COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
1. TRANSITIVE VERBS (Ngoại động từ): diễn tả hành động trực tiếp lên người hoặc vật nào
đó, theo sau bởi danh từ hoặc tân ngữ trực tiếp
Eg: Let’s invite Sally.
You surprised me.
Có thể đổi qua thể bị động
2. INTRANSITIVE VERBS (Nội động từ): diễn tả hành động dừng lại ở người nói hoặc người
thực hiện hành động đó, khơng cần tân ngữ trực tiếp
Eg: Sit down
The children are playing
Không thể đổi qua thể bị động
3. Nhiều động từ vừa là ngoại động từ vừa là nội động từ
Eg:
He ran as fast as he could
He has no idea how to run a business
Flowers grow in the garden
They grow flowers in the garden

COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
1. Tính từ ngắn – Tính từ dài
a. Tính từ ngắn
- Có 1 âm tiết: loud – louder – loudest ; short – shorter – shortest
- Có 2 âm tiết và kết thúc bằng: -y, -ow, -et, -er, -le
happy – happier – happiest ; narrow – narrower – narrowest ; quiet – quieter – quietest ; clever
– cleverer – cleverest ; simple – simpler – simplest
b. Tính từ dài
- Có 1 âm tiết và kết thúc bằng –ed: bored – more bored – the most bored
- Có 2 âm tiết, khơng kết thúc bằng -y, -ow, -et, -er, -le
useful – more useful – the most useful
- Có 3 âm tiết trở lên: expensive – more expensive – the most expensive
c. Có một số tính từ vừa là tính từ ngắn vừa là tính từ dài: free, keen, safe, sure, true, wise,

clever, common, gentle
2. Comparatives
S + V + COMPARATIVE ADJ/ADV + THAN + PRONOUN / S + V / NOUN
Eg: She is more clever / cleverer than him
Tom did the exam better than I did
Her house is more beautiful than mine / my house.
* Có thể sử dụng even, much, (by) far, a lot, ( ) times để làm tăng mức độ so sánh
Eg: He is even better than his brother
This book is much more expensive
This river is three times longer than that river


* Dùng các từ a bit, a little, slightly để giảm mức độ so sánh
Eg: He studies a bit harder than me.
This hotel is slightly cheaper than that one.
 Comparison of noun
• There are more / fewer boys than girls in my class.
• We drank more / less coffee than he did
3. Superlatives
S + V + SUPERLATIVE (+ N)
Eg: This film is the longest of the three
John is the most outgoing person in class
This is the commonest / the most common mistake
4. Irregular
Good
Bad
Much / many
Little
Far
Old

better
worse
more
less
farther / further
older / elder

the best
the worst
the most
the least
the farthest / the furthest
the oldest / the eldest

5. Positive comparison
S + V + AS + ADJ/ADV + AS + NOUN / PRONOUN / S + V
S + V + NOT + AS/SO + ADJ/ADV + AS + NOUN / PRONOUN / S + V
Eg: John said that no other car could go as fast as his car.
Ann cannot cook as/so well as her sister does.
*Có thể dùng twice / half
Eg: Your room is twice as large as mine
He works half as hard as he used to
 The same as
Eg: Tom’s salary is as much as mine.
Tom’s salary is the same as mine.
 Tom gets the same salary as me.
6. Double comparison
S + V + COMPARATIVE AND COMPARATIVE
Eg: Their business is getting better and better

It rained more and more heavily as the game was going on
There are fewer and fewer people coming to this vacation spot.


THE COMPARATIVE + S + V, THE COMPARATIVE + S + V
Eg: The earlier she leaves, the sooner she will arrive.
The more you study, the more knowledge you gain
The more dangerous it is, the more I like it.
be more of something than something: to be one thing rather than another
• It was more of a holiday than a training exercise.
more/less/much of a something : used for describing the importance of a quality that
something has
• It was really more of a comment than a question.
• Jet travel has made moving from place to place less of an ordeal.
• Getting tickets for Tuesday shouldn’t be much of a problem.

ORDER OF ADJECTIVES