PASSIVE VOICE and THE PAST PERFECT (uNIT 9 ANH 8 TD)

CHUYÊN ĐỀ: PASSIVE VOICE ( CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG)
C- GRAMMAR
I. PASSIVE VOICE ( CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG)
1. Khái niệm
Câu bị động (Passive Voice) là loại câu được sử dụng khi muốn nhấn mạnh vào bản thân
một hành động, trong đó chủ thể hay tác nhân thực hiện hành động bị tác động bởi một một
yếu tố khác.
2. Công thức chung
Câu chủ động:

S

+V

+ O + trạng từ vị trí, nơi chốn + trạng từ thời gian

Câu bị động: S+ be + Ved/3+ trạng từ vị trí, nơi chốn + (by+O) + trạng từ thời gian
(Chia theo thì)

in my house/Vietnam…

everyday…

on the table…

now, ….

to the zoo…
for the party/…..
‘Be” theo thì:
+ H.tại đơn: am/is/are

+ H.tại tiếp diễn: am/is/are +being
+q.khứ đơn: was/ were
+ q.khứ tiếp diễn: was/ were + being
+ hoàn thành: have/has/had + been
+ tương lai đơn: will/shall + be
+ tương lai gần: am/is/are + going to be
+ động từ khuyết thiếu (can/ may/ must/ should/ used to…): ĐTKT + be
3. Một số lưu ý.
- Với những “S” chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động như : I, you,we, they, she, he, it,
people, everyone, everybody, everything, somebody,something, someone… thì khi
chuyển sang câu bị động ta bỏ những từ này và cả “by”


Ví dụ:
Câu chủ động:

I

+

(S)
Câu bị động:

love

+

my parents

(V)

My parents

+

(S)

(O)
are loved

+ by I

by me

(be +Ved/3) (byO)

- Cách chuyển đổi qua lại một số tân ngữ (O) và chủ ngữ (S).
Tân ngữ (O)
Me
Her
Him
Them
Us

Chủ ngữ (S)
I
She
He
They
We

Ví dụ:
Câu chủ động:

I

+

(S)
Câu bị động:

She

invite

+

her

(V)
+

(S)

(O)

is invited

+

(by me)

(be +Ved/3)

(by O)

.THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN (THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE)
Câu chủ động:

Câu bị động:

S

S

+

Vo/s,es

+

am/is/are +

+

Ved/3

+

O

(by+O)


– Ví dụ: Someone buys this house.
→ This house is bought (by someone).
1. John collects money
2. Anna opens the window.->
3. We do our homework everyday->
4. Mr. Cole visits John at the weekend.
5. They find the books in the desk ->
6. They call my name
7. My mother makes a cake for the party
8. My sister cooks meals every day
9. My brother uses a pencil to draw beautiful pictures
10. People speak English all over the world

. THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN (THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE)
Câu chủ động:

Câu bị động:

S

S

+

am/is/are

+

am/is/are + being

Ví dụ 1: I am writing a letter.
→ A letter is being written (by me)
1. She is cleaning a window.->
2. Nina is taking a photo.
3. Sam is learning English at the moment. ->
4. I am building my house in this city. ->
5. They are writing a report now.
6. We are reading novels right now.

+ V-ing

+

+ Ved/3+ (by+O

O

)


7. Someone is sweeping the floor.
8. I am doing my exercise now.
9. Somebody is singing my favorite songs now.
10. I am fixing my car.

III. THÌ HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH (THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE)

Câu chủ động: S + have/has + V3/Ved

Câu bị động:

+ O

S + have/has + been + V3/Ved + (by O)

ví dụ
1. Nina has bought these pencil cases.
1. Tom has seen this film before.
2. Nina has read the newspaper already.
3. They have seen these movies yet.
4. I have signed the contract.->
5. These men have bought the tickets. ->
6. I have bought this teddy bear in that shop.
7. Vicky has found her hat. ->
8. I have lost my bag.
9. We have finished the report.
10. I have done my exercise for three days.

THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN (THE PAST SIMPLE )
Câu chủ động:

S

+

Ved/2

+

O


Câu bị động:

S

+

was/ were +

Ved/3

+

(by+O)

1. Last year Mrs. Nina taught me both English and Science.
2. She broke my laptop.
3. I sent my children to summer camp.
4. She caught the thief.
5. The secretary finished the report last night.

6. Sam sent a gift to his father.
7. Tom wrote his report on his way to work.
8. I bought this house last year.
9. He lost his newspapers yesterday.
10. I brought my girlfriend to the party yesterday.

THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN (THE PAST PROGRESSIVE )
Câu chủ động:

Câu bị động:

S

S

+

was/ were + V-ing

+

was/ were + being

+

+ Ved/3+ (by+O

O

)


1. I was reading books at 7 o’clock yesterday morning.
2. They were breaking television at 9 o’clock last night.
3. Nina was singing a song when you came.

4. While Ms. Nina was cleaning the house, she hurt her back.
5. They were decorating their house when you phoned.
6. I was eating a sandwich.
7. I was writing an important report.
8. She was not cleaning her room at 9 o’clock yesterday evening.
9. Mr. Sam was reading newspaper.
10. We were washing the dishes when you called.

VI. THÌ Q KHỨ HỒN THÀNH (THE PAST PERFECT )
Câu chủ động: S + had + V3/ed

Câu bị động:

+ O

S + had + been + V3/Ved + (by O)

1. I had bought this pen before I went to bed last night.
2. Nina had washed the dishes.
3. I had written a report.


4. Sam had done his exercise by noon.
5. They had not finished the report before they had a test.
6. We had seen this movie before Nina called.
7. After I had cleaned the house, I went to school.
8. After Mark had washed his clothes, he studied.
9. Vicky had ironed the clothes by noon.
10. I hadn’t brushed my teeth before I went to bed last night.

VII. THÌ TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN (THE FUTURE SIMPLE ) VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT
THIẾU (MODAL VERB)
Câu chủ động: S + ĐTKT + Vo

Câu bị động:

+ O

S + ĐTKT + be + V3/Ved + (by O)

1. I can buy this house.
2. Sam ought to clean his room.
3. We will shut the door.
4. Nina shall call you as soon as she arrives.
5. Sam can bring it back this morning.
6. They will pass their exam.
7. Henry ought to leave a message on the table for me.
8. Vicky can pay her bill next week.
9. You should clean the windows.
10. You will phone me later.


VIII. THÌ TƯƠNG LAI GẦN (THE NEAR FUTURE ) – be goingto
Câu chủ động: S + am/is/are+going to + Vo

Câu bị động:

+ O

S + am/is/are+going to + be + V3/Ved + (by O)

\
1. She is going to buy a new house next month
2. Our grandparents are going to visit our house tomorrow
3. They are going to sell their old house because they has just bought a new one.
4. Jonh is going to mary her this year
5. They are going to cancel the meeting


II. THÌ Q KHỨ HỒN THÀNH (THE PAST PERFECT )
1. Định nghĩa thì q khứ hồn thành
Thì q khứ hồn thành dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác
và cả hai hành động này đều đã xảy ra trong quá khứ. Hành động nào xảy ra trước thì dùng
thì q khứ hồn thành. Hành động xảy ra sau thì dùng thì quá khứ đơn.
2. Cơng thức thì q khứ hồn thành
Câu khẳng định

S + had + V3/ed
Ví dụ:
– He had gone out when I
came into the house. (Anh
ấy đã đi ra ngồi khi tơi
vào nhà.)
– They had finished their
work right before the
deadline last week .(Họ đã
hồn thành cơng việc của
họ ngay trước hạn chót vào
tuần trước.)

Câu phủ định
S + hadn’t + V3/ed

Had + S
+V3/ed?

CHÚ Ý:
Trả lời:

Yes, S + had.

– hadn’t = had not
No, S + hadn’t.
Ví dụ:
Ví dụ:
– She hadn’t come home
when I got there. (Cô ấy vẫn
chưa về nhà khi tôi về.)
– They hadn’t finished their
lunch when I saw them. (Họ
vẫn chưa ăn xong bữa trưa
khi trông thấy họ).

4. Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì q khứ hồn thành
Trong câu có các từ:

Câu nghi vấn

– Had the film ended when
you arrived at the cinema?

(Bộ phim đã kết thúc khi bạn
tới rạp chiếu phim phải
không?)
Yes, it had./ No, it hadn’t


– when: Khi
Ví dụ: When they arrived at the airport, her flight had taken off. (Khi họ tới sân bay,
chuyến bay của cô ấy đã cất cánh.)
– before: trước khi (Trước “before” sử dụng thì q khứ hồn thành và sau “before” sử
dụng thì q khứ đơn.)
Ví dụ: She had done her homework before her mother asked her to do so. (Cô ấy đã làm
bài tập về nhà trước khi mẹ cô ấy yêu cầu cô ấy làm như vậy.)
– After: sau khi (Trước “after” sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn và sau “after” sử dụng thì q khứ
hồn thành.)
Ví dụ: They went home after they had eaten a big roasted chicken. (Họ về nhà sau khi đã
ăn một con gà quay lớn.)
– by the time (vào thời điểm) (Mệnh đề đi cùng by the time quá khứ đơn, còn lại chia q
khứ hồn thành)
Ví dụ: He had cleaned the house by the time her mother came back. (Cậu ấy đã lau xong
nhà vào thời điểm mẹ cậu ấy trở về.)
5. Bài tập
Bài 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1. They (come) …………….. back home after they (finish) ………………… their work.
2. She said that she ( meet) ……………………. Mr. Bean before.
3. Before he (go) ………………………….. to bed, he (read) ………………………… a
novel.
4. He told me he (not/wear) ………………………… such kind of clothes before.

5. When I came to the stadium, the match (start) ………………………………….
6. Before she (listen) ………………….. to music, she (do)……………………. homework.
7. Last night, Peter (go) ………………….. to the supermarket before he (go)
………………… home.
Bài 2: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi sử dụng từ gợi ý cho sẵn.
1. David had gone home before we arrived. – After
…………………………………………………………………………………….
2. We had lunch then we took a look around the shops. – Before
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. The light had gone out before we got out of the office. –
When…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. After she had explained everything clearly, we started our work. – By the time
…………………………………………………………………………….
5. My father had watered all the plants in the garden by the time my mother came home. –
Before ………………………………………………………………………………….
ĐÁP ÁN
Bài 1:
1.came – had finished
2. had met
3. went – had read
4.hadn’t worn


5.had started
6.listened – had done
7.had gone – went
Bài 2:
1.After David had gone home, we arrived. (Sau khi David về nhà, chúng tôi tới.)
2.Before we took a look around the shops, we had had lunch. (Trước khi chúng tôi đi xem
xung quanh các cửa hàng, chúng tôi đã ăn trưa rồi.)

3.When we got out of the office, the light had gone out.(Lúc chúng tơi rời khỏi văn phịng
thì đèn đã bị tắt trước đó rồi.)
4.By the time we started our work, she had explained everything clearly. (Vào thời điểm
chúng tôi bắt đầu cơng việc, cơ ấy đã giải thích mọi thứ rõ ràng rồi.)
5.Before my mother came home, my father had watered all the plants in the garden. (Trước
khi mẹ tôi về nhà, bố tôi đã tưới tất cả các cây trong vườn rồi.)


V-nguyên thể
be
Buy
Come
Become
Have
Make
Eat
Drink
Sleep
Take
Hear
Speak
Say
Tell
Read
Write
Win
Lose
Sing
Draw
Build

Sweep
Do
Go
Break

V2
Was/were
bought
came
became
had
made
ate
Drank
slept
took
heard
spoke
said
told
read
wrote
won
lost
sang
drew
built
swept
did
Went

broke

V3
Been
Bought
Come
Become
Had
Made
Eaten
Drunk
slept
Taken
Heard
Spoken
said
Told
read
Written
Won
Lost
Sung
Drawn
Built
Swept
Done
gone
Broken

Run
Swim
Spend
Put
Cut
Give
Keep
Think
Understand
See
Know
Grow
Throw
Send
Teach
get
steal
wear
lay
pay
sit
meet
mean
lend
learn
hold
find
feel

Ran

swam
spent
put
cut
gave
kept
thought
understood
saw
knew
grew
threw
sent
taught
got
stole
wore
laid
paid
sat
met
meant
lent
Learned/learnt
held
found
felt

Run
Swum

Spent
Put
Cut
Given
Kept
thought
Understood
Seen
Known
Grown
Thrown
Sent
Taught
Got/gotten
Stolen
worn
Laid
Paid
Sat
Met
Meant
Lent
Learned/learnt
Held
Found
Felt


leave
fall

choose
fly
ride
drive
feed

left
fell
chose
flew
rode
drove
fed

Left
Fallen
Chosen
Flown
Riden
Driven
fed