a m 80 cua the
kl XX da chflng kien sfl p h a t t r i e n m a n h
me cita b o a t ddng thfldng m a i va nghe nay
da lam t h a y ddi bo m a t k i n h te cita vflng
Kinh Dao.

<b>8. H o a t d o n g d u l i c h , d i c h v u </b>

Hoat ddng du lich, dich vu la nhflng
n g a n h n g h e mdi xua't hien trong cd cau

k i n h te cua ngfldi K i n h d Kinh Dad nhflng
da n h a n h chdng gifl mdt vi trf q u a n trgng
trong b o a t ddng k i n h te cua ddng bao
trong nhflng n a m cudi t h e ki XX, ddu the
kl XXI, khi T r u n g Qud'c thtic hien chfnh

sach cai each va md cifa./.

<b>C H U T H I C H </b>

<i>1. Nguyin Thi Phfldng Cham (2006), Nghi li </i>
<i>hon nhdn cda ngUdi Kinh d ldng Vgn Vi, </i>
<i>Giang Binh, Dong HUng, Qudng Tdy, </i>
<i>Trung Quo'c, Nxb Van hoa Thong tin. </i>

<i>2. China' Minority Nationalities, (1994), </i>
Foreign language Press Beijing.

</div>

<!--links-->