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<b>SO-THEREFORE-BUT-HOWEVER</b>


<b>1. So and Therefore:</b>


So and therefore (vì thế, cho nên) cho biết rằng điều được nói đến là kết quả hợp logic của những
gì đã được nhắc đến trước đó.


Ex: 1. It began to rain, <i><b>so</b></i> I opened my umbrella.


2. Ann didn’t study well. <i><b>Therefore</b></i>, she failed the test.


<i>Notes:</i>


- <b>Therefore</b> thường đặt sau dấu chấm, dấu hai chấm, dấu chấm phẩy, phía sau có dấu phẩy (hoặc
khơng có cũng khơng sai nhưng thường thì có).


- <b>So</b> thường đặt sau dấu phẩy.


<b>2. But and However:</b>


But and however (nhưng, tuy nhiên) diễn đạt điều thứ 2 trái ngược điều thứ 1.
Ex: 1. They were late, but they didn’t hurry.


2. They were late. However, they didn’t hurry.


<i>Notes</i>


- <b>However</b> thường đặt sau dấu chấm, hoặc dấu chấm phẩy.
- <b>But</b> thuờng đặt sau dấu phẩy


<b>EXERCISE</b>



<b>Fill in each blank with “but, so, however, or therefore” where appropriate:</b>


1. Lan studied very hard, ______________ she passed the exam very easily.
2. It was midnight, ______________ the restaurant was still open.


3. He told me not to do it; ______________, I did it.


4. It started to rain hard. ______________, we decided to stay at home to watch TV.
5. The bus fare is expensive; ______________, I prefer to walk.


6. I would rather travel by train, ______________ the bus leaves earlier.
7. The sun was warm, ______________ a cool breeze blew in from the sea.
8. I have read this book before; ______________, I don’t remember the plot.


9. My teeth were hurting, ______________ I made an appointment to go the dentist.


10. I wanted to go to the rock concert, ______________ all the tickets were already sold out.
11. I wanted to eat sushi for dinner, ______________ I went to a Japanese restaurant.


12. The food prices rise too much; ______________, people’s life become difficult.
13. The test was very difficult; ______________, all students were able to finish it.
14. Tom has a bike, ______________ he always walks to school.


15.I am afraid that the company is in deep trouble. ______________, we are going to make some
people redundant.


16. He was tired, ______________he continued to work.


17. We didn’t hear anything from him, ______________ we began to feel worried.



18. She thought the figures were correct. ______________, she has now discovered some errors.
19. This is the shortest way to the city center; ______________, it is not the only way.


20. The boy was able to learn English, ______________ he is very lazy.


21. He didn’t attend the lesson, ______________ he could not do his homework.
22. It was midnight, ______________ they closed the restaurant and went home.


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25. Ann didn’t study well. ______________ she failed her test.
26. It was cold, ____________ I still went swimming.


27. She was feeling bad; ________________, she went to school and tried to learn.
28. Bod ate a large dinner, _____________ he is still hungry.


29 I had a lot of exercise to do, ________________ I couldn’t go to the movie with you.


30. My brother wanted to buy a novel, ______________ he went to the bookstore after he finished
his work.


31. We looked everywhere; _____________, we couldn’t find the keys.
32. The child was sleepy. _______________, we went home early.


33. The rice is 5000 dong per kilo; _______________, we bought 10 kilos.
34. Hung studied very hard, _______________he still failed the exam.
35. Jane has caught a cold, _______________ she needs to take a rest.




……….<sub></sub>



<b>BECAUSE/ BECAUSE OF/ DESPITE/ IN SPITE OF</b>


<b>/ THOUGH/ ALTHOUGH/ EVEN THOUGH</b>



<b>I. Complete the following sentences with because/ because/ although/ in spite of: </b>


1. __________ he worked hard, he didn’t receive any praise.
2. He ate the chocolate cake __________ he is on diet.


3. __________ the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movies every Saturday.
4. __________ it was cold, I went out.


5. __________ John didn’t study hard, he succeeded.
6. We took many picture __________ the cloudy sky.


7. __________ her poor memory, the old woman told interesting stories to the children.
8. She went home early __________ she didn’t feel well.


9. I couldn’t get to sleep __________ the noise.


10. The students arrived late __________ the traffic jam.
11. He went home early __________ he was feeling sick.


12. He went to work the next day __________ he was still feeling not well.
13. She only accepted the job __________ the high salary.


14. She accepted the job __________ the slow salary.


15. The old man managed to get to sleep __________ there was a lot of noise.
16. The old man couldn’t get to sleep __________ the noise dark.



17. His shirt is still dirty __________ he has washed it three time.


18. __________ he’s got a Vietnamese name, he’s in fact a Cambodian.
19. __________ her injured feet, she managed to get home before
20. They lost the match __________ they were a better team.
21. We stayed late __________ we were tired.


22. They went swimming __________ the coldness of the water.
23. I enjoy the course __________ the professor is a good teacher.
24. __________ my warning, they went ahead with their plan.
25. We all felt tired __________ the hot weather.


26. They managed to work together__________ their differences of opinion.
27. __________ she lost her way twice, she arrived safely.


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29. Kitty wanted to report on the war __________ the danger.
30. __________ the café was crowded, we found a table.
31. My sister got the job __________ she didn’t expect to.
32. __________ I told absolute truth, noone would believe me.
33. Mr. Quang felt very tired __________a sleepiness night.
34. __________ his hard work, he didn’t get a promotion.
35. She couldn’t come to class __________ her illness.


36. She couldn’t get a better job __________ she had a poor education.
37. __________ Mathew doesn’t know any French it is one of his subject.
38. __________ the story was silly, I enjoyed the film.


39. They are happy __________ they have little money.
40. I had to postpone the trip __________ the heavy rain.



<b>II. Choose the best option (A, B, C, D) to complete the following sentences:</b>


1. __________ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.


A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Although
2. __________, he walked to the station.


A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tired
C. In spite being tired D. Despite tired


3. She left him __________ she still loved him.


A. because B. although C. in spite of D. despite
4. __________ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.


A. Because B. Although C. In spite of D. Despite of
5. __________ they are twin brothers, they do not look like.


A. Although B. Because of C. Because D. In spite of
6. Julie failed the exam __________ of working very hard.


A. despite B. in spite C. because D. though
7. She walked home by herself __________ she knew that it was dangerous.
A. because of B. though C. because D. which
8. __________ they are brothers, they do not look like.


A. Although B. Because C. Despite D. In spite of
9. She left him __________ she still loved him.


A. because of B. although C. in spite of D. despite


10. He refused to give up work, __________ he’s won a million pounds.


A. despite B. because of C. although D. in spite of


11. __________ having the best qualifications among all the applicants, Justin was not offered the
job.


A. Although B. While C. In spite of D. Despite of
12. Bruce was not praised __________ he was a hard worker.


A. despite B. in spite of C. although D. no matter how
13. __________, he has continued to work on his thesis.


A. Although all these problems B. Even though there are problems
C. Despite of all these problems D. In spite of there are problems


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A. In spite B. In spite of C. although D. Despite
15. I could not eat __________ I was very hungry.


A. even though B. in spite C. despite D. despite of
16. In spite __________, the baseball game was not cancelled.


A. the rain B. of the rain C. it was raining D. there was a rain
17. The children slept well despite __________.


A. it was noise B. the noise C. of the noise D. noisy
18. Our new neighbors are quite nice __________ they are sometimes talkative.
A. despite B. in spite of C. though D. as though
19. __________ of the difficulty, they managed to climb to the top of the mountain.
A. In spite B. Despite C. But D. Although


20. __________, he could not finish the job.


A. As hard as he work B. Despite he worked hard
C. Though he worked hard D. Although hard work
21. He went to work __________ his headache.


A. despite B. although C. because D. because of
22. Though __________, they are good friends.


A. their sometimes quarrel B. to have a quarrel sometimes
C. they sometimes have a quarrel D. of having a quarrel sometimes
23. Despite __________, we arrived on time.


A. the traffic B. of the traffic


C. there was heavy traffic D. of there was heavy traffic
24. __________ it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.


A. If B. Since C. Although D. Because
25. We understood him __________ he spoke very fast.


A. because of B. though C. in spite of D. despite
26. _________ all my warnings, he tried to fix the computer himself.


A. Because B. Because of C. Although D. In spite of
27. Hans finished school __________ his leg injury.


A. because of B. despite C. though D. because
28. I try to do my homework __________ the noise



A. because of B. although C. despite of D. in spite of
29. __________ it rained heavily, we enjoyed our holiday.


A. Because of B. Because C. Despite D. Though
30. __________ having little money, they are happy.


A. Despite B. Because of C. Although D. Because
31. __________ she was not well, she still went to work.


A. Because B. Because of C. Although D. In spite of
32. We are going to have a picnic __________ the bad weather.


A. because B. despite C. although D. because of
33. Although the sun was shining, __________.


A. it wasn’t very hot B. it was very hot C. yet it was very hot D. but it was very hot
34. __________ his poor health, Mr. Brown still works hard to support his family.


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35. I gave up the job __________ the attractive salary.


A. because B. because of C. although D. despite
36. __________ my father is old, he still goes jogging.


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