ANH VĂN 12 - ÔN LUYỆN CÁC CHỦ ĐIỂM NGỮ PHÁP CHO KỲ THI ...

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ÔN LUYỆN CÁC CHỦ ĐIỀM NGỮ PHÁP CHO KỲ THI THPTQG

CHỦ ĐIỀM 3 : PASSIVE VOICE (Thể bị động)

A. LÍ THUYẾT :

I. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG:

Ex: Active: Susan wrote a letter.

Passive: A letter was written by Susan.
Active: He has bought some books.

Passive: Some books have been bought (by him).

II. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI HÌNH THỨC ĐỘNG TỪ CỦA MỘT SỐ THÌ

TENSES ACTIVE FORM PASSIVE FORM

Simple present V1 / Vs(es) Am / is / are + P.P

Present continuous Am / is / are + V-ing Am / is / are + being + P.P

Present perfect Has / have + P.P Has / have + been + P.P

Simple past V2 / V-ed Was / were + P.P

Past continuous Was / were + V-ing Was / were + being + P.P

Past perfect Had + P.P Had + been + P.P

Simple future Will / shall + V1 Will / shall + be + P.P

Future perfect Will/ shall + have + P.P Will / shall + have + been + P.P

Ex: People speak English all over the world. 
→ English is spoken all over the world.
They built the museum in 1990.
→ The museum was built in 1990.

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We have watched this film several times.
→ This film has been watched several times.
She will give us another chance.
→ We will be given another chance.

They had made an announcement before I came.
→ An announcement had been made before I came.
Note:

- Nếu tân ngữ trong câu bị động chỉ sự vật, sự việc thì ta dùng giới từ with thay by
Ex: Smoke filled the room. → The room was filled with smoke.

- Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + O; trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + O

III. CÁC DẠNG KHÁC TRONG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG:

1. Dạng động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verbs)

Modal verbs (can / may / should / ought to…) + be + P.P 
Ex: We should encourage her to take that job.

→ She should be encouraged to take that job.
They ought to send us the application form.
→ The application form ought to be sent to us.

2. Dạng động từ nguyên mẫu: to be + P.P 
Ex: She wishes them to inform the news. 
→ She wishes to be informed the news.

3. Dạng V-ing: being + P.P 
 Ex: I like being invited to parties.

4. Dạng câu có 2 túc từ

S + V + Indirect O + Direct O 
Cách 1: S + be + P.P + Direct O + by O

Ex: My brother has bought me some English books. 
S V In.O D.O

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Cách 2: S + be + P.P + to / for + Indirect O + by O 
Ex: My brother has bought me some English books.

→ Some English books have been bought for me by my brother.
My friend told me an interesting story

→ An interesting story was told to me by my friend.
Note:

- Các động từ thường đi với giới từ to là: give, send, show, lend, promise, hand, pay, read, throw, wish,
offer, …

- Các động từ thường đi với giới từ for là: buy, get, make, do, leave, save, …

5. Dạng động từ chỉ ý kiến: say, think, report, believe, rumour, …

Active: S + say / think + that + S2 + V2 + O2 …

Passive: - It + is / was + said / thought … + that + S2 + V2 + O2 …

- S2 + is / was/ are … + said / thought … + to-inf … (hành động trong 2 mệnh đề xảy ra đồng thời
hoặc hành động 2 xảy ra sau)

- S2 + is / was/ are … + said / thought … + to have + V3 (hành động 2 xảy ra trước)
- S2 + is / was/ are … + said / thought … + to be + V-ing (hành động 2 dùng thì tiếp diễn)
Ex: People said that he had left.

→ It was said that he had left.
→ He was said to have left.

Ex: They think he is a good doctor. 
→ It is thought that he is a good doctor
→ He is thought to be a good doctor.
Ex: They said that John was living in London.

→ It was said that John was living in London.
→ John was said to be living in London.

Ex: They expect that the price of oil will go down next month. 
→ It is expected that the price of oil will go down next month.
→ The price of oil is expected to go down next month.

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It is / was + focus + who / that + be + P.P
Who: chỉ người

That: chỉ vật, nơi chốn, thời gian
Ex: They gave Mary a lot of presents.

→ It was Mary who was given a lot of presents.
My friend sends me some flowers.

→ It is some flowers that are sent to me by my friend.

* Note:

- Get + P.P có thể dùng thay cho be + P.P trong một số trường hợp
Ex: She got impressed by his sincerity.

→ She was impressed by his sincerity.

7. Thể sai khiến, nhờ vả:

Active: S + have + O người + V1 + O vật
Acitive: S + get + O người + to-inf + O vật

Passive: S + have / get + O vật + V3 + (by + O người)
Ex: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.

→ I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
I get her to make some coffee.
→ I get some coffee made (by her)

8. Động từ chỉ giác quan: see, watch, hear, look, taste,…
Active: S + V + O + V1 / V-ing ..

Passive: S + be + V3 + to-inf / V-ing …
Ex: They saw her come in. 
→ She was seen to come in.

They saw the lorry running down the hill.

→ The lorry was seen running down the hill.

9. Động từ let:

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Ex: He let me go. → I was allowed to go.

10. Động từ make:

Active: S + make + s.o + V1 …
Passive: S + be + made + to-inf …
Ex: My mother made me clean the room. 
→ I was made to clean the room.

11. Sau “There be” có thể dùng động từ nguyên mẫu dạng chủ động hoặc bị động

Ex: There is a lot of work to do / to be done. 
There are some letters to write / to be written.

B.BÀI TẬP :

* Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

1. The experiment which………….. at the University of Chicago was successful

A. conducted B. is conducted C. was conducted D. conducting

2. She ……… to be the best singer

A. is considered B. considering C. considers D. is consider 
3. An article ………. From English into Vietnamese

A. is translated B. is being translated C. translates D. is be translated
4. My hat used …….. over my eyes

A. to be pulled B. to pull C. to pulled D. pull 
5. A nest ……….. in the porch since last week by a pair of robins

A. has built B. had built C. has been built D. had been built 
6. Fruit have……….. up very early in the morning

A. to picked B. to be picked C. to pick D. pick 
7. All vehicles ……….. to go when traffic lights are green

A. are allowed B. is allowed C. allow D. allows 
8. Measures………. to attract foreign investment.

A. is taken B. are being taken C. are taken D. is being taken
9. She decided that her house should……..blue

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10. Before our decision ………… to you we had thought carefully

A. give B. was given C. is given D. gives
11. Many matches ……… by my favorite football team so far his season

A. haven’t won B. hasn’t won C. haven’t been won D. hasn’t been won 
12. Electric lights ………. before I was born

A. had been invented B. had invented C. has been invented D. was invented 
13. Our students …………. to different jobs by the state.

A. will assign B. will be assigned C. is assigning D. assign 
14. Is milk ………. for making butter and cheese?

A. used B. use C. using D. to used 
15. Hasn’t information about the trains to Hanoi………… out yet?

A. found B. been found C. find D. finding 
16. Before they took exams their lessons…………. .

A. has revised B. had been revised C. had revised D. has been revised 
17. Don’t let yourself………. by others.

A. to see B. seen C. to be seen D. see 
18. How many lessons are going…………. next month?

A. to be learnt B. to learn C. learn D. to learnt 
19. When he came home, a newspaper …………. By his father.

A. was reading B. was being read C. was read D. is reading 
20. How many ways can this problem ……….?

A. be solved B. solved C. to be solved D. solve

* Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

1. Education_________ to be the most important element to develop a country.
A. often be considered B. can often consider

C. often considers D. can often be considered

2. Whole-grain food products ______ in most large supermarkets across the United States.
A. now can purchase B. can now be purchased

C. now to purchase D. the purchase of which
3. This exercise may __________ with a pencil.

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4. She could easily __________ for a top model.

A. be mistaken B. have mistaken C. been mistaken D. to be mistaken 
5. The cutting down of trees __________to prevent forest destruction

A. should control B. should be controlled C. would control D. controlling 
6. I hate __________ personal questions by newly-acquainted friends.

A. to be asking B. be asked C. being asked D. of asking 
7. I expected ________ to the party, but I wasn’t.

A. to invite B. to be invited C. being invited D. inviting
8. Her watch needs ________.

A. to be repaired B. to repair C. repairing D. A & C are correct 
9. I can’t bear thinking back of that time. I’d rather ________ equally.

A. treat B. be treated C. have treated D. treating 
10. More schools are hoped ________ in rural areas in the coming years.

A. to have been built B. to build C. to have built D. to be built 
11. I am going to have my car ________.

A. service B. to be serviced C. serviced D. servicing

12. Those rich people always get someone ________ their house whenever they go away for a few days.
 A. looking after B. look after C. to look after D. looked after

13. They ________ to be out after 10pm.

A. are not let B. are not allowed C. don’t let D. don’t allow 
14. A red rose ________ the beautiful girl by her old school boyfriend.

A. gave to B. was given C. was given to D. gave 
15. All the students ________ finish their assignments before they went camping.

A. had made B. had made to C. had been made D. had been made to

16. Mr. Pike __________ the most famous archaeologist in our city.

A. thinks to be B. is thought to be C. is thought that D. thought to be 
17. The X-ray___________ in 1895.

A. is believed to have been discovered B. is believed to be discovered

C. believed to have been discovered D. believed to discover

18. Reagan __________ an actor years ago.

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A. says / is taken B. is saying / has been taken 
C. is said / takes D. was said / was taken.
20. More than ten victims____________ missing in the storm last week.

A. are reported to be B. are reported to have been
C. are reporting to have been D. are reporting to be

* Exercise 3: Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given : 
1. The teacher explained the rule to the student.

A. The rule was explained to the student. B. The students were explained the rule. 
C. The students were explained the rules. D. A and B are correct

2. He often asks me to help him.

A. He is often asked to help them. B. They are often asked to help me.

C. I am often asked to help him. D. I am often asked him to help me.

3. His friends never forgave his betrayal.

A. His betrayal were never forgiven by his friends. B. His betrayal was never forgiven by his friends. 
C. His betrayal was never forgave by his friends. D. His betrayal never forgave by his friends.

4. They speak much about this book.

A. This book is much spoken about. B. This book is much spoken.

C. This book is much about spoken. D. This book are much spoken about.
5. Have they tested all the machines?

A. Have all the machines be tested? B. Have all the machines been testing?
C. Have all the machines been tested? D. Have all the machines been being testing? 
6. Does he realize that they are laughing at him?

A. Is he realized that he is laughing at? B. Is he realized that he is being laughed at? 
C. Does he realize that he is laughing at? D. Does he realize that he is being laughed at?
7. The manager offers me several jobs.

A. I was offers several jobs. B. I am offered several jobs.
 C. Several jobs are offered to me. D. B and C are correct.
8. We found that they had cancelled the soccer match.

A. We found that the soccer match had been cancelled.
B. The soccer match had been cancelled.

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D. The soccer match was found to have been cancelled by us.
9. “Did Shakespeare write this play?”

A. Did this play be written by Shakespeare? B. Was this play written by Shakespeare?
C. This play was written by Shakespeare. D. Did this play Shakespeare write? 
10. Which book do the students love?

A. Which book are done love by the students? B. Which book is the students loved?
C. Which book are loved by the students? D. Which book is loved by the students? 
11. How many slums are they going to clear?

A. How many slums are being gone to clear? B. How many slums are being cleared?

C. How many slums are going to clear? D. How many slums are going to be cleared?
12. Who wrote the report on the air pollution?

A. By whom was the report on the air pollution written? 
B. Whom was the report written on the air pollution by?
C. By whom was the report written on the air pollution?
D. All are correct.

13. How many students are carrying the bookshelf?

A. By how many students are the bookshelf being carried? 
B. By how many students is the bookshelf being carried? 
C. By how many students is the bookshelf been carrying?
D. By how many students are the bookshelf be carrying?
14. People say that Mary is a good worker.

A. Mary is said that she is a good worker. B. Mary is said to be a good worker.

C. It is said to be a good worker. D. Mary is said that to be a good worker.

15. It is believed that the man escaped in a stolen car.

A. The man is believed to escape in a stolen car. B. The man is believed to have escaped in a stolen car.

C. The man is believed to escaped in a stolen car. D. They believed that the man stole the car.

16. It was thought that the building had been destroyed.

A. The building was thought had been destroyed. B. The building was thought to have been destroyed. 
C. The building thought to be destroyed. D. They have destroyed the building.

17. They gave the job to Amy and Bob.

A. Amy and Bob are given the job. B. The job was given to Amy and Bob.

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18. William, the conqueror built the castle in the 11th century.

A. The castle are built by William, the conqueror in the 11th century. 
B. The castle were built by William, the conqueror in the 11th century.
C. The castle was built by William, the conqueror in the 11th century.
 D. The castle is built by William, the conqueror in the 11th century. 
19. People believed that somebody murdered Miss. Stone.

A. It is said that Miss. Stone was murdered. B. It were said that Miss. Stone was murdered 
C. It was believed that Miss. Stone was murdered. D. People believed that Miss. Stone murdered.
20. John is said to have been stolen the money.

A. It is said that John steals the money. B. It is said that John was stolen money. 
C. People said John was stolen the money D. People say that John steals the money

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