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SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TP.HCM

TRƯỜNG THPT NGUYỄN DU

TỔ TIẾNG ANH

ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP

TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG QUỐC GIA

NĂM 2020

Full name: _________________

Class: __________

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TRƯỜNG THPT NGUYỄN DU

TỔ TIẾNG ANH

KẾ HOẠCH VÀ NỘI DUNG ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPTQG

Năm học: 2019 - 2020

Thời gian: Từ ngày 20/4

Tuần

(từ …đến…)

Nội dung

Nội dung và Bài tập

Số tiết

dự kiến

Ghi chú

Tuần 1

(20/4 – 26/4)

Phonetics

- Common SOUNDS: s/ed/u/i/ou…

- STRESS with 2 and 3 more syllable

words

- Tag question

1 Online

Tuần 2

(27/ 4 – 3/5)

Grammar

- Tenses

2 Online

Tuần 3

(4/ 5 – 10/5)

- Passive

2 Dự trù

Online

Tuần 4

(11/5 – 17/5)

- If/ would rather/ as if/ wish

2 Dự trù

Online

Tuần 5

(18/5 – 24/5)

- Reported Speech

2 Dự trù

Online

Tuần 6

(25/5 – 31/5)

- Verb forms

2 Dự trù

Online

Tuần 7

(1/6 – 7/6)

- Review 1

- Relative clauses + Reduce

- Modals

Tuần 8

(8/6 – 14/6)

- Review 2

- Comparisons

- Conjunctions

Tuần 9

(15/6 – 21/6)

- Review 3

- The participles

- Prepositions

- Culture Tips (Speaking)

Tuần 10

(22/6 – 28/6)

Vocabulary

- Phrasal verbs

- Word form

- Word Collocations/ Word choice

- Synonyms

- Antonyms

Tuần 11

(29/6 – 5/7)

Reading

- Review 4

- Reading skills and Reading question

types

Tuần 12

(6/7 – 12/7)

Mock Tests

Mock Tests and Test Corrections

Tuần 13

(13/7 – 19/7)

Mock Tests and Test Corrections

Tuần 14

(20/7 – 26/7)

Mock Tests and Test Corrections

Tuần 15

(27/7 – 2/8)

Mock Tests and Test Corrections

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PHONETICS

I. SOUNDS:

1. a. cooks b. loves c. joins d. spends

2. a. advises b. raises c. devises d. goes
3. a. teacher b. children c. chore d. school

4. a. hurry b. under c. pressure d. rush

5. a. brothers b. weekends c. problems d. secrets

6. a. clothes b. cloths c. roofs d. books

7. a. concerned b. raised c. developed d. maintained
8. a. appeared b. agreed c. coughed d. loved
9. a. sacrificed b. trusted c. recorded d. acted
10. a. laughed b. weighed c. helped d. missed

11. a. final b. achieve c. high d. decide

12. a. average b. indicate c. application d. grade
13. a. specialize b. variety c. particular d. wide
14. a. compound b. course c. around d. hour

15. a. follow b. show c. allow d. slow

16. a. grown b. own c. known d. down

17. a. grasses b. stretches c. comprises d. potatoes

18. a. lie b. wide c. circle d. comprise

19. a. attitude b. survive c. introduce d. human
20. a. chemical b. priority c. crisis d. primary
II. STRESS

1. a. hospital b. mischievous c. supportive d. special
2. a. biologist b. generally c. responsible d. security
3. a. confident b. important c. together d. exciting
4. a. possible b. university c. secondary d. suitable
5. a. attract b. person c. signal d. instance

6. a. verbal b. suppose c. even d. either

7. a. example b. consider c. several d. attention
8. a. situation b. appropriate c. informality d. entertainment

9. a. noisy b. party c. social d. polite

10. a. restaurant b. assistance c. usually d. compliment
11. a. impolite b. exciting c. attention d. attracting
12. a. mechanic b. chemistry c. cinema d. finally
13. a. typical b. favorite c. division d. organize
14. a. disappearance b. vulnerable c. conservation d. generation

15. a. current b. global c. crisis d. mankind

16. a. extinction b. animal c. classify d. primary
17. a. biologist b. seriously c. commercial d. identify
18. a. habitat b. different c. industry d. introduce
19. a. medicine b. endanger c. addition d. survival

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Tag questions (Câu hỏi đuôi)

Câu hỏi đuôi là câu hỏi ngắn thường được thêm vào ở cuối câu. Nó được dùng để kiểm chứng
lại lời nói trước đó.

Ex: You can speak French, can’t you?
➢Cách thành lập câu hỏi đuôi:

- Nếu mệnh đề chính ở thể phủ định thì câu hỏi đuôi ở thể khẳng định và ngược lại.
Ex: He doesn’t buy a poor house, does he?

You are thirsty, aren’t you ?

- Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính là động từ thường thì động từ này sẽ được thay thế
bằng trợ động từ (do/does hoăc did).

Ex: She sells her motorbike, doesn’t she?

We had breakfast in that restaurant, didn’t we?

- Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính là động từ đặc biệt thì động từ đặc biệt này sẽ được
lặp lại trong câu hỏi đuôi.

Ex: They can’t swim very fast, can they?

- Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính là trợ động từ (be, have, did,…) thì trợ động từ này sẽ
được lặp lại trong câu hỏi đuôi.

Ex: He is an honest person, isn’t he ?

She didn’t go to school yesterday, did she?
They have been to Japan, haven’t they ?

- Nếu chủ từ trong mệnh đề chính là một danh từ chung hay danh từ riêng thì trong câu

hỏi đi danh từ đó phải được thay thế bằng một nhân xưng đại từ tương ứng.

Ex: Your daughter is a university student, isn’t she?
His son studied abroad, didn’t he?

Tom looks very handsome, doesn’t he?

You and I met the teacher yesterday, didn’t we?
Children shouldn’t have too many sweets, should they?
➢Một số dạng đặc biệt:

- Trong lối nói thơng thường, câu hỏi đi của I am … là aren’t I? Còn trong tiếng Anh
trang trọng là am I not ?

Ex: I am your friend, am I not (aren’t I?)

- Nếu chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề chính là chủ ngữ giả there hay it thì chủ ngữ đó sẽ được lặp 
lại trong câu hỏi đuôi.

Ex: There are two books on the table, aren’t there ?
It’s terrible day, isn’t it?

- Nếu chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề chính là no + danh từ, nothing, everything, this, that… 
thì chủ ngữ của câu hỏi đi là it.

Ex: No sugar isn’t added, is it?
This is your hat, isn’t it?
Everything is Ok, isn’t it?
- Sau Let’s… là shall we?

Ex: Let’s sing together, shall we?
- Sau câu mệnh đề, sai khiến:

Ex: Come and see me tomorrow, will you?
Lưu ý:

1. Nếu câu có “wish” thì phải dùng “may I?” 
2. Nếu câu có “must”:

a. Câu mang ý nghĩa bắt buộc, cấm đoán:

His daughter mustn’t go out after 22 o’clock, must she? 
b. Câu mang ý nghĩa cần thiết:

We must have more time to relax after these exams, needn’t we?

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I think it will rain tomorrow, won’t it?

Exercise: Add question tags to the following statements.

11. Let’s go out for dinner tonight, _____________________________________________ ?
12. That isn’t Bill driving, ______________________________________________________ ?
13. Nothing went wrong, ______________________________________________________ ?
14. There used to be trees here, ________________________________________________ ?
15. This won’t take long, ______________________________________________________ ?
16. Don’t touch that button, ____________________________________________________ ?
17. I’m too late, ______________________________________________________________ ?
18. Not a very good film, ______________________________________________________ ?
19. Somebody wanted a drink, _________________________________________________ ?
20. I think you’ve seen this one before, ___________________________________________ ?

21. Nobody understands what the stranger man has said, _______?

A. don’t they

B. does he

C. do they

D. doesn’t he

22. There has been a great increase in retail sales, ______?

A. hasn't there

B. isn't there

C. isn't it

D. doesn't

it

23. People don't like the way he shows off, ______?

A. does he

B. do they

C. don't they

D. doesn't

he

24. She had to do the shopping for her neighbor, _________?

A. didn’t she

B. does she

C. hadn’t she

D. isn’t

she

25. “Buy me a newspaper on your way back, _______?”

A. will you

B. don't you

C. can't you

D. do you

26. A fence needs the support of three stakes, _______?

A. needn’t it

B. doesn’t it

C. don’t they

D. does

it

27. Nobody died in the accident, ________?

A. didn’t he

B. did they

C. were they

D. do

they

28. Her parents rarely let her stay out late, ______?

A. do they

B. don't they

C. does she

D. doesn't she

29. Michael rarely returns to his hometown, ______?

A. hasn't he

B. does he

C. has he

D. doesn't he

30. Sue rarely misses a chance to do voluntary work, ______?

A. doesn't she

B. does she

C. is she

D. isn't she

31. Mary rarely uses social networks, ______?

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TENSES

I. Lý thuyết: (Xem ở cuối đề cương)

II. Bài tập:

1. Yesterday while I (to read) in my study, Tom (to come) in and (to ask) me to lend him a
dictionary. “I (to prepare) tomorrow’s English lesson,” he (to say), “and I find several words
that I (not to know)”.

2. “On Saturday there is no class. So I probably (to go) for a walk tomorrow and I (to be) back at
eleven-thirty for lunch” – “Don’t come back so early, dear. I still (to cook) the meal”.

3. I (to e) very busy recently. Last week I (to be) at the office every evening until seven o’clock
and this week extra work (to keep) me there until seven-thirty every evening.

4. “Why are you so late ? I (to wait) here more than an hour”. – “Sorry, but just as I (to get)
ready to start, a friend (to call) and (to stay) a long time. I (to come) as soon as e (to leave)”.
5. He told his wife that he (to be) back about six o’clock and (to ask) her to have dinner ready
about seven o’clock. He said that he (to bring) three friends back with him, so he (to want) her
to prepare a specially good meal.

6. This morning when I (to get) to the station, I (to learn) that the train I had expected to get (to
leave) ten minutes before. The station-master (to tell) me that the time-tables (to be) altered
the previous week.

7. Your train (to leave) at seven o’clock. Why you (to sit) here doing nothing as though you (to
have) plenty of time? You (to pack) your bag yet ? I (to order) a taxi to come at half-past ten
and it (to be) nearly ten o’clock now.

8. That man (to teach) in this school since 1985. Before he (to come) here, he (to live) in Hue.
Now he (to live) in the suburbs and (to come) to school every day on his bicycle.

Question 1. The boat was sailing north when a terrible storm ______ .

A. had broken

B. broke

C. would break

D. was breaking

Question 2. As soon as my mother _______ home, it began to rain.

A. had arrived

B. arrives

C. has arrived

D. arrived

Question 3. When he _______ tomorrow morning, he will tell us about the match.

A. will arrive

B. arrives

C. will be arriving

D. has arrived

Question 4. Scarcely ______ her song when the audience started to cheer.

A. had the singer finished

B. has the singer finished

C. the singer has finished

D. the singer finished

Question 5: Only after he _____ the job as a computer programmer did he realise how much he

loved it.

A. has left

B. had left

C. was leaving

D. would leave

Question 6. Since I moved in, my upstairs neighbors _______ their stereo loudly every night.

A. had played

B. have played

C. played

D. play

Question 7. When my parents ______ for a visit tomorrow, they will see our new baby.

A. will arrive

B. arrived

C. will have arrived

D. arrive

Question 8. When Sarah saw the snake, she _________.

A. was screaming

B. had screamed

C. screamed

D. screams

Question 9. As soon as Martina saw the fire, she ________ the fire department.

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Question 10. Since the computer_________it has made considerable changes to our daily life.

A. has invented

B. is invented

C. was invented

D.

invented

Question 11. The film________for half an hour when I got to the cinema.

A. had been shown

B. has shown

C. was shown

D. had shown

Question 12: Only after the teacher ______ the procedure clearly were the students allowed to

go ahead with the experiment.

A. would explain

B. had explained

C. was explaining

D. has explained

Question 13. The statue broke while it ________to another room in the museum.

A. was being moved

B. moved

C. was moved

D. had been

moved

Question 14. When I found my purse, someone________the money out of it.

A. took

B. had taken

C. was taking

D. has taken

Question 15. George _________a shower when suddenly someone knocked at the door.

A. had had

B. was having

C. had

D. is having

Question 16. No sooner ________than things went wrong.

A. had she arrived

B. he has arrived

C. he had arrived

D. did he arrive

Question 17. No sooner_______the office than the telephone rang.

A. was he leaving

B. had he left

C. has he left

D. he had left

Question 18. He will finish his work before you_______here tomorrow.

A. leave

B. will leave

C. would leave

D. are leaving

Question 19: Only after she ______ from a severe illness did she realise the importance of good

health.

A. would recover

B. has recovered

C. had recovered

D. was

recovering

Question 20: Only after the bus ______ for a few miles did Jane realise she was on the wrong

route.

A. was running

B. had run

C. has run

D. runs

THE PASSIVE VOICE

I. Look at these sentences:

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(1) (2) (3) (4)
II. Remember these things:

1. The Active object becomes the Passive subject.
2. The Passive verb is a form of BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

3. The Active subject becomes BY + AGENT (Noun / Object Pronoun)
The main thing is to use the correct form of BE:

a) The Active verb is ONE word:

AM / IS / ARE (Simple Present)
WAS / WERE (Simple Past)
1- Mr. Green teaches history

History is taught by Mr. Green
2- The manager sacked ten workers.

Ten workers were sacked by the manager.

b) The Active verb is TWO or MORE THAN TWO WORDS

The same form as the active verb
In agreement with its subject

3- John will deliver the letter.

The letter will be delivered by John.
4- The fire has destroyed many houses.

Many houses have been destroyed by the fire.
5- The police are questioning Tom.

Tom is being questioned by the police.
6- The enemy used to attack the bay.

The bay used to be attacked by the enemy.
7- The engineers are going to build the bridge.
The bridge is going to be built by the engineers.

4. The position of adverbs and preposition phrases in the passive sentences:
a) Adverbs of place stand before BY + AGENT

8- His children are carrying the chairs into the house.

The chairs are being carried into the house by his children.
b) Adverbs of time stand after BY + AGENT

9- Dr. Blake will read this report at the conference at 2 P.M.
This report will be read at the conference by Dr. Blake at 2 P.M.
c) Adverbs of manner usually stand between BE and the Past participle.

10- The boss has treated them badly.

They have been badly treated by the boss.

11- The clerk did not check these numbers carefully yesterday.
These numbers were not carefully checked by the clerk yesterday.

5. BY + AGENT (by me / you / him / her / them / us / people / someone, etc.) is generally
omited from the Passive sentence.

12- People speak English all over the world.
English is spoken all over the world (by people)
13- They must have stolen your bicycle.

Your bicycle must have been stolen (by them)

BE

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NOTES:

1. If there are TWO OBJECTS in the Active sentence, either of them may become the subject
in the Passive sentence.

14- They told me the truth.
-> I was told the truth.

-> The truth was told (to) me.

- 15- They may give you the result soon.
-> You may be given the result soon.
-> The result may be given (to) you soon.

2. In the pattern Subject + Verb + Object + Infinitive without to with Verbs of perception
like SEE, HEAR, WATCH, NOTICE, etc,… and the verbs MAKE and KNOW, the Infinitive
without TO becomes the Infinitive with TO.

16- I never hear him shout at his children
He is never heard to shout at his children.
- 17- They made me do it.

I was made to do it

- 18- I have never known that man lie before.
That man has never been known to lie before.

3. Prepositions that are closely connected with certain verbs and Adverbial particles that
belong to two-word verbs are not omitted from the Passive sentence.

19- They prevented her from taking the medicine.
She was prevented from taking the medicine.
- 20- The nurse will look after the babies.

The babies will be looked after by the nurse.

4. TWO common passive constructions with verbs expressing opinions and rumours like SAY,
REPORT, THINK, ASSUME, BELIEVE, RUMOUR, etc.

a) Subject + BE + Past Participle + Infinitive with TO
b) It + BE + Past Participle + THAT – clause

Examples:

21- People say that prevention is better than cure.
a) Prevention is said to be better than cure.
b) It is said that prevention is better than cure.
22- Everybody believed that he had died in battle.
a) He was believed to have died in battle.

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Practice:

1) English __________ in many countries in Africa.

A. speaks B. is speaking C. is spoken D. has spoken
2) A new bridge over the river ______________at present.

A. constructed B. is constructed C. is constructing D. is being constructed
3) They are going to demolish those slums for the street __________

A. to widen B. widening C. to be widened D. being widened
4) The school boy _________________ in the accident.

A. seriously injured B. seriously was injured
C. was seriously injured D. to be injured seriously
5) The house really needs ________________

A. for repainted B. to be repainting
C. being repainted D. repainting
6) Nothing _______________ about it

A.can do B. can be done C. can’t be done D. be able to do
7) ________________ that the earth is round

A. It is believed B. the belief
C. People are believedD. There is believed

8) Five people ______________ injured in the traffic accident.
A. reported to be B. are reporting
C. are to be reported D. are reported to be
9) I will have my brother _______________ the motor – bike for me.

A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. repaired
10) She was made ______________ over the passport.

A. hand B. to hand C. handing D. handed

11) The burglar is thinking to have broken in through the bathroom window.
A B C D

12) Customers are requested not smoke in this section of the restaurant.
A B C D
13) It is reported that all the crew and passengers killed in the air crash.

A B C D

14) I remember taking to the zoo by may father on Sundays and other holidays.
A B C D

15) Whom broke that valuable vase of his in the last party?
A B C D

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THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

A conditional sentence often has a main clause and a subordinate clause (if-clause). The
subordinate clause may be placed before or after the main clause.

There are three main types of conditional sentences:
Tense

Condition If-clause Main clause

PROBABLE Simple present Simple Future
PRESENT-UNREAL Past Subjunctive Present Conditional
PAST-UNREAL Past Perfect

Subjunctive Perfect Conditional
I. PROBABLE CONDITIONS

* These conditions may be easily fulfilled in the present of future time.
- If I have time, I shall visit you

- You will be late for class if you do not hurry.
NOTES:

a) Instead of the Simple Future, we can use CAN / MAY / MUST + VERB (without TO) or
the Imperative in the main clause.

1- If you try hard, you can pass the examination.

2- If anyone asks for me, tell him to call back in half an hour.

b) The Simple Present may be used in the main clause to show a real condition.

3- If you are right, I am wrong.

II. PRESENT – UNREAL CONDITIONS

* These conditions are contrary-to-fact in the present or future time.

* The Past Subjunctive is formed exactly like the Simple Past, except BE (which is WERE
with all persons)

* The Present Conditional is SHOULD / WOULD / COULD / MIGHT / MUST + VERB
(without TO)

4- If I were you, I should help him.

5- She would speak English better if she had more practice.

NOTES: Instead of Past Subjunctive, WERE TO or SHOULD + VERB (without TO) may be
used in the If-clause to emphasize the feeling of doubt.

6- If she were to (If she should) see you here, she would be very surprised.
III. PAST – UNREAL CONDITIONS

* These conditions are contrary-to-fact in the past.

* The Past Perfect Subjunctive is formed exactly like the Past Perfect.

* The Perfect Conditional (or Modal Perfect) is SHOULD / WOULD / COULD / MIGHT /
MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE.

7- If I had known she was sick, I should have visited her.

8- He would have been angry if you had not told him the truth.

NOTES: The Past Perfect Subjunctive in the In-clause may be replaced by COULD HAVE +
PAST PARTICIPLE.

9- If he could have seen you, he would have explained our plan.

GENERAL NOTES ON THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

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10- Did she have more practice, she would speak.
English better. (If she had more practice,…)

11- Were she to (Should she) see you, she would be very surprised. (If she...)
12- Had I known she was sick, I should have visited her.

b) UNLESS: IF … NOT (Nếu không)

13- These plants will die unless you water them regularly.
(These plants will die if you do not water them regularly)
14- Unless your health improved, you would have to stay in bed.
(If you health did not improve, you would have to stay in bed.

c) * PROVIDED (THAT), ON CONDITION (THAT), AS LONG AS, SO LONG AS: miễn là, với
điều kiện là:

* SUPPOSE, SUPPOSING : giả sử như

* IN CASE : nhỡ mà, trong trường hợp, nếu, phòng khi
* EVEN IF : ngay cho là, dù là

15- I will accept the job provided the salary is satisfactory.

16- Supposing the third world war were to happen, human civilization would be
destroyed.

17- In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.

18- Even if we had been invited, we could not have come because we were very
busy.

EXERCISES

Supply the correct verb tense, paying careful attention to the tense sequence: 
1. If war (come), the nation will be ready.

2. If today (be) Sunday, we should not have to work.

3. If you don’t study your lessons, you (have) poor marks in the examination.
4. If she had had your address, she (write) to you.

5. I (catch) cold if I went out in the rain.
6. If the weather is nice, we (go) to the beach.

7. If she (write) more carefully, she might not have made so many mistakes.
8. Were he to speak to the like that, I (be) very angry.

9. Supposing your father (see) you going to the movies with me, what might he think?
10. If it (be) convenient, let’s meet at three o’clock.

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PRACTICE

1. If I were you, I _________ that coat. It’s much too expensive.

a. won’t buy

b. don’t buy

c. wouldn’t buy

d. didn’t buy

2. If I could speak Spanish, I

next year studying in Mexico.

a. will spend

b. had spent

c. would have spent

d. would spend

3. It would have been a much more serious accident

fast at the time.

a. was she driving b. she had driven

c. had she been driving

d. if she drove

4. ‘Can I borrow your car this evening?’ ‘Sure, but Nora’s using it right now. If she

it

back in time. You’re welcome to borrow it.’

a. brought

b. would bring

c. will bring

d. brings

5. If energy

inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different.

a. is

b. will be

c. would be

d. were

6. We

the game if we’d had a few more minutes.

a. could have won

b. won

c. had won

d. will win

7. I

William with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along with each other.

a. hadn’t brought b. didn’t bring

c. wouldn’t have brought

d. won’t bring

8. The lecturer last night didn’t know what he was talking about, but if Dr. Mason

I

would have listened carefully.

a. lectured

b. had been lecturing c. was lecturing

d. would lecture

9. If you

to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.

a. listened

b. will listen

c. had listened

d. listen

10. interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it.

a. If I am

b. Should I

c. I was

d. Were I

11. If I

the same problems you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as

you have.

a. have

b. would have

c. had had

d. should have

12. I

you sooner had someone told me you were in hospital.

a. would have visited

b. visited

c. had visited

d. visit

13. more help, I could call my neighbor.

a. Needed

b. Should I need

c. I have needed

d. I should need

14. then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over

the years.

a. If I know

b. If I would know c. Did I know

d. Had I known

15. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people

the same

language?

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THE REPORTED SPEECH

(STATEMENTS IN REPORTED SPEECH)

I. Look at these examples:

1. He said, “I will leave here tomorrow”.
He said that he would leave there the following day.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (5)

2. Mary said to me: “I saw them at this place”
Mary told me that she had seen them at that place
(1) (2) (3) (4) (3) (5)
II. Remember to make these FIVE changes:

(1) Repeat the Introducing verb SAY (example 1) or change SAY TO to TELL (example 2).
(2) Change the Comma (,), or Colon (:) to THAT and omit the Quotation marks (“……”)
(3) Change the Personal pronouns and Possessive adjectives, if necessary, according to the

meaning of the sentence.

(4) Change the verb in the direct speech one step into the past if the introducing verb
(usually TO SAY) is in any past tense.

Direct Indirect speech

- Simple present → Simple past
- Present Continuous → Past continuous
- Present Perfect → Past Perfect
- Simple Past → Past Perfect

- Past continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
- Simple Future → Future in the past
- Present Conditional → Perfect Conditional

* The Past Perfect and the Perfect Conditional are not changed.

(5) Change the words showing Place and Time, if the Place and Time are different, so that
the meaning is quite clear.

- this → that - these → those

- here → there - now → then

- ago → before (earlier) - today → that day
- to night → that night

- tomorrow → the next day (the following day / the day after)
- yesterday → the day before (the previous day)

- next week / month / year → the next week / month / year
(the following week / month / year)

- last night / week / month / year → the night / week / month / year before
(the previous night / week / month year)
GENERAL NOTES:

a) THAT may be omitted from the reported sentence.
- She said, “I have not finished my exam paper”
- She said (that) she had not finished her exam paper

b) It is not always necessary to express the words showing place and time.
- She said, “I’m coming to see you now”.

- She said that she was coming to see me. (THEN is not necessary)

c) The auxiliary MUST is often changed to HAD TO; MUST NOT (MUSTN’T), which
expresses a prohibition, remains unchanged: NEED NOT (NEEDN’T) is changed to DID
NOT HAVE TO.

- The teacher said, “You must do the exercises carefully”.
The teacher said that we had to do the exercises carefully.

- “You mustn’t play ball in the street,” said the policeman to the boys.

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- The girls said, “You needn’t come with us if you don’t want to”.
The girls said that I didn’t have to come with them if I didn’t want to.

d) The Simple Past in the direct speech is not changed if the meaning is quite clear.
- Tom said to me, “My mother died of cancer in 1985”.

Tom told me that his mother died of cancer in 1985.

e) If the direct speech expresses a general truth, the tense of the verbs can remain
unchanged in the reported speech.

- He said, “The earth revolves around the sun”.
He said that the earth revolves around the sun.

f) When the introducing verb is in the Simple Present, Present Continuous, Present
Perfect, or Simple Future, the tenses of the verbs in the direct speech do not change.
The words showing Place and Time also remain unchanged.

“You have to stay here”

The doctor says that

is saying that I have to stay here
has said that

will say that
EXERCISE

Change the following sentences from direct to reported speech: 
1. Paulo said, “I want to buy a pocket calculator for my father”.

2. “The store isn’t going to open on New Year’s Day,” the man informed us.
3. She said, “I once spent a summer here in this village”

4. The students said, “We’ll be sitting for our exams next Monday”

5. The nurse said, “The patient in this room did not obey your orders, Doctor”.
6. “The house will seem so empty without you and Tom,” Mrs. Brown said to Susan.
7. “If she knew the truth, she would be unhappy,” David told me.

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THE REPORTED SPEECH

(Continued)

QUESTIONS IN REPORTED SPEECH 
I. Look at these examples:

1. He said, “Where can I find her in this town?”

He asked (me) where he could find her in that town
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

2. She asked : “Will it rain tonight?”

She asked (me) if it would rain that night.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
II. Remember to make these FIVE changes:

(2) Change the introducing verb SAY to ASK (INQUIRE, WONDER, WANT TO KNOW…) Add
an object to the verb ASK in the reported sentence, if necessary.

Omit the Comma (,) or Colon (:), Quotation marks (“……”), and Question mark (?)
(3) Repeat the Question words (WHERE, WHEN, WHY, WHO, WHAT, HOW…) of the direct

question (example 1)

If the direct question has no question word, place IF or WHETHER before the subject in
the reported question. (example 2)

(4) Change the Personal pronouns and Possessive adjectives, if necessary, according to the
meaning of the sentence.

Place the subject before the verb as in the statement.

(5) Change the verb tense in the direct speech, if the introducing verbs is in any past tense.
(the same as in STATEMENTS)

(6) Change the words showing Place and Time, if the place and time are different. (the
same as in STATEMENTS)

NOTES: In questions which show polite requests, SHALL becomes SHOULD (with all three
persons), and WOULD remains WOULD (with all three persons) in reported questions.

- He said, “Shall I open the windows?”

He asked (me) if he should open the windows.
- He said, “Would you mind telling me the time?”

He asked (me) if would mind telling him the time.
EXERCISES

Change the following sentences into indirect form:

1. Mr. Smith said, “Where are you going on your vacation this year?”
2. “Did the mechanic finish repairing my car?” she said.

3. “Why has David been looking so miserable lately?” she wondered.

4. “Was anyone badly hurt in the automobile accident last night?” I asked my friend.
5. The manager said, “When will it be convenient for you to start work, Miss Snow?”
6. The boys said, “Must we be here at six or can we come a little late?”

7. “Do you know which is the cup you used?” she asked her son.

8. “Which country was the first to send a man into space?” the teacher asked.
9. “Shall I be seeing you next week?” John said to his girlfriend.

10. Mrs. Baker said, “Tom! Why don’t you go to bed?”

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THE REPORTED SPEECH

(Continued)

ORDERS AND REQUESTS IN REPORTED SPEECH 
I. Look at these examples:

1. She said to Bill, “please wait for me here”
She asked Bill to wait for her there
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2. He said: “Don’t touch anything in this room!”

He ordered us not to touch anything in that room.
(1) (2) (4)

II. Remember to make these FIVE changes:

(1) . Change the introducing verb SAY to TELL; bảo, (ASK: yêu cầu, ORDER: ra lệnh…)
according to the meaning of the sentence.

. Add an object to the verb TELL (ASK, ORDER,…) in the reported speech.

. Omit the Comma (,) or Colon (:), Quotation marks (“……”), the word PLEASE, and the
Exclamation mark (!)

(2) . Change the verb in the direct speech from Affirmative Imperative to TO + INFINITIVE.
(example 1)

. Change the verb in the direct speech from Negative Imperative to NOT TO +
INFINITIVE. (example 2)

(3) . Change the Personal pronouns and Possessive adjectives, if necessary, according to the
meaning of the sentence. (the same as in STATEMENTS)

(4) . Change the words showing Place and Time, if the place and time are different. (the
same as in STATEMENTS)

NOTES:

A question with WILL or WOULD expressing a polite request, invitation, or offer may be
reported in two ways: a) as a question or b) as a request

- “Will you please be here at nine o’clock?”

a) He asked me if I would please he there at nine o’clock.
b) He asked me to be there at nine o’clock.

“Would you come back a little later?”

c) She asked if he would come back a little later.
d) She politely told him to come back a little later.
EXERCISE

Change these sentences into indirect (reported) speech: 
1. The manager said, “Come into my office, please”.

2. The teacher said to us, “Don’t make so much noise”.
3. Mr. Green said, “Please come to our dinner tonight, Bill”.
4. “Don’t call me again at this late hour!” Susan said to Tom.
5. “Hurry up if you want to go out with me,” Father said.
6. The driver said, “Don’t get off the bus while it’s going”.
7. “Show me what you have in your hand,” she told the boy.

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PRACTICE

1. “Why don’t you put a better lock on the door?” said John.

A. John suggested to put a better lock on the door.
B. John asked why not putting a better lock on the door.
C. John suggested putting a better lock on the door.
D. John made us put a better lock on the door.
2. “You ought to slow down a bit,” the doctor told him.

A. The doctor begged him to slow down. B. The doctor made him slow down.
C. The doctor threatened him to slow down. D. The doctor advised him to slow down.
3. Kate said, “You are not as intelligent as I thought, Bill”

A. Kate had thought that Bill was stupid.

B. Kate had thought that Bill was more intelligent.
C. In Kate’s opinion, Bill was not so intelligent as her.
D. Kate told Bill to think about his intelligence.

4. Mr. Brown said, “Could you please wait here about half an hour?”

A. Mr. Brown asked me if I had been able to wait there about half an hour.
B. Mr. Brown asked me if I could wait there about half an hour.

C. Mr. Brown asked me to wait there about half an hour.

D. Mr. Brown asked me if I was pleased to wait there about half an hour.
5. “Who did you come to the party with?” said Tom to Lyn.

A. Tom asked Lyn who did she come to the party with.
B. Tom wanted to know with who Lyn had come to the party.

C. Tom asked Lyn who she had come to the party with.
D. Tom asked Lyn who she had come to the party with?

6. “Don’t be so disappointed, Bill. You can take the driving test again,” said Helen.
A. Helen told Bill not to be disappointed and not to take the driving test again.
B. Helen told Bill to be disappointed because of the driving test again.

C. Helen said Bill not to be disappointed in order to take the driving test again.
D. Helen encouraged Bill to take the driving test again.

7. The mother said to her daughter, “You must be back home by 8 o’clock.”
A. The mother told her daughter that she must be back home by 8 o’clock.
B. The mother said that her daughter would be back home by 8 o’clock.
C. The mother suggested her daughter to be back home by 8 o’clock.
D. The mother told her daughter to be back home by 8 o’clock.
8. “You’re always making terrible mistakes,” said the teacher.

A. The teacher complained about his students making terrible mistakes.
B. The teacher asked his students why they always made terrible mistakes.
C. The teacher realized that his students always made terrible mistakes.
D. The teacher made his students not always make terrible mistakes.
9. Mary said, “Would you like some tea, Peter?”

A. Mary asked Peter to make her some tea.
B. Mary wanted to know if Peter like tea.
C. Mary offered to make some tea for Peter.
D. Mary and Peter asked for some tea to drink.
10. “I’ll certainly help you tomorrow,” said Tom to Helen.

A. Tom promised to help Helen the day after.

B. Tom announced that he would help Helen the day after.
C. Tom asked if Helen wanted him to help Helen the day after.

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11. “No, I didn’t steal anything from her,” said Henry.
A. Henry confirmed that he had stolen things from her.
B. Henry refused to steal things from her.

C. Henry denied stealing things from her.
D. Henry said no to stealing things from her.
12. “ You ought to slow down a bit”, the doctor told him.

A. The doctor begged him to slow down.
B. The doctor made him slow down

C. The doctor threatened him to slow down.
D. The doctor advised him to slow down

13. Kate said, “ You are not as in telligent as I thought, Bill”
A. Kate had thought that Bill was stupid.

B. Kate had thought that Bill was more intelligent.
C. In Kate’s opinion, Bill was not so intelligent as her.
D. Kate told Bill to think about his intelligence

14. Mr Brown said “ Could you please wait here about half an hour?”

A. Mr.Brown asked me if I had been able to wait there about half an hour.
B. Mr.Brown asked me if I could wait there about half an hour.

C. Mr.Brown aked me to wait there about half an hour.

D. Mr.Brown asked me if I was pleased to wait there about half an hour.
15. “ Who did you come to the party with?” said Tom to Lyn.

A. Tom asked Lyn who did she come to the party with.
B. Tom wanted to know with who Lyn had come to the party.
C. Tom asked Lyn who she came to the party with.

D. Tom asked Lyn who she had come to the party with?

16. “ Don’t be so disappointed, Bill. You can take the driving test again” said Helen.
A. Helen told Bill not to be disappointed and not to take the driving test again.
B. Helen told Bill to be disappointed because of the driving test again.

C. Helen said Bill not to be disappointed in order to take the driving test again.
D. Helen encouraged Bill to take the driving test again.

17. The mother said to her daughter, “ You must be back home by 8 o’clock”
A. The mother told her daughter that she must be back home by 8 o’clock.
B. The mother said that her daughter would be back home by 8 o’clock.
C. The mother suggested her daughter to be back home by 8 o’clock.
D. The mother told her daughter to be back home by 8 o’clock
18. “ You’re always making terrible mistakes” said the teacher.

A. The teacher complained about his students making terrible mistakes.
B. The teacher asked his students why they always made terrible mistakes.
C. The teacher realized that his students always made terrible mistakes.
D. The teacher made his students not always make terrible mistakes.
19. Mary said, “ Would you like some tea, Peter?”

A. Mary asked Peter to make her some tea.
B. Mary wanted to know if Peter like tea.
C. Mary offered to make some tea for Peter.
D. Mary and Peter asked for some tea to drink.
20. “I’ll certainly help you tomorrow,” said Tom to Helen

A. Tom promised to help Helen the day after.

B. Tom announced that he would help Helen the day after.
C. Tom asked if Helen wanted him to help her the day after.
D. Tom told Helen to help him the day after.

21. “No, I didn’t steal anything from her,” said Henry.

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C. Henry denied stealing things from her.
D. Henry said no to stealing things from her.

22. “ Don’t forget to go to the supermarket after work,” said Pete’s wife.
A. Pete’s wife reminded him to go to the supermarket after work.
B. Pete’s wife invited him to go to the supermarket with her after work.
C. Pete’s wife warned him to go to the supermarket after work.

D. Pete’s wife allowed him to go to the supermarket afer work.
23. “ Unless you give me a pay rise, I’ll resign,” said Mike.

A. Mike asked for a pay rise before he would resign.
B. Mike asked to resign without a pay rise.

C. Mike threatened to resign if he didn’t have a pay rise.

D. Mike was asked to resign without any pay rise.

24. “ If I were you, I would send this information to her” Harry said to Andrei.
A. Harry said that he would send the information to her on Andrei’s behalf.
B. Harry advised Andrei to send the information to her.

C. Harry encouraged Andrei sending the information to her.

D. Harry wanted to become Andrei in order to send the information to her.
25. “Would you mind if I smoked in here?” said the man.

A. The man wanted me not to smoke in there.
B. The man wanted me to smoke in there.

C. The man asked for permission to smoke in there.
D. The man offered me a cigarette to smoke in there.
26. “ Let’s have dinner out this evening,” said George.

A. George wanted to have dinner out alone.
B. George suggested having dinner out.
C. George invited them having dinner out.
D. George let other have dinner out.

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VERB FORMS

LÝ THUYẾT: XEM Ở CUỐI ĐỀ CƯƠNG

BÀI TẬP:

I. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. I didn‟t have enough time (finish) my work yesterday.

2. As she drove past his house, she noticed him (run) away from home.
3. I was relieved (find out) that I had passed the exam.

4. She made her son (wash) the windows before he could go outside
(play) with his friends.

5. She lets her children (stay) up very late.

6. We had nothing (do) except look at the cinema posters.
7. We both heard him (say) that he was leaving.

8. It made him angry (wait) for people who were late.

9. I couldn‟t understand what the passage said, so I had my friend (translate) it
for me.

10. It‟s important (start) the meeting on time.

11. There are too many people here for me (talk) to all of them.
12. It took ages (download) the pictures from the Internet.

13. Whenever I have free time, I like (watch) the basketball team

(practise)

14. She sent me an e-mail (inform) me that the meeting had been canceled.
15. It was a thrill (see) my brother (win) the chess tournament last year.

II.

Choose the correct answers.

1. Instead of buying a new pair of shoes, I had my old ones .
a. repair b. to repair c. repairing d. repaired
2. It‟s possible a train across Canada.

a. take b. to take c. taking d. to be taken

3. Now that we‟ve finished painting the house, there is nothing left .
a. to do b. for doing c. to be done d. for being done
4. Before we leave, let‟s have Shelley a map for us so we won‟t get lost.

a. draw b. to draw c. drawing d. drawn

5. I can hear a cat at the window.

a. scratches b. to scratch c. scratching d. was scratching
6. I think your mother should let you your own mind.

a. make up b. to make up c. making up d. made up
7. The police never found the money in the robbery.

a. stealing b. be stolen c. steal d. stolen

8. Do you know what made so many people their home ?

a. evacuate b. to evacuate c. evacuated d. be evacuated
9. bread, you usually need flour, salt, and yeast.

a. Make b. To make c. Making d. For make

10. We saw our favorite ballet at the theater last night.

a. perform b. performing c. performed d. in perforning
11. He was never heard “thank you” in his life.

a. say b. to say c. saying d. said

12. I was delighted my old friends again.

a. to see b. seeing c. seen d. to be seen

13. to friends is nice but alone is also enjoyable.

a. Talk / to be b. To talk / be c. Talk / be d. Talking / being
14. I‟d rather to Elvis than the Beatles.

a. listen b. to listen c. listening d. listened
15. I can make myself pretty well in English.

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III. Put the werb into correct form: infinitive, to-infinitive, or-ing

1. You shouldn‟t let your children (play) with matches. It‟s very easy
(catch) fire.

2. I enjoy (be) busy. I don‟t like it when there is nothing (do)
3. Let‟s hurry! We must finish (paint) the office before 3:00 today.

4. As we don‟t agree (carry out) a proposal we generally avoid
(discuss) the subject.

5. I don‟t mind (remind) you (lock) the door, but you‟d better

(try) _ (remember) on your own.

6. Please stop (interrupt) when I‟m explaining something to you. You can
(ask) questions at the end.

7. He admitted (enter) the house but refused (steal) the money.
8. I don‟t really fancy (spend) my whole holiday with your cousins. I‟d rather

(spend) my time with you.

9. We had hoped (finish) the project by the end of the month but we keep
(delay) by changes in the plans.

10. You‟d better (go) and see the boss and say what you‟ve done. If you put off
(explain) it to her, she‟ll only more annoyed.

11. No, that‟s not what I meant (say). How can I make you
(understand)?

12. Those shirts need (iron), but you don‟t need (iron) them now.
13. Are we permitted (bring) guests to the ceremony? I‟d like

(invite) my friend to join us.

14. Children shouldn‟t be allowed (watch) violent programs on TV. Parents should
encourage their children (watch) educational programs.

15. It‟s no use (try) (persuade) her (change) her

mind. Spend your time (do) something more worthwhile.

IV. Choose the correct answer

16. I don‟t mind late, if it will help at all.

a. to wrok b. to be work c. working d. being working
17. I remember to the zoo when I was a child.

a. to take b. to be taken c. taking d. being taken
18. We managed over the wall without .

a. to climb / seeing b. climbing / being seen
c. to climb / being seen d. to be climbed / seeing
19. Isabel expected to the university, but she wasn‟t.

a. to admit b. to be admitted c. admitting d. being admitted
20. The city council agreed the architect‟s proposed design for a new parking

garage.

a. to accept b. to be accepted c. accepting d. being accepted
21. The tin opener seems for left-handed people.

a. to design b. to be designed c. designing d. being designed
22. My parents appreciate the thank-you note you sent them.

a. to receive b. to be received c. receiving d. being received
23. When the police first questioned him, Wayne denied in robbery.

a. to involve b. to be involved c. involving d. being involved
24. Many reliable methods of storing information tended when computers arrived.

a. to forget b. to be forgotten c. forgetting d. being forgotten
25. The police warned everybody inside with their windows closed.

a. to stay b. to be stayed c. staying d. being stayed

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26. She resented to make tea for everyone at the meeting.

a. to ask b. to be asked c. asking d. being asked
27. Let‟s leave early. We can‟t risk in heavy traffic during rush hour.

a. to hold up b. to be held up c. holding up d. being held up
28. After their children had grown up, they decided to a condominium in the city.

a. to move b. to be moved c. moving d. being moved
29. The new students hope in many of the school‟s social activities.

a. to include b. to be included c. uncluding d. being included
30. Does Dr Johnson mind at home if his patients need his help?

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REVIEW 1

1. The Magic Hat _______________ at 12 a.m. every Saturday.

A. broadcast B. broadcasts C. is broadcasting D. broadcasted
2. Many young people are fond of _______________ football and other kinds of sports.

A. play B. to play C. playing D. played

3. The whistle signaled the end of the first half. The match will continue after half-time and
now AC Milan _______________ Juventus by 2 goals to nil.

A. led B. is leading C. has led D. leads

4. _______________ any letters from him lately?

A. Do you receive B. Have you received
C. Are you receiving D. Had you received

5. I _______________ a meeting at the office this time tomorrow, so you can phone me
later in the evening.

A. have B. have had C. will have had D. will be having
6. The moon _______________ around the earth.

A. has moved B. moves C. is moving D. will move
7. She said she _______________ that film years before.

A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. would see

8. America, which is considered to be a new continent, it is said _______________ by
Christopher Columbus.

A. to discover B. to have been discovered
C. to be discovered D. being discovered

9. They couldn’t help _______________ when they heard the little boy singing a love song.

A. laughing B. to laugh C. laugh D. laughed

10. Your house needs _______________.

A. redecorated B. redecorating C. being redecorated D. to redecorate
11. I remember _______________ them to play in my garden.

A. to allow B. allow C. allowing D. allowed
12. It’s about time you _______________ harder for the next exam.

A. work B. are working C. worked D. have worked
13. Your eyes are red, _______________, darling?

A. Are you cried B. Do you cry C. Will you cry D. Have you been crying
14. While my mother _______________ a film on TV, my father was cooking dinner. It was

March 8th yesterday.

A. watched B. was watching C. had watched D. was watched
15. The next train _______________ at 7 p.m., so get ready now.

A. leaves B. is leaving C. will leave D. has left
16. I meant to get up early but I forgot _______________ up my alarm clock.

A. wind B. to wind C. winding D. wound

17. If he really doesn’t feel like _______________ now, I suggest that he should go out for
some fresh air.

A. work B. to work C. working D. worked

18. It was a nasty memory. Do you remember both of us wearing sunglasses to avoid
_______________ by the supervisors?

A. to recognize B. to be recognized C. recognizing D. being recognized
19. I can’t bear thinking back of that time. I’d rather _______________ equally.

A. treat B. be treated C. have treated D. have been treated
20. Neither my colleagues nor I _______________ particularly interested in the training

course next month.

A. are B. am C. be D. being

21. The car was _______________ to be seen.

A. somewhere B. nowhere C. anywhere D. everywhere
22. _______________ can change his way of thinking.

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23. I’m afraid she’s got _______________ of the qualities we need for a promoter.

A. none B. nothing C. no D. neither

24. _ Which one would you like to have?
_ _______________ of them is OK, I think.

A. Both B. None C. Neither D. Either

25. We had expected many of them to come, but only _______________ showed up.

A. none B. a little C. a few D. few

26. No one is a better cook than his mother, _______________?

A. is no one B. are they C. isn’t she D. aren’t they
27. Her car is more economical, but _______________ is faster than _______________.

A. my / her B. mine / her C. it / hers D. mine / hers
28. Every man and woman _______________ responsible for what he or she does.

A. is B. are C. be D. have been

29. All students in the school are free to join any club they wish or _______________.

A. none B. not B. no D. without

30. Some people believe in _______________, but _______________ don’t.
A. them / the other B. themselves / another
C. theirs / others D. themselves / others
31. You have to work _______________ for the coming exam.

A. hardly B. more hardly C. hard D. more hard
32. That’s really an _______________ man. He tells very good jokes.

A. amused B. amusing C. amusedly D. amusingly
33. The secret of getting good marks is to keep _______________ in the exam room.

A. calm B. calmly C. calming D. calmed

34. It was such _______________ news that they all sat there saying nothing.

A. worry B. worried C. worrying D. worryingly
35. _______________, there are no such so-called ghosts.

A. Science B. Scientist C. Scientific D. Scientifically
36. I cut myself _______________ I was shaving.

A. while B. until C. during D. by the time

37. You’ll see my house _______________ you cross the street.

A. because B. where C. when D. although

38. He just had to apologize _______________ he knew he had made a mistake.

A. before B. wherever C. due to D. because

39. I often feel tired _______________ I get up in the morning.

A. although B. so long as C. when D. while

40. No sooner had he come home _______________ he knew he had dropped his wallet.

A. when B. after C. than D. then

41. _______________ the church service, people keep quiet.

A. While B. During C. When D. As

42. _______________ in doubt about taking the medicine, consult your doctor.

A. As B. Though C. As soon as D. When

43. She hasn’t received a single letter from him _______________ they both left school.

A. as B. because C. since D. now that

44. _______________ I am aware, this is the last talk on the topic.

A. Where B. As long as C. Since D. As far as
45. He wouldn’t have failed his exams _______________ he hadn’t been ill.

A. unless B. in case C. if D. although

46. What will you do when you _______________ away for the weekend?

A. go B. went C. will go D. going

47. _______________ he gets home before us and can’t get in?

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48. _______________ you change your mind, I won’t be able to help you.
A. If only B. Because C. Unless D. Provided
49. _______________ you keep it in good condition, I’ll lend you my car.

A. So long as B. Although C. Because D. While
50. Fail to pay the bill _______________ they will cut off the electricity.

A. unless B. and C. so D. if

51. If a driver _______________ suddenly on a wet road, he will skid.

A. braked B. braking C. brakes D. will brake
52. If I saw a tiger walking past me, I _______________ a tree.

A. climb B. will climb C. would climb D. had to climb

53. It is such an important matter _______________ I can’t decide anything about it myself.

A. so B. because C. that D. if

54. He hid that letter in a drawer _______________ no one could read it.
A. so that B. although C. because D. than

55. _____________ Tom was unable to see anything, he knew someone was in his room.

A. Because B. In case C. If D. Even though

56. _______________ other workers’ constant objection, the director dismissed the worker.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although D. In spite of

57. No one else in the class plays the guitar _______________ John.

A. as well B. as far as C. so well as D. as soon as
58. The town was nearer _______________ we thought it would be.

A. then B. that C. as D. than

59. ____________ some scientists use lasers for military purposes, others use them in
medicine.

A. When B. While C. Until D. However

60. It seems ____________ those students haven’t learnt this grammar point before.
A. so that B. as if C. such that D. even though
61. He doesn’t seem to be successful ____________ hard he works.

A. whatever B. although C. because D. however
62. They were disqualified ____________ they fought to the last minute.

A. as B. since C. though D. once

63. The teacher explained the lesson twice ____________ the students understood it clearly.
A. as long as B. so that C. because D. as if

64. Peter looks ____________ he hasn’t been able to sleep for some time.
A. as though B. as for C. as well as D. as far as
65. Huong didn’t participate in the contest ____________ her lack of confidence.

A. because B. because of C. since D. despite
66. English ____________ in many countries in Africa.

A. speaks B. is speaking C. is spoken D. has spoken
67. A new bridge over the river ____________ at present.

A. constructed B. is constructed C. is constructing D. is being constructed
68. They are going to demolish those slums for the street ____________.

A. to widen B. widening C. to be widened D. being widened
69. The school boy ____________ in the accident.

A. seriously injured B. seriously was injured

C. was seriously injured D. to be injured seriously

70. The house really needs ____________.

A. for repainted B. to be repainting C. being repainted D. repainting
71. Nothing ____________ about it.

A. can do B. can be done C. can’t be done D. be able to do
72. ____________ that the earth is round.

A. It is believed B. The belief C. People are believed D. There is believed

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73. Five people ____________ injured in the traffic accident.

A. reported to be B. are reporting C. are to be reported D. are reported to be
74. I will have my brother ____________ the motor-bike for me.

A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. repaired
75. She was made ____________ over the passport.

A. hand B. to hand C. handing D. handed

76. ____________ Christmas Eve, people often have parties late at midnight.

A. In B. On C. At D. From

77. She was born ____________ April 15, 1986.

A. at B. in C. since D. on

78. I last met her ____________ October last year.

A. since B. in C. on D. for

79. We haven’t seen each other ____________ last January.

A. for B. on C. since D. in

80. They will have built this road ____________ the end of the year.

A. since B. until C. after D. by

81. Please take the picture ____________ the wall. It’s too old now.

A. in B. at C. off D. by

82. Jane got ____________ the bus when it stopped then she walked into a café.

A. on B. off C. into D. out of

83. My house is not too far ____________ my school.

A. from B. away C. about D. off

84. Mary was standing ____________ front of her desk.

A. on B. at C. in D. from

85. They stepped ____________ the stairs many times just for fun.

A. to and fro B. back and forth C. up and down D. in and about
86. Scientists are searching ____________ some other kinds of energy.

A. at B. about C. in D. for

87. Alice has been absent ____________ the last two classes.

A. in B. from C. away D. for

88. All of us are fond ____________ listening to music.

A. in B. about C. of D. with

89. My sister is quick ____________ playing computer games.

A. with B. about C. in D. at

90. I’m very grateful ____________ you for your kindness.

A. to B. for C. of D. about

91. After making a tour of Singapore, my father arrived ____________ Tan Son Nhat airport
last night.

A. at B. in C. into D. for

92. I’m looking forward ____________ receiving your email soon.

A. at B. to C. in D. for

93. When do you plan to leave ____________ Da Nang?

A. to B. into C. for D. at

94. She is always borrowing money ____________ me.

A. from B. to C. of D. in

95. His illness prevents him ____________ coming to the party.

A. with B. of C. for D. from

96. I missed the train ____________ catch to work.

A. which usually B. that usually C. usually for me D. I usually
97. They are excellent students ____________ I have complete confidence.

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98. The Smiths, ____________ house had been destroyed in the explosion, were given rooms
in a hostel.

A. which B. who C. that D. whose

99. They’re my two brothers, ____________ are architects like me. They don’t like the job.
A. both of those B. neither of whom C. neither D. who neither

100. I‘ve no idea ____________ he behaved strangely at the meeting.

A. when B. where C. which D. why

Units 1&2 Tenses of verbs (SGD)

1. She ____ with her sister at the moment until she finds a flat.

A. stays B. is staying C. will stay D. has stayed
2. It was noisy because our neighbours ______ a party.

A. had B. had had C. have had D. were having
3. I ______ this computer for more than 10 years, so I’m thinking of getting a new one.
A. have B. have had C. have been having D. am having

4. Will you tell him the truth when he _______ tomorrow?

A. is returning B. will return C. returns D. is going to return
Unit 3 Reported speech

5. The doctor _______ stay in bed for a few days.

A. said that I B. told me to C. told that I should D. said to me I should
6. The girls ___________ coming to the meeting on time.

A. suggested them B. asked us C. offered D. apologized for not
Unit 4 Passive voice

7. This beautiful dress _______ especially for me by a French tailor.
A. is made B. was made C. has been made D. made
8. Much progress on computers _______ since its invention.

A. have been made B. has been made C. have made D. has made
Unit 5 Conditional sentences

9. If the motorbike ______ cheaper, I would have bought it.

A. had been B. were C. could be D. had not been
10. If you had sent the application on time, they _________ you for an interview now.
A. would have called B. will call C. would call D. will be

11. I’m going now ______ you want me to stay.

A. providing B. provided C. as long as D. unless
Unit 6 Relative clauses

12. I’m looking for a cooker ______ I saw in this shop a few days ago.
A. whom B. who C. which D. when
13. We must find a time ______ we can tell them the truth.

A. when B. whose C. why D. which
Unit 7 (Al)though / even though

13. He didn’t take a rest _____ he was exhausted.

A. although B. in case C. but D. because
14. He went to school _______ his flu.

A. because of B. despite C. although D. even though
Unit 8 Prepositions and articles

15. A computer is ______ useful means for language learning.

A. the B. an C. a D. some

16. Would you like ______ milk in your coffee?

A. the B. a C. any D. some

17. Of course I will be taking advice on this matter, but ____ the end, it is up to me to decide
what to do.

A. in B. at C. on D. for

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Unit 9 So, but, however, therefore

18. It is one possible solution to the problem. ________, there are others.

A. However B. But C. Therefore D. Whereas
19. I'm sorry, ________ I think you're wrong when you say she did it deliberately.
A. however B. therefore C. but D. so
Unit 10 May, might, must(n’t), need(n’t)

20. You ________ concern yourself with the hotel booking. The travel agent will take care of it.
A. mustn’t B. needn't C. may not D. might not

21. You ________ take photographs in here. It's forbidden.

A. may not B. might not C. needn’t D. mustn't
22. In the future, it ________ be possible to fly across the Atlantic in about thirty minutes.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. may D. can

Unit 11 Modals in the passive voice

23. They advise that a passport _________ with you at all times.

A. should be carried B. should carry C. can be carried D. is carried
24. Cancellations _________ in writing.

A. must make B. can make C. must be made D. made
Unit 12 (in)transitive verbs

25. A lot of smoke was _______ from the chimney.

A. raised B. risen C. raising D. rising
26. Everyone realized that the news ______ her.

A. wasn’t surprised by B. didn’t surprise
C. weren’t surprising D. weren’t surprised by

Unit 13 Comparative and comparative - The comparative, the comparative 
27. The ______ we start, the sooner we will be back.

A. early B. earliest C. earlier D. more early
28. Every day she sinks _________ into depression.

A. far and far B. farther and farther
C. further and further D. more farther
Units 14 & 15 Phrasal verbs and verb + preposition 
29. She doesn’t approve ___________ my leaving school this year.

A. with B. of C. for D. about
30. He turned ___________ the job because it involved too much traveling.

A. away B. out of C. down D. against

Unit 16 Adverbial clauses of time

31. Please let us know your decision ___________ you can.

A. after B. as soon as C. while D. as
32. Once he starts a job he won't stop ___________ it's finished.

A. when B. as soon as C. after D. until

RELATIVE CLAUSE

1. Defining relative clauses (Mệnh đề tính từ (quan hệ) xác định):

Mệnh đề tính từ được gọi là xác định khi nó cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của cả câu. Bỏ nó đi, câu sẽ khơng đủ
nghĩa. Trong trường hợp này giữa mệnh để chính và mệnh đề tính từ khơng có dấu phẩy.

Ex: The story which you told me last night was interesting.

Nếu ta chỉ viết The story was interesting (Câu chuyện rất hay) thì câu khơng đủ nghĩa, vì ta khơng biết
đó là câu chuyện nào. Vì vậy mệnh đề which you told me last night là mệnh để tính từ xác định. 
 Ex: The woman who lived near my house died of cancer.

The couple who we met on holiday have sent us a card.

2. Non-defining relative clause (Mệnh đề tính từ khơng xác định)

Mệnh để tính từ khơng xác định là mệnh đề không cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của cả câu. Bỏ nó đi, mệnh đề
chính vẫn có đầy đủ ý nghĩa. Nó chỉ thêm vào mệnh đề chính một ít chi tiết mà thôi. Trong trường hợp này
giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề phụ có dấu phẩy.

Ex: Shakespeare, who wrote Romeo and Juliet, died in 1616.

Câu trên có thể viết Shakespeare died in 1616 cũng đầy đủ ý nghĩa rồi. Who wrote Romeo and Juliet
chỉ là một chi tiết thêm vào câu mà thơi, chứ nó khơng cần thiết lắm.

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1/ Trước danh từ quan hệ có: this, that, these, those, my, her,…
Ex: My mother, who is fifty years old, is a teacher.

2/ Từ quan hệ và tên riêng hoặc danh từ riêng.

Ex: Mr Smith, who has a lot of teaching experience, will join us in this new year.

Lưu ý: ⬧ Đối với mệnh đề tính từ khơng xác định, ta không được dùng that để thay thế cho which, who,

whom và cũng không được lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ.

⬧ Đại từ quan hệ who (m), that, which được lược bỏ khi nó là túc từ trực tiếp trong MĐQH xác định.
3. Relative pronouns with prepositions (Đại từ quan hệ có giới từ)

Trong tiếng Anh trang trọng, giới từ thường đứng đầu mệnh đề tính từ. Tuy nhiên, trong văn nói giới từ
thường đi sau chủ ngữ và động từ của mệnh đề tính từ.

Ex: 1. The picture was beautiful. She was looking at it.

→ The picture which / that she was looking at was beautiful. 
→ The picture at which she was looking was beautiful. 
2. The man is my uncle. You talked to him last night.
→ The man who(m) you talked to last night is my uncle. 
→ The man to whom you talked last night is my uncle.

Lưu ý: Nếu giới từ đứng đầu mệnh đề tính từ thì chỉ có whom và which được áp dụng trong trường hợp

này mà thôi, giới từ không bao giờ đi với who và that.

4.

Relative clause replaced by participies and to infinitives (Mệnh đề tính từ thay thế bằng 
phân từ và động từ nguyên mẫu có to).

Mệnh đề tính từ có thể được rút gọn bằng cụm từ hoặc cụm động từ nguyên mẫu có to. 
1. Có hai loại phân từ: hiện tại phân từ (V-ing) và quá khứ phân từ (Vp.p).

- Đối với những mệnh đề tính từ có động từ chính ở dạng chủ động, ta dùng hiện tại phân từ để rút
gọn.

Ex: 1. The woman who spoke to Hoa is my sister.
→ The woman speaking to Hoa is my sister.

2. Do you know the girl that is drinking coffee over there? 
→ Do you now the girl drinking coffee over there?

- Đối với những mệnh đề tính từ có động từ chính ở dạng bị động, ta dùng quá khứ phân từ để rúit
gọn.

Ex: The Sport Games, which was held in India in 1951, were the first Asian Games.
→ The Sport Games, held in India in 1951, were the first Asian Games.

- Đối với những mệnh đề tính từ có động từ be + cụm giới từ, ta chỉ dùng cụm giới từ mà thôi.
 Ex: The books that are on the table belong to Nam.

→ The books on the table belong to Nam.

2. Cụm động từ nguyên mẫu có “to” có thể được dùng sau các từ như: the first, the second, … the last /
only… và sau so sánh nhất.

Ex: Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space. 
→ Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space.

Lưu ý:

Động từ nguyên mẫu trong trường hợp này có ý chủ động, cịn nếu diễn đạt ý bị động ta phải dùng
nguyên mẫu ở thể bị động.

Ex: This is the second person who was killed in that way. 
→ This is the second person to be killed in that way.

5. Revision of relative clauses (ôn lại mệnh đề quan hệ / tính từ)

Có hai loại: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.
 a) Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định:

Chỉ người Chỉ vật

Chủ ngữ Who / that Which / that
Tân ngữ Who(m) / that Which / that

Sở hữu Whose + danh từ Whose / of which
Giới từ Giới từ + whom Giới từ + which
 b) Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định:

Chỉ người Chỉ vật

Chủ ngữ , who , which

Tân ngữ , who(m) , which

Sở hữu , whose + danh từ , whose / of which
Giới từ , giới từ + whom , giới từ + which

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6. Omission of relative pronouns (Lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ)

Trong tiếng Anh thân mật, ta có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ (who(m), which, that) khi chúng làm chức
năng tân ngữ. Còn khi chúng làm chức năng chủ ngữ thì chúng ta khơng thể lược bỏ được.

Ex: The man whom I met yesterday was very friendly. 
→ The man whom I met yesterday was very friendly.

Trong trường hợp đại từ quan hệ làm chức năng tân ngữ cho giới từ thì ta phải đem giới từ ra sau động
từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ rồi ta mới bỏ đại từ quan hệ được.

Ex: The teacher to whom you talked is my brother. 
→ The teacher whom you talked to is my brother. 
→ The teacher whom you talked to is my brother

7.

Cleft sentences (Câu chẻ hay còn gọi là câu nhấn mạnh)

Để nhấn mạnh một từ hay cụm từ bằng cách đưa từ hay cụm từ đó vào cấu trúc It + be + … sau động
từ to be còn lại ta đưa tất cả vào mệnh đề quan hệ ở phía sau. Cấu trúc này ta gọi là câu chẻ.

Ex: Mr. Cuong teaches English in Chu Van An High School
S V O Adv

→ It is Mr. Cuong that teaches English in Chu Van An High School.
(nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ - subject focus)

→ It is English that Mr. Cuong teaches in Chu Van An High School.
(nhấn mạnh tân ngữ - object focus)

→ It is in Chu Van An High School that Mr. Cuong teaches English.
(nhấn mạnh trạng ngữ - adverbial focus)

1. Subject focus (nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ)

It + be + subject + mệnh đề quan hệ

Ex: The boy gave her the book.

→ It was the boy who gave her the book.

2. Object focus (nhấn mạnh tân ngữ)

It + be + object + mệnh đề quan hệ

Ex: I met Lan at the party.

→ It was Lan that I met at the party.

3. Adverbial focus (nhấn mạnh trạng ngữ)

It + be + Adverbial modifier + mệnh đề quan hệ

Ex: She bought him a present at the shop.

→ It was at the shop that she bought him a present.

Lưu ý:

- Trong câu chẻ, đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ thường được theo sau bởi động từ hịa hợp với tiền trí từ của
nó.

Ex: It is the farmers who work in the fields.

- Khi tân ngữ là danh từ riêng thì that được dùng rộng rãi hơn who. Ex: It was Mr. Manh that I saw.

PRACTICE

Câu 1. Mark Twain is an author ______ I like best.

A. his books

B. that books

C. the book of whom D. whose books

Câu 2. Do you remember Mrs. Goddard, ______ taught us English composition?

A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. which

Câu 3. Jane, ______ you have never met before, is a genius in painting.

A. that

B. whose

C. whom

D. which

Câu 4. Ann quit her job at the advertising agency, ______ surprised everyone.

A. which

B. that

C. who

D. that it

Câu 5. There are some large tables ________students can sit and read books in the library.

A. where

B. which

C. that

D. when

Câu 6. I think the reason ______ we get on so well is that we both enjoy talking.

A. why

B. which

C. that

D. what

Câu 7. The factory in ________John works is the biggest in the town.

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Câu 8. The paintings _________ Mr Flowers has in his house are worth around $100,000.

A. which

B. whose

C. what

D. whom

Câu 9. Is this the address _________ you want the package sent?

A. that

B. to that

C. to which

D. to

Câu 10. Do you have the book ______ the teacher?

A. that it belongs to

B. to which belongs to C. to which belongs

D. that belongs to

Câu 11. (Choose the bold part that is incorrect) The nice couple with who we went on holiday

has just moved in next door.

A. couple

B. who

C. on holiday

D. moved in

Câu 12. The teacher ______ has not yet arrived.

A. who I wrote to you

B. I wrote to you about him

C. whom I wrote to you about him

D. I wrote to you about

Câu 13. The first village _____ was not far from the capital.

A. that I visited to

B. where I visited

C. to which I visited D. I visited

Câu 14. What was that notice ______?

A. at that you were looking

B. you were looking at

C. you were looking at it

D. which you were looking

Câu 15. Despacito, ______ over four billion times on YouTube, is one of the most favourite songs

among teenagers worldwide.

A. is viewed

B. which viewed

C. viewing

D. viewed

Câu 16. The pianist _______ at the concert last night is internationally famous.

A. playing

B. to play

C. played

D. whom played

Câu 17. Everyone ______ the building was searched by the police.

A. enter

B. entered

C. entering

D. enters

Câu 18. Only a few of movies ______ on TV are suitable for children.

A. which show

B. showing

C. shown

D. are shown

Câu 19. Lady Astor was the first woman ______ her seat in Parliament.

A. taken

B. to take

C. taking

D. whom takes

Câu 20. It was in 1875 _____ joined the staff of the astronomical observatory at Harvard

University.

A. that Anna Winlock B. Anna Winlock, who C. as Anna Winlock D. Anna Winlock then

Câu 21. _______ that Columbus discovered America.

A. In 1492

B. That was in 1492 C. It was in 1492

D. There was in 1492

Câu 22. (Choose the bold part that is incorrect) It is the ASEAN Para Games that disabled

athletes have an opportunity to have their talents and efforts recognised.

A. the ASEAN Para Games

B. disabled

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Câu 23. Tom came to the party in patched jeans. This surprised the other guests. Most of them

were wearing evening dress.

A. Tom came to the party in patched jeans which surprised the other guests, most of them were

wearing evening dress.

B. Tom came to the party in patched jeans, which surprised the other guests, most of them were

wearing evening dress.

C. Tom came to the party in patched jeans which surprised the other guests, most of whom were

wearing evening dress.

D. Tom came to the party in patched jeans, which surprised the other guests, most of whom were

wearing evening dress.

Câu 24. These are the pictures. My son drew them when he was young.

A. These are the pictures, which my son drew when he was young.

B. These are the pictures which my son drew them when he was young.

C. These are the pictures which my son drew when he was young.

D. These are the pictures in which my son drew when he was young.

Câu 25: My mother ______ enjoys hill walking.

A. who is in her seventies

B. , that is in her seventies,

C. which is in her seventies

D. , who is in her seventies,

Câu 26: I missed the train ____________ catch to work.

A. which usually

B. that usually

C. usually for me

D. I usually

Câu 27: They are excellent students ____________ I have complete confidence.

A. who

B. that

C. whom

D. in whom

Câu 28: The Smiths, ________________ house had been destroyed in the explosion, were given

rooms in a hostel.

A. which

B. who

C. that

D. whose

Câu 29: They’re my two brothers, ____________ are architects like me. They don’t like the job.

A. both of those

B. neither of whom C. neither

D. who neither.

Câu 30: I’ve no idea ______________ he behaved strangely at the meeting.

A. when

B. where

C. which

D. why

Câu 31: The day when I first met her then is still on my mind.

A B C D

Câu 32: He was the last one leaving the burning building in time.

A B C D

Câu 33: Do you know the man who standing in the corner of the hall?

A B C D

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MODALS

LÝ THUYẾT: XEM VIDEO CLIP (

)

BÀI TẬP:

1. When she was young, she ______ swim across this river.

A. could

B. had better

C. would

D. should

2. He ______ stop making personal calls at work, or he will lose his job.

A. would rather

B. had better

C. could

D. will

3. ______ I clean the room before the guest arrives?

A. Shall

B. Would

C. Could

D. Might

4. ______ I use your computer for a minute?

A. Might

B. Could

C. Must

D. Would

5. My brother ______ attend a university in the USA, but he isn’t sure yet.

A. should

B. will

C. shall

D. can

6. I think the principal of this school ___ give students more freedom in choosing the courses they

want to study.

A. would

B. would like

C. might

D. ought to

7. You ______ wear jeans to school. It’s not suitable.

A. should

B. ought to

C. should not

D. ought to not

8. Excuse me, ______ you please tell me when the next bus comes?

A. shall

B. may

C. would

D. should

9. You ______ ask for permission before going inside the room.

A. have got to

B. will

C. would

D. might

10. The exhibition is free for all students. We ______ pay any fee.

A. must not

B. should not

C. had better not

D. haven’t got to

11. You ______ eat those mushrooms. They’re very dangerous.

A. should not

B. don’t have to

C. may not

D. could not

12. You ______ see the doctor soon. I think you may get H1N1.

A. could

B. must

C. would

D. can

13. Is that Tom over there? ~ No. It ______ be him. He’s not that all.

A. shouldn’t

B. might not

C. can’t

D. won’t

14. They are doing very hard on their project. It ______ be very important to them.

A. should

B. could

C. must

D. would

15. Hopefully, he ______ walk again after the operation tomorrow.

A. can

B. must

C. will

D. will be able

to

16. She has a linguistic ability; she ____________speak five languages.

A. must

B. can

C. used to

D. should

17. He has failed the test again. He ____________ be very sad.

A. can

B. will

C. would

D. must

18. You ____________ explain that again because I understand everything now.

A. needn’t

B. can’t

C. would rather

D. mustn’t

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19. Take this umbrella with you because it ______________rain this evening

A. must

B. may

C. can

D. shall

20. As students, you ______________ show your disrespect to your teachers.

A. must

B. should

C. mustn’t

D. needn’t

21. He _______________ work very hard, he is a millionaire.

A. hasn’t to

B. mustn’t

C. doesn’t have to

D. not has to

22. I_____________ ride a bicycle when I was only 6 years old.

A. could

B. might

C. should

D. must

23. All I know is that he _______________ be very wealthy man

A. used to

B. could

C. ought to

D. should

24. I ________________do that again. It’s my promise.

A. mustn’t

B. can’t

C. needn’t

D. won’t

25. You ___________have been absent from that important session.

A. mightn’t

B. wouldn’t

C. shouldn’t

D. mustn’t

26. The firemen _________________ put out the fire in just half an hour.

A. could

B. needn’t have

C. would

D. were able to

27. You ______________ do it now, and do not argue.

A. must

B. need

C. are going to

D. may

28. _____________ we go shopping this evening?

That’s a good idea

A. Will

B. Shall

C. Might

D. Must

29. I’ve no idea why the car _________________ start. What a nuisance!

A. doesn’t

B. won’t

C. mustn’t

D. shouldn’t

30. She _______________ have been the one who caused the damage, I think. She was not home

then

A. must

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. can’t

REVIEW 2

1) A lot of things ________________ to the house before we can move in.

A. need be doing B. need to be done C. need being done D. need to do
2) I’ll get my brother ______________ the heating.

A. fix B. to fix C. for fixing D.fixing

3) You ______________come with us if you don’t want to.

A. must B haven’t to

C. aren’t supposed to D. don’t have to

4) When he arrived,a crowd ______________ for several hours to greet him.
A. had been waiting B. is waiting

C. has been waiting D. was waiting

5) She’s just bought a brand new car, so she ____________ be able to drive.

A. can’t B. must C. won’t D. used to

6) ____________________ she was an hour late, she didn’t apologize

A.In spite of B. However C. Even though D. Because
7) They don’t like him at all. He treats them _______________ they were children.

A. as if B. in case C. if only D. although

8) There was a terrible _______on Highway 10 this morning. Five vehicles were involved.

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9) The religious wedding _________________takes place in a church.

A. performance B. marriage C. ceremony D. engagement
10) I’m really _______________ to the party. All my old friends will be there

A. appreciating B. thinking about C. enjoying D. looking forward

11) The hotel was so awful that we wrote a letter of ____________ to the travel agency when we got back
home.

A. thanks B. complaint C. relief D. warning

12) You can’t ___________________ on him at all. He never does what he says he’ll do.

A.tolerate B.rely C. collaborate D. arrange
13) It’s much too expensive. We can’t possibly ________ it

A. pay B. cost C. afford D. cope

14) _ I think he’s really good live performer, and his songs are excellent
_ _____________ you can’t hear the words because the music is too loud.

A. The trouble is B. In fact

C. On the whole D. What’s more

15) Hard work can often make _______________ for lack of intelligence.

A. into B.in C. as D. up

16) The forest fire went ____________ after three weeks.

A.along B. through C. out D. away

17) The experts were not fully ____________ that the animal was becoming extinct.
A. convinced B. believed C. realized D. discovered
18) Men are better suited ____________ harder work.

A. for B. to C. in D. with

19) He opened the letter without ___________ to read the address on the envelope.
A. worrying B. caring C. fearing D. bothering

20) I am very __________ in the information you have given me.

A. concerned B. surprised C. worried D. interested

21) The computer, the memory capacity__________ has just been upgraded, is among the latest
generations.

A. that B. whose C. of which D. which of

22) Your friendly attitude makes ___________ for you to socialize.

A. its easy B. easier it C. it easier D. it more easily
23) __________ students in this class have trouble finding time to work out.

A.Mostly all B. Many of C. Few D. A great deal of
24) No – one in our class _______ his opinion.

A.agrees with B. agree to C. agrees to D. agree with
25) ____________ will they return us the book?

_ May be in a week’s time.

A. How fast B. How come C. How long D. How soon
26) One of the major recent ____________ is the development of laser in medical treatment.

A. accomplishments B. accomplishment

C. accomplisher D. accomplished

27) This is a_____________ measure to cope with the probem.

A. weighty B. underweight C. overweight D. weightless

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COMPARISONS

1. So sánh bằng (Equality)

Cấu trúc:

Khẳng định (positive): S + V + as + adj/adv + as + N/pronoun

Phủ định (negative): S + V + not + so/as + adj/adv + N/Pronoun

Ví dụ:

She is as beautiful as her sister
He is as stupid as his friend

2. So sánh hơn (Comparative)

Tính từ ngắn (Short Adj):S + V + adj/adv + er + than + N/pronoun 
Tính từ dài (Long Adj): S + V + more + adj/adv + than + N/pronoun

Ví dụ:

He is taller than his father.

She speak English more fluently than her friend.

Bảng một số tính từ so sánh đặc biệt cần nhớ

3. So sánh hơn nhất (Superlative)

Tính từ ngắn (Short adj):S + V + the + adj/adv + est + N/pronoun
Tính từ dài (Long adj):S + V + the most + adj/adv + N/pronoun.
Ví dụ:

She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
This is the longest river in the world.

Chú ý:

- Những tính từ ngắn kết thúc bằng một phụ âm mà ngay trước nó là ngun âm duy nhất thì chúng ta
nhân đôi phụ âm lên rồi thêm "er" trong so sánh hơn và "est" trong so sánh nhất.(ex:hot-->hotter/hottest)
- Những tính từ có hai vần,kết thúc bằng chữ "y" thì đổi "y" thành "i" rồi thêm "er" trong so sánh hơn và
"est" trong so sánh nhất(ex:happy-->happier/happiest)

- Những tính từ/trạng từ đọc từ hai âm trở lên gọi là tính từ dài,một âm gọi là tính từ ngắn.Tuy nhiên,một số
tính từ có hai vần nhưng kết thúc bằng "le","et","ow","er"vẫn xem là tính từ ngắn (ví dụ: slow--> slower)

4. So sánh dạng gấp nhiều lần (Multiple Numbers Comparison)

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Ở dạng so sánh này, chúng ta sẽ sử dụng so sánh bằng và phải xác định được danh từ là đếm được
hay không đếm được.

Cấu trúc: S + V + multiple numbers + as + much/many/adj/adv + (N) + as + N/pronoun. 
Ví dụ:

The bicycle costs three times as much as the other one.
Mary types twice as fast as I do.

Lưu ý: twice that many/twice that much = gấp đôi ngần ấy... chỉ được dùng trong văn

nói, khơng được dùng trong văn viết. 
Ví dụ:

We have expected 80 people at that rally, but twice that many showned up. (twice as many as that
number).

5. So sánh kép (Double comparison): 
Mẫu câu 1:

The + comparative + S + V + the + comparative + S + V 
Ví dụ: The sooner you take your medicince, the better you will feel 
Mẫu câu 2:

The more + S + V + the + comparative + S + V 
Ví dụ: The more you study, the smarter you will become 
Mẫu câu 3: Đối với cùng một tính từ:

Short adj:S + V + adj + er + and + adj + er 
Long adj:S + V + more and more + adj 
Ví dụ: The weather gets colder and colder 
6. So Sánh hơn kém không dùng “than”

Phải có “the” trước tính từ hoặc trạng từ so sánh. Chú ý phân biệt với so sánh hơn nhất. Thường 
trong câu sẽ có cụm từ “of the two+noun”

Ví dụ:

Harvey is the smarter of the two boys

Of the two books, this one is the more interesting

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PRACTICE (SPECIAL COMPARISON)

1. _ you study for these exams, _ you will do.

a. The harder / the better

b. The more / the much

c. The hardest / the best

d. The more hard / the more good

2. My neighbor is driving me mad! It seems that _ it is at night, _ he plays his

music!

a. the less / the more loud

b. the less / less

c. the more late / the more loudlier

d. the later / the louder

3. Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become _______.

a. more and more good

b. better and better

c. the more and more good

d. gooder and gooder

4. The Sears Tower is _______ building in Chicago.

a. taller

b. the more tall

c. the tallest

d. taller and taller

5. Petrol is _______ it used to.

a. twice as expensive as

b. twice expensive more than

c. twice more than expensive

d. more expensive than twice

6. Peter is _______ John.

a. younger and more intelligent than

b. more young and intelligent than

c. more intelligent and younger than

d. the more intelligent and younger than

7. San Diego is town in Southern California.

a. more nice and nice

b. the nicer

c. the nicest

d. nicer and

nicer

8. It gets _______ when the winter is coming.

a. cold and cold b. the coldest and coldest

c. colder and colder d. more and more cold

9. Robert does not have _______ Peter does.

a. money more than

b. as many money as c. more money as

d. as much money as

10. The Mekong Delta is _______ deltas in Vietnam.

a. the largest of the two

b. the more larger of the two

c. one of the two largest

d. one of the two larger

11. As she did so, her parents became _______.

a. the angriest

b. the most angry

c. the more angry

d. angrier and angrier

12. People should eat and do to reduce the risk of heart disease.

a. less fat / more exercise

b. less and less fat / the more exercise

c. the less fat / the more exercise

d. fatter / more exercise

13. He spent a year in India and loves spicy food. _ the food is, _ he likes it.

a. The hotter / the more and more

b. The hotter / the more

c. The more and more hot / the more d. The hottest / the most

14. Of course you can come to the party. _______.

a. The more, the merrier

b. The more and the merrier

c. The more and merrier

d. The more and more merrier

15. I feel _______ I did yesterday.

a. much more tired than b. many more tired than

c. as many tired as

d. as more tired

as

16. She is _______ a spectator.

a. more an athlete than

b. more of an athlete than

c. an athlete more than

d. an athlete of more than

17. His house is _______ mine.

a. twice as big as

b. as twice big as

c. as two times big as

d. as big as

twice

18. ____ live in Ho Chi Minh City than in the whole of the rest of the country.

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c. difficult more and more

d. more and more difficult

20. You must drive slower in built up areas. _ you drive in the city, it is _ that you

will have an accident.

a. The faster and faster / the more

b. The faster / the more

probable

c. The more and more fast / the more and more probable

d. The more fastly / the

probable

21. The party was _______ I had expected.

a. more a hundred times fun than

b. a hundred times as fun as

c. a hundred times more fun than

d. as fun as a hundred times

22. He finds physics _______ other science subjects.

a. far more difficult than

b. many more difficult than

c. too much more difficult than d. more much difficult than

23. _ he drank, _ he became.

a. More / more violent

b. The most / the most violent

c. The more / the more violent d. The less / less violent

24. Mary was _______ of the two sisters.

a. the clever

b. as clever as

c. the cleverer

d. the cleverest

25. French is a _______ language to learn than English is.

a. difficult

b. more difficult

c. most difficult

d. more and more

difficult

26. The cuisine of France is _______.

a. more famous than that of England

b. famous than the cuisine of England

c. more famous than which of England d. as famous than that of England

27. Earning money has always been the thing that pleases him most. _______ he becomes,

______ he is.

a. The more rich / the more happy

b. The richest / the happiest

c. The richer / the happier

d. Richer and richer / happier and happier

28. The faster we finish, _______.

a. the sooner we can leave

b. we can leave sooner and sooner

c. the sooner can we leave

d. we can leave the sooner

29. Of all athletes, Alex is _______.

a. the less qualified

b. the less and less qualified

c. the more and more qualified

d. the least qualified

30. The climber was seventy miles in the wrong direction and got _______.

a. more panicked

b. the more panicked

c. more than panicked

d. more and more panicked

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CONJUNCTIONS & ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

* Adverb clauses are introduced by Subordinating conjunctions (WHEN, WHERE, AS,
THOUGH, BECAUSE, IF, etc…)

* The Adverb clause modifies a Verb, an Adjective, or an Adverb in some other clause.
- They fought as heroes do. (modifying the verb FIGHT)

- It’s later than you think. (modifying the Adjective LATE)

- He worked so hard that he fell ill. (modifying the Adverb HARD)
* There are NINE kinds of Adverb clauses.

1. Adverb clause of TIME

+ Introduced by WHEN, WHENEVER, WHILE, AS, AS SOON AS, UNTIL, SINCE, BEFORE,
AFTER, BY THE TIME.

+ The Future tenses are not used in these clauses.
- I shall do it when I have time.

- All things are difficult before they are easy.
2. Adverb clause of PLACE

+ Introduced by WHERE, WHEREVER, AS FAR AS, AS NEAR AS, WHENCE.
- You may sit where you like.

- I’ll follow you as far as you go.
3. Adverb clause of MANNER

+ Introduced by AS, AS IF, AS THOUGH.

- Everything was carried out as we had planned.
- He behaves as if he were a king.

4. Adverb clause of CAUSE (or REASON)

+ Introduced by BECAUSE, SINCE, AS, NOW THAT, SEEING THAT.
- Let’s go to bed, as it is now late.

- Because he was lazy, he lost his job
5. Adverb clause of RESULT.

+ Introduced by SO… THAT, SUCH… THAT.
- He worked so hard that he fell ill.

(- Nothing more was heard of him, so that people thought he was dead.)
6. Adverb clause of PURPOSE

+ Introduced by THAT, SO THAT, IN ORDER THAT, LEST, FOR FEAR (THAT)
- Speak clearly, so that they can understand you.

- We worked carefully, lest we should make mistakes.
7. Adverb clause of CONCESSION (or CONTRAST)

+ Introduced by ALTHOUGH, THOUGH, EVEN THOUGH, HOWEVER, (+ Adjective /
Adverb), NO MATTER (HOW / WHAT / WHEN) WHATEVER, WHETHER… OR NOT)

- Though he is poor, he is honest

- He is never satisfied, no matter how hard I work.
8. Adverb clause of COMPARISON

+ Introduced by AS … AS, NOT SO (SUCH)… AS, - ER… THAN, MORE… THAN, LESS…
THAN.

+ The Verb or both the Subject and the Verb may be omitted from these clauses.
- She sang less beautifully than I expected.

- He likes you more than (the likes) me
9. Adverb clause of CONDITION

+ Introduced by IF, IF ONLY, IN CASE, SO LONG AS, UNLESS, PROVIDING, PROVIDED,

ON CONDITION THAT

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- Were he here, he would help me

NOTE: See the lesson on THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES on pages 37, 38 and 39 for more
information on the use of tenses in these clauses.

A GENERAL NOTE

The same clause may be a Noun clause in one sentence, an Adjective clause in another,
and an Adverb clause in another. This entirely depends on its function in the sentence.

- Where the treasure was hidden is still unknown
(Noun clause)

- No one has found the place where the treasure was hidden.
(Adjective clause)

- They stopped where the treasure was hidden without knowing it.
(Adverb clause)

PRACTICE

1) I cut myself ____________ I was shaving.

A. while B. until C. during D. by the time

2) You’ll see my house ___________ you cross the street.

A. because B. where C. when D. although

3) He just had to apologize _________________ he knew he had made a mistake.
A. before B. wherever C. due to D. because
4) I often fell tried _______________ I get up in the morning.

A. although B. so long as C. when D. while
5) No sooner had he come home _______________ he knew he had dropped his wallet.

A. when B. after C. than D. then

6) _______________ the church service, people keep quiet.

A.While B. During C. When D. As

7) _____________ in doubt about taking the medicine, consult your doctor.

A. As B. Though C. As soon as D. When

8) She hasn’t received a single letter from him _____________ they both left school.

A. as B. because C. since D. now that

9) _________________ I am aware, this is the last on the topiC.

A. Where B. As long as C. Since D. As far as
10) He wouldn’t have failed his exams _______________ he hadn’t been ill.

A. unless B. in case C. if D. although

11) What will you do when you ______________ away for the weekend?

A.go B. went C. will do D. going

12) _______________ he gets home before us and can’t get in?

A.If B. What if C. If only D. Unless

13) ______________ you change your mind, I won’t be able to help you.

A. If only B. Because C. Unless D. Provided
14) _________________ you keep it in good condition, I’ll lend you my car.

A. So long as B. Although C. Because D. While
15) Fail to pay the bill _____________ they will cut off the electricity.

A. unless B. and C. so D. if

16) If a driver _________________ suddenly on a wet road, he will skid.

A.braked B. braking C. brakes D. will brake
17) If I saw a tiger walking past me, I ________________ a tree

A. climb B. will climb C. would climb D. had to climb
18) It is such an important matter _______________ I can’t decide anything about it myself.

A.so B. because C. that D. if

19) He hid that letter in a drawer ____________ no one could read it

A. so that B. although C. because D. than

20) _______________ Tom was unable to see anything, he knew some one was in his room.

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A.Because B. In case C. If D. Even though
21) ______________ other workers’ constant objection, the director dimissed the worker.

A. Because B. Because of C. Although D. In spite of
22) No one else in the class plays the guitar _____________ John.

A. as well B. as far as C. so well as D. as soon as
23) The town was nearer ___________ we thought it would be

A. then B. that C. as. D. than

24) ____________ some scientists use lasers for military purposes, others use them in medicine.

A. When B. While C.Until D. However

25) It seems ______________ those students hadn’t learnt this grammar point before.
A. so that B. as if C. such that D. even though
26) He doesn’t seem to be successful______________ hard he works.

A. whatever B. although C. because D. however
27) They were disqualified _______________ they fought to the last minute.

A. as B. since C. though D. once

28) The teacher explained the lesson twice __________ the students understood it clearly.
A. as long as B. so that C. because D. as if
29) Peter looks ________ he hadn’t been able to sleep for some time.

A. as though B. as for C. as well as D. as far as
30) Huong didn’t participate in the contest ____________ her lack of confidence.

A.because B. because of C. since D. despite
31) Our house is far older of all the other houses in the neighborhood.

A B C D

32) The spectators left at halftime although they felt so bored with the match.
A B C D

33) I think you should take the raincoat with you in case of it rains hard this afternoon.
A B C D

34) Unless salaries are not raised, many employees will consider looking for work elsewhere.
A B C D
35) If there weren’t the sun, life on the earth will be out of the question.

A B C D
36) If there is a fire, you should phone number 114

A. The phone number of the fire brigade is 114 if necessary
B. In case of fire, phone number 114.

C. You should phone number 114 in case there is a fire
D. Please, phone number 114 because there is a fire
37) The tennis racquet was more expensive than I had expected

A. I hadn’t expected the tennis racquet to be so expensive.

B. I had expected the tenis racquet was more expensive.
C. My expectation was to buy a more expensive tennis racquet
D. The tennis racquet was not so expensive as I had expected
38) She wasn’t paying attention; that was why she burnt her finger.

A. If she had been paying no attention, she might not have burnt her finger.
B. Because she had been paying attention, she might not have burnt her finger.
C. Had she been paying attention, she might not have burnt her finger.

D. If she had been paying attention, she wouldn’t burn her finger.
39) He is poor, but he leads a dignified life

A. Being poor, he must lead a dignified life.
B. He lives a dignified life despite his poverty
C. His poverty leads to a dignified life.
D. He leads the poor to a dignified life.

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B. If you return the car to me before 8, you can’t use it.

C. You and I can take turns to use my car before 8 this evening.

D. Provided that you return my car before 8 this evening, you can use it

MORE PRACTICE

13. Although his legs were broken, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded.
A. Despite his legs to be broken, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded.
B. Despite his broken legs, he was able to get out of the car before exploding.

C. Despite his legs were broken, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded.

D. Despite his broken legs, he was able to get out of the car before it exploded.
14. I haven’t eaten this kind of food before.

A. This is the first time I’ve eaten this kind of food.
B. I haven’t eaten this kind of food already.

C. This is the first kind of food I have eaten.
D. Even before I have not eaten this kind of food.

15. After fighting the fire for 12 hours, the firemen succeeded in putting it out.
A. The firemen managed in vain to put the fire out after a 12-hour fight.
B. Fighting the fire for 12 hours, the firemen were able to put it out.
C. The firemen wasted 12 hours putting the fire out.

D. Fighting the fire for 12 hours, the fire was put out.

16. The architect has drawn plans for an extension to the house.

A. Plans have been drawn for an extension to the house by the architect.
B. The house has had its plans for an extension drawn by the architect.
C. Plans for an extension to the house have been drawn by the architect.
D. The architect has had the plans drawn for an extension to the house.
17. I don’t have enough money with me now; otherwise I would buy that coat.

A. If I didn’t have enough money with me now, I would buy that coat.
B. If I had enough money with me now, I would buy that coat.

C. If I had enough money with me now, I wouldn’t buy that coat.
D. If I didn’t have enough money now, I wouldn’t buy that coat.
18. That expression on his face has some meaning.

A. That expression on his face is meaningless.
B. That expression on his face means.

C. That expression on his face is means.
D. That expression on his face is meaningful.
19. She is too weak; she can’t sit up and talk to you.

A. If she weren’t too weak, she could sit up and talk to you.
B. If she hadn’t been too weak, she could sit up and talk to you.
C. If she isn’t too weak, she can sit up and talk to you.

D. If she wasn’t too weak, she can sit up and talk to you.
20. Bad habits can do harm to our health.

A. Bad habits cannot be harmful to our health.
B. Bad habits can be harmful to our health.
C. Bad habits can be harmless to our health.
D. Bad habits can be harmful with our health.

21. The scientists succeeded in finding a vaccine for that disease.
A. The scientists were able to find a vaccine for that disease.
B. The scientists were finding a vaccine for that disease.

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C. The scientists should have found a vaccine for that disease.
D. The scientists couldn’t find a vaccine for that disease.
22. He has never driven such a luxurious car before.

A. This car is the most luxurious car he has.

B. This is the first time he has driven such a luxurious car.
C. This is the first time he drives such a luxurious car.
D. This is the first car he has driven in such a luxurious car.
23. We haven’t written to each other for two months.

A. It is two months that we wrote to each other.
B. It is two months since we wrote together.

C. There are two months for us to write to each other.
D. It is two months since we last wrote to each other.
24. When did Mike start learning French?

A. How long has Mike started to learn French?
B. How long ago has Mike started to learn French?
C. How long has Mike been learning French?
D. How long was Mike starting to learn French?
25. The film will end when you have finished dinner.

A. By the time you finish dinner, the film will have ended.
B. By the time you have finished dinner, the film will have end.
C. You finish dinner, and then the film will end.

D. By the time you finishing dinner, the film will have ended.
26. The last time I saw him was in June, 2004.

A. I have seen him since June, 2004. B. I have not seen him since June, 2004.
C. I didn’t see him since June, 2004. D. I saw him since June, 2004.

27. Music interests her greatly.

A. She takes a great interest in music. B. She given a great interest in music.
C. She has a great interest in music. D. Music is interested to her greatly.
28. He is proud of being the captain of the national football team.

A. He prides himself on being the captain of the national football team.
B. Being the captain of the national football team prides him.

C. He gives a pride in being the captain of the national football team.
D. The captain of the national football team is proud of him.

29. He couldn’t come to the conference because he was seriously ill.
A. Because of his serious illness, he couldn’t come to the conference.
B. Although he was ill, he came to the conference.

C. His illness was very serious that he couldn’t come to the conference.
D. He couldn’t come to the conference, so he became seriously ill.
30. Man has never had such efficient servants as computers.

A. The most efficient servants of computers are man.

B. Man is the most efficient servant computers have ever had.
C. Computers are the most efficient servants man has ever had.
D. The most efficiently computers arte man’s servants.

31. The story of her hard life was painful to listen to.
A. The painful story was what she listened to.
B. Her hard life was painfully told to people.

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32. If there is a fire, you should phone number 114.

A. The phone number of the fire brigade is 114 if necessary.
B. In case of fire, phone number 114.

C. You should phone number 114 in case there is a fire.
D. Please, phone number 114 because there is a fire.

33. The tennis racquet was more expensive than I had expected.
A. I hadn’t expected the tennis racquet to be so expensive.
B. I had expected the tennis racquet was more expensive.
C. My expectation was to buy a more expensive tennis racquet.
D. The tennis racquet was not so expensive as I had expected.
34. She wasn’t paying attention; that was why she burnt her finger.

D. If she had been paying attention, she wouldn’t burn her finger.
35. He is poor, but he leads a dignified life.

A. Being poor, he must lead a dignified life.
B. He lives a dignified life despite his poverty.
C. His poverty leads to a dignified life.

D. He leads the poor to a dignified life.

36. You can use my car, but return it to me before 8 this evening.
A. You can return my car when you finish using it at 8 this evening.
B. If you return the car to me before 8, you can’t use it.

C. You and I can take turns to use my car before 8 this evening.

D. Provided that you return my car before 8 this evening, you can use it.
37. You’d better reduce the amount of fat you take in every day.

A. You should eat more fat every day.

B. The amount of fat you take in is reduced well.

C. You ought to cut down on the amount of your everyday fat intake.
D. It is better for you to eat as much fat as you can every day.
38. He received good education from an early age.

A. When he was young he carried on with good education.
B. He was well brought up when he was young.

C. The younger he was the better educated he was.
D. Good education resulted in his active youth.
39. Don’t you think you have gained some weight?

A. Are you getting on well with your weight?
B. You have put on some weight, haven’t you?
C. You shouldn’t think about your weight, OK?

D. Don’t you think weight is something you have gained?
40. We can’t put up with the noise any longer.

A. We really can’t tolerate the noise any longer.
B. The noise is longer than what we can think about.
C. We can’t make noise much longer.

D. We are not able to stop the noise any longer.
41. Peter takes after his father in many ways.

A. Peter gives way to his father.

B. Peter looks very much like his father.

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C. Peter takes his father away many times.
D. Peter hardly resembles his father.

Trắ

c nghiệm gợi ý phần VIẾT LẠI CÂU (SGD)

1. People think that all dogs evolved from wolves.

a. All dogs are thought to evolve from wolves.

b. It is thought that all dogs evolve from wolves.

c. All dogs are thought to have evolved from wolves.

d. It was thought that all dogs evolved from wolves.

2. He was overconfident and ruined our plan completely.

a. It was his overconfidence ruined our plan completely.

b. He was overconfident, which ruined our plan completely.

c. That he was overconfidence ruined our plan completely.

d. If he had been overconfident, he would have ruined our plan completely.

3. When we asked the Minister about the strike, he declined to comment.

a. On asking about the strike, the Minister declined to comment.

b. When asked about the strike, the minister declined to comment.

c. Declining to comment when the Minister were asked about the strike.

d. Declining to comment, the Minister asked about the strike.

4. As the luggage was so heavy, we had to take a taxi.

a. We had to take a taxi because of the heavy luggage.

b. We had to take a taxi so that we can have heavy luggage.

c. Although the luggage was heavy, we took a taxi.

d. We had to take a taxi, so we had heavy luggage.

5. Apples are usually cheaper than oranges.

a. Oranges are usually the most expensive.

b. Oranges are usually more expensive as apples.

c. Apples are not usually as expensive as oranges.

d. Apples are usually less cheap than oranges.

6. I was offered to work for IBM, but I rejected.

a. I turned down the offer to work for IBM.

b. I rejected to offer to work for IBM.

c. IBM refused my offer to work.

d. I was refused by IBM at work.

7. We could not handle the situation without you.

a. You didn’t help us handle the situation.

b. If you had not helped us, we could not have handled the situation.

c. If you did not help us, we could not handle the situation.

d. We will handle the situation if you help.

8. It has not rained for a fortnight.

a. It is a fortnight since it last rained.

b. It is a fortnight since it has rained.

c. It rained for a fortnight.

d. The last time it rained is a fortnight ago.

9. "You've broken my radio, Tom," said Janet.

A. Janet accused Tom to break her radio.

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10. It isn't necessary to book tickets for the play in advance.

A. You have to book tickets for the play in advance.

B. Booking tickets for the play in advance is in need.

C. You don't need to book tickets for the play in advance.

D. Booking tickets for the play in advance is necessary.

11. "Why don't you wait by the bookstore, Mike?" said David.

A. David suggested that Mike waited by the bookstore.

B. David suggested Mike to wait by the bookstore.

C. David suggested Mike waiting by the bookstore.

D. David suggested that Mike have waited by the bookstore.

12. The engine of the car needs cleaning once a month.

A. The engine of the car needs to clean once a week.

B. To clean once a month, you need the engine of the car.

C. Cleaning the engine of the car needs once a month.

D. The engine of this car has to be cleaned once a month.

13. Although the weather changed, the trip went ahead as planned.

A. Despite of a change in the weather, the trip went ahead as planned.

B. The trip went ahead as planned in spite of a change in the weather.

C. In spite of the trip went ahead as planned, the weather changed.

D. Because of a weather change, the trip went ahead as planned.

14. John is now getting along with his mother-in-law.

a. John is now going side by side with his mother-in-law.

b. John and his mother-in-law are very well now.

c. John is now having a good relationship with his mother-in-law.

d. John has some problems with his mother-in-law.

15. In addition to her financial contribution, she helped with the administrative

work of the club.

a. She gave money to the club. Besides, she did the administrative work.

b. Whereas she helped financially, she helped with the administrative work

of the club.

c. She contributed to the finance of the club; in contrast, she worked as an

administrator.

d. She helped with the administrative work of the club but she

16. We expected bad weather and it was so.

a. The weather got very bad as we had expected.

b. The weather was very bad as if we had expected.

c. The weather was very bad like we had expected.

d. The weather was very bad though we had expected.

17. John always eats bread and butter for breakfast and he did the same this

morning.

a. This morning John had bread and butter for breakfast like usual.

b. Like he always does, John had bread and butter for breakfast this

morning.

c. This morning John had bread and butter for breakfast as if he always

does.

d. This morning John ate bread and butter for breakfast as usual.

18. Even though she has promised to help, she is now trying to avoid doing it.

a. She has promised. Moreover, she is now trying to avoid it.

b. In spite of having promised, she is now trying to get along with it.

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c. She has promised, yet she is now trying to get out.

d. Despite her promise, she is now trying to get out of it.

19. “I’d rather be on the beach than be in class,” said Mike.

A. Mike said he liked the beach and his class.

B. Mike preferred to be on the beach rather than in class.

C. Mike wanted to be both on the beach and in class.

D. Mike would be better to be on the beach than in class.

20. “Take a seat and I’ll make you a cup of coffee,” said Peter.

A. Peter invited me to drink coffee on a chair.

B. Peter asked me to sit down and to make a cup of coffee.

C. Peter asked me to be seated and offered me a cup of coffee.

D. Peter brought me a seat and made me a cup of coffee.

21. Nadal defeated Federer, which was not a surprise to anyone.

A. No-one was not surprised to see Nadal defeat Federer.

B. It was not surprising to see Nadal defeated Federer.

C. It came as no surprise to see Nadal defeat Federer.

D. Doubtlessly, Nadal would defeat Federer.

22. Such is the pollution of the environment that we have to do something

about it.

A. We have to do something about the pollution of the environment.

B. We have to do nothing about the pollution of the environment.

C. It’s a need for the environment to be unpolluted.

D. We should have the environment protected from pollution.

23. It may cost you more, so you should bring a lot of money with you.

A.Bringing a lot of money with you in case it costs you more.

B. Should you bring a lot of money with you in case it costs you more.

C.Bring a lot of money with you in case it will cost you more.

D. Bring a lot of money with you in case it costs you more.

24. Beijing is threatened by sand storms every year.

A. Beijing poses a threat to sand storms every year.

B. Every year sand storms is threatening Beijing.

C. storms send sand threat to Beijing annually

D. Beijing is under threat of sand storms every year.

25. Before Doi Moi, inflation was present in all branches of the national economy

A.Doi Moi presented inflation in front of all branches of the national

economy.

B.The national economy had many branches inflating Doi Moi policy.

C.Prior to Doi Moi, all branches of the economy suffered inflation.

D.Before Doi Moi, inflation was rare in all branches of the national economy.

26. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed.

A. Some books must be tasted before swallowing them.

B. Some books are for you to taste, others to swallow.

C. You should taste some books to swallow them.

D. While some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed.

27. The most important thing in SEA Games is sportsmanship.

A.It is sportsmanship that matters in SEA Games.

B. SEA Games give the idea of the importance of sportsmanship.

C. All sportsmen are important in SEA Games.

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REVIEW 3

PART 1:

1) He had hardly left the office when the phone rang.

A. No sooner had he left the office than the phone rang.

B. No sooner he had left the office than the phone rang.

C. No sooner he had left the office when the phone rang.

D. No sooner he did left the office than the phone rang.

2) “Don’t do that! Are you mad” she said to me

A. She told me not do that and asked me if I was mad.

B. She told me don’t do that and asked me if I was mad

C. She told me not to do that and asked me if I was mad

D. She told me not do that and asked me if I am mad

3) People rumoured that he had died in the battle.

A. He was rumoured to die in the battle.

B. He was rumoured to be died in the battle.

C. He was rumoured to has died in the battle.

D. He was rumoured to have died in the battle

4) After four years abroad, he returned home as an excellent engineer.

A. After he studied for four years abroad, he returned home as an excellent engineer.

B. After he had studied for four years abroad, he returned home as an excellent engineer.

C. After he studied for four years abroad, he had returned home as an excellent engineer.

D. After he has studied for four years abroad, he returned home as an excellent engineer.

5) She urged her sister to write the reply letter and accept the invitation.

A. She urged that her sister should write the reply letter and accept the invitaion.

B. She urger her sister should write the reply letter and accept the invitation.

C. She urger her sister writing the reply letter and accept the invitation.

D. She urged her sister for writing the reply letter and accept the invitation.

6) You may be very intelligent, but you should be careful about this.

A. No matter what intelligent you may be, you should be careful about this.

B. No matter why intelligent you may be, you should be careful about this.

C. No matter whatever intelligent you may be, you should be careful about this.

D. No matter how intelligent you may be, you should be careful about this.

7) In spite of heavy rain, my brother went to work.

A. In spite it rained heavily, my brother went to work.

B. Although it rained heavily, my brother went to work.

C. Despite it rained heavily, my brother went to work.

D. Although of heavy rain, my brother went to work.

8) There was never any answer when we rang.

A. Every time we rang, there hadn’t been any answer.

B. Every time we rang, there wasn’t any answer.

C. Every time we rang, there isn’t any answer.

D. Every time we rang, there hasn’t been any answer.

9) She can meet you if you arrive by ten.

A. So long as you arrive by ten, she can meet you.

B. Unless you arrive by ten, she can meet you.

C. In spite you arrive by ten, she can meet you.

D. Although you arrive by ten, she can meet you

10) Hung said that whatever happened, it was Hoa’s fault.

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B. Hung blamed Hoa on what had happened.

C. Hung blamed Hoa of what had happened.

D. Hung blamed Hoa for what had happened.

11) She is so busy that she can’t come to the party.

A. If she was not busy she must come to the party.

B. If she was not busy she could come to the party.

C. If she was not busy she need to come to the party.

D. If she was not busy she should come to the party.

12) John asked Laura: “Can I borrow some money?”

A. John asked Laura if she could lend him some money.

B. John asked Laura if she would have lent him some money.

C. John asked Laura if she had lend him some money.

D. John asked Laura if she has lend him some money.

13) He said: “I’m sorry I didn’t reply to the letter.”

A. He apologized for not to reply to the letter.

B. He apologized for not to replying to the letter.

C. He apologized for didn’t reply to the letter.

D. He apologized for not replying to the letter.

14) “Oh! Don’t complain all the time!”

A. I wish you won’t complain all the time!

B. I wish you don’t complain all the time!

C. I wish you wouldn’t complain all the time!

D. I wish you didn’t complain all the time!

15) He bought his car four years ago.

A. He has had his car four years ago.

B. He had his car four years ago.

C. He has had his car for four years.

D. He has his car four years ago.

16) It’s three months since she started learning English.

A. She has been learning English for three months.

B. She had been learning English for three months.

C. She had learning English for three months.

D. She is learning English for three months.

17) I’m stressed because I have so much work to do.

A. I wish I don’t have so much work to do.

B. I wish I hadn’t had so much work to do.

C. I wish I didn’t have so much work to do.

D. I wish I haven’t had so much work to do.

18) I haven’t got enough money, so I’m not going on holiday.

A. If I have enough money I would go on holiday.

B. If I had enough money I would go on holiday.

C. If I had had enough money I would go on holiday.

D. If I have had enough money I would go on holiday.

19) She said:” I’ll call the police if you don’t leave immediately!”

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A. He made a lot of errors in his essay.

B. He makes a lot of errors in his essay.

C. He had made a lot of errors in his essay.

D. He has made a lot of errors in his essay.

21) She turned the radio on at 7.30. She was still listening to it when her mother came home at

9.00. A. She has been listening to the radio at 7.30

B. She has been listening to the radio since 7.30

C. She has been listening to the radio after 7.30

D. She has been listening to the radio by 7.30

22) She knows a lot more about it than I do.

A. I don’t know as much about it as she does.

B. I don’t know as much about it as she did.

C. I didn’t know as much about it as she does.

D. I didn’t know as much about it as she did.

23) The moon doesn’t have the atmosphere, neither does the planet Mars.

A. Neither the moon or the planet Mars has the atmosphere.

B. Either the moon nor the planet Mars has the atmosphere.

C. Neither the moon nor the planet Mars has the atmosphere.

D. Either the moon or the planet Mars has the atmosphere.

24) The referee was being escorted from the football field by strong police guards.

A. Strong police guards were escorting the referee at the football field.

B. Strong police guards were escorting the referee into the football field.

C. Strong police guards were escorting the referee from the football field.

D. Strong police guards were escorting the referee towards the football field.

25) The bank manager turned down his request for a home loan.

A. His request for a home loan was turned down by the bank manager.

B. His request for a home loan was turned up by the bank manager.

C. His request for a home loan was turned upside down by the bank manager.

D. His request for a home loan was turned off by the bank manager.

26) Temperature is measured by a thermometer.

A. A thermometer is used to measure temperature.

B. A thermometer is used for measuring temperature.

C. A thermometer is used with measuring temperature.

D. A thermometer is used on measuring temperature.

27) They think that the owner of the house has gone abroad.

A. The owner of the house is thought to go abroad.

B. The owner of the house is thought to have been going abroad.

C. The owner of the house is thought to have been gone abroad.

D. The owner of the house is thought to have gone abroad.

28) My suit needs to be cleaned before the interview but I’m busy to do that.

A. I must have my suit cleaned before the inerview.

B. I must clean my suit before the inerview.

C. I must have my suit to be cleaned before the inerview.

D. I must have my suit cleans before the inerview.

29) What a pity I failed the entrance exam!

A. I wish I had passed the entrance exam.

B. I wish I have passed the entrance exam.

C. I wish I will passed the entrance exam.

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30) Maria eats very little so as not to put on weight.

A. Maria eats little very because she wants to lose weight.

B. Maria eats very little because she wants to lose weight.

C. Maria eats very little because she wants weight to lose.

D. Maria eats very little because lose weight she wants to.

31) “You’d better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth” said John.

A. Johns tells Elizabeth that she would better not lend him any more money.

B. Johns advised Elizaberth not to lend him any more money.

C. Johns advised Elizaberth that she had better not lend him any more money.

D. Johns said Elizabeth that she would better lend him any more money.

32) Your car might break down on the rough mountain road, so take plenty of spare parts

A. Take plenty of spare parts so your car will not brake down in rough mountain road.

B. In case your case break down in the rough mountain road, take much spare parts.

C. In case your case break down in the rough mountain road,spare parts are plentiful.

D. In case your car break down in the rough mountain road,take plenty of spare parts

33) “You stole my best cassette, Bob!” said Willy.

A. Willy accused Bob for having stolen his best cassette.

B. Willy accused Bob of having stolen his best cassette.

C. Willy accused Bob on having stolen his best cassette.

D. Willy accused Bob to have stolen his best cassette.

34) “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought Jane.

A. Jane wondered why she hadn’t got a computer in the previous time.

B. Jane wondered why she haven’t got a computer in the previous time.

C. Jane wondered why she didn’t get a computer in the previous time.

D. Jane wondered why not she got a computer in the previous time.

35) It is more than one hundred years since the birth of Charles Dicken, the famous Novelist.

A. It is more than one hundred years when Charles Dicken, the famous novelist, born

B. More than one hundred years ago, Charles Dicken, the famous born

C. Since Charles Dicken is a famous novelist, he was born more than a hundred years ago.

D. Charles Dicken, the famous novelist, was born more than one hundred years ago.

36) Without this treatment, that patient would have died.

A. If that patient didn’t followed this treatment he would have died.

B. If that patient had use this treatment he would have died.

C. If that patient hadn’t undergone this treatment he would have died.

D. If that patient haven’t undergone this treatment he would have died.

37) Lan didn’t apply for the job in the library and regets it now.

A. Lan wishes she had applied for the job in the library.

B. Lan wishes she have applied for the job in the library.

C. Lan wishes she has applied for the job in the library.

D. Lan wishes she applies for the job in the library.

38) He failed to find the source of the Mississippi River.

A. He didn’t succeed for finding the source of the Mississippi River.

B. He didn’t succeed in finding the source of the Mississippi River.

C. He didn’t succeed on finding the source of the Mississippi River.

D. He didn’t succeed to find the source of the Mississippi River.

39) Although she couldn’t speak English, Ngo decided to settle in Manchester.

A. Despite of speaking no English, Ngo decided to settle in Manchester.

B. Although no speaking English, ngo decided to settle in Manchester.

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D. Ngo decided to settle in Manchester even she did not speak English

40) The bread is so stale we can’t eat it.

A. The bread such stale that we can’t eat it.

B. We can’t eat the bread because of its stale.

C. The bread isn’t fresh enough to be eaten.

D. The bread isn’t enough fresh for us to eat.

PART 2:

1) The lack of orders from potential customers resulted in the closure of the firm

A. They had to close the firm in spite of lack of orders from potential customers.

B. As a result of the lack of orders from potential customers, they had to close the firm

C. The closure of the firm resulted in lack of orders from potential customers.

D. The firm had to close with a view to attracting orders from potential customers.

2) All I know about the plan is that they are going to sing the song together

A. As a matter of fact, they together planned the singing.

B. They are going to sing the song together as planned

C. As soon as they have planned the song, they will sing it together.

D. As far as I know, they are going to sing the song together.

3) I’d rather have listened to him in the first place.

A. I am sorry I have taken his advice in the first place.

B. He first gave me his advice and I took it immediately

C. I wish I had taken his advice in the first place.

D. If only I took his advice in the first place.

4) The prices have increased considerably in the past weeks.

A. There has been increasing consideration on the prices in the past weeks.

B. There has been a considerable increase in the prices in the past weeks.

C. They have considered increasing the prices in the past weeks.

D. It is their considered decision to increase the prices in the past weeks.

5) We don’t even know whether she’s still wealthy.

A. She is no longer a welthy woman, we think

B. Her wealth is beyond my knowledge now.

C. We don’t think she is wealth any longer.

D. For all we know she used to be a wealthy woman.

6) Please don’t talk so loudly while I’m studying

A. I’d rather not to talk so loudly while I’m studying

B. While studying, you shouldn’t talk so loudly.

C. I’d sooner you didn’t talk so loudly while I’m studying

7) All my friends disagreed with me.

A. None of my friends did not agree with me.

B. I disagreed with all of my friends.

C. Nobody among my friends agreed with me.

D. I was disagreed by all of my friends.

8) May I borrow your car tonight, dad?

A. Would you mind letting me drive your car tonight, dad ?

B. I’d like to lend you my car tonight, dad.

C. Shall I borrow your car tonight, dad?

D. You don’t lend me your car tonight, do you?

9) If you have finished your homework by midnight you can go to the party.

A. Unless you do to the party, you can’t finish your homework by midnight.

B. Having finished your homework by midnight, you will go to the party

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C. Unless you finish your homework by midnight, you can’t go to the party

D. The party is held at midnight when you have finished your homework.

10) He never has any successful results, even though he tries hard.

A. However successful he is, he never tries hard

B. His hard work results in his successful result.

C. He doesn’t seem to succeed in anything however hard he tries.

D. He never tries hard, so he never has any successful results

11) The teacher made his students work hard for the exam.

A. The students worked hard for the exam thanks to the teacher.

B. The teacher as well as his students worked hard for the exam.

C. The teacher examined his students before the exam

D. The students were made to work hard for the exam

12) People donated a lot,so the victims of the tsunami are now able to overcome difficulties.

A. But for people’s generous donation, the victims of the tsunami wouldn’t be able to

overcome difficulties now.

B. The victims of the tsunami are now able to overcome difficulties but for people’s donation.

C. Despite people’s generous donation, the victims of the tsunami are facing lots of

difficulties.

D. To overcome difficulties, the victims of the tsunami needed people’s generous donation.

13) She has always got on well with the children

A. She has always had poor relationship with the children.

B. She has always been on good terms with the children.

C. The children have always put up with her.

D. She is trying to establish a good relationship with the children

14) Julia didn’t listen to what her doctor told her

A. What the doctor told Julia was not worth listening to

B. Julia couldn’t hear what the doctor told her.

C. The doctor told Julia to listen to what he said, but she didn’t do so

D. Julia took no notice of what her doctor told her.

15) Please do not stop your work

A. Please, work nonstop.

B. Please, go on with your work.

C. Please, put a stop to your work.

D. Please, carry out your work now

THE PARTICIPLES

I. A Participial phrase should be placed as close as possible to the word it modifies. 
- I saw John sitting at my desk (John was sitting at my desk)

- Sitting at my desk, I saw John. (I was sitting at my desk)

II. A Participial phrase, besides modifying a Noun or Pronoun, can be used:

a) as an equivalent of an Independent clause, indicating an action performed at the same
time or immediately before the action of the Finite verb.

- Crowds stood outside the Palace, cheering the President.
(Crowds were standing… and they were cheering…)
- Opening a drawer, he took out a small wooden box.

( He opened a drawer and took out…)

- Somewhat confused, he wondered why they had laughed at him.
(He was somewhat confused and he wondered why…)

b) As an equivalent of an Adverb clause of Time, Cause, Condition, Manner, etc. A
Preposition or a Conjunctive Adverb may introduce a Participial phrase in this use.
* Time: - Trembling with excitement, she undid the parcel.

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- On hearing the news, she collapsed.
( When she heard the news…)

- After visiting Paris, I went on to Rome.
* Cause: 1- Feeling hot and dusty, she took a bath.

(Because she felt hot and dusty,…)

2- Being young, he was easily led by bad people.

3- Encouraged by my success, my brother decided to give up drinking.
4- Having very little money, they found life hard and dull.

5- Having known him, I was very sad to hear of his death.
* Condition: - Left in the sun, the cloth will lose all its colour.

(If the cloth is left in the sun, it…)

- Even a coward, driven into a corner, would fight.
* Manner: - Open the packet by cutting along the dotted line.

- By keeping quiet, you might save yourself a lot of trouble.

III. Present participle (Hiện tại phân từ)

a)

Cách thành lập

Hiện tại phân từ được thành lập bằng cách thêm ING vào sau động từ.

Cách dùng:

Hiện tại phân từ được dùng:

1. để thành lập các thì tiếp

diễn. Ex: I am learning

English now.

2. như tính từ:

Ex: She catched falling leaves.

3. trong các dạng tĩnh lược mệnh đề của cùng một chủ

từ. Ex: He finished his exercises. He came to see his

teachers.

Finishing his exercises, he came to see his teachers.

4. sau các động từ chỉ giác quan: feel (cảm thấy), hear (nghe), see (gặp), watch (thấy),

smell (ngửi thấy), listen to (lắng nghe), notice (để ý)… theo cấu trúc: V + O + V-ing.

Ex: I see her walking along the street. I hear it raining.

5. để rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ.

Ex: The man living next door is very friendly.

(= The man who lives next door is very friendly)

6. sau các động từ: catch (bắt gặp), find (nhận thấy), leave (để), spend (tiêu xài, bỏ ra),

waste (lãng phí) theo cấu trúc: S + V + O + V-ing.

Ex: He spent two days trying to repair his bicycle.

She left him standing outside.

7. diễn tả các hành động kế tiếp nhau của cùng một chủ từ, hành động xảy ra trước ta

dùng dạng V-ing.

Ex: Opening the wardrobe, she took out clothes to

wear. (= She opened wardrobe and took out her

clothes)

IV. Perfect gerund and perfect participle (Danh động từ hoàn thành và phân từ hoàn thành)

1.

Perfect gerund(Danh động từ hồn thành)

a)

Cơng thức cấu tạo: having + Vp.p

Cách dùng:

Danh động từ hồn thành được dùng thay cho hình thức hiện tại của danh động từ khi

chúng ta đề cập đến một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ.

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động từ hoàn thành để diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước.

Ex: He was accused of having attacked the policemen two months

ago. (Hành động tấn công cảnh sát xảy ra trước khi bị kết tội)

Danh động từ hoàn thành cũng được dùng sau từ deny (từ

chối) Ex: He denied having lived with her.

2.

Perfect participle(phân từ hồn thành)

a)

Cơng thức cấu tạo: having + Vp.p

Cách dùng:

Phân từ hoàn thành được dùng thay cho hiện tại phân từ trong câu có hai hành động xảy

ra liên tiếp nhau của cùng một chủ từ.

Ex: Having dug a hole in the road, they disappeared.

= Digging a hole in the road, they disappeared.

Tuy nhiên, ta phải dùng phân từ hồn thành khi có một khoảng thời gian phân cách giữa

hai hành động hay hành động thứ nhất trải dài trong một khoảng thời gian.

Ex: Having failed twice, she didn‟t want to try again.

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PRACTICE

I. Rewrite the sentences beginning with an appropriate participle (present, past or perfect)

1. When she saw the dog coming towards her, she quickly crossed the road.
2. If it is looked after carefully, the plant can live through the winter.

3. As I don‟t have a credit card, I found it difficult to book an airline ticket over the phone.
4. Keith spent a lot of time filling in job application forms because he was unemployed.
5. Because I was walking quickly, I soon caught up with her.

6. The house was built of wood, so it was clearly a fire risk.

7. I was eager to catch the bus in good time because I had been told off the day before for arriving
late.

8. She didn‟t know where the theater was, so she asked for directions at the hotel reception.
9. As she was a nurse, she knew what to do after the accident.

10. He had spent his childhood in Oslo so he knew the city well.
11. The fruit was expensive because it was imported.

12. We have spent nearly all our money so we couldn‟t afford to stay at a hotel.
13. As we didn‟t want to offend him, we said nothing about his paintings.

14. Although James is known mainly as a writer of novel, he has now written a successful
biography.

15. Although it had been hunted close to extinction, the rhino is once again common in this area.

II.

Choose the correct answer.

1. for twelve hours, I felt marvelous.

a. Having slept b. have slept c. Having been slept d. have been slept
2. By the time their baby arrives, the Johnson hope painting and decorating the new

nursery.

a. having finished b. to have finished
c. having been finished d. to have been finished
3. She‟s angry about to the farewell party last night.

a. not having invited b. not to have invited
c. not having been invited d. not to have been invited
4. We decided not to travel, the terrible weather forecast.

a. having heard b. to have heard

c. having been heard d. to have been heard
5. I‟d love to the party, but it was impossible.

a. having gone b. to have gone c. having been gone d. to have been gone
6. I don‟t recall him at the conference.

a. having seen b. to have seen c. having been seen d. to have been seen

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7. in dark colors, the room needed some bright lights.
a. Having painted b. To have painted
c. Having been painted d. To have been painted
8. The stockbroker denied of the secret business deal.

a. having informed b. to have informed
c. having been informed d. to have been informed

9. They now regret their son by providing too many material possessions.
a. having spoiled b. to have spoiled

c. having been spoiled d. to have been spoiled
10. to the party, we could hardly refuse to go.

a. Having invited b. To have invited
c. Having been invited d. To have bee invited

11. Tome made a bad mistake at work, but his boss didn‟t fire him. He‟s lucky a
second chance.

a. having given b. to have given c. having been given d. to have been given
12. Are you sure you told me ? I don‟t recall about it.

a. having told b. to have told c. having been told d. to have been told

III.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. The missing children were last seen (play) near the river.
2. (complete) the book, he had a holiday.

3. (find) only in the Andes, the plant is used by local people to treat skin diseases.
4. The accident seems (happen) at around 1.00 p.m yesterday.

5. Do something! Don‟t just sit there (twiddle) your thumbs.

6. Last year I studied abroad. I appreciate (have) the opportunity to live and study
in a foreign country.

7. (look) down from the hill, the town spread out before us towards the coast.
8. Marta doesn‟t like to have her picture (take). She avoids

(photograph).

9. I don‟t agree with (smack) children if they do something wrong.
10. The book (publish) last week is his first novel.

11. Having (photocopy) all the papers, Sarah put them back in the file.
12. I found a coin (lie) on the sidewalk.

13. Our mechanic said that he expects (fix) the brake on the car before we pick it up.
14. Life must be unpleasant for people (live) near busy airports.

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PREPOSITIONS

1) ____________ Christmas Eve, people often have parties late at midnight.

A. In B. On C. At D. From

2) She was born ___________ April 15,1986

A. at B. in C. since D. on

3) I last met her ____________ October last year.

A. since B. in C. on D. for

4) We haven’t seen each other _____________ last January.

A.for B. on C. since D. in

5) They will have built this road__________ the end of the year.

A. since B. until C. after D. by

6) Please take the picture _____________ the wall. It’s too old now.

A. in B. at C. off D. by

7) Jane got _____________ the bus when it stopped then she walked into a cafe.

A. on B. off C. into D. out of

8) My house is not too far _______________ my school.

A. from B. away C. about D. off

9) Mary was standing ______________ front of her desk.

A. on B. at C. in D..from

10) They stepped ______________ the stairs many times just for fun.

A. to and fro B. back and forth C. up and down D.in and about
11) Scientists are searching _____________ some other kinds of energy.

A. at B. about C. in D.for

12) Alice has been absent ______________ the last two classes.

A. in B. from C. away D. for

13) All of us are fond ______________ listening to music.

A.in B. about C. of D. with

14) My sister is quick ______________ playing computer games.

A.with B. about C. in D. at

15) I’m very grateful __________ you for your kindness.

A. to B. for C. of D. about

16) After making a tour of Singapore, my father arrived _______ Tan Son Nhat airport last night

A. at B. in C. into D. for

17) I’m looking forward ____________ receiving your email soon.

A. at B. to C. in D. for

18) When do you plan to leave ______________ Da Nang?

A.to B. into C.for D. at

19) She is always borrowing money ___________________ me.

A. from B.to C. of D. in

20) His illness prevents him ________________ coming to the party.

A. with B. of C. for D. from

21) I am surprised at how much he smokes; I am not used at it.
A B C D

22) The teacher in charge is angry for his students because of their laziness.
A B C D
23) They blamed me for doing it, but I’m not ashamed for what I did.

A B C D

24) I’m sure that he is quite capable to run a mile in just about four minutes.
A B C D

25) If you are not satisfied with what you have, I don’t feel sorry about you.

A B C D

CULTURAL TIPS (SPEAKING)

1. Linda: _________

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John: Yes, thank you.

A. Are you from USA? C. What do you think about the food?
B. May I help you? D. Can I speak to James, please?
2. Linda: Fantastic! You’ve made an excellent choice.

John: _________

A. It will take you the same time. C. I’m glad you like it.
B. Your compliment is strange. D. Yes, let’s!

3. Linda: I suggest going to school by bus.
John: _________

A. No, you’re wrong. C. Great! Let’s do that.

B. That’s true! D. Now and again!

4. Linda: Could you help me, please?
John: _________

A. Sure! C. No, thanks.

B. No, I can’t. D. That’s very kind of you.

5. Linda: How do you do?
John: _________

A. I do very well. C. How do you do?

B. By myself. D. Very well.

6. Linda: You’re certainly an intelligent student.
John: _________

A. I don’t think so. C. I don’t dare!

B. Thank you! D. I’m not interested in it.

7. Linda: How are you doing?
John: _________

A. It’s fine! C. I’m fine. Thank you. And you?

B. Well-done! D. I’m working OK!

8. Linda: I think married women should not go to work.
John: _________

A. Nonsense! I agree with you. C. I don’t believe in women.
B. Well, I see your point but it’s too boring

to be housewives all their lives. D. I think both men and women should go to work.
9. Linda: _________

John: Go straight ahead. It’s on the left, next to the supermarket.
A. Please show me around the nearest

drugstore. C. Excuse me. Is there a drugstore near here?
B. Where is a drug store? D. What’s a good drugstore?

10. Linda: People shouldn’t disturb wild dolphins. _________ ?
John: Because of the danger dolphins may cause to them.

A. In what way C. How dangerous

B. How D. How come

11. Linda: Could I use your pen for the next test?
John: _______.

A. Yes, you use C. Yes, you could
B. Yes, you can D. Yes, you do
12. Linda: Do you like movies?

John: _______.

A. Yes, we are B. I’d like C. Yes, quite a lot D. OK
13. Linda: Shall we go to the theater this evening?

John: _______.

A. We shall go B. We go C. Yes, let's D. You’re going
14. Linda: What do you think of Korean films?

John: ________.

A. Yes, I do C. No, I don’t

B. We can see them on TV D. I don’t think much of them
15. Linda: Come over! Dinner’s ready.

John: _______

A. What a stupid thing to say B. Wow! That smells delicious. C. Ouch! D. Yuk! How disgusting!

PRACTICE PHRASAL VERBS

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A. take after

B. get over

C. look after

D. go over

Câu 2. (Choose the answer which has the same meaning with the bold word) The young singer's

career took off after her latest album topped the charts.

A. ended in failure

B. became successful C. went unnoticed

D. remained unchanged

Câu 3. (Choose the answer which has the same meaning with the bold word) Much to their

disappointment, their start-up project fell through, though it had been carefully planned.

A. failed

B. expanded

C. succeeded

D. moved

Câu 4. You shouldn't lose heart; success often comes to those who are not ______ by failures.

A. left out

B. put off

C. switched off

D. turned on

Câu 5. Many parents tend to make their children study hard in the belief that good education will

enable them to ______ in the future.

A. turn up

B. get on

C. get out

D. turn away

Câu 6. (Choose the answer which has the same meaning with the bold word) Mary has finally

managed to get round her strict parents to let her go on a three-day excursion with her classmates.

A. permit

B. persuade

C. offer

D. support

Câu 7. Sorry for being late. I was ______ in the traffic for more than an hour.

A. carried on

B. held up

C. put off

D. taken after

Câu 8. Peter is not a modest boy since he often shows______ his prizes.

A. around

B. up

C. off

D. through

Câu 9. Terry is a very imaginative boy. He always comes ______ interesting ideas.

A. out of

B. down on

C. up with

D. in for

Câu 10. While I was looking through my old albums the other day, I ______ this photograph of my

parents' wedding.

A. took after

B. made up

C. turned down

D. came across

Câu 11. A gang of thieves broke into the gallery and _______ paintings worth $50,000.

A. ran out of

B. made off with

C. came in for

D. got away from

Câu 12. Motor vehicles account ____________ 75% of air pollution in the major cities.

A. of

B. in

C. on

D. for

Câu 13. Van suddenly came ____________ a very valuable book when she was in the bookshop.

A.up

B.into

C. across

D. down with

Câu 14. Several rare species are dying _____________ owing to human being’s deforestation and

careless hunting.

A. up

B. out

C. away

D. down

Câu 15. She was able to carry ___________ all the tasks assigned to her.

A. away

B. out

C. on

D. off

Câu 16. Does he tell you how he is getting ___________ his new colleagues?

A. on with

B. on of

C. away with

D. out of

Câu 17. The thief is said to have broken ____________ the house through the bathroom window.

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A. off

B. down

C. into

D. through

Câu 18. Smoking and drinking bring ____________ a quick decline in health and fitness.

A. up

B. about

C. in

D. off

Câu 19. I’ve advised him many times that he should give_________ smoking.

A.in

B. out

C. off

D. up

Câu 20. Prices are going ____________ in a worrying way.

A.up

B. over

C. away

D. off

Câu 21. Tom and Mary are going ____________ with each other.

A. on

B. out

C. for

D. down

WORD FORM

1. They did everything possible to _______________ the police force.

A. strengthen B. strengthening C. strength D. stronger
2. It was a(n) _______________ mistake that he made.

A. shamed B. shameful C. ashamed D. shameless
3. I spent a(n) _______________ night because of my toothache. I’m very tired now.

A. sleepy B. sleeping C. sleepless D. asleep
4. His low scores in the mock tests _______________ him quite a lot.

A. courageous B. encouraging C. discouraged D. encouragement
5. Recently pop-rock music has decreased in _______________.

A. popular B. popularizing C. popularity D. popularly
6. The waste from the chemical factory is extremely _______________.

A. harmed B. unharmed C. harmful D. harmless
7. The restaurant is now under new _______________.

A. manager B. manageable C. management D. manager
8. Your money will be refunded if the goods prove to be _______________.

A. satisfying B. dissatisfied C. satisfactory D. unsatisfactory
9. The problem of _______________ among young people is hard to solve.

A. employment B. employers C. employees D. unemployment
10. The dictionaries are on the _______________ - book shelves.

A. referred B. referring C. reference D. references
11. The _______________ of old buildings should be taken into consideration.

A. preserve B. preservation C. preservative D. preserves

12. There’s still a lot to be done about the _______________ of the victims in the earth-quake.
A. houses B. housework C. household D. re-housing

13. It is tiring to talk to such a _______________- minded person.

A. conservative B. conserved C. conservation D. conserving
14. He became one of the most _______________ actors in Vietnam.

A. success B. successful C. successfully D. successive
15. Smoke from cigarettes can even do harm to _______________.

A. smoking B. smokers C. nonsmokers D. smoky

16. Man has witnessed a great many significant _______________ of science and technology in
the past few decades.

A. accomplishes B. accomplished C. accomplishments D. accomplishers
17. You should eat more. You’re a bit _______________.

A. underweight B. overweight C. weightless D. weighty
18. You should _______________ yourselves with some grammatical terms.

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19. Although some societies are _______________ undeveloped, their languages, from a
linguist’s point of view, are very complex.

A. technology B. technologically C. technological D. technologist
20. Our education will help with the _______________ of knowledge for the young.

A. enrichment B. rich C. riches D. richness

21. They started as _______________ gathering but they have become increasingly formalized in
the last few years.

A. informal B. informally C. informalize D. informality

22. Children who are isolated and lonely seem to have poor language and _______________.
A. communicate B. communication C. communicative D. communicator

23. The lecturer explained the problem very clearly and is always _______________ in response
to questions.

A. attention B. attentive C. attentively D. attentiveness
24. There was a _______________ tremble in her voice, which showed that she was very

nervous at that time.

A. slight B. slighted C. slightly D. slightness

25. If a boss wants to have a well-qualified staff, he should have to pay his employees ______.
A. appropriate B. appropriately C. appropriation D. appropriating

26. Mrs. Pike was so angry that she made a _______________ gesture at the driver.

A. rude B. rudeness C. rudely D. rudest

27. Mr. Pike provided us with an _______________ guide to the full-time and part-time programs
on offer to a range of candidates drawn from schools and colleges.

A. inform B. informative C. informed D. information

28. Not many places at the universities are left, so choice is on a severe _______________.
A. limiting B. limitation C. delimitation D. limited

29. Higher education _____________ have risen this year for the first time in more than a
decade.

A. applies B. applications C. applicable D. applicants

30. There are several places where residents face the threat of _______________ every day/
A. terrorist B. terrorism C. terrorize D. terror

31. Many people think that in some more years we will see the complete _______________ of
newspapers and magazines due to the Internet.

A. disappear B. disappearance C. appear D. appearing
32. Those books are necessary for your thesis. They are really _______________.

A. inform B. information C. informer D. informative
33. The Japanese are _______________ at lowering manufacturing costs.

A. expert (a) (n) B. expertise (n) C. expertly D. expertises

34. After a nature disaster, there is always an _______________ need for food and water.

A. urgent B. urge C. urgently D. urgency

35. _______________ is the process by which a piece of land becomes dry, empty, and
unsuitable for growing trees or crops on.

A. desert B. deserted C. desertify D. desertification
36. Several _______________ advanced countries have had plans to make desert more

hospitable.

A. science B. scientific C. scientifically D. scientist
37. The desert bionics includes the hottest places in the world because it absorbs more

_________ from the sun land in humid climates do.

A. heat B. hot C. hotly D. heating

38. _______________ is a branch of Natural Science, and is the study of living organisms and
how they interact with their environment.

A. Biology B. Biological C. Biologist D. Biologically

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39. A / an _______________ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming
extinct.

A. dangerous B. endanger C. endangered D. endangerment
40. Only a few of the many species at risk of extinction actually make in to the lists and obtain

legal _______________.

A. protect B. protection C. protective D. protector

41. Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with _______________.
A. extinct B. extinction C. extinctive D. extinctly

42. Current extinction rates are at least 100 to 1,000 times higher than _______________ rates
found in the fossil record.

A. nature B. natural C. naturally D. naturalness
43. It is reported thay humans are the main reason for most species’ declines and habitat

_______________ and degradation are the leading threats.

A. destroy B. destructive C. destructor D. destruction
44. We have to apply effective measures to save many plant and animal species _____

extinction.

A. from B. in C. for D. on

45. They eventually realize that reckless _______________ of the earth’s resources can lead only
to eventual global disaster.

A. exploit B. exploitable C. exploitation D. exploitative
46. Farmers make their soil more productive by distributing _______________.

A. fertile B. fertility C. fertilizers D. fertilizable
47. Chemical wastes from factories are __________ that cause serious damage to species

habitats.

A. pollutes B. pollutants C. pollutions D. polluters

48. She was involved in conservational _______________ and began to devoted herself to the
wildlife protection movement.

A. act B. action C. activity D. acting

49. According to present law, the authorities can give poachers a severe _______________.

A. act B. action C. punishment D. pusnishing

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WORD COLLOCATIONS AND WORD CHOICE

PART 1:

1. A recent survey has shown that supporters of equal partnership in marriage are still in the
_______________.

A. crowd B. particular C. majority D. obligation.
2. She accepted that she had ated _____________ and mistakenly, which broke up her

marriage.

A. romantically B. unwisely C. wisely D. attractively

3. They decided to divorce and Mary is _______________ to get the right to raise the child.
A. equal B. determined C. obliged D. active

4. When the play finished the audience stood up and ____________ their hands loudly.

A. clapped B. nodded C. shook D. hold

5. It is ____________ not to say “Thank you” when you are given something.

A. small B. rude C. slight D. formal

6. He had never experienced such discourtesy towards the president as it occurred at the
annual meeting in May.

A. politeness B. rudeness C. encouragement D. measurement
7. John looked up at Jane and tried a smile of love, of ____________, of gratitude.

A. dislike B. unreliability C. trust D. anger
8. Body language includes our ____________, facial expressions, and gestures.

A. posture B. mature C. picture D. body

9. They do their work with such cheerfulness, ____________ and unselfish dedication.
A. friendliness B. laziness C. politeness D. shyness

10. An important source of dissatisfaction was a ____________ of challenge.

A. lack B. measurement C. sight D. contact

11. She was the first in her family to enjoy the privilege of a university ____________.
A. schedule B. education C. science D. technology

12. English is an important ____________ that is required in several national examination.
A. language B. test C. evaluation D. subject

13. Mathematics, a required subject in all schools, is ____________ into many branches.
A. grouped B. prepared C. divided D. added

14. Education has been developed in ____________ with modern industry and the mass media.
A. compulsory B. paralled C. selected D. following

15. School uniform is compulsory in most of Vietnamese schools.

A. depended B. required C. divided D. paid

16. He has not been offered the job because he cannot meet the ____________ of the company.
A. requirements B. applicants C. information D. education

17. ____________ education is normally taken to include undergraduate and post graduate
education, as well as vocational education and training.

A. Primary B. Tertiary C. Secondary D. Intermediate

18. An ____________ is a student at a university or college who is studying for his or her first
degree.

A. undergraduate B. application C. insurance D. exam

19. Entry to university is competitive so some ____________ with the minimum entrance
qualifications will find themselves without a place.

A. tutors B. professors C. teachers D. applicants

20. Students also have the opportunity to choose from a wide range of ____________ courses in
the university.

A. compulsory B. optional C. required D. limited

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21. Qualifications and ____________ are two most important factors that help you get a good
job.

A. politeness B. experience C. attention D. impression
22. Before the interview, you have to send a letter of application and your résumé to the

company.

A. recommendation B. reference C. curriculum vitae D. photograph

23. His work involves helping students to find temporary ____________ during their summer
vacation.

A. decision B. employment C. choice D. selection

24. To prepare for your job interview, you should jot down your qualifications and experience as
well as some important information about yourself.

A. draw B. place C. put D. write

25. When being interviewed, you should concentrate on what the interviewer is saying or asking
you.

A. be related to B. be interested in
C. pay all attention to D. express interest to

26. Secondary school on Pakistan begin from grade 9 and ____________ for four years.

A. lasts B. spends C. requires D. prepare

27. What is your major ____________ at university? – I learn physics.

A. assessment B. evaluation C. subject D. purpose

28. After ____________ the relevant A Level qualifications the student can enter university.
A. assuming B. attaining C. meeting D. earning

29. For more than 20 years, the Vietnamese government has pursued the opendoor
____________ and continued to woo foreign investment.

A. policy B. way C. export D. gudeline

30. After a decade of economic liberalization, Vietnam has seen a dramatic rise in living
____________ in urban areas.

A. surface B. standards C. levels D. backgrounds

31. ____________ laws and regulations which impose restrictions on any rights should be revised
to comply with international law.

A. Domestic B. Program C. Encouraged D. Expanding

32. These new economic reforms have allowed for international ____________ and development
in the country.

A. pay B. renovation C. investment D. opportunity

33. Someone who is ____________ is hopeful about the future or the success of something in
particular.

A. powerful B. optimistic C. stagnant D. pessimistic

34. There will be powerful network of computers which may come from a single computing
____________ that is worn on or in the body.

A. device B. machinery C. equipment D. vehicle

35. A ____________ is a spacecraft that is designed to travel into space and back to earth
several times.

A. plane B. corporation C. telecommunication D. shuttle
36. Peter was asked to ____________ to a newspaper article making predictions for

technological progress in 10 years.

A. expect B. invent C. develop D. contribute

37. Strict ____________ measures are in force in the capital to protect it from terrorism.
A. scientific B. normal C. transportation D. security

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39. Doctors and pharmacists have to assume ____________ for human life.
A. responsibility B. achievement C. optimism D. aspect

40. A specific area of biotechnology that shows great promise for treatment and cure of life-
____________ diseases.

A. developing B. threatening C. hoping D. fitting

41. Telecommunication is bound to have a huge influence on various aspects of our lives.
A. depression B. technique C. expect D. impact

42. We sometimes go away from the city to the countryside for a ____________ of fresh air.

A. feeling B. sip C. swallow D. breath

43. Our children should be educated and trained well enough to perform the ____________ jobs
of contemporary society.

A. safe B. diagnostic C. fiction D. high-tech

44. Two thousand people are ____________ as having caner of the mouth every year; and 60
per cent of them will die within five years.

A. regarded B. diagnosed C. checked D. killed
45. John has sent five letters to his friend but he has not received any reply.

A. information B. postscript C. letter D. answer

PART 2:

1) They did everything possible to ______________ the police force.

A. strengthen

B. strengthening

C. strength

D. stronger

2) It was a(n) ________________ mistake that he made.

A. shamed

B. shameful

C. ashamed

D. hameless

3) I spent a(n) ______________ night because of my toothache. I’m very tired now.

A. sleepy

B. sleeping

C. sleepless

D. asleep

4) His low scores in the mock test _______________ him quite a lot.

A.courageous

B. encouraging

C. discouraged

D. encouragement

5) Recently pop – rock music has decreased in ___________

A. popular

B. popularizing

C. popularity

D. popularly

6) The waste from the chemical factory is extremely _________

A. harmed

B. unharmed

C. harmful

D. harmless

7) The restaurant is now under new ____________.

A.manager

B. manageable

C. management

D. manager

8) Your money will be refunded if the goods prove to be ____________.

A.satisfying

B. dissatisfied

C. satisfactory

D. unsatisfactory

9) The problem of _______________ among young people is hard to solve.

A.employment

B. employers

C. employees

D. unemployment

10) The dictionaries are on the ___________ book shelves.

A.referred

B. referring

C. reference

D. references.

11) The ______________ of old building should be taken into consideration.

A. preserve

B. preservation

C.preservative

D. preserves

12) There’s still a lot to be done about the ____________ of the victims in the earth – quake.

A.houses

B. housework

C. household

D.re – housing

13) He became one of the most ___________ actors in Vietnam.

A.success

B. successful

C. successfully

D. successive

14) Smoke from cigarettes can even do harm to ___________.

A. smoking

B. smokers

C.nonsmokers

D.smoky

15) Man has witnessed a great many significant_____________ of science and technology in the past

few decades.

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A. accomplishes

B. accomplished

C. accomplishments D. accomplishers

16) You should eat more. You’re a bit ___________

A. underweight

B. overweight

C. weightless

D. weighty

17) You should ______________ yourselves with some grammatical terms.

A. familiar

B. familiarity

C. unfamiliar

D. familiarize

18) Although some societies are ______________ undeveloped, their languages, from a linguist’s

point of view, are very complex.

A. technology

B. technologically

C. technological

D. technologist

19) Our education will help with the ____________ of knowledge for the young

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SYNONYM & ANTONYM

CLOSEST (TỪ CẬN NGHĨA)

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the 
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 1. Many scientists agree that global warming poses great threats to all species on Earth.

A. risks

B. annoyances

C. fears

D. irritations

Question 2. Affluent families find it easier to support their children financially.

A. Privileged

B. Impoverished

C. Well-off

D. Wealthy

Question 3. Thanks to the invention of the microscope, biologists can now gain insights into the

nature of the human cell.

A. deep understanding

B. in-depth studies

C. spectacular sightings

D. far-sighted views

Question 4. Billy, come and give me a hand with cooking.

A. help

B. prepare

C. attempt

D. work

Question 5. Whenever problems come up, we discuss them frankly and find solutions quickly.

A. happen

B. encounter

C. clean up

D. appear

Question 6. Professor Burg was very interested in the diversity of cultures all over the world.

A. variety

B. change

C. difference

D. equality

Question 7. School uniform is compulsory in most of Vietnamese schools.

A. enquired

B. required

C. inquired

D. acquired

Question 8. The medical community continues to make progress in the fight against cancers.

A. speed

B. expectation

C. improvement

D. treatment

Question 9. The Bali Tiger was declared to be extinct in 1937 due to hunting and habitat loss.

A. natural reserve

B. generation

C. natural environment

D. living condition

Question 10. It is inevitable that the smaller firms should merge with the large one. Otherwise, they

would be closed.

A. predictable

B. unavoidable

C. preventable

D. inescapable

Question 11. It is anticipated that this contract will substantially increase sales over the next three years.

A. apparently

B. slightly

C. considerably

D. markedly

Question 12. When taken in large quantities some drugs can cause permanent brain damage.

A. on the whole

B. for good

C. in the long term

D. for a short time

Question 13: It is high time more intensive campaigns were initiated to protect endangered species

all over the world.

A. rebuilt

B. adapted

C. improved

D. introduced

Question 14: The team entered the competition with great confidence after getting sound advice

from their coach.

A. tentative

B. sensitive

C. audible

D. sensible

Question 15: The football final has been postponed until next Sunday due to the heavy snowstorm.

A. cancelled

B. continued

C. changed

D. delayed

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Question 16: The chairman's thought-provoking question ignited a lively debate among the

participants in the workshop.

A. triggered

B. arose

C. defined

D. hosted

Question 17: There is an increase in the prevalence of electronic books as more people are turning

to digitalised reading materials.

A. scarcity

B. deficiency

C. popularity

D. intensity

Question 18: Heavily contaminated with wastes from nearby factories, the water in this river is not

suitable for daily use.

A. polluted

B. pure

C. cleaned

D. deadly

Question 19: Thanks to highly sophisticated technology, scientists have made many important

discoveries in different fields.

A. accessible

B. confusing

C. effective

D. advanced

Question 20: It is firmly believed that books are a primary means for disseminating knowledge and

information.

A. classifying

B. distributing

C. adopting

D. inventing

OPPOSITE (TỪ TRÁI NGHĨA)

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to

the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 1. We'd better speed up if we want to get there in time.

A. slow down

B. turn down

C. put down

D. lie down

Question 2. She is a very generous old woman. She has given most of her wealth to a charity

organization.

A. mean

B. amicable

C. kind

D. hospitable

Question 3. Her thoughtless comments made him very angry.

A. honest

B. kind

C. pleasant

D. thoughtful

Question 4. The consequences of the typhoon were disastrous due to the lack of precautionary

measures.

A. damaging

B. beneficial

C. severe

D. physical

Question 5. Vietnam's admission to the World Trade Organization (WTO) has promoted its trade

relations with other countries.

A. boosted

B. expanded

C. restricted

D. balanced

Question 6. She had a cozy little apartment in Boston

A. uncomfortable

B. dirty

C. warm

D. lazy

Question 7. It’s hard to tell whether the story is true or not.

A. difficult

B. durable

C. soft

D. easy

Question 8. I am sorry for being rude to you at the party

A. impolite

B. polite

C. courteous

D. pleasant

Question 9. She was unhappy that she lost contact with a lot of her old friends when studying

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A. made room for

B. lost control of

C. got in touch with

D. made allowance

for

Question 10. She’s carrying out a health project for the disadvantaged in inner cities and rural areas.

A. urban

B. mountainous

C. suburban

D. coastal

Question 11. Literature is a compulsory subject in our education, which means every all students

study it

A. difficult

B. easy

C. optional

D. unnecessary

Question 12. The investigation revealed some rather unexpected results

A. impressive

B. predictable

C. surprising

D. positive

Question 13. I think my grandson doesn’t love me anymore; he comes to visit me once in a blue moon.

A. very blue

B. very often

C. not usually

D. very moony

Question 14: Winning the first prize in the National Math Competition was the highest achievement

he got when he was at school.

A. failure

B. success

C. comprehension

D. completion

Question 15: Judy has just won a full scholarship to one of the most prestigious universities in the

country; she must be on cloud nine now.

A. extremely panicked

B. obviously delighted

C. incredibly optimistic

D. desperately sad

Question 16: People nationwide have acted without hesitation to provide aids for the victims in the

disaster-stricken areas.

A. uncertainty B. willingness

C. awareness

D. reluctance

Question 17: The research findings were reliable since modern technology was used to increase the

precision of the sampling procedure.

A. exactness

B. inaccuracy

C. insecurity

D. flexibility

Question 18: Despite the traffic hold-ups, we were able to arrive at the airport in the nick of time

just before the check-in counter closed.

A. with all our luggage

B. in a terrible condition

C. at the very last moment

D. with much time to spare

Question 19: With price increases on most necessities, many people have to tighten their belt for

fear of getting into financial difficulties.

A. dress in loose clothes

B. spend money freely

C. save on daily expenses

D. put on tighter belts

Question 20: Today the number of start-ups in Vietnam is mounting as the government has created

favourable conditions for them to develop their business.

A. peaking

B. varying

C. decreasing

D. rising

REVIEW 4

Câu 1. Parents shouldn't use physical punishment ___ it negatively influences children's development.

A. because of

B. although

C. because

D. in spite of

Câu 2. _______, the young mother appeared visibly very happy after the birth of her child.

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A. Tired as she was B. She was tired

C. As tired

D. Despite tired

Câu 3. ______, she continued to carry out her duties.

A. Although in poor health

B. Although she is in good health

C. Despite her good health

D. No matter how poor her health

Câu 4. Most scientists know him well. However, very few ordinary people have heard of him.

A. Many ordinary people know him better than most scientists do.

B. Although he is well known to scientists, he is little known to the general public.

C. He is the only scientist that is not known to the general public.

D. Not only scientists but also the general public know him as a big name.

Câu 5. (Choose the bold part that is incorrect) Children these days seem weaker than those in the

past so that they have various source of nutritious food.

A. weaker than

B. so that

C. source

D. nutritious

Câu 6. You ______ eat those mushrooms. They’re very dangerous.

A. should not

B. don’t have to

C. may not

D. could not

Câu 7. Jessica looks very tired. She ______ have stayed up late to finish her assignment last night.

A. would

B. should

C. will

D. must

Câu 8. He ______ to the doctor after the accident, but he continued to play instead.

A. must have gone

B. needn’t have gone C. shouldn’t have gone D. should have gone

Câu 9. You ______ use your mobile phone during the test. It's against the rules.

A. mightn't

B. mustn't

C. oughtn't

D. needn't

Câu 10. The reason for his death hasn’t been discovered yet, but the doctor assumed that he ________

a heart attack.

A. may have suffered B. must have suffered C. should have suffered D. couldn’t have suffered

Câu 11. That style of dress ________ have been designed by Titian, because it wasn’t worn till after

his death.

A. wouldn’t

B. mustn’t

C. can’t

D. oughtn’t

Câu 12. The bus arrived 2 minutes after you left, so you ________ a cab

A. needn’t have taken B. didn’t need to take C. should have taken D. would have taken

Câu 13. It was wrong of you to criticise your son in front of his friends.

A. You shouldn't have criticised your son in front of his friends.

B. You must have criticised your son in froot of his friends.

C. You mightn't have criticised your son in front of his friends.

D. You could have criticised your son in front of his friends.

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A. Ann always keeps up with the latest fashions so as not to work for a famous fashion house.

B. Ann works for a famous fashion house, so she always keeps up with the latest fashions.

C. Not working for a famous fashion house, Ann always keeps up with the latest fashions.

D. Despite working for a famous fashion house, Ann hardly keeps up with the latest fashions.

Câu 14. I think the principal of this school ___ give students more freedom in choosing the courses

they want to study.

A. would

B. can

C. might

D. ought to

Câu 15. You ______ see the doctor soon. I think you may get H1N1.

A. may

B. must

C. would

D. can

Câu 16. My brother ______ attend a university in the USA, but he isn’t sure yet.

A. should

B. will

C. shall

D. can

Câu 17. You ______ wear jeans to school. It’s not suitable.

A. should

B. ought to

C. should not

D. ought to not

Câu 18. Only a few the students got very relatively good marks in the History final test. It ______

very difficult.

A. should have been B. must have been

C. may have been

D. could have been

Câu 19. Some scientists believed that an impact between the earth and an asteroid _______________

in the extinction of dinosaurs.

A. may have resulted

B. shouln’t have resulted

C. couldn’t have resulted

D. must have resulted

Câu 20. The tiger that attacked the worker in the park _______________ over the short fences. All the

fence doors still closed when the accident happened.

A. ought to have jumped

B. would have jumped

C. should have jumped

D. must have jumped

Câu 21. Ann __________ the crime because I was with her and we were out of town on that day.

A. mightn’t have committed

B. can’t have committed

C. mustn’t have committed

D. shouldn’t have committed

Câu 22. I thought it was not necessary to book tickets for the film in advance, but I was wrong.

A. I couldn’t have booked tickets for the film in advance.

B. I must have booked tickets for the film in advance.

C. I should have booked tickets for the film in advance.

D. I needn’t have booked tickets for the film in advance.

Câu 23. Sally paid for her travel in advance, but it wasn’t necessary.

A. Sally needn't have paid for her travel in advance.

B. Sally might not have paid for her travel in advance.

C. Sally may not have paid for her travel in advance.

D. Sally couldn’t have paid for her travel in advance.

Câu 24. Since the construction of infrastructures has increased remarkably, it cannot be compared with

the rocketing number of inhabitants in the city.

A. Since

B. has increased

C. compared

D. rocketing

Câu 25. The court sentenced her 9 years in prison despite that she is 70 years old.

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A. sentenced

B. in prison

C. that

D. old

Câu 26. _________, we have to face the environmental consequences.

A. Because that we have industrialized our country without thinking

B. Now that we have industrialized our country without thinking

C. Due to we have industrialized our country without thinking

D. On account of we have industrialized our country without thinking

Câu 27. Thanks to technological development, new areas on the earth have been discovered

A. Upon technological development, new areas on the earth have been discovered.

B. In spite of the fact that new areas on the earth have been discovered, technology develops.

C. Having been discovered, the new areas on the earth developed technologically.

D. New areas on the earth have been discovered on account of technological development.

Câu 28. ________, there are more and more people dying from it.

A. Despite some cures have been develop

B. Although some cures for HIV/AIDS have been developed

C. Though the fact that some cures for HIV/AIDS have been developed

D. In spite the fact that some cures for HIVIAIDS have been developed

Câu 29. Children are encouraged to read books ____ they are a wonderful source of knowledge.

A. although

B. in spite of

C. because of

D. because

Câu 30. She tried very hard to pass the driving test. She could hardly pass it.

A. Although she didn’t try hard to pass the driving test, she could pass it.

B. Despite being able to pass the driving test, she didn‘t pass it.

C. No matter how hard she tried, she could hardly pass the driving test.

D. She tried very hard, so she passed the driving test satisfactorily.

Câu 31. ______ they are delicious, hamburgers and French fries are too high in fat.

A. However

B. Although

C. Because

D. Despite

Câu 32. She gave a great performance at the festival. We now know she has artistic talent.

A. Amazing as her artistic talent is, we don't know about her great performance at the festival.

B. Hardly had we known about her artistic talent when she gave a great performance at the festival.

C. Although she gave a great performance at the festival, now we still don't know she has artistic

talent.

D. But for her great performance at the festival, we wouldn't know about her artistic talent now.

Câu 33. Piano instruction is thought to enhance the brain's "hard wiring" for spatial-temporal

reasoning, or the ability to visualise and transform objects in space and time, says Professor Gordon

Shaw, who led the study. At the same time, the computer game allows children to solve geometric and

math puzzles that boost their ability to manipulate shapes in their mind.

The findings are significant (35)______ a grasp of proportional math and fractions is a prerequisite to

math at higher levels, and children who do not master these areas of math cannot understand more

advanced math that is critical to high-tech fields.

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PHONETICS

I. SOUNDS:

1. a. cooks b. loves c. joins d. spends

2. a. advises b. raises c. devises d. goes
3. a. teacher b. children c. chore d. school

4. a. hurry b. under c. pressure d. rush

5. a. brothers b. weekends c. problems d. secrets

6. a. clothes b. cloths c. roofs d. books

7. a. concerned b. raised c. developed d. maintained
8. a. appeared b. agreed c. coughed d. loved

9. a. sacrificed b. trusted c. recorded d. acted
10. a. laughed b. weighed c. helped d. missed

11. a. final b. achieve c. high d. decide

12. a. average b. indicate c. application d. grade
13. a. specialize b. variety c. particular d. wide
14. a. compound b. course c. around d. hour

15. a. follow b. show c. allow d. slow

16. a. grown b. own c. known d. down

17. a. grasses b. stretches c. comprises d. potatoes

18. a. lie b. wide c. circle d. comprise

19. a. attitude b. survive c. introduce d. human
20. a. chemical b. priority c. crisis d. primary
II. STRESS

6. a. verbal b. suppose c. even d. either

7. a. example b. consider c. several d. attention

8. a. situation b. appropriate c. informality d. entertainment

9. a. noisy b. party c. social d. polite

15. a. current b. global c. crisis d. mankind

20. a. derive b. provide c. modern d. depend

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Tag questions (Câu hỏi đuôi)

Câu hỏi đuôi là câu hỏi ngắn thường được thêm vào ở cuối câu. Nó được dùng để kiểm chứng
lại lời nói trước đó.

Ex: You can speak French, can’t you?
➢Cách thành lập câu hỏi đuôi:

- Nếu mệnh đề chính ở thể phủ định thì câu hỏi đuôi ở thể khẳng định và ngược lại.
Ex: He doesn’t buy a poor house, does he?

You are thirsty, aren’t you ?

- Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính là động từ thường thì động từ này sẽ được thay thế
bằng trợ động từ (do/does hoăc did).

Ex: She sells her motorbike, doesn’t she?

We had breakfast in that restaurant, didn’t we?

- Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính là động từ đặc biệt thì động từ đặc biệt này sẽ được
lặp lại trong câu hỏi đuôi.

Ex: They can’t swim very fast, can they?

- Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính là trợ động từ (be, have, did,…) thì trợ động từ này sẽ
được lặp lại trong câu hỏi đuôi.

Ex: He is an honest person, isn’t he ?

She didn’t go to school yesterday, did she?
They have been to Japan, haven’t they ?

- Nếu chủ từ trong mệnh đề chính là một danh từ chung hay danh từ riêng thì trong câu
hỏi đi danh từ đó phải được thay thế bằng một nhân xưng đại từ tương ứng.

Ex: Your daughter is a university student, isn’t she?
His son studied abroad, didn’t he?

Tom looks very handsome, doesn’t he?

You and I met the teacher yesterday, didn’t we?
Children shouldn’t have too many sweets, should they?
➢Một số dạng đặc biệt:

- Trong lối nói thơng thường, câu hỏi đuôi của I am … là aren’t I? Còn trong tiếng Anh
trang trọng là am I not ?

Ex: I am your friend, am I not (aren’t I?)

- Nếu chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề chính là chủ ngữ giả there hay it thì chủ ngữ đó sẽ được lặp 
lại trong câu hỏi đi.

Ex: There are two books on the table, aren’t there ?
It’s terrible day, isn’t it?

- Nếu chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề chính là no + danh từ, nothing, everything, this, that… 
thì chủ ngữ của câu hỏi đuôi là it.

Ex: No sugar isn’t added, is it?
This is your hat, isn’t it?
Everything is Ok, isn’t it?
- Sau Let’s… là shall we?

Ex: Let’s sing together, shall we?
- Sau câu mệnh đề, sai khiến:

Ex: Come and see me tomorrow, will you?
Lưu ý:

1. Nếu câu có “wish” thì phải dùng “may I?”

2. Nếu câu có “must”:

a. Câu mang ý nghĩa bắt buộc, cấm đoán:

His daughter mustn’t go out after 22 o’clock, must she? 
b. Câu mang ý nghĩa cần thiết:

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I think it will rain tomorrow, won’t it?

Exercise: Add question tags to the following statements.

1. He hardly ever makes a mistake, ____________________________________________ ?
2. Nobody liked the play, ____________________________________________________ ?
3. She’d save money if she bought fresh food, ___________________________________ ?
4. She’s very funny. She’s got a great sense of humour, ___________________________ ?
5. The area was evacuated at once, ____________________________________________ ?
6. Mr. Smith usually remembered his wife’s birthdays, ______________________________ ?
7. It never works very well, ___________________________________________________ ?
8. He ought to have made a note of it, __________________________________________ ?
9. Neither of them offered to help you, __________________________________________ ?
10. There’ll be plenty for everyone, ______________________________________________ ?
11. Let’s go out for dinner tonight, _____________________________________________ ?
12. That isn’t Bill driving, ______________________________________________________ ?
13. Nothing went wrong, ______________________________________________________ ?
14. There used to be trees here, ________________________________________________ ?
15. This won’t take long, ______________________________________________________ ?
16. Don’t touch that button, ____________________________________________________ ?
17. I’m too late, ______________________________________________________________ ?
18. Not a very good film, ______________________________________________________ ?
19. Somebody wanted a drink, _________________________________________________ ?

20. I think you’ve seen this one before, ___________________________________________ ?

21. Nobody understands what the stranger man has said, _______?

A. don’t they

B. does he

C. do they

D. doesn’t he

22. There has been a great increase in retail sales, ______?

A. hasn't there

B. isn't there

C. isn't it

D. doesn't

it

23. People don't like the way he shows off, ______?

A. does he

B. do they

C. don't they

D. doesn't

he

24. She had to do the shopping for her neighbor, _________?

A. didn’t she

B. does she

C. hadn’t she

D. isn’t

she

25. “Buy me a newspaper on your way back, _______?”

A. will you

B. don't you

C. can't you

D. do you

26. A fence needs the support of three stakes, _______?

A. needn’t it

B. doesn’t it

C. don’t they

D. does

it

27. Nobody died in the accident, ________?

A. didn’t he

B. did they

C. were they

D. do

they

28. Her parents rarely let her stay out late, ______?

A. do they

B. don't they

C. does she

D. doesn't she

29. Michael rarely returns to his hometown, ______?

A. hasn't he

B. does he

C. has he

D. doesn't he

30. Sue rarely misses a chance to do voluntary work, ______?

A. doesn't she

B. does she

C. is she

D. isn't she

31. Mary rarely uses social networks, ______?

A. isn't she

B. does she

C. doesn't she

D. is she

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TENSES

I. Lý thuyết: (Xem ở cuối đề cương)

II. Bài tập:

2. “On Saturday there is no class. So I probably (to go) for a walk tomorrow and I (to be) back at
eleven-thirty for lunch” – “Don’t come back so early, dear. I still (to cook) the meal”.

3. I (to e) very busy recently. Last week I (to be) at the office every evening until seven o’clock
and this week extra work (to keep) me there until seven-thirty every evening.

8. That man (to teach) in this school since 1985. Before he (to come) here, he (to live) in Hue.
Now he (to live) in the suburbs and (to come) to school every day on his bicycle.

Question 1. The boat was sailing north when a terrible storm ______ .

A. had broken

B. broke

C. would break

D. was breaking

Question 2. As soon as my mother _______ home, it began to rain.

A. had arrived

B. arrives

C. has arrived

D. arrived

Question 3. When he _______ tomorrow morning, he will tell us about the match.

A. will arrive

B. arrives

C. will be arriving

D. has arrived

Question 4. Scarcely ______ her song when the audience started to cheer.

A. had the singer finished

B. has the singer finished

C. the singer has finished

D. the singer finished

Question 5: Only after he _____ the job as a computer programmer did he realise how much he

loved it.

A. has left

B. had left

C. was leaving

D. would leave

Question 6. Since I moved in, my upstairs neighbors _______ their stereo loudly every night.

A. had played

B. have played

C. played

D. play

Question 7. When my parents ______ for a visit tomorrow, they will see our new baby.

A. will arrive

B. arrived

C. will have arrived

D. arrive

Question 8. When Sarah saw the snake, she _________.

A. was screaming

B. had screamed

C. screamed

D. screams

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Question 10. Since the computer_________it has made considerable changes to our daily life.

A. has invented

B. is invented

C. was invented

D.

invented

Question 11. The film________for half an hour when I got to the cinema.

A. had been shown

B. has shown

C. was shown

D. had shown

Question 12: Only after the teacher ______ the procedure clearly were the students allowed to

go ahead with the experiment.

A. would explain

B. had explained

C. was explaining

D. has explained

Question 13. The statue broke while it ________to another room in the museum.

A. was being moved

B. moved

C. was moved

D. had been

moved

Question 14. When I found my purse, someone________the money out of it.

A. took

B. had taken

C. was taking

D. has taken

Question 15. George _________a shower when suddenly someone knocked at the door.

A. had had

B. was having

C. had

D. is having

Question 16. No sooner ________than things went wrong.

A. had she arrived

B. he has arrived

C. he had arrived

D. did he arrive

Question 17. No sooner_______the office than the telephone rang.

A. was he leaving

B. had he left

C. has he left

D. he had left

Question 18. He will finish his work before you_______here tomorrow.

A. leave

B. will leave

C. would leave

D. are leaving

Question 19: Only after she ______ from a severe illness did she realise the importance of good

health.

A. would recover

B. has recovered

C. had recovered

D. was

recovering

Question 20: Only after the bus ______ for a few miles did Jane realise she was on the wrong

route.

A. was running

B. had run

C. has run

D. runs

THE PASSIVE VOICE

I. Look at these sentences:

Active: Mr. Brown wrote the report yesterday
Passive: The report was written by Mr. Brown yesterday

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(1) (2) (3) (4)
II. Remember these things:

1. The Active object becomes the Passive subject.
2. The Passive verb is a form of BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

3. The Active subject becomes BY + AGENT (Noun / Object Pronoun)
The main thing is to use the correct form of BE:

a) The Active verb is ONE word:

AM / IS / ARE (Simple Present)
WAS / WERE (Simple Past)
1- Mr. Green teaches history

History is taught by Mr. Green
2- The manager sacked ten workers.

Ten workers were sacked by the manager.

b) The Active verb is TWO or MORE THAN TWO WORDS

The same form as the active verb
In agreement with its subject
3- John will deliver the letter.

The letter will be delivered by John.
4- The fire has destroyed many houses.

Many houses have been destroyed by the fire.

5- The police are questioning Tom.

Tom is being questioned by the police.
6- The enemy used to attack the bay.

The bay used to be attacked by the enemy.
7- The engineers are going to build the bridge.
The bridge is going to be built by the engineers.

4. The position of adverbs and preposition phrases in the passive sentences:
a) Adverbs of place stand before BY + AGENT

8- His children are carrying the chairs into the house.

The chairs are being carried into the house by his children.
b) Adverbs of time stand after BY + AGENT

9- Dr. Blake will read this report at the conference at 2 P.M.
This report will be read at the conference by Dr. Blake at 2 P.M.
c) Adverbs of manner usually stand between BE and the Past participle.

10- The boss has treated them badly.

They have been badly treated by the boss.

11- The clerk did not check these numbers carefully yesterday.
These numbers were not carefully checked by the clerk yesterday.

5. BY + AGENT (by me / you / him / her / them / us / people / someone, etc.) is generally
omited from the Passive sentence.

12- People speak English all over the world.
English is spoken all over the world (by people)
13- They must have stolen your bicycle.

Your bicycle must have been stolen (by them)

BE

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NOTES:

1. If there are TWO OBJECTS in the Active sentence, either of them may become the subject
in the Passive sentence.

14- They told me the truth.
-> I was told the truth.

-> The truth was told (to) me.

- 15- They may give you the result soon.
-> You may be given the result soon.
-> The result may be given (to) you soon.

16- I never hear him shout at his children
He is never heard to shout at his children.
- 17- They made me do it.

I was made to do it

- 18- I have never known that man lie before.
That man has never been known to lie before.

3. Prepositions that are closely connected with certain verbs and Adverbial particles that
belong to two-word verbs are not omitted from the Passive sentence.

19- They prevented her from taking the medicine.
She was prevented from taking the medicine.
- 20- The nurse will look after the babies.

The babies will be looked after by the nurse.

4. TWO common passive constructions with verbs expressing opinions and rumours like SAY,
REPORT, THINK, ASSUME, BELIEVE, RUMOUR, etc.

a) Subject + BE + Past Participle + Infinitive with TO
b) It + BE + Past Participle + THAT – clause

Examples:

b) It was believed that he had died in battle.

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Practice:

1) English __________ in many countries in Africa.

A. speaks B. is speaking C. is spoken D. has spoken
2) A new bridge over the river ______________at present.

A. constructed B. is constructed C. is constructing D. is being constructed
3) They are going to demolish those slums for the street __________

A. to widen B. widening C. to be widened D. being widened
4) The school boy _________________ in the accident.

A. seriously injured B. seriously was injured
C. was seriously injured D. to be injured seriously
5) The house really needs ________________

A. for repainted B. to be repainting
C. being repainted D. repainting
6) Nothing _______________ about it

A.can do B. can be done C. can’t be done D. be able to do
7) ________________ that the earth is round

A. It is believed B. the belief
C. People are believedD. There is believed

8) Five people ______________ injured in the traffic accident.
A. reported to be B. are reporting

C. are to be reported D. are reported to be
9) I will have my brother _______________ the motor – bike for me.

A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. repaired
10) She was made ______________ over the passport.

A. hand B. to hand C. handing D. handed

11) The burglar is thinking to have broken in through the bathroom window.
A B C D

12) Customers are requested not smoke in this section of the restaurant.
A B C D
13) It is reported that all the crew and passengers killed in the air crash.

A B C D

14) I remember taking to the zoo by may father on Sundays and other holidays.
A B C D

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THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

A conditional sentence often has a main clause and a subordinate clause (if-clause). The
subordinate clause may be placed before or after the main clause.

There are three main types of conditional sentences:
Tense

Condition If-clause Main clause

PROBABLE Simple present Simple Future
PRESENT-UNREAL Past Subjunctive Present Conditional
PAST-UNREAL Past Perfect

Subjunctive Perfect Conditional
I. PROBABLE CONDITIONS

* These conditions may be easily fulfilled in the present of future time.
- If I have time, I shall visit you

- You will be late for class if you do not hurry.
NOTES:

a) Instead of the Simple Future, we can use CAN / MAY / MUST + VERB (without TO) or
the Imperative in the main clause.

1- If you try hard, you can pass the examination.

2- If anyone asks for me, tell him to call back in half an hour.

b) The Simple Present may be used in the main clause to show a real condition.
3- If you are right, I am wrong.

II. PRESENT – UNREAL CONDITIONS

* These conditions are contrary-to-fact in the present or future time.

* The Past Subjunctive is formed exactly like the Simple Past, except BE (which is WERE
with all persons)

* The Present Conditional is SHOULD / WOULD / COULD / MIGHT / MUST + VERB
(without TO)

4- If I were you, I should help him.

5- She would speak English better if she had more practice.

NOTES: Instead of Past Subjunctive, WERE TO or SHOULD + VERB (without TO) may be
used in the If-clause to emphasize the feeling of doubt.

6- If she were to (If she should) see you here, she would be very surprised.
III. PAST – UNREAL CONDITIONS

* These conditions are contrary-to-fact in the past.

* The Past Perfect Subjunctive is formed exactly like the Past Perfect.

* The Perfect Conditional (or Modal Perfect) is SHOULD / WOULD / COULD / MIGHT /
MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE.

7- If I had known she was sick, I should have visited her.
8- He would have been angry if you had not told him the truth.

NOTES: The Past Perfect Subjunctive in the In-clause may be replaced by COULD HAVE +
PAST PARTICIPLE.

9- If he could have seen you, he would have explained our plan.

GENERAL NOTES ON THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

a) IF may be omitted and WERE, SHOULD or HAD (and sometimes DID) is placed before
the subject in the present-unreal and past-un-real conditions. This inversion of subject and verb

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10- Did she have more practice, she would speak.
English better. (If she had more practice,…)

11- Were she to (Should she) see you, she would be very surprised. (If she...)
12- Had I known she was sick, I should have visited her.

b) UNLESS: IF … NOT (Nếu không)

c) * PROVIDED (THAT), ON CONDITION (THAT), AS LONG AS, SO LONG AS: miễn là, với
điều kiện là:

* SUPPOSE, SUPPOSING : giả sử như

* IN CASE : nhỡ mà, trong trường hợp, nếu, phòng khi
* EVEN IF : ngay cho là, dù là

15- I will accept the job provided the salary is satisfactory.

16- Supposing the third world war were to happen, human civilization would be
destroyed.

17- In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.

18- Even if we had been invited, we could not have come because we were very
busy.

EXERCISES

Supply the correct verb tense, paying careful attention to the tense sequence: 
1. If war (come), the nation will be ready.

2. If today (be) Sunday, we should not have to work.

3. If you don’t study your lessons, you (have) poor marks in the examination.
4. If she had had your address, she (write) to you.

5. I (catch) cold if I went out in the rain.
6. If the weather is nice, we (go) to the beach.

7. If she (write) more carefully, she might not have made so many mistakes.
8. Were he to speak to the like that, I (be) very angry.

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PRACTICE

1. If I were you, I _________ that coat. It’s much too expensive.

a. won’t buy

b. don’t buy

c. wouldn’t buy

d. didn’t buy

2. If I could speak Spanish, I

next year studying in Mexico.

a. will spend

b. had spent

c. would have spent

d. would spend

3. It would have been a much more serious accident

fast at the time.

a. was she driving b. she had driven

c. had she been driving

d. if she drove

4. ‘Can I borrow your car this evening?’ ‘Sure, but Nora’s using it right now. If she

it

back in time. You’re welcome to borrow it.’

a. brought

b. would bring

c. will bring

d. brings

5. If energy

inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different.

a. is

b. will be

c. would be

d. were

6. We

the game if we’d had a few more minutes.

a. could have won

b. won

c. had won

d. will win

7. I

William with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along with each other.

a. hadn’t brought b. didn’t bring

c. wouldn’t have brought

d. won’t bring

8. The lecturer last night didn’t know what he was talking about, but if Dr. Mason

I

would have listened carefully.

a. lectured

b. had been lecturing c. was lecturing

d. would lecture

9. If you

to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.

a. listened

b. will listen

c. had listened

d. listen

10. interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it.

a. If I am

b. Should I

c. I was

d. Were I

11. If I

the same problems you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as

you have.

a. have

b. would have

c. had had

d. should have

12. I

you sooner had someone told me you were in hospital.

a. would have visited

b. visited

c. had visited

d. visit

13. more help, I could call my neighbor.

a. Needed

b. Should I need

c. I have needed

d. I should need

14. then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over

the years.

a. If I know

b. If I would know c. Did I know

d. Had I known

15. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people

the same

language?

a. speak

b. will speak

c. spoke

d. had spoken

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THE REPORTED SPEECH

(STATEMENTS IN REPORTED SPEECH) 
I. Look at these examples:

1. He said, “I will leave here tomorrow”.
He said that he would leave there the following day.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (5)

2. Mary said to me: “I saw them at this place”

Mary told me that she had seen them at that place
(1) (2) (3) (4) (3) (5)
II. Remember to make these FIVE changes: