A study on the influence of Japanese manga and anime on primary schoolers in Hai Phong city

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BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DÂN LẬP HẢI PHỊNG

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ISO 9001:2015

KHĨA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP

NGÀNH: NGÔN NGỮ ANH – NHẬT

Sinh viên : Lương Phú Cường

Giảng viên hướng dẫn : Th.s Khổng Thị Hồng Lê

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRANING 
HAIPHONG PRIVATE UNIVERSITY

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A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF JAPANESE MANGA

AND ANIME ON PRIMARY SCHOOLERS IN HAIPHONG

CITY

GRADUATION PAPER

Student : Luong Phu Cuong 
Class : NA1901N

Supervisor : Khong Thi Hong Le, M.A

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BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DÂN LẬP HẢI PHÒNG 
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NHIỆM VỤ ĐỀ TÀI TỐT NGHIỆP

Sinh viên: Lương Phú Cường Mã SV: 1512753028
Lớp: NA1901N Ngành: Ngôn ngữ Anh - Nhật

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NHIỆM VỤ ĐỀ TÀI

1. Nội dung và các yêu cầu cần giải quyết trong nhiệm vụ đề tài tốt nghiệp
( về lý luận, thực tiễn, các số liệu cần tính tốn và các bản vẽ).

A study on the influence of Japanese manga and anime on primary
schoolers in Hai Phong city

2. Các số liệu cần thiết để thiết kế, tính tốn.

………..
………..
………..
………..
………..
………..
………..
………..
………..

3. Địa điểm thực tập tốt nghiệp.

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CÁN BỘ HƯỚNG DẪN ĐỀ TÀI TỐT NGHIỆP 
Người hướng dẫn thứ nhất:

Họ và tên: Khổng Thị Hồng Lê
Học hàm, học vị: Thạc sĩ

Cơ quan công tác: Đại học Dân lập Hải Phòng

Nội dung hướng dẫn:A study on the influence of manga and anime on
primary schoolers in Haiphong city

Người hướng dẫn thứ hai:

Họ và tên:...
Học hàm, học vị:...
Cơ quan công tác:...
Nội dung hướng dẫn:...

Đề tài tốt nghiệp được giao ngày 01 tháng 07 năm 2019

Yêu cầu phải hoàn thành xong trước ngày 21 tháng 9 năm 2019
Đã nhận nhiệm vụ ĐTTN Đã giao nhiệm vụ ĐTTN

Sinh viên Người hướng dẫn

Hải Phòng, ngày ... tháng...năm 2019

Hiệu trưởng

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CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM

Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc

PHIẾU NHẬN XÉT CỦA GIẢNG VIÊN HƯỚNG DẪN TỐT NGHIỆP 
Họ và tên giảng viên: ...
Đơn vị công tác: ... ...
Họ và tên sinh viên: ... Chuyên ngành: ... 
Đề tài tốt nghiệp: ...

... ...
Nội dung hướng dẫn: ... ...

...

Tinh thần thái độ của sinh viên trong quá trình làm đề tài tốt nghiệp

...
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...
...
...
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1. Đánh giá chất lượng của đồ án/khóa luận (so với nội dung yêu cầu đã đề ra 
trong nhiệm vụ Đ.T. T.N trên các mặt lý luận, thực tiễn, tính tốn số liệu…)

...
...

...
...
...
 3. Ý kiến của giảng viên hướng dẫn tốt nghiệp

Được bảo vệ Không được bảo vệ Điểm hướng dẫn
Hải Phòng, ngày … tháng … năm ...

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CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM

Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc

PHIẾU NHẬN XÉT CỦA GIẢNG VIÊN CHẤM PHẢN BIỆN

Họ và tên giảng viên: ...
Đơn vị công tác: ... ...
Họ và tên sinh viên: ... Chuyên ngành: ... 
Đề tài tốt nghiệp: ... ...
...
...

1. Phần nhận xét của giáo viên chấm phản biện

...
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...
...
...

2. Những mặt còn hạn chế

...
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3. Ý kiến của giảng viên chấm phản biện

Được bảo vệ Không được bảo vệ Điểm phản biện

Hải Phòng, ngày … tháng … năm ... 
Giảng viên chấm phản biện

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the process of doing the graduation paper, I have received a lot of help,
assistance, guidance and encouragement from my teachers, family and friends.

First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my
supervisor Ms. Khong Thi Hong Le, M.A, the lecturer of foreign language
faculty, Haiphong Private University, for her whole-hearted guidance and
support. Without her invaluable recommendations and advice, I could not finish
this thesis.

My sincere thanks are also sent to all the teachers of English department

at Haiphong Private University for their precious and useful lessons during my
four year study which have been then the foundation of this research paper.

Last but not least, I would like to give my heartfelt thanks to my family,
my friends who always encourage and inspire me to complete this graduation
paper.

Hai Phong, September 2019

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgment ... i

Table of contents ... ii

List of abbreviations ... iii

List of tables ... iiii

Part 1: Introduction 
1.1. Rationale...1

1.2. Aims of the study...2

1.3. Methods of the study...2

1.4. Scope of the study...3

1.5. Design of the study...3

Part 2: Development 
Chapter 1: Literature Review...4

1.1. Overview of Japanese manga and anime...4

1.1.1. General theoretic issues about manga and anime...4

1.1.1.1. Notions...4

1.1.1.2. Trait and role of Japanese manga and anime...5

1.2. Generic manga and anime of Japanese...7

1.2.1. Japanese manga and anime industry...7

1.2.2. The influence of Japanese manga and anime on international 
market...9

1.3. Real situation of publishing, consuming Japanese manga and watching 
anime on the internet in Hai Phong...13

1.3.1. Real situation of publishing and consuming Japanese manga in 
HP...13

1.3.2. Real situation of watching anime on the internet in HP...13

Chapter 2: Methodology...14

2.1. Participants...14

2.2. Instrument...14

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Chapter 3: Findings and discussion...15

3.1. Primary schoolers’s popularity of reading manga and watching 
anime...15

3.2. Primary schoolers’s frequency of reading manga and watching 
anime...16

3.3. Types of reading manga and watching anime...17

3.4. Ways of reading manga and watching anime...18

3.5. Locations for reading manga and watching anime...19

3.6. Students’ feelings about read manga and watch anime...20

Chapter 4: Comments and solutions to the impact of Japanese manga and 
anime on primary schoolers in HP...22

4.1. The impacts of Japanese manga and anime on primary schoolers in 
HP...22

4.1.1. The positive impact...22

4.1.2. The negative impact...26

4.2. Solutions to the impact of Japanese manga and anime on primary

schoolers in HP...27

4.2.1. Solutions to management agencies...27

4.2.2. Solutions to publishers and manufacturers...28

4.2.3. Solutions to family...28

4.2.4. Solutions to primary schoolers...28

Part 3: Conclusion
1. Summary...29

2. Limitations...29

3. Recommendations for further study...30

References...31

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Fig.1 Figure 1

Fig.2 Figure 2

GDP Gross Domestic Product

HP Hai Phong

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 The Japanese Animation Market in a Broad Sense(Yen in billions)

Figure 2 The Domestic and Overseas Revenues of Japanese Animation
Industry in a Broad Sense(Yen in billions)

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PART I 
INTRODUCTION 
1.1. Rationale

There is no denying that children are always considered as the first stage of
human life. It’s the stage to equip children with the necessary qualities and
ability to paricipate in their later social life. This is a period of personality
formation for children, forming personal needs, hobbies, thoughts and gender
awareness by the influence of the children’s daily contact with their surrounding
environment. Creating good and healthy habits that is appropriate to the age of
children will positively impact the overall development of children later. Two of
the habits which have a profound effect on the development of thinking,
morality, lifestyle, behavior..., are reading books and watching films.

Today in our contemparory society, parents always encourage the children to
read books and watch films. As a matter of fact, most children usually choose
jokes, comics or cartoon films to entertain themselves after stressful and tiring
lessons. This is also a source of information to learn new knowledge in addition
to media and books in schools. With the strong explosion of information
technology, audiovisual culture has significantly affected the reading habits of
children. Beside the stories, today children can easily access online comics and
films with technology devices when there is an internet connection. It is the
reason for Japanese manga and anime to enter Viet Nam.

Manga and anime are known as one of the cultural values which is very typical
of Japan. Japanese manga and anime has been present in many countries around
the world and contributed to the “Japanese cultural phenomenon”. In Viet Nam,
Japanese manga and anime has strongly influenced many young generations
during the past 22 years. With readable, understandable, nice images and
interesting stories, Japanese manga and anime has created irresistible attraction
for Vietnamese children in general and children in Hai Phong in particular.

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For these reasons, I conduct a study on “The influence of Japanese manga and
anime on primary schoolers in Hai Phong city” with an expectation to look for
impacts of Japanese manga and anime on students in primary schools in Hai
Phong city as well as solutions to minimise their negative effects.

1.2. Aims of the study

This study aims at analyzing the influence of Japanese manga and anime on
primary schoolers in Hai Phong city and giving solutions to develop active
effect and limit their negative effect.

Two research questions were addressed as follow:

 What are the influences of Japanese manga and anime on primary 
schoolers in Hai Phong city?

 What are the solutions to Japanese manga and anime’s impact on 
primary schoolers in Hai Phong city?

1.3. Methods of the study

In order to complete this study, the following methods were employed:

 Analytic and synthetic methods
 Survey methods

 Interview methods

First, the study took full advantage of analytic and synthetic methods to review
all the theories related to the matter from various reliable sources to create the
framework for the data analysis.

Second, survey methods were used to gather data of the primary schoolers to
have an overview and the most accurate view of the current situation.

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1.4. Scope of the study

Studying the influence of Japanese manga and anime on primary schoolers is
immense, so the study can not cover all students in primary schoolers in Hai
Phong city. Therefore, my study was mainly carried out in Dong Hai Primary
school where I used to study.

1.5. Design of the study

This study is composed of three main parts:

Part 1 is the introduction which consists of rationale, aims, study
methods, the scope and design of the study.

Part 2 is the development- the main part of this paper which is
divided into four chapters :

- Chapter one is theoretical background of Japanese manga and anime.

- Chapter two shows detailed explanation of the methodology.

- Chapter three indicates real situation and the influence of Japanese manga
and anime on primary schoolers in Hai Phong city.

- Chapter four is comments and solutions to the impact of Japanese manga
and anime on primary schoolers in Hai Phong city.

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PART II 
DEVELOPMENT

Chapter 1: Literature Review 
1.1. Overview of Japanese manga and anime

1.1.1. General theoretic issues about manga and anime 
1.1.1.1. Notions

According to Wikipedia, Manga is a kind of comics or graphic novels created in
Japan or by creators in Japanese language, conforming to a style developed in
Japan in the late 19th century. They have a long and complex pre-history in
earlier Japanese art.

The term “manga” in Japan is a word used to refer to both comics and
cartooning. “Manga” as a term used outside Japan refers to comics originally
published in Japan.

But Simon (2003) is considered that “Manga, in Japanese, means "flowing
words" or "Undisciplined words". It is an ancient art that has been used for

centuries as a form of entertainment. It's basicallt Japanese comic books, which
can be easily translated to English.”

And Cataphract (2004) is thought that “Manga is to Anime what Comics is to
Cartoons”

Anime is hand-drawn and computer animation originating from or associated
with Japan.

The word anime is the Japanese term for animation, which means all forms of
animated media. Outside Japan, anime refers specifically to animation from
Japan or as a Japanese-disseminated animation style often characterized by
colorful graphics, vibrant characters and fantastical themes. The culturally
abstract approach to the word’s meaning may open up the possibility of anime
produced in countries other than Japan. For simplicity, many Westerners strictly
view anime as a Japanese animation product. Some scholars suggest defining
anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form
of orientalism.

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1.1.1.2. Trait and roles of Japanese manga and anime

Manga history begins very early. In Japan, people soon became intersted in an
art of picture (later manga). Manga of this period was still simply short comic
strips. However, its entertainment value is something no one can deny. Not only
that, the manga also holds an important throughout the history of Japanese art.
Around the middle of the 6th and 7th centuries, monks used parchment rolls
carved as a calendar for tracking time. These scrolls which include symbolic
symbols that represent time, are often decorated with animal images such as
foxes, pandas, ... with the same movements as people (known as animal
characters of animals). The painting, or more precisely, the Choju-jinbutsu-giga

is a delight in animals and humans. This can be considered a premise of Manga.
Kordic, Pereira and Martinique wrote “During the Edo Period (1603-1867),
another book of drawings, Toba Ehon, embedded the concept of manga, yet the
term itself was first used in 1798, to describe the picture book Shiji no Yukikai
(Four Seasons) by Santou Kyouden. In 1814, it showed up again, as the title of
Aikawa Mina’s Manga hyakujo and the celebrated Hokusai Manga books of
drawings by the famous ukiyo-e artist Hokusai”.

The term Manga was perfected by Hokusai artist (this is not a real name), a
painter living with a painting philosophy is completely different from this art at
the time. With a rebellious personality, Hokusai is known for being willing to
argue with his teacher, constantly challenging their working methods. Later, he
created about 30,000 works, some of which focused on anthologies or published
books.

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and different storylines. However, even though Hokusai had made a new
breakthrough with this style of painting (one of the styles he used), the first true
“manga” stories had not appeared until the very beginning 20th

century.

Entering the 20th century, the door of Japanese diplomacy once again opened to
the world. One of them, the "short comic strips" was also introduced, becoming
the catalyst for making manga, a dominant part of the current Japanese
publishing market. Manga of this period was called Ponchi-e. Japan began
publishing magazines with caricatures with a thickness of 1-4 pages, and hired
foreign artists to teach their students about lines, colors, and shapes.

During the war, Japanese comics and caricatures were created to serve many
different purposes. They have humor, entertainment, as well as Western stories,

but at the same time they are also used for the purpose of propagating or
sarcasm in service of national interests, encouraging the morale of soldiers.
However, under heavy defeat at the hands of the Allies at the end of World War
II, many Japanese comics were subject to heavy censorship by the victors, and
the development of what would become "manga "Japan seems to be postponed
indefinitely.

Fortunately, after the war ended, there was a person who stood up to revive the
manga art scene, brought to Japanese culture and came to the world, a
completely new genre of manga. That person, Osamu Tezuka (with the
application of Disney's cartoon style and German and French cinematography)
helped shape the first true manga model, and started an industry that up to now
retains a strategic position in modern Japanese culture.

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on the animation of movement and more on the realism of settings as well as the
use of camera effects, including panning, zooming, and angle shots. Being
hand-drawn, anime is separated from reality by a crucial gap of fiction that provides
an ideal path for escapism that audiences can immerse themselves into with
relative ease. Diverse art styles are used and character proportions and features
can be quite varied, including characteristically large emotive or realistically
sized eyes.

Oliver, K wrote “Japanese anime and comics are the key to unlocking the minds
of the younger generation”. It not only helps the younger generation learn
Japanese culture, but also changes the Japanese-style lifestyle.

1.2. Generic manga and anime of Japanese 
1.2.1. Japanese manga and anime industry

Hays, J (2009) researched about Manga industry in Japan. He confirmed that

manga sales now account for a third of the book and magazine market in Japan,
which translates to about $10 billion in annual sales. About two billion manga
are sold every year (40 percent of all books and magazines in Japan).
Successfull manga are usually made into animated television shows or films,
which are very popular in Japan and have a growing cult audience in the United
States and Europe. They also generate video games, games, collection cards, and
characters goods. The character goods market alone is worth $3.5 billion.

In 2007, the sale of manga books and magazines stood at around ¥470
billion.Most years about 20 to 30 percent of television dramas are derived from
manga.

According to a research of Hiromichi Masuda: “The market recorded 108.0%
growth and the highest sales in 2017, finally crossing the 2 trillion yen mark
driven by overseas sales”.

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Movie enjoyed strong sales thanks to the blockbuster hit movie “Your Name.”
Among those, Overseas, which recorded the largest sales, especially stood out.
The year 2017 was the first year that the Japanese animation market crossed the
2 trillion yen mark (Fig.1).

(From a report about anime industry data in 2018)

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from 9 years ago, reached its peak in 2014 and has declined gradually since then.
Live Entertainment (251%), also a new genre from 4 years ago, showed a
considerable growth.

1.2.2. The influence of Japanese manga and anime on international market 
By 2007, the influence of manga on international comics had grown
considerably over the past two decades. "Influence" is used here to refer to

effects on the comics markets outside Japan and to aesthetic effects on comics
artists internationally.

Traditionally, manga stories flow from top to bottom and from right to left.
Some publishers of translated manga keep to this original format. Other
publishers mirror the pages horizontally before printing the translation, changing
the reading direction to a more "Western" left to right, so as not to confuse
foreign readers or traditional comics-consumers. This practice is known as
"flipping". For the most part, criticism suggests that flipping goes against the
original intentions of the creator (for example, if a person wears a shirt that
reads "MAY" on it, and gets flipped, then the word is altered to "YAM"), who
may be ignorant of how awkward it is to read comics when the eyes must flow
through the pages and text in opposite directions, resulting in an experience
that's quite distinct from reading something that flows homogeneously. If the
translation is not adapted to the flipped artwork carefully enough it is also
possible for the text to go against the picture, such as a person referring to
something on their left in the text while pointing to their right in the graphic.
Characters shown writing with their right hands, the majority of them, would
become left-handed when a series is flipped. Flipping may also cause oddities
with familiar asymmetrical objects or layouts, such as a car being depicted with
the gas pedal on the left and the brake on the right, or a shirt with the buttons on
the wrong side, but these issues are minor when compared to the unnatural
reading flow, and some of them could be solved with an adaptation work that
goes beyond just translation and blind flipping.

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mid-1990s, manga has proven very popular to a wide readership, accounting for
about one-third of comics sales in France since 2004. According to the Japan
External Trade Organization, sales of manga reached $212.6 million within
France and Germany alone in 2006. France represents about 50% of the
European market and is the second worldwide market, behind Japan. Brigid

Alverson wrote: “In 2013, there were 41 publishers of manga in France and,
together with other Asian comics, manga represented around 40% of new
comics releases in the country”, surpassing Franco-Belgian comics for the first
time. Jennifer Fishbein wrote: “European publishers marketing manga translated
into French include Asuka, Casterman, Glénat, Kana, and Pika Édition, among
others. European publishers also translate manga into Dutch, German, Italian,
and other languages. In 2007, about 70% of all comics sold in Germany were
manga”. Manga publishers based in the United Kingdom include Gollancz and
Titan Books. Manga publishers from the United States have a strong marketing
presence in the United Kingdom: for example, the Tanoshimi line from Random
House.

In terms of the United States, manga made their way only gradually into U.S.
markets, first in association with anime and then independently. Some U.S. fans
became aware of manga in the 1970s and early 1980s. However, anime was
initially more accessible than manga to U.S. fans, many of whom were
college-age young people who found it easier to obtain, subtitle, and exhibit video tapes
of anime than translate, reproduce, and distribute tankoubon-style manga books.
One of the first manga translated into English and marketed in the U.S. was
Keiji Nakazawa's Barefoot Gen, an autobiographical story of the atomic
bombing of Hiroshima issued by Leonard Rifas and Educomics (1980–1982).
More manga were translated between the mid-1980s and 1990s, including Golgo
13 in 1986, Lone Wolf and Cub from First Comics in 1987, and Kamui, Area 88,
and Mai the Psychic Girl, also in 1987 and all from Viz Media-Eclipse Comics.
Others soon followed, including Akira from Marvel Comics' Epic Comics
imprint, Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind from Viz Media, and Appleseed
from Eclipse Comics in 1988, and later Iczer-1 (Antarctic Press, 1994) and
Ippongi Bang's F-111 Bandit (Antarctic Press, 1995).

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changed when the translator-entrepreneur Toren Smith founded Studio Proteus

in 1986. Smith and Studio Proteus acted as an agent and translator of many
Japanese manga, including Masamune Shirow's Appleseed and Kōsuke
Fujishima's Oh My Goddess!, for Dark Horse and Eros Comix, eliminating the
need for these publishers to seek their own contacts in Japan”. Simultaneously,
the Japanese publisher Shogakukan opened a U.S. market initiative with their
U.S. subsidiary Viz, enabling Viz to draw directly on Shogakukan's catalogue
and translation skills.

Japanese publishers began pursuing a U.S. market in the mid-1990s due to a
stagnation in the domestic market for manga. The U.S. manga market took an
upturn with mid-1990s anime and manga versions of Masamune Shirow's Ghost
in the Shell (translated by Frederik L. Schodt and Toren Smith) becoming very
popular among fans. An extremely successful manga and anime translated and
dubbed in English in the mid-1990s was Sailor Moon. By 1995–1998, the Sailor
Moon manga had been exported to over 23 countries, including China, Brazil,
Mexico, Australia, North America and most of Europe. In 1997, Mixx
Entertainment began publishing Sailor Moon, along with CLAMP's Magic
Knight Rayearth, Hitoshi Iwaaki's Parasyte and Tsutomu Takahashi's Ice Blade
in the monthly manga magazine MixxZine. Two years later, MixxZine was
renamed to Tokyopop before discontinuing in 2011. Mixx Entertainment, later
renamed Tokyopop, also published manga in trade paperbacks and, like Viz,
began aggressive marketing of manga to both young male and young female
demographics.

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compared to the overall comic book market's 5% growth. The NPD Group noted
that, compared to other comic book readers, manga readers are younger (76%
under 30) and more diverse, including a higher female readership (16% higher
than other comic books).

Besides, The Japanese animation on international market is undeniable as seen

in the figure below.

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1.3. Real situation of publishing, consuming Japanese manga and 
watching anime on the internet in Hai Phong

1.3.1. Real situation of publishing and consuming Japanese manga in HP 
Nowadays, Viet Nam connected 4.0 technology so you can look for manga very
easily by electronic devices. However, it does not affect much on the printed
manga market. Printed manga market is still very eventful. Mrs. Men, the boss
of a manga store said “The manga is imported to Hai Phong every Tuesday and
Friday. With a large fan base of a young section, her store sells about 350 kinds
of story books every week”.

1.3.2. Real situation of watching anime on the internet in HP

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Chapter 2: Methodology 
2.4. Participants

A total of 200 pupils from Dong Hai primary schools participated in the study
including 120 boys and 80 girls. The age of the students was from 8 to 10 years
old. This is the age at which has the earliest exposure to manga and anime. Most
of them find a lot of fun in reading manga and watching anime in their spare
time. Besides, the kids also gain a lot of useful lessons through manga and
anime.

2.5. Data Collection Instruments

In order to collect data for the study, survey questionnaire was chosen
because it is a simple and familiar instrument of collecting information from the
students and is less time-consuming than other instruments.

The questionnaire was aimed at identifying the influence of anime and
manga on Hai Phong primary schoolers. The questionnaire consists of two
sections: the first section was the questions to gain personal information about
the participants and the second section was the questions focusing on the impact
of Japanese anime and manga on students in primary schools.

In addition, interviewing with parents, teachers, bosses of some
bookstores is used as an effective tool to get futher information for this study.

2.6. Data collection and analysis

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Chapter 3: Findings and discussion

3.1. Primary schoolers’s popularity of reading manga and watching anime 
In total of 200 questionnaires, I have obtained the following results:

Basing on the result of the data analysis, it can be clearly seen that the number
of children who likes manga and anime accounts for 89%. Most of the children
show their excitement about these two genres. However, if they access to manga
and anime at an early age, they will have a lot of impact later. Furthermore, the
degree of influence depends on children themselves.

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3.2. Primary schoolers’s frequency of reading manga and watching anime

Figure 4: The frequency of reading manga and watching anime

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3.3. Types of reading manga and watching anime

Figure 5: Types of manga and anime the children likes

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3.4. Ways of reading manga and watching anime

Figure 6: Ways of reading manga and watching anime

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3.5. Locations for reading manga and watching anime

Figure 7: Locations for reading manga and watching anime

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3.6. Students’ feelings about read manga and watch anime

Figure 8: Students’s feelings about the influence of manga and anime

From the chart, it can be clearly seen that the children is affected sexual
awareness represent 90%, next is Personality (56%), Aesthetic and Art (47%)
and Languages & Action & Hobby (35%). Most children are aware of the
difference between boys and girls. Thereby it will detect the bad deeds of
strangers to tell their parents. In addition, manga and anime also help children
learn about deportment and strong life style but several manga and anime will
make children become violent, unruly.

Manga and anime are originally from Japan so it is good for kids who love
Japanese. They can practice listening, speaking, or reflecting with Japanese
words, thus improving the missing vocabulary. Besides, the lines that Japanese
people use are highly educational. It helps children be more polite to everyone
and cultivates a cultural, ethical lifestyle.

In addition, Japanese manga and anime have a great impact on the actions of
children. The virtues of the Japanese people are very kind and hard-working, so
they can learn a lot from them. Through manga and anime the children learn to

be aware of their surroundings and daily work. This is very effective for children
in cognitive education from a young age.

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world. We will feel that we like things in movies and stories more in real life, so
we do not interact with anything else in society. For example, many young
Japanese now lock themselves up in their rooms and don't interact with anyone.
That led to the economic downturn for the country.

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Chapter 4: Comments and solutions to the impact of Japanese manga and 
anime on primary schoolers in HP

4.1. The impacts of Japanese manga and anime on primary schoolers in HP 
4.1.1. The positive impact

First of all, it is undeniable that manga has a significant influence on the
formation of the personality of children.

According to the available documents and according to sociological survey, it
can be said that manga and anime have a great significance in entertainment. In
the stressful and overwhelming study situation of children in Hai Phong like
today, the comic element in the comics helps children feel refreshed and can
forget the tiredness after school , help children get together when they "laugh"
about a character in the story. In addition to the meaning of entertainment, there
are also positive effects to the following:

They contribute to establish civilized behavior and ethical behavior for children.
In the manga and anime, the stories often contain deep, gentle and subtle
educational meanings. As in the Doraemon story, a story that most children in
big cities are passionate about, the whole story wants to encourage them to
appreciate and unite with their friends through the friendship of their friends.

Chaien, Nobita, Suneo boys, being polite to grandparents and parents; conscious
of environmental protection.

Nguyen Ngoc Minh Chau, a primary schooler, said: “We learn from Doremon,
Xuka (Doremon), Conan (the famous Detective Conan), Yugi (Game King),
Carol (Egyptian Queen) ... kindness, altruism, a sense of independence and
willingness to help friends, honesty, hard work, and energy to rise up in life. We
know that, in order to have a friendship and beautiful love, people have to help
each other in difficult times, love, trust each other, share the joys and sorrows,
live openly and harmoniously ”.

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destinations in the world like Hawai ; Phu Si mountain; Cherry blossoms with
Japanese cultural symbols, and the majestic images of samurai who always do
the meaning and overcome difficulties have entered the hearts of children,
imprinted in their minds as representing beauty. . Aesthetic education for
children - an age through visual perception, then education with comics is the
most effective method. As Danh Hai said: ... "from the story" The rich "I found
that to become a charming and beautiful girl, you need to know how to choose
your outfit, not to follow the trend. special needs their own personality,
intelligence and good housewife "....

In addition, sexual education is also mentioned in manga and anime. Early
emotions, very young emotions, and the secret things of boys and girls reaching
puberty are all mentioned by the manga. Surely the little ones can not forget the
desires, calculations, made to get the affection of the beautiful girlfriend, good at
studying Xuka of three boys: Nobita, Suneo, Chaien ...

What is more, children can expand their knowledge and improve their creativity.
Only through an episode "Doraemon book - maths cube", which is considered as
an interesting "pocketbook" of many children because they can help children

learn while playing and having fun and at the same time, she has been
promoting her creativity through jigsaw puzzles, very ordinary jobs like helping
her mother with bricks, making carpentry, directing with Xuka, making toy vane,
and Nobita look I ... but also require their ability to think quite high. This helps
them discover many good methods from cube math to apply quick and easy
calculations to their subjects in class and at school.

When asked, "What do you learn from Japanese manga and anime?", Some
answered: "Japanese comics help me to see the beauty of nature and human
soul." I learned about the Nile, about Egypt with the temples from "Queen of
Egypt", Mount Fuji, the Hawaiian Sea from "Doraemon" ... "

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the mystic, into the logic of relationships, making the thinking of young children
always moving ....

Not only has the plot good, the subject is attractive, but the manga with a simple,
flexible drawing method, the painting emphasizes a few key points, but can
completely describe the plot, the picture seems to have a strange charm virtual
for students, they make them want to explore, like imagining what they want to
describe. Painting not only guides children to beauty and enjoyment of beauty,
but also makes them completely change their thinking about painting. With a
simple, uncomplicated pen stroke, like the characters in a manga, they can
express what they want to say. Painting is geometry, math, manga helps students
scale, balance images more accurately ....

It is worth noting that manga and anime not only affects children's cultural
activities, but also the painting style for children in Vietnam, including Hai
Phong.

Unlike reading, the influence of Japanese manga on Vietnam's art of drawing

comics through two distinct trends: active and non-active reception.

+ The inactive reception manifested by the "amateur painter" is usually the
children who are interested in manga, have a little talent in painting, comics
drawing in manga style. Currently in Vietnam, there are three biggest comic
magazines: Vietnamese prodigy Fanclub; M’heaven; Young comics have a
monthly circulation of nearly 50,000 copies; Only published works of the pen
generation 8X (1980), 9X (1990). There are many opinions that the comics on
these three magazines "... are Japanese style". And one of the most obvious
influence is that through the entrance exams to Yet Kieu Fine Arts University -
where the largest artists in the country are trained, many professors and lecturers
of the school complained that: Children today paint grandparents. father,
mother ... the dearest ones are not round, complete, like previous generations of
children, but they are all from the prism of the characters in Japanese comics.

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Bookstore ... due to the awareness of attractiveness. , the attraction of comics
was drawn in the style of manga, so every year, Kim Dong Publishing House
launched campaigns to create comic books for children, which attracted many
professional painters from all over the country. projected. Since the 1999
competition, the publisher has clearly defined the genre of children's comics: “...
comics must be a genre with strange layout and beautiful emotions about visual
language, how the authors to exploit the depth and create a strong visual
impression ... ”. Through competitions, there are works of famous painters who
are close to manga comics - comic books, which are comic books in which each
child can gather a great deal of information. great. The events and character
actions on each page are repressive and engaging, in line with the imagination of
contemporary children, the element of humor and imagination has been
exploited, remaining meager, like “Ti and Teo adventure ky” by artist Dao Hai.
Behind the ghostly mischief of the two main characters, Ti and Teo, the reader
re-finds the lovely features of the student age. It is the intelligence associated

with the humorous humor. By creating attractive images that are easy to laugh.
Softly educational content with unexpected discoveries, the series has attracted a
young readership.

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Following the Vietnamese prodigy, Phan Thi and his team collaborated with
Kim Dong Publishing House to complete a 14-volume historical comic series
remaking the Hung Vuong era through the myths of Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh,
even though previously Many comics are written about this legend.

Faced with the passion of young people, many universities have opened a new
major: Animation - Manga- Digital for young people who are passionate about
creating comics.

As such, manga style has had a great influence, not only on the art of painting in
Chinese and Korean comics, but also in Vietnam.

Besides, primary schoolers in Hai Phong also received numerous benefits from
Japanese manga and anime as well as historical manga of Viet Nam.

4.1.2. The negative impact

In addition to the positive effects above, Japanese comics have had many
negative effects on teenagers and children. According to a survey of parents and
teachers, many people complain that they are more or less affected in the manga
language. They often use short words, or imitate the language and speech of
martial artists, detectives ... use the word "I" to replace the word "children,
grandchildren, I ..." when addressing with adults, friends. For example: I will go
now. I will do it. I will help you ... The communication language in the war
affects the writing language, as well as your literary thinking. According to the
parents, comics in general and manga in particular have partly ruined their

children's literary minds.

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Or as in books for young children but the words in the stories are often
sentimental, wet, and often refer to love, to marriage. As the opening in the story
"By the green window" is the sentence: "... if one day a guy came to ask you to
marry you, then what do you think? ..." The characters in the story are often
Parents criticize that they are revealing clothes, not suitable for students' age.

The influence of sex comics. In recent years, many Japanese comics have
appeared on the cover of the small print "For ages 18+", with heavy sexual
content, but in fact readers are not only 18 or older. but also the students at the
age of 12, 13. Like, "Hot Gimmick", by Aihara Miki, published by Young
Publishing House. With cluttered writing, with quite new concepts for teenagers
in Vietnam, such as: "love practice", "practice wife" ..., or in the book "Love
students", " The Angel of Tokyo ”by Yoshiki Nakamura, re-published by Thanh
Hoa Publishing House, is full of scams, killings, tricks ..., which many parents
classify as R + (super violent) books ...

What's even more dangerous is that there have been a lot of websites recently
offering free downloads of paintings, comics, cartoons and porn games (all
drawn in the style of Japanese manga and anime). Comic books are presented
in .pdf format for viewing on a computer, or printed as a book. Famous as the
Hentai series. Their content revolves around sex relations, obscene images, sex
movies not inferior to sex films of "real people" ...

4.2. Solutions to the impact of Japanese manga and anime on primary 
schoolers in HP

4.2.1. Solutions to management agencies

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4.2.2. Solutions to publishers and manufacturers

Publishers and manufacturers should have warnings to customers outside the
manga covers or CD covers for parents to identify. In addition, it also helps
distributors and retailers can easily classify the audience and age of purchase.
This leads to tighter management of black cultural products in the market.

4.2.3. Solutions to family

Parents should equip themselves with the basics of manga and anime to guide
their children to age-appropriate films or comics. They can choose films that are
good for their children. In addition, they also need to manage time and content
before showing it to their children.

4.2.4. Solutions to primary schoolers

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PART 3 
CONCLUSION 
1. Summary

Based on the findings and interpretations in the data analysis, the following
conclusion could be drawn.

Manga and anime have a profound influence on children in general and on
primary schoolers in Haiphong in particular. They affect children’s various
aspects such as personality, language, action and hobby, aesthetic and art as well
as sexual awareness. Reading manga and watching anime have both sides,
positive and negative. Therefore, in order to reduce their negative impacts and
make use of their positive impacts, the following methods are suggested.

First, primary schoolers need to be well equipped with manga and anime as well
as learn its advantages and disadvantages.

Second, parents need to understand the benefits and harms of manga and anime
for children. Since then the direction of young children developed in a positive
direction. In addition, it is necessary to control and teach children to avoid
cultural products that are not suitable for their age.

Third, the city government should promote strict control of access to dangerous
websites in order to create a healthy environment for children to learn and
interact.

Finally, we need to work together to build a healthy, safe and suitable
community for manga and anime lovers for children.

2. Limitations

Although this research was carefully prepared, I am still aware of its limitations
and shortcomings.

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Besides, I also haven't taken many measures to minimize the negative influence
of manga and anime.

3. Recommendations for further study

From the limitations of this study, the researcher would like to give some
suggestions for further study. First, there exists a limitation concerning the data
collection for the study. Due to the time and financial constraints, the designed
exercises were only administered to a small population of primary schoolers
(200), which had a great influence on the reliability and accuracy of the

collected data to some extent. Therefore, other studies may focus on students in
secondary, high schools or universities. Second, within the scope of minor thesis,
the subject of the study mainly aims at understanding the influence of manga
and anime and then offering solutions. Hence, the forthcoming researches may
be explore and provide solutions to subjects of other ages.

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REFERENCES

1. Brad Stephenson (2019). What is anime. Retrieved August 19th 2019 from

2. Brigid, A. (2014). Strong French Manga Market Begins to Dip. Retrieved
February 12th 2014 from
/>

topic/booknews/comics/article/61030-strong-french-manga-market-begins-to-dip.html

3. Cataphract (2004). Manga. Retrieved September 14th 2004 from

4. Hays, J. (2009). Manga industry in Japan. Retrieved January 2013 from

5. Jennifer, F. (2007). Europe’s Manga Mania. Retrieved December 27th
2007 from
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6. Kordic, A &Pereira, L & Martinique, E. (2016) . A Short History of

Japanese Manga. Retrieved September 24th 2016 from

7. Oliver, K. (2017) . The Importance of Manga and Anime. Retrieved

February 3rd 2017 from

8. Schodt, F. L. (1996). Dreamland Japan: Writings on Modern Manga. 
Berkeley, California: Stone Bridge Press

9. Simon, B. (2003). Manga. Retrieved October 2nd 2003 from

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APPENDIX

Questionnaire about the influence of Japanese manga and anime 
Bảng câu hỏi về ảnh hưởng của manga và anime Nhật

This questionnaire was designed to investigate the influence of Japanese manga
and anime of Dong Hai primary school pupils. I hope you take some time to
answer the questions below in a most honest way. All information provided by
you is kept completely confidential and only used for research purposes. Your
help will help me complete my graduation. I sincerely thank you.

(Bảng câu hỏi này được thiết kế nhằm điều tra ảnh hưởng của truyện tranh và
phim hoạt hình Nhật Bản của học sinh tiểu học Đông Hải. Tôi rất mong các em
dành chút thời gian trả lời các câu hỏi dưới đây một cách trung thực nhất. Mọi
thông tin các em đưa ra đều được giữ bí mật hồn tồn và chỉ được dùng cho
mục đích nghiên cứu. Sự giúp đỡ của các em sẽ giúp tơi hồn thành khóa luận

tốt nghiệp của mình. Tơi xin chân thành cảm ơn các em.)

Gender (Giới tính):  Male (Nam)  Female (Nữ)
Class (Lớp):  Lớp 3  Lớp 4  Lớp 5
Your age (Tuổi của em):

The following is some prepared questions. Please choose by folding your
answers. (Sau đây là một số câu hỏi được chuẩn bị sẵn. Các em hãy lựa chọn
bằng cách khoanh vào các đáp án)

1. Do you like reading Japanese manga and anime? (Các em có thích đọc
truyện tranh và xem phim hoạt hình Nhật Bản khơng?)

A. Yes (Có)
B. No (Không)

2. How often do you read manga and watch Japanese anime? (Các em có
thường xuyên đọc truyện, xem phim hoạt hình Nhật Bản khơng?)
A. Once of week (1 lần 1 tuần)

B. Many times of week (Nhiều lần 1 tuần)

C. Saturday and Sunday (Thứ 7 và chủ nhật)

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3. What kind of Japanese manga and anime do you like? You can choose
multiple answers. (Các em thích thể loại truyện và phim nào? Các em có
thể chọn nhiều phương án)

A. Action (Hành động)
B. Adventure (Phiêu lưu)

C. Comedy (Hài kịch)
D. Detective (Trinh thám)
E. Historical (Lịch sử)

F. Horror (Kinh dị)

G. Romance (Lãng mạn)

H. Science fiction and fantasy (Khoa học viễn tưởng và giả tưởng)

I. Sports and games (Thể thao và trò chơi)

J. Others ( Khác)

4. In what ways do you read manga and watch anime? (Các em đọc truyện
và xem phim bằng cái gì?

A. Phone (Điện thoại di động)
B. Computer (Máy tính)
C. Ipad (Máy tính bảng)

D. Paper manga, CD (Truyện giấy, đĩa)

5. Where do you often read manga and watch anime? (Các em thường đọc
truyện và xem phim ở đâu?)

A. At home (Ở nhà)