ENGLISH PROGRAM 2

Grammar: Present perfect vs Past simple

Usage:

An action began in the past
 now.

Ex: I have learn English for
3 years.

An action that happened in
the past at an unspecific
time.

Ex: They have lost my key.

An action has just
happened.

Ex: He has just gone out

Usage:

An action that happened
and ended at a specific time
in the past.

Ex: She learned English 3
years ago.


An action that happened
over a period but ended in
the past.

Ex: We skated for 15 years
but now we stop.

Tell a story

Ex: One upon a time, there
was a beautiful princess,….


Form

Present Perfect
S + have/has + Ved/Vc3 + O

S + have/has – not + Ved/Vc3
+ O

Have/has + S + Ved/Vc3 + O?

Simple past

S+ Ved/VC2 + O

S + didn’t + V + O.


Did + S + V + O?


Time expression

Since, for,

Already, yet,

Ever, never,

Several times,

For ages,

For a while,

..ago, last…, in 1991

When I was young.


Present perfect vs Present perfect
continuous

P.P emphasizes on
result

P.P.C emphasizes on
the continuity of time,

duration of time.
Both are used to describe an action that happened in the past now.


Form

Present Perfect
S + have/has + Ved/Vc3 + O

S + have/has – not + Ved/Vc3
+ O

Have/has + S + Ved/Vc3 + O?

Time expression: many
times, several times,..

Present Perfect
S + have/has + been _ Ving +
O

S + have/has – not + been –
Ving + O

Have/has + S + been _ Ving
+ O?

Time expression: “all day”,
“for ages”..

Past continuous

Usage:

An action that happened at a point of time in
the past:

 I was teaching at this time yesterday.

An interrupted action

 When he was watering the garden, it
rained.


Form:

S + was/were + V-ing + O

S + was/were _ not + V-ing + O

Were/was + S + V-ing + O?

Time expression: ago, last, yesterday, in
1992, ….(when, while)


Past perfect


An action that had happened before another
action that happened in the past.
She had left before I came.

 After I had had breakfast, I went to class.
 After the teacher entered class, students
stood up to say hello.


About Future

Simple present

Events schedule or
timetable (to be, open,
close, begin, start, end,
finish, arrive, come, leave,
return,…)

 The train leaves
Sydney at 9.00
tomorrow.

Present continuous

A definite plan or an
arrangement.
 Mark is taking his CEA
exam next week.