BÀI tập WORD FORMATION NÂNG CAO DÀNH CHO HS CHUYÊN ANH (4)

WORD FORMATION EXERCISES

PRACTICE TEST 4
A . There are a myriad of lifestyle issues affecting the youth of today. Such is the
pressure heaped on many school-goers to achieve academic excellence by their
parents that these1_______ (real) expectations are causing children to become
hopelessly depressed.Indeed, some, in their 2_______ (despair) to escape and their
sense of guilt at beingunable reach the levels of success demanded of them by their
3_______ (push) parents,either rebel in what is 4_______ (amount) to a cry for
help, or, worse still, engage in5_______ (harm). It is no coincidence that suicide
rates, expecially amongst youngmales, have been rising steadily for some time
now. These are tough times to be a teen.Then there are those who get hooked on
the internet; the 6 _____ (virtue) world becomes their reality. For these teens, their
social circle shrinks 7_______ (drama) until,at last, their friendship sphere is
limited solely to their online 8_______ (bud). Not alone do they commonly suffer
from sleep 9_______ (private) on account of their destructive addiction to game
play and net-surfing, their behaviour may become so 10 _____ (err)and peculiar
over time as to be considered 11_______ (social) . And while they sit at their
computer screens hidden away in splendid isolation from the real world, such is the
lack of exercise they get that their calorie intake far exceeds what is necessary for

~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~


WORD FORMATION EXERCISES
them to maintain a stable weight. In essence, due to their sedentary lifestyle, their
weight12_______ (rocket) until such time as they become morbidly obese.
1. unrealistic : phi thực tế

2. desperation: sự tuyệt vọng

3. pushy: thúc ép

4. tantamount: tương đương với

5. self-harm: tự làm hại bản thân

6. virtual: ảo

7. dramatically

8. buddies: bạn

9. deprivation: sự tước đoạt

10. erractic: thất thường

11. antisocial: khó gần gũi

12. skyrockets: tăng mạnh

B. The standard of television programming produced in this country is in
terminaldecline. The 1_______ (shed) has become a meaningless term confined in
its 2_______ (apply) to 3_______ (go) days when adult content felt the full force
of censorship andwas not allowed to appear on the box until after 9:00 p.m.
Nowadays, however, it seems anything goes any time. And, truth told, whatever
anything is, it seldom 'goes' for much longer than a half hour or so at any rate
before it is interrupted by a commercial break.And don't even get me started on
those appalling 4_______ (inform) most of thenetworks run right the way through
the night, one after another, for up to thirty minutes at a time. lt is truly painful.
Terrestrial television is now, as far as I am concerned, alaughing stock. All the

~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~


WORD FORMATION EXERCISES
quality has been bought up by the satellite networks, with their big-money weight
behind them, but even here 5_______ (pick) are slim. In protest at thedire state of
things, I have become a converted 6_______ (net). I look to the web now to find
good content. There, I can find just enough 7_______ (run) of quality programmes
to prevent myself from falling into utter despair and pining for the good old days of
8_______ (year).
1. watershed: bước ngoặt

2. applicability: tính có thể ứng dụng

3. bygone: đã qua

4. infomercials: quảng cáo

5. pickings: lợi lộc

6. netizen: dân mạng

7. re-run: sự phát lại

8. yesteryear: quá khứ, năm ngoái

C. In January 2001, the 1_______ (govern) Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
issued its latest report on climate change. Climate models worked out by giant
super-computers had become far more reliable since the previous report in 1995
and allowed them to2_______ (praise) the earlier projections for global warming.

Their conclusions were that something very serious is happening and that it cannot
be a natural process. The 1990s was the hottest decade for 1,000 years and the
Earth is warming faster than at any time in the last 10,000 years. According to the
report, human activities are 3_______ (equivocate) to blame for the temperature

~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~


WORD FORMATION EXERCISES
rise. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and, due to deforestation,
there are fewer trees to absorb this gas and recycle it back into oxygen. Methane
4_______ (concentrate) have also gone up dramatically because of increases in rice
culture and 5_______ (cattle), both of which generate methane from 6_______
(compose) vegetation. These greenhouses gases trap heat in theEarth’s atmosphere
and cause the temperature to rise. In the worst case, the resulting melting of icecaps and glaciers would cause sea levels to rise by up to 88 cm,endangering the
homes and 7_______ (lively) of tens of millions of people who live inlow-lying
regions. Unfortunately, there is far greater 8_______ (unanimous) among the
world’s scientists over the issue than among politicians. As long ago as 1990, the
IPCC recommended a 60% reduction in carbon dioxide 9_______ (emit), as the
basic level required to return the planet’s climate to a healthy level. Governments
globally failed to 10_______ (act)these proposals. Now that the dangers have been
reaffirmed by the latest report, it is hightime that governments took an active
interest in exploring alternative, renewable energysources.
1. intergovernmental: nhiều chính phủ

2. reappraise: đánh giá lại

3.unequivocally: rõ rệt, dứt khoát

4. concentrations: nồng độ

5. cattle(-)raising/ breeding: chăn nuôi gia súc

6. decomposing: phân hủy

7. livelihood:sinh kế

8. unanimity: sự nhất trí

~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~


WORD FORMATION EXERCISES
9. emissions: sự tỏa ra, khí thải

10. enact: ban hành

D. People intuitively recognize the importance of self-esteem to their
psychological health, so it isn't particularly remarkable that most of us try to
protect and enhance it inourselves whenever possible. What is remarkable is that
attention to self-esteem has become a(n) 1_______ (commune) concern, at least for
Americans, who see a favorable opinion of oneself as the central psychological
source from which all manner of positive outcomes spring. The corollary, that low
self-esteem lies at the root of individual and thus2_______ (society) problems and
3_______ (function), has sustained an ambitious socialagenda for decades. Indeed,
campaigns to raise people's sense of self-worth abound.Consider what transpired in
California in the late 1980s. Prodded by State AssemblymanJohn Vasconcellos,
Governor George Deukmejian set up a task force on self-esteem and personal and
social responsibility. Vasconcellos argued that raising self-esteem in young people
would reduce crime, teen pregnancy, drug abuse, school 4_______ (achieve) and

pollution. At one point, he even expressed the hope that these efforts would one
day help balance the state budget, a prospect predicated on the observation that
people with high5_______ (regard) earn more than others and thus pay more in
taxes. Along with its other activities, the task force assembled a team of scholars to
survey the relevant literature.The results appeared in a 1989 volume 6_______
(title) The Social Importance of Self-Esteem, which stated that "many, if not most,
~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~


WORD FORMATION EXERCISES
of the major problems plaguing society have roots in the low self-esteem of many
of the people who make up society." In reality,the report contained little to support
that assertion.
1. communal : công cộng, chung

2. societal : thuộc xã hội

3. dysfunctions : sự hoạt động khác thường

4. underachievement: sự làm

kém, không tốt như mong đợi
5.self-regard : tự trọng

6. entitled: được đặt tên

E. An emerging discipline called neuroaesthetics is seeking to bring scientific
1_______ (objective) to the study of art, and has already given us a better
understanding of many2_______ (master). The blurred 3_______ (image) of
Impressionist paintings seems tostimulate the brain's amygdala, for instance. Since

the amygdala plays a crucial role in our feelings, that finding might explain why
many people find these pieces so 4_______ (move). Could the same approach also
shed light on abstract twentieth-century pieces, fromMondrian's geometrical blocks
of colour, to Pollock's 5_______(seem) haphazard arrangements of splashed paint
on canvas? 6_______ (sceptical) believe that peopleclaim to like such works
simply because they are famous. We certainly do have aninclination to follow the
crowd. When asked to make simple 7_______ (perceive)decisions such as
matching a shape to its rotated image, for example, people often choosea
~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~


WORD FORMATION EXERCISES
definitively wrong answer if they see others doing the same. It is easy to imagine
that this 8_______ (mental) would have even more impact on a fuzzy concept like
art appreciation, where there is no right or wrong answer.
1. objectivity: tính khách quan

2. masterpieces: kiệt tác

3.imagery : hình tượng

4.moving: cảm động

5. seemingly: có vẻ
7. perceptual : thuộc tri giác, cảm giác

6. skeptics: những người hồi nghi
8. mentality: tâm lí

F. Pop art was a(n) 1_______ (convention) art style in which 2_______

(common)objects such as comic strips, soup cans and road signs were used as
subject matter, and were often incorporated into the work. The pop art movement
was largely a British andAmerican cultural phenomenon of the late 1950s and ‘60s.
Art critic Lawrence Alloway,referring to the prosaic 3_______ (icon) of its
painting and sculpture, named the movement pop art. It represented an attempt to
return to a more objective and 4_______ (universe) accepted form of art after the
dominance in both the United States and Europeof the highly personal abstract
5_______ (express). The art form was iconoclastic,rejecting the 6_______
(supreme) of the ‘high art’ of the past and the 7_______ (pretend)of other
contemporary avant-garde art. Pop art became a cultural institution because of its

~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~


WORD FORMATION EXERCISES
close reflection of a particular social situation and because its easily 8_______
(comprehend) images were immediately exploited by the mass media. Although
the critics of pop art describe it as sensational and non-aesthetic, its proponents
saw it as an art that was democratic and not 9_______ (discriminate), bringing
together both connoisseurs and untrained inexperienced viewers. Even though
public reaction to pop art was 10_______ (favour), it found critical acceptance as a
form of art suited to the highly technological, mass media-oriented society of
western countries.
1. unconventional: trái với thường lệ

2. commonplace : tầm thường, quen thuộc

3. iconography: sự mơ tả bằng hình tượng

4. universally: tồn cầu

5. expressionism : chủ nghĩa biểu hiện

6.supremacy: uy quyền

7. pretentiousness: sự phơ trương, khoe khoang 8. comprehensible: có thể
hiểuđược
9. discriminatory: phân biệt đối xử

10. unfavourable: khơng có ích

G. The comedy Bringing Up Baby, on the other hand, presents practically non-stop
dialogue delivered at 1_______ (neck) speed. This use of dialogue 2_______
(score) not only the dizzy quality of the character played by Katherine Hepburn,
but also the3_______ (absurd) of the film itself and thus its humor. The audience is
~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~


WORD FORMATION EXERCISES
bounced from gag to gag and conversation to conversation; there is no time for
audience reflection. The audience is caught up in a(n) 4_______ (wind) of activity
in simply managing to follow the plot. This film presents pure 5______ (escape) largely due to its frenetic dialogue.
1. breakneck: nguy hiểm

2. underscores: nhấn mạnh

3. absurdity: điều vơ lí

4. whirlwind: cơn lốc

5. escapism: sự thoát li thực tế
H. There is a saying that first 1. ______(impress) are generally correct and I would
say that 2._____ (all) throughout my entire life, I have found this to be true apart
from one notable exception of a good friend and neighbour with whom my first
3._____(change) was decidedly unfriendly. At the time of our first meeting I was
living in a 4._____(deprive) area of London, not far from the exit of a dual
5._____(carry) and this meant that although it was a residential

street, even with

the 6._____(good) will in the world, drivers would often travel dangerously fast
within inches of my front door. This used to really annoy me and I have to admit I
did often go a bit 7._____(board) in expressing my anger even though (or perhaps
because) I knew I didn't stand a 8._______(reasonable) chance of being taken
notice of or even noticed at all. So when one day, I shouted my usual string of
swear words at a rapidly passing car and it immediately screamed to a halt, my
~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~


WORD FORMATION EXERCISES
first reaction was an enormous sense of 9.____ (achieve). But then the driver of the
car opened his window and shouted a stream of swear words back at me. So the
next morning, I was more than a little surprised to find an apology note from the
same motorist in my mail box explaining that in an attempt to 10.______(far) his
career as an up and coming IT 11. ______(consult) he had been driving too fast
the previous evening and inviting me to have dinner with him and his wife.
impressions – overall – interchange – deprived – carriageway – best –
overboard – reasonable – achievement – further - consultant

~ Phạm Ngọc Mai ~