NGU PHAP VA BAI TAP THI QUA KHU HOAN THANH

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Present perfect continuous
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
I have been singing

How do we make the Present Perfect Continuous Tense?
The structure of the present perfect continuous tense is:

subject + auxiliary verb + auxiliary verb + main verb
have

has been base + ing

Here are some examples of the present perfect continuous tense:

subject auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb

+ I have been waiting for one hour.

+ You have been talking too much.

- It has not been raining.

- We have not been playing football.

? Have you been seeing her?

? Have they been doing their homework?

Contractions

When we use the present perfect continuous tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and the first

auxiliary. We also sometimes do this in informal writing.

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You have been You've been
He has been

She has been
It has been
John has been
The car has been

He's been
She's been
It's been
John's been
The car's been
We have been We've been
They have been They've been

Here are some examples:
 I've been reading.

 The car's been giving trouble.

 We've been playing tennis for two hours.

How do we use the Present Perfect Continuous Tense?

This tense is called the present perfect continuous tense. There is usually a connection with the present
or now. There are basically two uses for the present perfect continuous tense:

1. An action that has just stopped or recently stopped

We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past and stopped
recently. There is usually a result now.

I'm tired because I've been running.

past present future

!!!
Recent action. Result now.

 I'm tired [now] because I've been running.
 Why is the grass wet [now]? Has it been raining?

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2. An action continuing up to now

We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past and is
continuing now. This is often used with for or since.

I have been reading for 2 hours.

past present future

Action started in past. Action is continuing now.

 I have been reading for 2 hours. [I am still reading now.]
 We've been studying since 9 o'clock. [We're still studying now.]
 How long have you been learning English? [You are still learning now.]
 We have not been smoking. [And we are not smoking now.]

For and Since with Present Perfect Continuous Tense
We often use for and since with the present perfect tense.

 We use for to talk about a period of time - 5 minutes, 2 weeks, 6 years.

 We use since to talk about a point in past time - 9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday.

for since

a period of time a point in past time

20 minutes 6.15pm

three days Monday

6 months January

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2 centuries 1800
a long time I left school

ever the beginning of time

etc etc

Here are some examples:

 I have been studying for 3 hours.

 I have been watching TV since 7pm.
 Tara hasn't been feeling well for 2 weeks.
 Tara hasn't been visiting us since March.
 He has been playing football for a long time.
 He has been living in Bangkok since he left school.

Present perfect continuous

A It has been raining. Xem ví dụ sau:

Is it raining?

No, but the ground is wet.
It has been raining.

Trời mới vừa mưa xong.

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I/we/they/you have (=I've etc.) been waiting
I/we/they/you have (=I've etc.) been playing
etc.

he/she/it has (=he's ect.) been doing
he/she/it has (=he's ect.) been waiting
he/she/it has (=he's ect.) been playing etc.

Ta dùng thì present perfect continuous khi nói về những hành động đã kết thúc gần đây 
hay mới vừa kết thúc và kết quả của nó có sự liên hệ hay ảnh hưởng tới hiện tại:

You’re out to breath. Have you been running? (you are out of breath now)

Bạn trông mệt đứt hơi. Bạn vừa mới chạy phải không? (hiện giờ anh ấy như đứt hơi).

Paul is very tired. He’s been working very hard. (he's tired now)

Paul rất mệt. Anh ấy vừa mới làm việc rất căng. (bây giờ anh ấy đang mệt).

Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?

Sao quần áo bạn bẩn thế. Bạn vừa mới làm gì vậy?

I’ve been talking to Carol about the problem and she thinks that ...

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B It has been raining for two hours. Xét ví dụ sau:

It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago and it is still raining.

Trời đang mưa. Trời đã mưa được hai giờ rồi và bây giờ còn đang mưa.

How long has it been raining?

It has been raining for two hours.

Trời đã mưa được hai tiếng đồng hồ.

Chúng ta dùng thì present perfect contiuous cho những trường hợp này, đặc biệt là 
dùng với how long, for ... và since... Hành động là vẫn đang xảy ra (như ví dụ trên) hay 
vừa mới chấm dứt.

How long have you been learning English? (you're still learning English)

Bạn đã học tiếng Anh được bao lâu rồi? (bạn vẫn đang còn học tiếng Anh)

Tim is watching television. He has been watching television for two hours.

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Where have you been? I have been looking for you for the last half hour.

Anh đã ở đâu vậy? Tơi đã tìm anh nửa tiếng đồng hồ rồi.

George hasn’t been feeling well recently.

George vừa mới cảm thấy khỏe gần đây.

Chúng ta có thể dùng thì present perfect continuous để chỉ những hành động lặp đi lặp 
lại trong một khoảng thời gian:

Debbie is a very good player tennis. She’s been playing since she was eight.

Debbie là một vận động viên quần vợt rất giỏi. Cô ấy đã chơi quần vợt từ khi lên tám.

Every morning they meet in the same cafô. They’ve been going there for years.

Mỗi sáng họ lại gặp nhau ở cùng một quán cà phê. Họ đã đến quán đó nhiều năm rồi.

C So sánh I am doing (xem UNIT 1) và I have been doing

Don’t disturb me now. I am working .

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I’ve been working hard, so now I’m going to have a rest.

Tôi đã làm việc nhiều rồi nên bây giờ tôi sẽ đi nghỉ.

We need an umbrella. It’s raining.

Chúng tôi cần một cây dù. Trời đang mưa.

The ground is wet. It’s been raining.

Mặt đất còn ướt. Trời đã mưa.

Hurry up ! We’re waiting.

We’ve been waiting for an hour.
Present perfect continuous and simple

A Nghiên cứu ví dụ sau:

Ann’s clothes are covered in paint. She has been painting the ceiling.

Quần áo của Ann dính tồn sơn. Cơ ấy đang sơn trần nhà.

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Trần nhà trước đây màu trắng. Bây giờ nó màu xanh. Cơ ấy đã sơn trần nhà.

Has been painting là thì present perfect continuous (thì hiện tại hồn thành tiếp diễn): Ở đây 
chúng ta quan tâm đến hành động mà không quan tâm đến hành động đã hồn tất hay chưa. Ở ví 
dụ trên, hành động sơn tường chưa kết thúc.

Has painted là thì present perfect simple (thì hiện tại hồn thành): Ở thì này, điều quan trọng là sự
hồn thành của hành động. Has painted là một hành động đã hoàn tất. Chúng ta quan tâm đến kết
quả của hành động chứ khơng phải bản thân hành động đó.

So sánh các ví dụ sau:

My hands are very dirty. I’ve been repairing the car.

Tay tôi rất bẩn. Tôi đang sửa xe.

The car is OK again. I’ve repaired it.

Chiếc xe giờ lại tốt rồi. Tơi đã sửa nó.

She’s been smoking too much recently. She should smoke less.

Gần đây cô ấy hút thuốc quá nhiều. Cô ấy nên hút ít đi.

Somebody has smoked all my cigarettes. The packet is empty.

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It’s nice to meet you again. What have you been doing since we last met?

Rất mừng gặp lại bạn. Bạn đã làm gì từ khi chúng ta gặp nhau lần sau cùng?

Where’s the book I gave you? What have you done with it?

Cuốn sách tôi đã tặng bạn đâu rồi? Bạn đã làm gì với nó?

Where have you been? Have you been playing tennis?

Bạn đã ở đâu vậy? Bạn đã chơi quần vợt phải không?

Have you ever played tennis?

Bạn đã từng chơi quần vợt chưa?

Chúng ta dùng thì continuous để hỏi hay nói how long - bao lâu (cho hành động vẫn còn đang xảy
ra)

How long have you been reading that book?

Bạn đã đọc cuốn sách đó được bao lâu rồi?

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Mary vẫn đang còn viết thư. Cô ấy đã viết thư cả ngày hôm nay.

They’ve been playing tenis since 2 o’clock.

Họ đã chơi quần vợt từ lúc 2 giờ.

Chúng ta dùng thì simple để hỏi hay nói how much, how many hay how many times (cho những 
hành động đã kết thúc)

How many pages of that book have you read?

Bạn đã đọc được bao nhiêu trang của cuốn sách rồi?

Mary has written ten letters today.

Hôm nay Mary đã viết được mười lá thư.

They’ve played tennis three times this week.

Họ đã chơi quần vợt ba lần trong tuần này.

Một số động từ (ví dụ như know/like/believe) khơng được dùng với thì continuous.

I’ve known about it for a long time. (not "I've been knowing")

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EXERCISE 1:

Exercise on Present Perfect Progressive

Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect progressive).

1. He (work) in this company since 1985.

2. I (wait) for you since two o'clock.

3. Mary (live) in Germany since 1992.

4. Why is he so tired? He (play) tennis for five hours.

5. How long (learn / you) English?

6. We (look for) the motorway for more than an hour.

7. I (live) without electricity for two weeks.

8. The film (run / not) for ten minutes yet, but there's a commercial break already.

9. How long (work / she) in the garden?

10. She (not / be) in the garden for more than an hour.

Exercise on Present Perfect Progressive

Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect progressive).
1. He has been working in this company since 1985.
2. I have been waiting for you since two o'clock.
3. Mary has been living in Germany since 1992.

4. Why is he so tired? He has been playing tennis for five hours.
5. How long have you been learning English?

6. We have been looking for the motorway for more than an hour.
7. I have been living without electricity for two weeks.

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8. The film has not been running for ten minutes yet, but there's a commercial break already.
9. How long has she been working in the garden?

10. She has not been in the garden for more than an hour.
EXERCISE 2:

Examples: You / run / in the park.

You've been running in the park.
1. She / sit / on the chair

2. I / look / at the lovely scenery

3. We / talk / about the new teacher

4. It / rain / all day

5. He / learn / English for two years

6. I / work / at the bank

7. They / feel / sick since Tuesday

8. He / smoke / in my house

9. We / go to that new shop

10. George and Harry / watch / football
Put each verb in the correct form.

REMEMBER: have/has + been + -ing

1. I for several hours. (study)

2. You for a long time. (dance)

3. He soccer for several years. (play)

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5. They around the world for six weeks. (travel)
Present Perfect Continuous

Present Perfect Continuous gap-fill exercise

1. She (study) English for 5 years.

2. Peter (come) here on holiday every year since

1989.

3. She (teach) our group for two years.

4. How long (you wait) here?

5. It (rain) for over 2 hours.

6. I (write) this report for 5 days.

7. Mr Brown (work) in this office for 2 years.

8. My dog (not eat) properly. I must take him to

the vets.

9. Jane (lie) in the sun for too long.

10. I (try) to stop smoking since 1985

 It has been ___ for a week.

snows

snowing

snowed

snow

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has

have

are

 She's ___ thinking about changing her job.

was

has

have

been

 We've been living here ___ 7 months.

since

last

for

 Mike's been fishing ___ dawn.

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Do the exercises below on the present perfect simple and continuous and click on the answer
button to check your answers.

(Before doing the exercises you may want to read the lesson on present perfect simple and continuous)
Write sentences in present perfect simple.

1. They / play / football -
2. He / speak / English -
3. I / write / a poem -

4. We / not / wash / the car -
5. Nancy / not / meet / her friends-
Write questions in present perfect simple.

1. They / finish / their homework -
2. She / visit / her friend-

3. The maid / clean / the house -
4. He / drive / the van -

5. You / ever / write / a poem -

Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple or simple past).

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2. We (buy) a new car last week.
3. We (not / plan) our holiday yet.

4. She (not / see) her mother for a long time.
5. He (write) a beautiful poem yesterday.

Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple or continuous).

1. I think the waiter (forget) us . We (wait) here for over half an hour and
nobody (take) our order yet.

2. I think you're right. He (walk) by us at least twenty times. He probably thinks we

(order, already) .

Write sentences in present perfect simple.

1. They / play / football - They have played football.
2. He / speak / English - He has spoken English.
3. I / write / a poem - I have written a poem.

4. We / not / wash / the car - We have not washed the car / We haven't washed the car.

5. Nancy / not / meet / her friends- Nancy has not met her friends / Nancy hasn't met her friends.

Write questions in present perfect simple.

1. They / finish / their homework - Have they finished their homework?
2. She / visit / her friend- Has she visited her friend?

3. The maid / clean / the house - Has the maid cleaned the house?
4. He / drive / the van - Has he driven the van?

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Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple or simple past).

1. I (not / work) have not worked / haven't worked today.
2. We (buy) bought a new car last week.

3. We (not / plan) have not planned / haven't planned our holiday yet.
4. She (not / see) has not seen / hasn't seen her mother for a long time.
5. He (write) wrote a beautiful poem yesterday.

Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple or continuous).

1. I think the waiter (forget) has forgotten us . We (wait) have been waiting here for over
half an hour and nobody (take) has taken our order yet.

2. I think you're right. He (walk) has been walking by us at least twenty times. He probably
thinks we (order, already) have already ordered

EXERCISE 4:

Present Perfect Simple or Continuous

Complete the sentences below with either the simple 
or continuous form of present perfect.

1. Heidi is a writer. You ask her:

a. How many books (write)?

b. How long (write)?

2. Bill is waiting for you. You ask him:

How long (wait)?.

3. You see Ken playing tennis. You ask him:

a. How many games (play)?

b. How long (play) tennis?

c. Ken tennis since he was 5 years old.
4. Jill is learning Spanish. You ask her:

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5. Jeff is smoking.

a. He (smoke) 10 cigarettes so far today.

b. He (smoke) all morning.

6. John is an actor.

He (be) in eight movies.

The answers are:
1. have you written
2. have you been writing
3. have you been waiting

4. have you played
5. have you been playing
6. has been playing
7. have you been learning
8. has smoked

9. has been smoking
10. has been

Examples: I / study / very hard lately.

I haven't been studying very hard lately.
1. I / grow / vegetables for a while

2. You / walk / very much lately

3. She / come / home early

4. The clock / work / since last year

5. Tina / teach / English all year

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7. We / go / to the new swimming pool

8. He / exercise / regularly

9. You / read / much recently

10. They / meet / in secret

The answers are:

1. I haven't been growing vegetables for a while.
2. You haven't been walking very much lately.
3. She hasn't been coming home early.

4. The clock hasn't been working since last year.
5. Tina hasn't been teaching English all year.
6. They haven't been living in Sydney since 1995.
7. We haven't been going to the new swimming pool.
8. He hasn't been exercising regularly.

9. You haven't been reading much recently.
10. They haven't been meeting in secret.

Present Perfect Continuous - Questions

Examples: you / learn / English

Have you been learning English?
How long / you / learn / English

How long have you been learning English?

1. you / study / hard?

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3. how long / we / wait / here?

4. how long / she / work / at that school?

5. what / you / do?

6. how long / it / rain?

7. you / cry?

8. they / travel / around Asia?

9. Lilly / have / a hard time at work?

10. how long / you / wash / cars?
The answers are:

1. Have you been studying hard?

2. Has he been going to his mother's very often?
3. How long have we been waiting here?

4. How long has she been working at that school?
5. What have you been doing?

6. How long has it been raining?
7. Have you been crying?

8. Have they been travelling (or traveling) around Asia?
9. Has Lilly been having a hard time at work?

10. How long have you been washing cars?

EXERCISE 5:

Now complete the sentences below using the correct form.

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been leaving

leaving

left

 2) I have never ___ the Great Wall of China before.

see

seen

saw

 3) I have lived in Cape Town ___ two months.

for

since

already

 4) Kelly is in her bed, she has ___ for three hours.

sleeping

been sleep

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 5) My teacher is going to be so angry; I haven't finished my homework ___.

since

yet

already

 6) I am an English student; I have been studying English ___ 2007.

just

for

since

 7) The builders are very efficient; they have ___ finished the foundations for our house.

yet

already

since

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been eating

eaten

eating

 9) Katie must be around here somewhere, I have ___ seen her.

yet

since

just

Complete with present perfect or present perfect continuous tense.

1. I have bought / have been buying a new pair of shoes.

2. Have you finished / Have you been finishing reading that book yet?
3. I have been reading / have read this book now, so you can have it back.

4. I haven’t seen / haven’t been seeing you for ages.
5. I have finished / have been finishing my work.

6. I have lost/ have been losing my key.

7. I have been writing / have written three letters since now.
8. He has visited / has been visiting ten museums this week.

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10. 8. Oh, no! There’s no wine to drink. They have drunk / have been drinking all the wine.
11. I have been writing / have written eight pages already.

12. She has fallen / has been falling off the horse.
13. My bother has won / has been winning the lottery.

14. I have driven / have been driving for over eight hours now. I am extremely tired.

15. I have submitted / have been submitting my report.
1. have bought

2. Have you finished
3. have read

4. haven’t seen
5. have finished
6. have lost
7. have written
8. has visited
9. has found
10. have drunk
11. have written
12. has fallen
13. has won

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