chính sách “đóng cửa” và “mở cửa” của tây ban nha ở thuộc địa philippines từ cuối thế kỉ xvi đến cuối thế kỉ xix

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<b>SUMMARY INFORMATION ABOUT NEW CONCLUSIONS OF THE</b>

<b>DOCTORAL DISSERTATION</b>

Dissertation’s Name: SPAIN'S "CLOSED-DOOR" AND "OPEN-DOOR" POLICIES IN
PHILIPPINE COLONY FROM THE LATE SIXTEENTH CENTURY TO THE LATE
NINETEENTH CENTURY

Major: World History <i>Code: 62 22 03 11 </i>
<b>Ph.D Candidate’s Full Name: Tran Thi Que Chau </b>

<i>Instructor: Assoc. Prof. Doc. Dang Van Chuong</i>
Training institution: Hue University of Sciences

<b>NEW CONCLUSIONS OF THE DISERTATION</b>

1. On the way to the Orient to the Moluccas Islands, Spain arrived in the Philippines in
1521. After 44 years of exploration and discovery, Legaspi landed in Cebu in 1565. From
this point and onward, the Philpines became part of the Spanish empire for over 300 years.

2. In the first decade after establishing its dominance in the Philippines (1571-1582), in
order to compete with Portugal as well as to extend its influence to other countries in the
region, Spain implemented the encouraging policy to Asian merchant to trade in the
Philippines.

3. From the end of the 16th century to 1762, with the increasing threats of political
security and the pressure of trade competition, Spanish government implemented
"closed-door" policy in Philippine colony through the implementation of restrictive policies,
commercial monopolies and strictly controlled international immigration.

4. Affected by the emerging European economic doctrines in the second half of the
18th century; the abolition of the traditional Manila galleon trade in 1815, made Spain aware

of the need to engage in trade with Asian countries. Spain started moving from the "limited"
to the "free trade" policy as well as allowed foreigners to settle in the Philippines at the end
of the 18th century.

5. Spain’s "closed-door" and "open-door" policies in the Philippines under the
influence of the international and regional context have shaped the distinct characteristics of
the foreign relations of this islands in the colonial period. Simultaneously, these policies have
had implications for the development of the Philippines for many centuries.

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