Giáo trình đo lường điện - Phần 1

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B͡môn Cung C̭SĈL͏n Trang 5

&+1*,

,&192/1,1

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FKXQKyDLOQJPXKRFLOQJFKXQ

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ViWNWTXRFFiFLOQJFQWKLWWUrQWKLWER7URQJWKFWUWNKy[iFQK
àảWUVWKFảảFDLOQJR9uY\WUVRFFKRELWKLWERJLOjWUVWLQ
Fk\FH[SHFWHGYDOXH

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NKLSKQiQK~QJWUVWLQF\F&KRQrQFyQKLXKVQKKQJWURQJROQJ
OLrQTXDQQWKLWER1JRjLUDFyQKQJKVNKiFOLrQTXDQQFRQQJLVGQJ
WKLWER1KY\FKtQK[iFFDWKLWERFGLQWGLKLQKWKFVDLV

1.1.KiLQLPYROQJLQ

7URQJWKFWFXFVQJTXiWUuQKFkQRRQJPGLQUDOLrQWFYLPLL
WQJ YLF FkQ ÿR ÿRQJ ÿӃP Qj\ Y{ FQJ FҫQ WKLӃW Yj TXDQ WUӑQJ 9ӟL PӝW ÿӕL
WѭӧQJFөWKӇQjRÿyTXiWUuQKQj\GLӉQUDWKHRWӯQJÿһFWUѭQJFӫDFKӫQJORҥLÿyYj
YӟLPӝWÿѫQYӏÿmÿѭӧFÿӏQKWUѭӟF

7URQJOƭQKYӵFNӻWKXұWÿROѭӡQJNK{QJFKӍWK{QJEiRWUӏVӕFӫDÿҥLOѭӧQJFҫQÿR
PjFzQOjPQKLӋPYөNLӇPWUDÿLӅXNKLӇQYj[ӱOêWK{QJWLQ

ĈӕL YӟL QJjQK ÿLӋQ YLӋF ÿR OѭӡQJ FiF WK{QJ Vӕ FӫD PҥFK ÿLӋQ Oj Y{ FQJ TXDQ
WUӑQJ1yFҫQWKLӃWFKRTXiWUuQKWKLӃWNӃOҳSÿһWNLӇPWUDYұQKjQKFǊQJQKѭGzWuPKѭ
KӓQJWURQJPҥFKÿLӋQ

ĈROѭӡQJOjTXiWUuQKVRViQKÿҥLOѭӧQJFKѭDELӃWYӟLÿҥLOѭӧQJÿmELӃWFQJ
ORҥLÿѭӧFFKӑQOjPPүXPүXQj\ÿѭӧFJӑLOjÿѫQYӏ

6ӕÿROjNӃWTXҧFӫDTXiWUuQKÿRNӃWTXҧQj\ÿѭӧFWKӇKLӋQEҵQJPӝWFRQVӕ
FөWKӇ

'өQJFөÿR YjPүXÿR:
D'өQJFөÿR

&iFGөQJFөWKӵFKLӋQYLӋFÿRÿѭӧFJӑLOjGөQJFөÿRQKѭGөQJFөÿRGzQJÿLӋQ
$PSHPpWGөQJFөÿRÿLӋQiS9{QPpWGөQJFөÿRF{QJVXҩW2iWPpWYY

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(3)<div class='page_container' data-page=3>

- /RҥLOjPPүXGQJÿӇNLӇPWUDFiFPүXÿRYjGөQJFөÿRNKiFORҥLQj\ÿѭӧF
FKӃWҥRYjVӱGөQJWKHRWLrXFKXҭQNӻWKXұWÿҧPEҧROjPYLӋFFKtQK[iFFDR

- /RҥLF{QJWiFÿѭӧFVӱGөQJÿROѭӡQJWURQJWKӵFWӃORҥLQj\JӗPQKyPVDX
0үXÿRYjGөQJFөÿRWKtQJKLӋP

0үXÿRYjGөQJFөÿRGQJWURQJVҧQ[XҩW
&iFSKѭѫQJSKiSÿR ÿѭӧFFKLDOjPORҥL

D3KѭѫQJSKiSÿRWUӵFWLӃS OjSKѭѫQJSKiSÿRPjÿҥLOѭӧQJFҫQÿRÿѭӧFVRViQK
WUӵFWLӃSYӟLPүXÿR

3KѭѫQJSKiSQj\ÿѭӧFFKLDWKjQKFiFKÿR
- 3KѭѫQJSKiSÿRÿӑFVӕWKҷQJ

- PKѭѫQJSKiSÿRVRViQKOjSKѭѫQJSKiSPjÿҥLOѭӧQJFҫQÿRÿѭӧFVRViQKYӟL
PүXÿRFQJORҥLÿmELӃWWUӏVӕ

9tGͭ:

'QJFҫXÿRÿLӋQÿӇÿRÿLӋQWUӣGQJFҫXÿRÿӇÿRÿLӋQGөQJYY

E3KѭѫQJSKiSÿRJLiQWLӃS ljSKѭѫQJSKiSÿRWURQJÿyÿҥLOѭӧQJFҫQÿRVӁÿѭӧF
WtQKUDWӯNӃWTXҧÿRFiFÿҥLOѭӧQJNKiFFyOLrQTXDQ

9tGͭ:

0XӕQÿRÿLӋQiSQKѭQJWDNK{QJFy9{QPpWWDÿRÿLӋQiSEҵQJFiFK
- 'QJÐPPpWÿRÿLӋQWUӣFӫDPҥFK

- 'QJ$PSHPpWÿRGzQJÿLӋQÿLTXDPҥFK

6DXÿyiSGөQJFiFF{QJWKӭFKRһFFiFÿӏQKOXұWÿmELӃWÿӇWtQKUDWUӏVӕÿLӋQiSFҫQ
ÿR

6DLVӕYjWtQKVDLVӕ
6DLVӕ

.KLÿRVӕFKӍFӫDGөQJFөÿRFǊQJQKѭNӃWTXҧWtQKWRiQOX{QFyVӵVDLOӋFKYӟLJLi
WUӏWKӵFFӫDÿҥLOѭӑQJFҫQÿR/ѭӧQJVDLOӋFKQj\JӑLOjVDLVӕ

6DLVӕJӗPORҥL

6DLV͙K͏WK͙QJ OjVDLVӕFѫEҧQPjJLiWUӏFӫDQyOX{QNK{QJÿәLKRһFWKD\ÿәL
FyTX\OXұW6DLVӕQj\YӅQJX\rQWҳFFyWKӇORҥLWUӯÿѭӧF

Nguyên nhân:

'RTXiWUuQKFKӃWҥRGөQJFөÿRQKѭPDViWNKҳFYҥFKWUrQWKDQJÿRYY..

6DLV͙QJ̳XQKLrQ OjVDLVӕPjJLiWUӏFӫDQyWKD\ÿәLUҩWQJүXQKLrQGRVӵWKD\
ÿәL FӫD P{L WUѭӡQJ ErQ QJRjL QJѭӡL Vӱ GөQJ QKLӋW ÿӝ P{L WUѭӡQJ WKD\ ÿәL FKӏX ҧQK
KѭӣQJFӫDÿLӋQWUѭӡQJWӯWUѭӡQJÿӝҭPiSVXҩWYY

Nguyên nhân:

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(4)<div class='page_container' data-page=4>

B͡môn Cung C̭SĈL͏n Trang 7
- 'QJF{QJWKӭFWtQKWRiQNK{QJWKtFKKӧSGQJF{QJWKӭFJҫQÿ~QJWURQJWtQK
WRiQ1KLӋWÿӝP{LWUѭӡQJWKD\ÿәLFKӏXҧQKKѭӣQJFӫDÿLӋQWUѭӡQJWӯWUѭӡQJÿӝҭPiS
VXҩWYY

3KѭѫQJSKiSKҥQFKӃVDLVӕ

ĈӇKҥQFKӃVDLVӕWURQJWӯQJWUѭӡQJKӧSFyFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSVDX

ĈӕL YӟL VDL Vӕ KӋ WKӕQJ WLӃQ KjQK ÿR QKLӅX OҫQ Yj Oҩ\ JLi WUӏ WUXQJ EuQK FӫD
chúng.
ĈӕLYӟLVDLVӕQJүXQKLrQQJѭӡLVӱGөQJFөÿRSKҧLFҭQWKұQYӏ WUtÿһWPҳWSKҧL
YX{QJJyFYӟLPһWÿӝVӕFӫDGөQJFөWtQKWRiQSKҧLFKtQK[iFVӱGөQJF{QJWKӭFSKҧL

WKtFKKӧSÿLӅXNLӋQVӱGөQJSKҧLSKKӧSYӟLÿLӅXNLӋQWLrXFKXҭQ
&iFKWtQKVDLVӕ
*͕L$NӃWTXҧÿRÿѭӧF

A1JLiWUӏWKӵFFӫDÿҥLOѭӧQJFҫQÿR

7tQKVDLV͙QK˱VDX
6DLVӕWX\ӋWÿӕL

'A =~A1- A~ (1.1)

'$JӑLOjVDLVӕWX\ӋWÿӕLFӫDSKpSÿR
6DLVӕWѭѫQJÿӕL
%
100
.
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A '

' KRһF *100%

A
A

A '

' (1.2)

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%
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J 1 *100%

dm

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(1.3)

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4XDQKӋJLӳDVDLVӕWѭѫQJÿӕLYjVDLVӕTXLÿәL

d
dm

dm

qd A K

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*
*
%
100
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J (1.4)
dm
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K OjKӋVӕVӱGөQJWKDQJÿR.dd1)

1ӃX.d FjQJJҫQEҵQJWKuÿҥLOѭӧQJÿRJҫQEҵQJJLӟLKҥQÿR'A càng bé thì phép
ÿRFjQJFKtQK[iF7K{QJWKѭӡQJSKpSÿRFjQJFKtQK[iFNKL.d t1/2.

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ÿRGzQJÿLӋQQj\.ӃWTXҧÿRÿѭӧF$

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*LҧL

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(5)<div class='page_container' data-page=5>

'A =~A1- A~= 5 - 4,95 = 0,05 A
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.ӃWTXҧÿRÿѭӧFELӇXGLӉQGѭӟLGҥQJ

0
X

X

A và ta có X = A.X0 (1.5)

9tGө , $WKuĈҥLOѭӧQJÿROjGzQJÿLӋQ,
ĈѫQYӏÿROj$PSH$
&RQVӕNӃWTXҧÿROj
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WK{QJGөQJQKҩWKӋWKӕQJQj\TXLÿӏQKFiFÿѫQYӏFѫEҧQFKRFiFÿҥLOѭӧQJVDX

- ĈӝGjLWtQKEҵQJPpWP

- .KӕLOѭӧQJWtQKEҵQJNLO{JDPNJ
- 7KӡLJLDQ WtQKEҵQJJLk\V
- 'zQJÿLӋQWtQKEҵQJ$PSH$

%ӝLYjѭӟFVӕFӫDÿѫQYӏFѫ EҧQ

%ӝLVӕ ѬӟFVӕ

+ Tiga (T): 1012 + Mili (m): 10-3

+ Giga (G): 109 + Micro (P): 10-6

+ Mêga (M): 106 + Nano (n): 10-9

+ Kilô (K): 103 + Pico (p):10-12

7URQJÿy;OjÿҥLOѭӧQJÿR

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(6)<div class='page_container' data-page=6>

B͡môn Cung C̭SĈL͏n Trang 9
&ặ8+,9ơ%ơ,73

A. &kXKLWUFQJKLP

FNFiFFkXKLFKQYjW{HQờWUOL~QJQKWYjRFiF{FiFFWWQJ
QJ

TT 1LGXQJFkXKL a b c d

1.1. *LiWUEQJKLXVJLDJLiWU~QJFDLOQJFQ
RYjJLiWURFWUrQPWQJKRFJLOj

a. 6DLVӕSKө
b. 6DLVӕFѫEҧQ
c. 6DLVӕWX\ӋWÿӕL
G6DLVӕWѭѫQJÿӕL

#ð #ð #ð #ð

1.2. 7ӹ OӋ JLӳD VDL Vӕ WX\ӋW ÿӕL Yj JLi WUӏ WKӵF FҫQ ÿR WtQK
WKHRÿѭӧFJӑLOj

a. 6DLVӕWѭѫQJÿӕL
b. 6DLVӕSKө
c. 6DLVӕFѫEҧQ

d. 7ӹOӋSKҫQWUăPFӫDVDLVӕWX\ӋWÿӕL

#ð #ð #ð #ð

1.3 .KLÿRÿLӋQiS[RD\FKLӅX9YӟLGөQJFөÿRFyVDLVӕ

WѭѫQJÿӕLWKuVDLVӕWX\ӋWÿӕLOӟQQKҩWFyWKӇFyYӟL
GөQJFөOj

a. 10V;
b. 2,2V;
c. 3,3V;
d. 1,1V.

#ð #ð #ð #ð

%%jLWұS

1.4.1rXFiFÿӏQKQJKƭDYӅÿROѭӡQJ.

1.53KѭѫQJSKiSÿROjJu"&yPҩ\SKѭѫQJSKiSÿR"

1.6ĈѫQYӏÿROjJu"7KӃQjRJӑLOjÿѫQYӏWLrXFKXҭQ"

1.7'өQJFөÿROjJu"

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(7)<div class='page_container' data-page=7>

&+ѬѪ1*,,

0Ӝ76Ӕ&Ѫ&Ҩ8Ĉ2&+ӌ7+ӎ.,0

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ÿROѭӡQJÿLӋQWӱFKӍWKӏNӃWTXҧÿREҵQJKLӋQVӕFyÿӝFKtQK[iFFDR7X\QKLrQFiFWKLӃW
EӏÿROѭӡQJVӱGөQJFѫFҩXFKӍWKӏNӃWTXҧÿREҵQJNLPYүQÿѭӧFVӱGөQJUҩWSKәELӃQ
WURQJFiF[tQJKLӋSWUѭӡQJKӑFFǊQJQKѭWURQJFiFSKzQJWKtQJKLӋPYuWtQKѭXYLӋWFӫD
Qy&iFWKLӃWEӏÿROѭӡQJVӱGөQJFѫFҩXÿRFKӍWKӏNLPÿѭӧFGQJQKLӅXQKҩWOj9{QPpW
Yj$PSHPpWKѫQWKӃQӳDFiFFѫFҩXQj\WKDRWiFVӱGөQJÿѫQJLҧQYjJLiWKjQKFǊQJ
UҿKѫQUҩWQKLӅXVRYӟLFiFWKLӃWEӏÿROѭӡQJFKӍWKӏNӃWTXҧÿROѭӡQJEҵQJKLӋQVӕ9uYұ\
QJѭӡLF{QJQKkQFҫQKLӇXU}FҩXWҥRQJX\rQOêKRҥWÿӝQJFǊQJQKѭVӱGөQJWKjQKWKҥR
FiFFѫFҩXÿRFKӍ WKӏNLP

1JX\rQWҳFFKXQJFӫDFiFORҥLPi\ÿRFKӍWKӏNLP

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NӃWTXҧÿREҵQJVӕÿѭӧFÿӅFұSWURQJSKҫQWKLӃWEӏÿROѭӡQJFKӍWKӏVӕ

ĈӕLYӟLFiFFѫFҩXFKӍWKӏNLPNKLWKӵFKLӋQPӝWSKpSÿROX{QWXkQWKHRWUuQKWӵ
sau:

7tQKLӋXFӫDÿҥLOѭӧQJFҫQÿRÿѭӧFÿѭDYjRPҥFKÿRYjÿѭӧFELӃQÿәLWKjQKÿҥL
OѭӧQJÿLӋQÿҥLOѭӧQJÿLӋQQj\ÿѭӧFÿѭDYjRFѫFҩXÿRYjNӃWTXҧÿRÿѭӧFÿѭDUDNKӕL
FKӍWKӏVѫÿӗÿѭӧFKuQKWKjQK

2.1.1. SѫÿӗNKӕL

+uQK6ѫÿӗNKӕLFӫDFѫFҩXÿR

&KX\ӇQÿәLVѫFҩSOjPQKLӋPYөELӃQÿәL FiFÿҥLÿRWKjQKWtQKLӋXÿLӋQ
ĈyOjNKkXTXDQWUӑQJQKҩWFӫDWKLӃWEӏÿR

0ҥFKÿROjNKkXJLDF{QJWK{QJWLQÿRVDXFKX\ӇQÿәLVѫFҩSOjPQKLӋP
YөWtQKWRiQYjWKӵFKLӋQWUrQVѫÿӗPҥFK0ҥFKÿRWKѭӡQJOjPҥFKÿLӋQWӱYL[ӱOêÿӇ
QkQJFDRÿһFWtQKFӫDGөQJFө ÿR

&ѫFҩXFKӍWKӏÿROjNKkXFXӕLFQJFӫDGөQJFөWKӇKLӋQNӃWTXҧÿRGѭӟL
GҥQJFRQVӕYӟLÿѫQYӏ

&yFiFKWKӇKLӋQNӃWTXҧÿR
+ &KӍWKӏEҵQJNLP

&KӍWKӏEҵQJWKLӃWEӏWӵJKL
+ &KӍWKӏGѭӟLGҥQJFRQVӕ

1KѭYұ\FѫFҩXÿREDRJӗPFySKҫQWƭQKYjSKҫQÿӝQJ

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(8)<div class='page_container' data-page=8>

B͡môn Cung C̭SĈL͏n Trang 11

3KҫQWƭQKFyQKLӋPYөELӃQÿәLÿLӋQQăQJÿѭDYjRWKjQKFѫQăQJWiFGөQJ
OrQSKҫQÿӝQJ

3KҫQ ÿӝQJ JҳQ OLӅQ YӟL NLP JyF TXD\ FӫD NLP [iF ÿӏQK WUӏ Vӕ FӫD ÿҥL
OѭӧQJÿѭӧFÿѭDYjRFѫFҩXÿR

.KӕLFKӍWKӏ
2.1.2. Nguyên lý:

9ӟLFiFORҥLPi\ÿR FKӍWKӏNLPQrXWUrQWX\YӅFҩXWU~FFyNKiFQKDXQKѭQJFK~QJ
FyFKXQJPӝWQJX\rQWҳFVDX

.KLGzQJÿLӋQFKҥ\WURQJWӯWUѭӡQJVӁVLQKUDPӝWOӵFÿLӋQWӯ OӵFQj\VӁVLQKUD
PӝWP{PHQTXD\OjPTXD\NLPFKӍWKӏPӝWJyFD, góc quay D FӫDNLPOX{QWӹOӋYӟLÿҥL
OѭӧQJFҫQÿREDQÿҫXQrQQJѭӡLWDVӁÿRJyFOӋFKQj\ÿӇELӃWJLiWUӏFӫDÿҥLOѭӧQJFҫQÿR
&ѫFҩXÿRNLӇXWӯÿLӋQ

2.2.1. .êKLӋX

2.2.2. 6ѫÿӗFҩXWҥR

.KXQJTXD\NKXQJTXD\EҵQJQK{PKuQKFKӳQKұWWUrQNKXQJ FyTXҩQGk\ÿӗQJ
EӑF YHFQL 7RjQ Eӝ NKӕL OѭӧQJ NKXQJ TXD\ SKҧL FjQJ QKӓ FjQJ WӕW ÿӇ VDR FKR P{PHQ
TXiQWtQKFjQJQKӓFjQJWӕW7RjQEӝNKXQJTXD\ÿѭӧFÿһWWUrQWUөFTXD\KRһFWUHREӣL
dây treo.

1DP FKkP YƭQK FӱX NKXQJ TXD\ ÿѭӧF ÿһW JLӳD KDL FӵF Wӯ 1-S FӫD QDP FKkP
YƭQKFӱX

Hình 2.2a: Ký hiӋXFѫFҩu tӯ ÿLӋn Hình 2.2b: Ký hiӋXFѫFҩu tӯ ÿLӋn

N S

Khe hӣcӵc tӯ

Lӓi sҳt non

Ĉӕi trӑng
Cuӝn dây

Nam châm

Cӵc tӯ

Kim chӍthӏ

Lò xo
x

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(9)<div class='page_container' data-page=9>

/}LVҳWQRQKuQKWUөQҵPWURQJNKXQJTXD\WѭѫQJÿӕLÿӅX

.LPFKӍWKӏÿѭӧFJҳQFKһWWUrQWUөFTXD\KRһFGk\WUHR3KtDVDXNLPFKӍWKӏFy
PDQJÿӕLWUӑQJÿӇVDRFKRWUӑQJWkPFӫDNLPFKӍWKӏQҵPWUrQWUөFTXD\KRһFGk\WUHR

+ Lò xRÿӕLNKiQJNLӇPVRiWKRһFGk\WUHRFyQKLӋPYөNpRNLPFKӍWKӏYӅYӏWUt
EDQÿҫXÿLӇPYjNLӇPVRiWVӵTXD\FӫDNLPFKӍWKӏ

2.2.3. 6ѫÿӗQJX\rQOê

1JX\rQOêKRҥWÿӝQJ.KLFyGzQJÿLӋQFҫQÿR,ÿLYjRFXӝQGk\WUrQNKXQJ
TXD\VӁWiFGөQJYӟLWӯWUѭӡQJӣNKHKӣWҥRUDOӵFÿLӋQWӯ)

F = N.B.l.L (2.1)

7URQJÿy1VӕYzQJGk\TXҩQFӫDFXӝQGk\

%PұWÿӝWӯWK{QJ[X\rQTXDNKXQJGk\
/FKLӅXGjLFӫDNKXQJGk\

,FѭӡQJÿӝGzQJÿLӋQ

/ӵF ÿLӋQWӯQj\VӁVLQKUDPӝWP{PHQTXD\0q:
NBILb

b
F
Mq

2 (2.2)

7URQJÿyEOjEӅUӝQJFӫDNKXQJGk\

Yj/E 6OjGLӋQWtFKFӫDNKXQJGk\

Nên: Mq= N.B.S.I (2.3)

Mômen quay này làm pKҫQÿӝQJPDQJNLPÿRTXD\ÿLPӝWJyFDQjRÿyYjOz[R

ÿӕLNKiQJEӏ[RҳQOҥLWҥRUDP{PHQÿӕLNKiQJ0ÿNWӹOӋYӟLJyFTXD\D.

MÿN= K.D .OjÿӝFӭQJFӫDOz[R

.LPFӫDFѫFҩXVӁÿӭQJOҥLNKLKDLP{PHQWUrQEҵQJQKDX

Mq= M ÿN N.B.S.I = K.D (2.4)

b

F

)µ

N

S

+uQK6ѫÿӗnguyên lý

ҩ Ӈ

I
K
BSN

</div>
(10)<div class='page_container' data-page=10>

B͡môn Cung C̭SĈL͏n Trang 13

ĈһWC = const D = C.I (2.5)

&JӑLOjÿӝQKҥ\FӫDFѫFҩXÿRWӯÿLӋQ$PP&KRELӃWGzQJÿLӋQFҫQWKLӃWFKҥ\
TXDFѫFҩXÿRÿӇNLPÿROӋFKÿѭӧF PPKD\YҥFK

.ӃWOXұQ TXDELӇXWKӭFWUrQWDWKҩ\UҵQJJyFTXD\DFӫDNLPÿRWӹOӋYӟLGzQJÿLӋQ
FҫQÿRYjÿӝQKҥ\FӫDFѫFҩXÿRGzQJÿLӋQYjÿӝQKҥ\FjQJOӟQWKuJyFTXD\FjQJOӟQ

7ӯJyFDFӫDNLPWDVX\UDJLiWUӏFӫDÿҥLOѭӧQJFҫQÿR
ĈһFÿLӇPYjӭQJGөQJ

DĈһFÿLӇP

- ĈӝQKҥ\FDRQrQFyWKӇÿRÿѭӧFFiFGzQJÿLӋQPӝWFKLӅXUҩWQKӓWӯ-12y10-14).
- 7LrXWKөQăQJOѭӧQJÿLӋQtWQrQÿӝFKtQK[iFUҩWFDR

- &KӍÿRÿѭӧFGzQJYjiSPӝWFKLӅX

- .KҧQăQJTXiWҧLNpPYuNKXQJGk\TXD\QrQFKӍTXҩQÿѭӧFGk\FӥQKӓ
- &KӃWҥRNKyNKăQJLiWKjQKÿҳW

0X͙QÿRÿ˱ͫFFiFÿ̩LO˱͕QJ[RD\FKL͉XSK̫LTXDF˯F̭XQ̷QGzQJ
EӬQJGөQJ

6ҧQ[XҩWFiFGөQJFөÿR

- ĈRGzQJÿLӋQPLOL$PSHPpW$PSHPpW
- ĈRÿLӋQiSPLOL9{QPpW9{QPpW

- ĈRÿLӋQWUӣ{PPpW

2.3.&ѫFҩXÿRNLӇXÿLӋQWӯ
2.3.1.KýKLӋX

const
C

K
BSN

</div>
(11)<div class='page_container' data-page=11>

2.3.2.6ѫÿӗFҩXWҥR

D3KҫQWƭQKJӗPFXӝQGk\SKҫQWƭQKWUzQKRһFSKҷQJNK{QJFyO}LWKpS

E3KҫQÿӝQJJӗPOiWKpSQRQKuQKEiQQJX\ӋWJҳQOӋFKWkPWUrQWUөF7UrQWUөF
FzQFyOz[RÿӕLNKiQJNLPYjEӝSKұQFҧQGӏXNLӇXNK{QJNKt

2.3.3.1JX\rQOêKRҥWÿӝQJ

.KLFyGzQJÿLӋQFҫQÿR,ÿLYjRFXӝQGk\SKҫQWƭQKWKuQyVӁWUӣWKjQKPӝWQDP
FKkPÿLӋQYjSKLӃQWKpSVӁEӏK~WYjRUmQK/ӵFK~WQj\WҥRUDPӝWP{PHQTXD\
WUөF

1I
K

Mq (2.6)

'ѭӟLWiFGөQJFӫD0q NLPVӁTXD\PӝWJyFD/z[RVRVӁEӏ[RҳQGRÿyVLQKUD
P{PHQÿӕLNKiQJWӹOӋYӟLJyFTXD\D.

MÿN=K2.D (2.7)

.LPVӁQJѭQJTXD\NKLP{PHQWUrQFkQEҵQJQJKƭDOj
2

2
1
2

1 I

K
K
K

I

K

D

(2.8)

7KӵFUDӣYӏWUtFkQEҵQJNLPFKѭDGӯQJOҥLQJD\PjGDRÿӝQJTXDOҥL[XQJTXDQK

YӏWUtÿyQKѭQJQKӡFyEӝFҧQGӏXEҵQJNK{QJNKtVӁGұSWҳWTXiWULQKGDRÿӝQJQj\

2.3.4.ĈһFÿLӇPYjӭQJGөQJ
DĈһFÿLӇP

- &ҩXWҥRÿѫQJLҧQGӉFKӃWҥRJLiWKjQKUҿ
- ĈRÿѭӧFÿLӋQPӝWFKLӅXYj[RD\FKLӅX

Hình 2.6: &ѫFҩXÿRNLӇXÿLӋn tӯ

1. Cuӝn dây phҫQWƭQK 4. Trөc quay.

2 Rãnh hҽp. 5. Bӝcҧn dӏu kiӇu khơng khí

3 PhiӃn thép /z[Rÿӕi kháng.

1
2

5
4

</div>
(12)<div class='page_container' data-page=12>

B͡môn Cung C̭SĈL͏n Trang 15
- .KҧQăQJTXiWҧLWӕWYuFyWKӇFKӃWҥRFXӝQGk\SKҫQWƭQKYӟLWLӃWGLӋQGk\OӟQ

- 'RFXӝQGk\FyO}LOjNK{QJNKt QrQWӯWUѭӡQJ\ӃXYuYұ\ÿӝQKҥ\NpPYjFKӏX
ҧQKKѭӣQJFӫDWӯWUѭӡQJQJRjL

- &ҩSFKtQK[iFWKҩS
- 7KDQJFKLDNK{QJÿӅX
EӬQJGөQJ

- &KӃWҥRFiFGөQJFөÿRWK{QJGөQJ9{QPpW$PSHPpWÿR$&
- 'QJWURQJVҧQ[XҩWYjSKzQJWKtQJKLӋP

&ѫFҩXÿRNLӇXÿLӋQÿӝQJ
2.4.1..êKLӋX

2.4.2.6ѫÿӗFҩXWҥR

&ѫFҩXÿRÿLӋQÿӝQJ+uQKJӗPFyFXӝQGk\SKҫQWƭQKÿѭӧFFKLDWKjQK
SKҫQ QӕL WLӃS QKDX ÿӇ WҥR UD Wӯ WUѭӡQJ ÿӅX NKL Fy GzQJ ÿLӋQ FKҥ\ TXD 3KҫQ ÿӝQJ Oj

Hình 2.7: Ký hiӋXFѫFҩXÿRÿLӋQÿӝng

)2

I1

I2

)1

1

2

Hình 2.8: Ký hiӋXFѫFҩXÿRÿLӋQÿӝng

1- CuӝQGk\WƭQK

2- CuӝQGk\ÿӝng.

</div>
(13)<div class='page_container' data-page=13>

NKXQJGk\ÿһWWURQJFXӝQGk\WƭQKYjJҳQWUrQWUөFTXD\+uQKGiQJFXӝQGk\FyWKӇ
WUzQKRһFYX{QJ&ҧSKҫQÿӝQJYjSKҫQWƭQKÿѭӧFEӑFNtQEҵQJPjQFKҳQWӯÿӇWUiQKҧQK
KѭӣQJFӫDWӯWUѭӡQJQJRjLÿӃQVӵOjPYLӋFFӫDFѫFҩXÿR

2.4.3.Nguyên OêKRҥWÿӝQJ

.KLFyGzQJÿLӋQ,1, I2 '&KRһF$&ÿLYjRFXӝQGk\GLÿӝQJYjFӕÿӏQKVӁWҥRUD

mômen quay:

Mq= kqI1I2 GzQJÿLӋQ'&

+RһF (1 )

01 2

³

T

q ii dt

T
kq

M GzQJÿLӋQ$&

9ұ\JyFTXD\

2
1I
I
k
k

c
q
D

KRһF (1 2 )
0

1i dt
i
T
k
k T

c
q

³

D KcOjKҵQJVӕ[RҳQFӫDOz[R

1ӃX const
k

k

c

q WKuWKDQJÿRWX\ӃQWtQKWKHR,

1, I2

2.4.4.ĈһFÿLӇPYjӭQJGөQJ

&ѫ FҩX ÿR ÿLӋQ ÿӝQJ Fy WKӇ GQJ WURQJ PFK PW FKLX Yj [RD\ FKLX WKDQJ R
NK{QJXFyWKGQJFKWR9{QPpW$PSHPpWYj2iWPpWFyFKtQK[iFFDRYL
FSFKtQK[iFy1KFLPOjWLrXWKF{QJVXWOQ

&ặ8+,9ơ%ơ,73
$&ặ8+,&1*&%ơ,

FNFiFFkXKLFKQFkXWUOL~QJQKWYjW{HQ{mFKQYjRFWWQJ
QJ

TT 1ӝLGXQJFkXKӓL a b c d

2.1. &ѫFҩXÿRWӯÿLӋQÿRÿѭӧFFiFÿҥLOѭӧQJ:
a. ĈLӋQPӝWFKLӅX

b. ĈLӋQ[RD\FKLӅX

c. ĈLӋQ[RD\FKLӅXPӑLWҫQVӕ
d. &ҧPӝWFKLӅXOүQ[RD\FKLӅX

#ð #ð #ð #ð

2.2. &ѫFҩXÿRWӯÿLӋQWKDQJÿRÿѭӧFFKLD:
a. ĈӅXWX\ӃQWtQK

b. 7ӹOӋWKHRKjPORJDULW

</div>
(14)<div class='page_container' data-page=14>

B͡môn Cung C̭SĈL͏n Trang 17
c. 7ӹOӋEұF

d. 7ӹOӋWKHRKjPPǊ

2.3 ĈһF ÿLӇP FKtQK FӫD ORҥL Fѫ FҩX ÿR NLӇX ÿLӋQ Wӯ NLӇX
ÿLӋQÿӝQJYjNLӇXWӯÿLӋQOj

a. .LӇXÿLӋQWӯ3KpSÿRFKtQK[iFYjÿӝQKҥ\FDR
b. .LӇXÿLӋQÿӝQJ3KpSÿRFKtQK[iFYjÿӝQKҥ\FDR

c. .LӇXWӯÿLӋQ3KpSÿRFKtQK[iFYjÿӝQKҥ\FDR
d. %DNLӇXOjQKѭQKDXNK{QJNKiFELӋW

#ð #ð #ð #ð

2.4 ĈӇPӣUӝQJJLӟLKҥQÿRFKRFѫFҩXÿRÿLӋQWӯÿӇÿRÿLӋQ

iS[RD\FKLӅXWUrQ9SKҧLGQJ:

a. ĈLӋQWUӣSKөPҳFQӕLWLӃS
b. ĈLӋQWUӣSKөPҳFVRQJVRQJ
c. %LӃQiSÿROѭӡQJ

d. %LӃQGzQJÿROѭӡQJ.

#ð #ð #ð #ð

2.5 .KLÿRÿLӋQWUӣ*yFTXD\FӫDNLPFjQJOӟQWKuNӃWOXұQ:
a. ĈLӋQWUӣUҩWOӟQ

b. ĈLӋQWUӣFjQJOӟQ
c. ĈLӋQWUӣFjQJQKӓ
d. 7XǤORҥLPi\ÿR

#ð #ð #ð #ð

2.6 .KLÿRÿLӋQWUӣEҵQJPi\ÿRFKӍWKӏNLP7UӏVӕSKҧLÿѭӧF

ÿӑFWUӏWӯ:

a. 3KҧLTXDWUiL
b. TráLTXDSKҧL
c. *LӳDUDELrQ

d. 7ҥLYӏWUtNLPGӯQJOҥL

</div>
(15)<div class='page_container' data-page=15>

2.7 .KL ÿR GzQJ ÿLӋQ KRһF ÿLӋQ iS *yF TXD\ FӫD NLP FjQJ
OӟQWKuNӃWOXұQ

a. 7UӏVӕFjQJQKӓ
b. 7UӏVӕQKӓUҩW
c. 7UӏVӕFjQJOӟQ
d. 7XǤORҥL

#ð #ð #ð #ð

2.8 .KLÿRGzQJÿLӋQKRһFÿLӋQiSEҵQJPi\ÿRFKӍWKӏNLP

7UӏVӕSKҧLÿѭӧFÿӑFWUӏWӯ
a. 3KҧLTXDWUiL

b. 7UiLTXDSKҧL
c. *LӳDUDELrQ

d. 7ҥLYӏWUtNLPGӯQJOҥL

#ð #ð #ð #ð

%&kXKӓL

1. 1rXQJX\rQOêOjPYLӋFFӫDPi\ÿRFKӍWKӏNLPYjFiFFKLWLӃWFKXQJFӫDPi\ÿR
FKӍWKӏNLP

2. 1rXFҩXWҥRQJX\rQOêKRҥWÿӝQJYjÿһFÿLӇPӭQJGөQJFӫDFiFFKӍFiFFѫFҩX
ÿRWӯÿLӋQÿLӋQWӯÿLӋQÿӝQJ

7+Ӵ&+¬1+48$16È71+Ұ1%,ӂ79ӄ&Ҩ87Ҥ29¬ĈҺ&Ĉ,ӆ0&Ӫ$
&È&&Ѫ&Ҩ8Ĉ27+Ӵ&+¬1+7Ҥ,/Ӟ3

1. &KRKӑFVLQKTXDQViWYjQKұQELӃWWPӝWVӕFѫFҩXÿR WKѭӡQJGQJ
yêu cҫX:

- 9LӃWWrQFiFFѫFҩXÿR

- 1rXF{QJGөQJYjQJX\rQOêOjPYLӋFFӫDFiFORҥLFѫFҩXÿR ÿmÿѭӧFTXDQViW
1rXQKӳQJÿLӇPJLӕQJYjNKiFQKDXFӫDFiFFѫFҩXÿRÿmÿѭӧFTXDQViW.
1rXӭQJGөQJFӫDFiFFѫFҩXÿRÿyYjRFiFORҥLGөQJFөÿR

- 3KkQORҥLFiFcѫFҩXÿR ÿmÿѭӧFTXDQViWWKHRWӯQJQKyP
+ Nhóm FѫFҩXÿRÿLӋQÿӝQJ

</div>
(16)<div class='page_container' data-page=16>

B͡mơn Cung C̭SĈL͏n Trang 19
+ Nhóm FѫFҩXÿRFҧPӭQJ

/jPFiFEjLWұSWҥLOӟS
%%jLWұS

1rXFiFÿӏQKQJKƭDYӅÿROѭӡQJ

3KѭѫQJSKiSÿROjJu"&yPҩ\SKѭѫQJSKiSÿR"
ĈѫQYӏÿROjJu"7KӃQjRJӑLOjÿѫQYӏWLrXFKXҭQ"
'өQJFөÿROjJu"

</div>
(17)<div class='page_container' data-page=17>

&+ѬѪ1*,,,

Ĉ2&È&ĈҤ,/ѬӦ1*Ĉ,ӊ1&Ѫ%Ҧ1

*LӟLWKLӋX

7URQJTXiWUuQKOҳSUiSEҧRGѭӥQJVӳDFKӳDYjYұQKjQKFiFPҥFKÿLӋQKRһFKӋ
WKӕQJÿLӋQÿzLKӓLQJѭӡLF{QJQKkQSKҧLQҳPÿѭӧFFiFWK{QJVӕFӫDFiFÿҥLOѭӧQJFѫ
EҧQWURQJPҥFKÿLӋQPҥQJÿLӋQKRһFKӋWKӕQJÿLӋQ7ӯÿyÿѭDUDSKѭѫQJiQOҳSÿһWEҧR
GѭӥQJVӱDFKӳDYjYұQKjQKPҥFKPҥQJKRһFKӋWKӕQJÿLӋQWӕLѭXQKҩWÿӗQJWKӡLÿҧP
EҧRDQWRjQFKRQJѭӡLYjWKLӃWEӏ0XӕQYұ\QJѭӡLF{QJQKkQÿLӋQSKҧLQҳPÿѭӧFFiF
SKѭѫQJSKiSÿRYjNLӇPWUDFiFÿҥLOѭӧQJFѫEҧQÿyPӝWFiFKQKXҫQQKX\ӉQYjFyQKѭ
Yұ\PӟLQkQJFDRÿѭӧFFKҩWOѭӧQJFӫDPҥFKPҥQJÿLӋQYjKӋWKӕQJÿLӋQ

ĈRGzQJÿLӋQ

ĈRGzQJÿLӋQPӝWFKLӅX'&

D'өQJFөÿRGөQJFөÿӇÿRGzQJÿLӋQÿӑFWKҷQJQJѭӡLWDGQJ$PSHPpW
.êKLӋX

b.3KѭѫQJSKiSÿR
.KLÿR$PSHPpWÿѭӧFPҳFQӕLWLӃSYӟLSKөWҧ,KuQK

Ta có: RWÿ= Rt + Rm
7URQJÿy

RmOjÿLӋQWUӣWURQJFӫD$PSHPpWJk\VDLVӕ

0һWNKiFNKLÿR$PSHPpWWLrXWKөPӝWOѭӧQJF{QJVXҩW

P

A

I

R

m.
7ӯÿyÿӇSKpSÿRÿѭӧFFKtQK[iFWKu RmSKҧLUҩWQKӓ

F0ӣUӝQJJLӟLKҥQÿRFKR$PSHPpWWӯÿLӋQ

.KLGzQJÿLӋQFҫQÿRYѭӧWTXiJLӟLKҥQÿRFӫDFѫFҩXÿRQJѭӡLWDPӣUӝQJWKDQJ
ÿREҵQJFiFKPҳFQKӳQJÿLӋQWUӣVRQJVRQJYӟLFѫFҩXÿRJӑLOj6KXQWÿk\OjSKѭѫQJ
SKiSSKkQPҥFK

Ta có: ISRS= IA Rm hay

S
m
A
S

R
R
I

I (3.1)

Rm:ÿLӋQWUӣWURQJFӫDFѫFҩXÿR

RS: ÿLӋQWUӣFӫD6KXQW

phөtҧi
A

Hình 3.1: Vѫÿӗmҳc Ampemét

</div>
(18)<div class='page_container' data-page=18>

%͡P{Q&XQJ&̭SĈL͏Q Trang 21
7ӯWDVX\UD

S
S
m
A
A
S
R
R
R
I
I
I

Vì: I = IA+ IS OjGzQJÿLӋQFҫQÿRQrQWDFy

S
m
S
S
m
A R
R
R
R
R
I
I

1 (3.2)

ĈһW
S
m
i
R
R
n 1
Ta suy ra I = niIA

S
m
i
R
R
n 1

( OjEӝLVӕFӫD6KXQW&iFKWtQKÿLӋQWUӣ6KXQW

ni: cho ELӃWNKLFyPҳF6KXQWWKuWKDQJÿRFӫD$PSHPpWÿѭӧFPӣUӝQJQiOҫQVRYӟL
O~FFKѭDPҳF6KXQW

7ӯWDWKҩ\QӃX5SFjQJQKӓVRYӟL5mWKuWKDQJÿRÿѭӧFPӣUӝQJFjQJOӟQ
ĈLӋQWUӣVKXQWFyWKӇWtQKWKHRFiFKVDX
max
.
tai
max
. *
A
m

A
S
I
I
R
I
R
(*)

7URQJÿy,WҧLOjGzQJÿLӋQTXDWҧL
1

i
m
S
n
R
R

$PSHPpW ÿѭӧF PҳF QKLӅX ÿLӋQ WUӣ 6KXQW NKiF QKDX ÿӇ Fy QKLӅX WҫP ÿR NKiF
QKDXQKѭKuQKYӁ+uQK

Hình 3.26ѫÿӗmҳFÿLӋn trӣShunt

ÿӇ ӣ ӝ iӟi h ÿ

C

Shunt

I Rm

</div>
(19)<div class='page_container' data-page=19>

&yWKӇGQJFiFKFKX\ӇQÿәLWҫPÿRWKHRNLӇX6KXQW$\UWRQ(Hình 3.3):

0ҥFKÿRNLӇX6KXQW$\UWRQFyWҫPÿR
.KLNKyD.ӣYӏWUtWҫPÿRQKӓQKҩW
ĈLӋQWUӣ6KXQWӣYӏWUt

RS1= R1+ R2+ R3
1ӝLWUӣFӫDFѫFҩXOj5m

.KLNKyD.ӣYӏWUt
ĈLӋQWUӣ6KXQWӣYӏWUt

RS2= R1+ R2

1ӝLWUӣFӫDFѫFҩXOj5m+ R3
.KLNKyD.ӣYӏWUt
ĈLӋQWUӣ6KXQWӣYӏWUt

RS2 = R1

1ӝLWUӣFӫDFѫFҩXOj5m+ R3+ R2

9tGͭ&KRFѫFҩXÿRFyQӝLWUӣ5m= 1k:'zQJÿLӋQOӟQQKҩWTXDFѫFҩXOjPA. Tính
FiFÿLӋQWUӣ6KXQWӣWҫPÿRP$WҫPÿRP$WҫPÿRP$
*LҧL
ӢWҫPÿRP$
ÈSGөQJF{QJWKӭF
max
.
max
. *
A
tai
m
A
S
I
I
R
I
R

Ta có

max
.
max
.

3
2
1
1
*
A
tai
m
A
S
I
I
R
I
R
R
R

R :

6
,
52
10
*
950
1
*
10

*
50
6
3
ӢWҫPÿRP$
ÈSGөQJF{QJWKӭF
max
.
max
. *
A
tai
m
A
S
I
I
R
I
R

Ta có:

max
.
3
max
.

2
1
2
*
A
tai
m
A
S
I
I
R
R
I
R
R
R
199
.
1
10
*
9950
)
.
1
(
*
10
*

50 3
6
3
6
R
k
R

k: :

ӢWҫPÿRP$
ÈSGөQJF{QJWKӭF
max
.
max
. .
A
tai
m
A
S
I
I
R
I
R

Hình 3.3: MҥFKÿRNLӇu Shunt Ayrton

C

I R1 R2 R3

</div>
(20)<div class='page_container' data-page=20>

%͡P{Q&XQJ&̭SĈL͏Q Trang 23
Ta có:

max
.
2
3
max
.
1
3
.
A
tai
m
A

S
I
I
R
R
R
I
R
R
1999
.
1
10
.
99950
)
.
1
.(
10
.

50 3 2

6
2
3

6 k R R k R R

:

:

Thay vào ta có:

3
3

1 52,6

199
.
1
R
R
k
R

R : :

47,337

200
1000
4
,
10467
3
R
:

526
,
0
2000
6
,
1052
1999
6
,
52
1000 1
1
R
R

R2= 52,6 - (47,337 + 0,526) = 4,737:

9ұ\JLiWUӏFiFÿLrQWUӣ6KXQWӣFiFWҫPÿROj

RS1= R1+ R2+ R3= 0,526 + 4,737 + 47,337 = 52,6 :

RS2 = R1+ R2= 0,526 +4,737 = 5,263 :

RS3 = R1= 0,526:
G0ӣUӝQJWҫPÿRFKRFѫFҩXÿLӋQWӯ

7KD\ ÿәL Vӕ YzQJ Gk\ TXҩQ FKR FXӝQ Gk\ Fӕ ÿӏQK YӟL OӵF ÿLӋQ Wӯ ) NK{QJ ÿәL
F = n1.I1= n2I2= n3I3=...

9tGө) $PSHYzQJFKRWҫPÿR
I1= 1A; I2= 5A; I3= 10A.
.KLÿy n1= 300 vòQJFKRWҫPÿR$

n2 YzQJFKRWҫPÿR$

n3 YzQJFKRWҫPÿR$
H0ӣUӝQJWҫPÿRFKRFѫFҩXÿLӋQÿӝQJ
0ҳFVRQJVRQJFiFÿLӋQWUӣ6KXQWYӟLFXӝQGk\GLÿӝQJ&iFKWtQKÿLӋQWUӣ6KXQW
JLӕQJQKѭYӟLFiFKWtQKӣFѫFҩXWӯÿLӋQ
ĈRGzQJÿLӋQ[RD\FKLӅX$&
D1JX\rQOêÿR
&ѫFҩXÿLӋQWӯYjÿLӋQÿӝQJÿӅXKRҥWÿӝQJÿѭӧFYӟLGzQJÿLӋQ[RD\FKLӅXGRÿyFy
WKӇGQJKDLFѫFҩXQj\WUӵFWLӃSYj PӣUӝQJWҫPÿRQKѭ$PSHPpWÿRGzQJÿLӋQ PӝW
FKLӅX

5LrQJFѫFҩXWӯÿLӋQNKLGQJSKҧLELӃQÿәLGzQJÿLӋQ[RD\FKLӅXWKjQKGzQJÿLӋQ
PӝWFKLӅX1JRjLUDGRWtQKFKtQK[iFFӫDFѫFҩXWӯÿLӋQQrQFѫFҩXQj\UҩWWK{QJGөQJ

WURQJSKҫQOӟQ$PSHPpWWURQJPi\ÿRYҥQQăQJ920

</div>
(21)<div class='page_container' data-page=21>

-'QJÿLӋQWUӣ6KXQWYjÿL{WFKRFѫFҩXWӯÿLӋQ$PSHPpWFKӍQKOѭX

ĈL{WPҳFQӕLWLӃSYӟLFѫFҩXGRÿyGzQJÿLӋQLcLtbTXDFѫFҩXGzQJFzQOҥLTXDÿLӋQ
WUӣ6KXQW

1yLFKXQJFiF$PSHPpWFKӍQKOѭXFyÿӝFKtQK[iFNK{QJFDRGRKӋVӕFKӍQKOѭX
WKD\ÿәLWKHR QKLӋWÿӝWKD\ÿәLWKHRWҫQVӕ 9uYұ\FҫQSKҧLE QKLӋWÿӝYjEWҫQVӕ
'ѭӟLÿk\OjFiFVѫÿzEWҫQVӕFӫDFiF$PSHPpWFKӍQKOѭXEҵQJFXӝQFҧPYjWөÿLӋQ&

0һW NKiF FiF $PSHPpW Wӯ ÿLӋQ FKӍQK OѭX ÿѭӧF WtQK WRiQ YӟL GzQJ ÿLӋQ Fy GҥQJ
KuQKVLQKӋVӕKình dáng Khd= 1,1

I
Dk
BSW

hd

.KLÿRYӟLFiFGzQJÿLӋQNK{QJSKҧLKuQKVLQVӁJk\VDLVӕ

ѬXÿLӇPFӫDGөQJFөQj\OjÿӝQKҥ\FDRWLrXWKөF{QJVXҩWQKӓFyWKӇOjPYLӋFӣ
WҫQVӕ+]y1kHz.

1KѭӧFÿLӇPÿӝFKtQK[iFWKҩS

- Ampemét ÿLӋQWӯOjGөQJFөÿRGzQJÿLӋQGӵDWUrQFѫFҩXFKӍWKӏÿLӋQWӯ0ӛLFѫ
FҩXÿLӋQWӯÿѭӧFFKӃWҥRYӟLVӕ$PSHYjVӕYzQJQKҩWÿӏQK

9tGө

&XӝQGk\WUzQFy,: $YzQJFXӝQGҽWFy IW 100y150A YzQJGRÿyNKL
PӣUӝQJWKDQJÿRFKӍFҫQWKD\ÿәLVDRFKR,:OjKҵQJVӕEҵQJFiFKFKLDÿRҥQGk\WKjQK
QKLӅXÿRҥQEҵQJQKDXYjWKD\ÿәLFiFKQӕLJKpSFiFÿRҥQÿyQKѭKuQKDÿӇÿRGzQJ
ÿLӋQQKӓKuQKEÿӇÿRGzQJÿLӋQWUXQJEuQKKuQKFÿӇÿRGzQJÿLӋQOӟQ

Hình 3.4: Ampemét chӍQKOѭX

C

RS

ICLTB

VD
IS

-IAC

+uQK&iFSKѭѫQJSKiSEWҫn sӕcӫa Ampemét chӍQKOѭX

a.Bù tҫn sӕcӫa Ampemét chӍQKOѭXEҵng
cuӝn cҧm

RCU

L
RMN

b.Bù tҫn sӕcӫa Ampemét chӍnh

OѭXEҵng tө ÿLӋn Ccҧm

C
RCU

</div>
(22)<div class='page_container' data-page=22>

%͡P{Q&XQJ&̭SĈL͏Q Trang 25
- $PSHPpWÿLӋQÿӝQJWKѭӡQJVӱGөQJÿRGzQJÿLӋQӣWҫQVӕ+]KRһFFDRKѫQ
(400yYӟLÿӝFKtQK[iFFDRFҩSy 0,2).

7\WKHRGzQJÿLӋQFҫQÿRPjFXӝQGk\WƭQKYjFXӝQGk\ÿӝQJÿѭӧFPҳFQӕLWLӃS

KRһFVRQJVRQJKuQK

- .KLGzQJÿLӋQFҫQÿRQKӓKѫQ$QJѭӡLWDPҳFQӕLWLӃSFXӝQGk\WƭQK$1,A2) và
FXӝQGk\ÿӝQJKuQKD

- .KLGzQJÿLӋQFҫQÿROӟQKѫQ$FXӝQGk\WƭQKYjFXӝQGk\ÿӝQJÿѭӧFJKpS
song song (hình 3.7b).

$PSHPpWÿLӋQÿӝQJFyÿӝFKtQK[iFFDRQrQÿѭӧFVӱGөQJOjPGөQJFөPүX&iF
SKҫQ Wӱ 5 / WURQJ Vѫ ÿӗ GQJ ÿӇ E VDL Vӕ WҫQ Vӕ Yj WҥR FKR GzQJ ÿLӋQ ӣ FXӝQ Gk\
trùng pha nhau.

.KLFҫQÿRFiFGzQJÿLӋQOӟQÿӇPӣUӝQJWKDQJÿRQJѭӡLWDFzQGQJPi\ELӃQ
GzQJÿLӋQ%,

&ҩX WҥRFӫDELӃQGzQJJӗPFyFXӝQGk\

b.ĈRGzQJÿLӋn trung bình

Hình 3.6: MӣrӝQJWKDQJÿRFӫD$PSHPpWÿLӋn tӯ

I1

I2

I I

FĈRGzQJÿLӋn lӟn

I I

DĈRGzQJÿLӋn nhӓ

+uQK6ѫÿӗ $PSHPpWÿLӋQÿӝng

b. A-mét

B
A1

L1

R1

A2

L2

R2

a. mA-mét

B
A2

</div>
(23)<div class='page_container' data-page=23>

- &XӝQVѫFҩS:1, ÿѭӧFPҳFQӕLWLӃSYӟLPҥFKÿLӋQFyGzQJ,1FҫQÿR

- &XӝQWKӭFҩS:2 PҳFQӕLWLӃSYӟL$PSHPpWFyGzQJÿLӋQ,2FKҥ\TXD

ĈӇÿҧPEҧRDQWRjQFXӝQWKӭFҩSOX{QOX{QÿѭӧFQӕLÿҩW

&XӝQWKӭFҩSÿѭӧFFKӃWҥRYӟLGzQJÿLӋQÿӏQK PӭFOj$ &KҷQJ KҥQWDWKѭӡQJ
JһS Pi\ ELӃQ GzQJ Fy GzQJ ÿLӋQ ÿӏQK PӭF Oj $ $ $ $ 7Uӯ
QKӳQJWUѭӡQJKӧSÿһFELӋW

7DFyWӹVӕELӃQGzQJ

1
2
2
1

W
W
I
I
Ki

7ӹVӕ.iEDRJLӡFǊQJÿѭӧFWtQKVҹQNKLWKLӃWNӃ%,QrQNKLWUrQDPSHPpWFyVӕÿR

I2WDGӉGjQJWtQKQJD\ÿѭӧF,1

I1 = KiI2

9tGө%LӃQGzQJÿLӋQFyGzQJÿLӋQÿӏQKPӭFOj$:1= 1 vòng.

;iFÿӏQKVӕYzQJFӫDFXӝQWKӭFҩSYjWuP[HPNKLDPSHPpWWKӭFҩSFKӍ,2 = 2,85A
WKuGzQJÿLӋQFXӝQVѫFҩSOjEDRQKLrX

*LҧL

- 7ӹVӕELӃQGzQJ 120
5

600

i

K

- 6ӕYzQJFXӝQWKӭFҩS:2 = KiW1= 120 vòng

- 'zQJÿLӋQVѫFҩS,1= KiI2=120 x 2,85 = 342A

Ampe kìm:

$PSHNuPOjPӝWPi\ELӃQGzQJFyOҳSVҹQPӝWDPSHPpWYjRFXӝQWKӭFҩSĈѭӡQJ
Gk\FyGzQJÿLӋQFҫQÿRÿyQJYDLWUzFXӝQVѫFҩS0ҥFKWӯFӫD$PSHNuPFyWKӇPӣUD
QKѭPӝWFKLӃFNuP.KLFҫQÿRGzQJÿLӋQFӫDPӝWÿѭӡQJGk\QjRÿyFKӍYLӋFPӣPҥFKWӯ
UDYjFKRÿѭӡQJGk\ÿyYjRJLӳDNuPUӗLÿyQJPҥFKWӯOҥL$PSHPpWJҳQWUrQNuPVӁFKӍ
FKRELӃWJLiWUӏGzQJÿLӋQFҫQÿR

&KӭFQăQJFKtQKFӫD$PSHNuPOjÿRGzQJÿLӋQ[RD\FKLӅXÿӃQYjLWUăPDPSHPj
NK{QJFҫQSKҧLFҳWPҥFKÿLӋQWKѭӡQJGQJÿӇÿRGzQJÿLӋQWUrQÿѭӡQJGk\GzQJÿLӋQ
TXDFiFPi\PyFÿDQJOjPYLӋF

I1

A

W1

W2

</div>
(24)<div class='page_container' data-page=24>

%͡P{Q&XQJ&̭SĈL͏Q Trang 27
NgoàiUDWUrQ$PSHNuPFzQFyFiFWKDQJÿR$&9'&9YjWKDQJÿRÿLӋQWUӣ
ѬXÿLӇPJӑQQKҽVӱGөQJWKXұQWLӋQDQWRjQ7KѭӡQJGQJÿӇÿRGzQJÿLӋQWUrQ
ÿѭӡQJGk\GzQJÿLӋQFKҥ\TXDFiFPi\PyFÿDQJYұQKjQKPjNK{QJFҫQFҳWPҥFK

1KѭӧFÿLӇPFKӏXҧQKKѭӣQJFӫDWӯWUѭӡQJQJRjL
ĈRÿLӋQiS

'өQJFөÿRYjSKѭѫQJSKiSÿR

D'өQJFөÿRĈӇÿRÿLӋQiSÿӑFWKҷQJWUӏVӕWDGQJ9{QPpW
.êKLӋX

E3KѭѫQJSKiSÿR

KhiÿR9{QPpWÿѭӧFPҳFVRQJVRQJYӟLÿRҥQPҥFKFҫQÿR

Ta có:

V
V

r
U

I (1)

rV +ҵQJVӕELӃW,V VX\UDÿLӋQiS8

OFF

DCV
ACV

ACA
1

2
3

4
5

V
A

Hình 3.9: KӃt cҩu ngồi cӫa Ampe kìm

1.Gӑng kìm; 2. Chӕt mӣgӑng kìm;

3. Núm xoay; 4. Nút khóa kim;

V

+uQK6ѫÿӗmҳc vơn mét
V

rV

I I

</div>
(25)<div class='page_container' data-page=25>

'zQJTXDFѫFҩX,V làmTXD\NLPPӝWJyFWӹOӋYӟLGzQJÿLӋQ,V FǊQJFKtQKWӹOӋ
YӟLÿLӋQiSFҫQÿR87UrQWKDQJÿRWDJKLWKҷQJWUӏVӕÿLӋQiS

7ӯVX\UD,V Jk\VDLVӕPXӕQJLҧPVDLVӕWKuSKҧLWăQJÿLӋQWUӣUV.
0һWNKiF9{QPpWFǊQJWLrXWKөPӝWOѭӧQJF{QVXҩW
V
V
r

U
P
2

rV FjQJOӟQWKu

PVFjQJQKӓÿLӋQiS8ÿRÿѭӧFFjQJFKtQK[iF
ĈRÿLӋQiS'&

D1JX\rQOêÿR

ĈLӋQiSÿѭӧFFKX\ӇQWKjQKGzQJÿLӋQÿRÿLTXDFѫFҩXÿR
1ӃXFѫFҩXÿRFy,maxYjÿLӋQWUӣQӕLWLӃS5WKu

MAX
m
do
do I
R
R
V
I d

9ӟL5mOjÿLӋQWUӣWURQJFӫDFѫFҩXÿR

7әQJWUӣYjR9{QNӃ=V= R + Rm

&iFFѫFҩXWӯÿLӋQÿLӋQWӯÿLӋQÿӝQJÿӅXÿѭӧFGQJOjP9{QPpW'&%ҵQJFiFK
QӕLWLӃSÿLӋQWUӣÿӇKҥQFKӃGzQJÿLӋQTXDFѫFҩXFKӍWKӏ5LrQJFѫFҩXÿLӋQÿӝQJFXӝQ

Gk\GLÿӝQJYjFXӝQGk\FӕÿӏQKPҳFQӕLWLӃS

E0ӣUӝQJJLӟLKҥQÿR

0ӛLFѫFҩXÿRFKӍJLӟLKҥQÿRÿѭӧFPӝWJLiWUӏQKҩWÿӏQK9uYұ\ÿӇPӣUӝQJJLӟL
KҥQ ÿR FӫD 9{QPpW .KL ÿLӋQ iS FҫQ ÿR YѭӧW TXi JLӟL KҥQ ÿR FKR SKpS FӫD 9{QPpW
QJѭӡLWDPҳFWKrPPӝWÿLӋQWUӣSKө5PQӕLWLӃSYӟLFѫFҩXÿR

Ta có: UP= IRP

P
P

R
U

I

UV= I.rV

V
V
r
U
I

V
V
P
P

r
U
R
U 
V
P
V
P
r
R
U
U

V
V
P
V
V
P
r
r
R
U
U
U

Vì: UP+ UV= U

nên:
V

P
V
V
P
V r
R
r
r
R
U
U

1
ĈһW U
V
P
n
r
R

1
U
V
n
U
U

U = UV.nu

V
P
U
r
R
n 1
( EӝLVӕÿLӋQWUӣSKө
+ӋVӕQu FKRELӃWNKLPҳFÿLӋQWUӣSKөWKuWKDQJÿRFӫD9{QPpWÿѭӧFPӣUӝQJQu
OҫQ

1ӃX5pUҩWOӟQVRYӟLUVWKuWKDQJÿRFjQJÿѭӧFPӣUӝQJ

RP FjQJOӟQVRYӟLUvWKuFӣÿRFjQJÿѭӧFPӣUӝQJ

+uQKGQJÿLӋn trӣphө(RPÿӇmӣrӝng giӟi
hҥQÿRFKR9{QPpW

V rV

I

Phөtҧi

RP

Up
UV

</div>
(26)<div class='page_container' data-page=26>

%͡P{Q&XQJ&̭SĈL͏Q Trang 29
0XӕQFyQKLӅXWҫPÿRNKiFQKDXWDGQJPҥFKÿRQKѭVDX

Ĉk\FǊQJOjPҥFKÿRÿLӋQiS'&WKѭӡQJGQJWURQJÿRYҥQQăQJ

7әQJWUӣYjRFӫD9{QPpWWKD\ÿәLWKHRWҫPÿRQJKƭDOjWәQJWUӣYjRFjQJOӟQWKu
WҫPÿRÿLӋQiSFjQJOӟQ&KRQrQQJѭӡLWDGQJ WUӏVӕÿӝQKҥ\:9'&FӫD9{QPpWÿӇ
[iFÿӏQKWәQJWUӣYjRFKRPӛLWҫPÿR

9tGͭ9{QPpWFyÿӝQKҥ\N:/ VDC
ӢWҫPÿR9WәQJWUӣYjROj

ZV1= 2,5V * 20 k:/ VDC = 50 k:
ӢWҫPÿR9WәQJWUӣYjROj

ZV2=10V * 20 k:/ VDC = 200 k:

ĈRÿLӋQiS$&

ĈӕLYӟLFѫFҩXÿRÿLӋQÿӝQJÿLӋQWӯ9{QPpW$&GQJQKӳQJFѫFҩXQj\SKҧLPҳF
QӕLWLӃSÿLӋQWUӣYӟLFѫFҩXÿRQKѭ9{QPpW'&9uKDLFѫFҩXQj\KRҥWÿӝQJYӟLWUӏKLӋX
GөQJFӫDGzQJ[RD\FKLӅX5LrQJFѫFҩXWӯÿLӋQSKҧLGQJSKѭѫQJSKiSELӃQÿәLQKѭӣ
$PSHPpWWӭFOjGQJÿL{WFKӍQKOѭX

D9{QPpWWӯÿLӋQFKӍQKOѭXÿRÿLӋQiS[RD\FKLӅX

/jGөQJFөÿѭӧFSKӕLKӧSPҥFKFKӍQKOѭXYӟLFѫFҩXÿRWӯÿLӋQQKѭKuQKYӁVDX
C

Rm R2

R3

R1

+

VÿR
+

-V1

V2

V3

Hình 3.12: MҥFKÿRÿLrQiS'&QKLӅu tҫPÿR

Hình 3.13: Vơnmét tӯ ÿLӋn chӍQKOѭXÿRÿLӋn áp xoay chiӅu

- R1ÿLӋn trӣbù nhiӋWÿӝlàm bҵQJGk\ÿӗng.

- R2ÿLӋn trӣmanganin.

C

R1

R2 C

U

C

Rp
L

</div>
(27)<div class='page_container' data-page=27>

0ӣUӝQJWKDQJÿRӣ9{QPpWWӯÿLӋQFKӍQKOѭXFǊQJWѭѫQJWӵ9{QPpWWӯÿLӋQPӝW
FKLӅX

E9{QPpWÿLӋQWӯ

/j GөQJ Fө ÿR ÿLӋQ iS [RD\ FKLӅX WҫQ Vӕ F{QJ QJKLӋS &XӝQ Gk\ SKҫQ WӍQK Fy Vӕ
YzQJOӟQWӯyYzQJĈӇPӣUӝQJWKDQJÿRQJѭӡLWD PҳFQӕLWLӃSYӟLFXӝQGk\
FiFÿLӋQWUӣSKөQKѭKuQKGѭӟLÿk\7өÿLӋQ&GQJÿӇEWҫQVӕNKLÿRӣWҫQVӕFDRKѫQ
WҫQVӕF{QJQJKLӋS

F9{QPpWÿLӋQÿӝQJ

&ҩXWҥRFӫD9{QPpWÿLӋQÿӝQJJLӕQJ$PSHPpWÿLӋQÿӝQJQKѭQJVӕYzQJFXӝQGk\
WӍQKOӟQKѫQWLӃWGLӋQGk\QKӓKѫQ

7URQJ9{QPpWÿLӋQÿӝQJFXӝQGk\WӍQKYjFXӝQGk\ÿӝQJÿѭӧFPҳFQӕLWLӃSQKDX
&XӝQGk\WӍQKÿѭӧFFKLDWKjQKSKҫQ$1và A2KuQKYӁWUrQ+uQK

.KLÿRÿLӋQiSQKӓKѫQKRһFEҵQJ9KDLÿRҥQ$1 và A2ÿѭӧFPҳFsong song
YӟLQKDX1ӃXÿLӋQiS8!9FiFÿRҥQ$1 và A2 ÿѭӧFPҳFQӕLWLӃSQKDX

1JRjLUDÿӇPӣUӝQJSKҥPYLÿROӟQKѫQ7UrQ9QJѭӡLWDGQJPi\ELӃQ
ÿLӋQiSÿROѭӡQJ%8

7ѭѫQJWӵQKѭ%,%8GQJÿROѭӡQJWURQJPҥFKÿLӋQ[RD\FKLӅXÿLӋQiSFDR&ҩX
WҥRWѭѫQJWӵQKѭPi\ELӃQiSWK{QJWKѭӡQJWDFyWӹVӕELӃQiS

2
1

W
W
U
U
KU

U1= KU.U2

ĈLrQiSÿӏQKPӭFWKӭFҩS82 OX{QOX{QÿѭӧFWtQKWRiQOj9WUӯPӝWVӕWUѭӡQJ
KӧSÿһFELӋW

C

Rm Rp1 Rp2 Rp3

U1 U2 U3

+uQK9{QPpWÿLӋn tӯ.

Hình 3.15: Máy biӃQÿLӋn áp

V
U2
U1

</div>
(28)<div class='page_container' data-page=28>

%͡P{Q&XQJ&̭SĈL͏Q Trang 31
&KҷQJKҥQ

ĈӕLYӟLÿLӋQiSN9QJѭӡL WDWKѭӡQJGQJ%8 FyÿLӋQiSÿӏQK PӭFOj
10000/100V

ĈӕLYӟLÿLӋQiSN9QJѭӡL WDWKѭӡQJGQJ%8 FyÿLӋQiSÿӏQK PӭFOj
35000/100V

9tGө7KDQKJySÿLӋQiSN9FyÿһWELӃQÿLӋQiS9ErQWKӭFҩS
PҳF9{QPpWYjFiFGөQJFөÿR.KL9{QPpWFKӍ8 9WKuÿLӋQiSWUrQWKDQKJySOj
bao nhiêu?

*LҧL

7DFy7ӹVӕELӃQiS

2
1
U
U

KU 1150

100
115000

ĈLӋQiSWUrQWKDQKJySFKtQKOjÿLӋQiSVѫFҩSFӫD%8WDFy
U1 = KU.U2= 1150*95 = 109250V = 109,25kV

9ұ\ÿLӋQiSWUrQWKDQKJySOjN9

3.3. ĈRF{QJVXҩW

ĈRF{QJVXҩWWiFGөQJPҥFKPӝWFKLӅX
DĈRF{QJVXҩWPҥFKPӝWFKLӅX

-ĈRJLiQWLӃS

7DELӃWF{QJVXҩWPҥFKPӝWFKLӅXÿѭӧFWtQKWKHRF{QJWKӭF3 8,
1rQWDÿRF{QJVXҩWEҵQJFiFKPҳFVѫÿӗÿRQKѭVDX

+ Dùng Am-pe-PpW[iFÿӏQKWUӏVӕGzQJÿLӋQTXDWҧL
+ Dùng Vơn-PpW[iFÿӏQKWUӏVӕÿLӋQiSJLiQJWUrQWҧL

7ӯÿyWD[iFÿӏQKÿѭӧFF{QJVXҩWWLrXWKөWUrQWҧLWKHRF{QJWKӭFWUrQ
1KѭӧFÿLӇP:

&KұPFyNӃWTXҧYuSKҧLTXDTXiWUuQKWtQKWRiQWUXQJJLDQ
&ҫQSKҧLFyGөQJFөÿR

6DLVӕWѭѫQJÿӕLOӟQ

>6DLVӕSKpSÿR VDLVӕ$PSHPpWVDLVӕ9{QPpWVDLVӕWtQKWRiQ@.
- ĈRWUӵFWLӃS

ĈӇÿRF{QJVXҩWWUӵFWLӃSWDGQJGөQJFөÿROj2iWPpW

Hình 3.16: MҥFKÿRF{QJVXҩt dùng V-mét và A-mét

UDC

+

-+
+

-R
V

</div>
(29)<div class='page_container' data-page=29>

2iWPpWWKѭӡQJÿѭӧFFKӃWҥRWӯFѫFҩXÿRÿLӋQÿӝQJKRһFVҳWÿLӋQÿӝQJĈk\OjKDL
FѫFҩXÿRYӯDÿRÿѭӧF,AC và IDC2iWPpWJӗPKDLFXӝQGk\

&XӝQGk\WƭQKFyVӕYzQJtWGQJGk\FyWLӃWGLӋQOӟQYjÿѭӧFPҳFQӕLWLӃS
YӟLPҥFKFҫQÿRF{QJVXҩWJӑLOjFXӝQGzQJ

&XӝQGk\ÿӝQJÿѭӧFTXҩQQKLӅXYzQJYӟLWLӃWGLӋQGk\QKӓFyÿLӋQWUӣQKӓ
ÿѭӧFPҳFQӕLWLӃSYӟLÿLӋQ WUӣSKө5p YjVRQJVRQJYӟLPҥFKFҫQÿRF{QJVXҩWJӑLOj
FXӝQiS

7UrQWKDQJÿRQJѭӡLWDJKLWKҷQJWUӏVӕF{QJVXҩWWѭѫQJӭQJYӟLJyFTXD\D.

.KLÿәLFKLӅXGzQJÿLӋQFӫDPӝWWURQJKDLFXӝQGk\P{PHQTXD\VӁÿәLFKLӅXGR
ÿyNLPFӫD2iWPpWVӁTXD\QJѭӧFOҥL7tQKFKҩWÿyJӑLOjFӵFWtQKFӫD2iWPpW

ĈӇWUiQKPҳFQKҫPFӵFWtQKFiFÿҫXFXӝQGk\FQJQӕLYӟLÿҫXQJXӗQÿѭӧFÿiQK
GҩXKRһF&ҫQFK~êÿLӅXQj\NKLVӱGөQJ2iWPpW

ĈRF{QJVXҩWWiFGөQJPҥFK[RD\FKLӅXPӝWSKDEDSKD
DĈRF{QJVXҩWWURQJPҥFKÿLӋQ[RD\FKLӅXSKD

9ӟL PҥFK ÿLӋQ [RD\ FKLӅX NK{QJ WKӇ GQJ SKѭѫQJ SKiS $PSHPpW- 9{QPpW ÿӇ
[iFÿӏQKF{QJVXҩWWLrXWKөWUrQWҧLYuWtFKVӕ8,FKӍOjF{QJVXҩWELӇXNLӃQPjSKҧLGQJ
2iWPpWÿӇÿR

7DELӃWUҵQJJyFTXD\D WURQJWUѭӡQJKӧSQj\WӍOӋYӟLFiFGzQJÿLӋQ,GzQJÿLӋQ
TXDWҧLYj,vGzQJÿLӋQTXDFXӝQÿӝQJWӍOӋYӟLÿLӋQiSWҧLTXDFXӝQGk\YjJyFOӋFK
SKDJLӳDFK~QJ9uÿLӋQFҧPWURQJFXӝQiSNK{QJÿiQJNӇQrQGzQJÿLӋQ,v và U cùng
SKD9ұ\JyFOӋFKSKDJLӳDGzQJÿLӋQ,Yj,v FǊQJFKtQKOjJyFOӋFKSKDM JLӳDGzQJ
ÿLӋQ,YjÿLӋQiSSKөWҧL8'RÿyWDFy

P
K
P
R
R

K
UI

R
R

K

p
u
p

u

.
cos

. M

7URQJÿy
(

P
UR

R
K
K1 ).

+uQKĈRcông suҩt mӝt chiӅu bҵng Oatmét
Iv

RP Rt

I
2

1
*

*

+

-UDC

</div>
(30)<div class='page_container' data-page=30>

%͡P{Q&XQJ&̭SĈL͏Q Trang 33
1JKƭDOjJyFTXD\FӫDNLPWӹOӋYӟLF{QJVXҩWFҫQÿR'Rÿy2iWPpWNLӇXÿLӋQÿӝQJ
Yj VҳW ÿLӋQ ÿӝQJ Fy WKӇ GQJ ÿӇ ÿR F{QJ VXҩW WURQJ FiF PҥFK ÿLӋQ PӝW FKLӅX Yj [RD\
FKLӅX

.KLVӱGөQJ2iWPpWSKҧLFK~êÿӃQFӵFWtQKFӫDFXӝQGk\9uNKLÿәLFKLӅXGzQJ
ÿLӋQWURQJFXӝQGk\WKuP{PHQTXD\ÿәLFKLӅXGүQÿӃQNLPFӫD2iWPpWTXD\QJѭӧF

- &iFKÿҩX2iWPpWYjRPҥFKFyFiFK

ĈҩXFXӝQGzQJÿLӋQWURQJKuQKDGQJNKLÿRPҥFKÿLӋQFyF{QJVXҩWQKӓ
ĈҩXFXӝQGzQJÿLӋQQJRjLGQJNKLÿRPҥFKÿLӋQFyF{QJVXҩWOӟQ

- 7KD\ÿәLWҫPÿR

ĈӕLYӟL FXӝQGzQJÿLӋQQJѭӡLWDFKLDFXӝQGzQJFXӝQWƭQKWKjQKKDLQӱDFXӝQ
UӗLÿҩXQӕLWLӃSKRһFVRQJVRQJOҥLYӟLQKDX

.KLÿҩXQӕLWLӃSKDLQӱDFXӝQKuQKDWҫPÿROj,ÿP.
.KLÿҩXVRQJVRQJKDLQӱDFXӝQKuQKEWҫPÿROj,ÿP

ĈӕLYӟLFXӝQÿLӋQiSGQJÿLӋQWUӣSKөQKLӅXFӣÿӇWKD\ÿәLWҫPÿRQKѭ9{Q
PpWPҳFQӕLWLӃSFiFÿLӋQWUӣSKөYjRFXӝQÿӝQJPҥFKQKѭKuQKF

+uQKĈRF{QJVXҩt xoay chiӅu bҵng Oátmét.

*

RP Rt

I
2

*

UAC

a. CuӝQÿLӋn áp mҳFWUѭӟc
*

RP Rt

*

UAC

*

RP Rt

I
2

*

UAC

Hình 3.19: Hai cách nӕi Oátmét

</div>
(31)<div class='page_container' data-page=31>

FĈRF{QJVXҩWPҥFKSKD

-0ҥFKSKDGk\

ĈӇÿRF{QJVXҩWӣ PҥFKSKDGk\QJѭӡL WDGQJ 2iWPpWSKDPӛL2iWPpW
PҳFYjRPӝWSKDVDXÿyFӝQJFiFFKӍVӕFӫDFK~QJOҥLYӟLQKDX

P3P= P1 +P2 + P3

7URQJWKӵFWӃQJѭӡLWDFKӃWҥR2iWPpWSKDSKҫQWӱ1yEDRJӗPFXӝQGzQJ
ÿLӋQWѭѫQJӭQJYӟL FXӝQÿLӋQiSJҳQWUrQFQJPӝWWUөFTXD\0{PHQOjPTXD\SKҫQ
ÿӝQJOjWәQJFӫDP{PHQWKjQKSKҫQ7ӭFOjVӕFKӍFӫD2iWPpWVӁWӹOӋYӟLF{QJVXҩW
pha.

3KѭѫQJWUuQKÿһFWtQKWKDQJÿR
D K3P3P

6ѫÿӗPҳFQKѭVDX

+uQK7KD\ÿәi cӥ ÿRFӫa Oátmét
IÿP

IÿP

2IÿP

IÿP

RP1 R

t
I

2
1
*

UAC

1
2

3
RP2

RP3

A

ZA
ZB
ZC

*
P1

*
*

*

P3
B

C
N

+uQK6ѫÿӗdùng 3 Oátmét mӝt pha

A

ZA
ZB
ZC

*
P1

*
*

*
P2

P3
B

C
N

Hình 3.22: 6ѫÿӗdùng Oátmét ba pha ba phҫn tӱ

</div>
(32)<div class='page_container' data-page=32>

%͡P{Q&XQJ&̭SĈL͏Q Trang 35
- 0ҥFKSKDGk\

*ӑLGzQJÿLӋQFKҥ\WURQJSKDOҫQOѭӧWOjLA, iB, iCta có:

iA+ iB+ iC= 0 iC= -(iA+iB)
&{QJVXҩWWӭFWKӡLSKD

P3P = iAUA+iBUB+ iCUC = iAUA+ iBUB- (iA+iB)UC

= iA(UA- UC) + iB(UB- UC) = iAUAC+iBUBC

= P1+ P2

1KѭYұ\F{QJVXҩWFӫDPҥQJSKDGk\ÿѭӧFÿR2iWPpWPӝWSKD
2iWPpWWKӭQKҩWÿRGzQJÿLӋQSKD$YjÿLӋQiS8AC

2iWPpWWKӭKDLÿRGzQJÿLӋQSKD%YjÿLӋQiS8BC
6ѫ ÿӗPҳF2iWPpWQKѭVDX

7URQJ WKӵF WӃ QJѭӡL WD FKӃ WҥR 2iWPpW SKD SKҫQ Wӱ QӕL FKXQJ PӝW WUөF FiFK
PҳFGk\2iWPpWSKDQKѭFiFKPҳFӣSKѭѫQJSKiSÿRF{QJVXҩWPҥQJSKDEҵQJ
2iWPpWVӕFKӍFӫD2iWPpWQj\VӁOjF{QJVXҩWFӫDPҥQJSKDGk\

6ѫ ÿӗPҳF2iWPpWQKѭVDX

7UѭӡQJKӧSPҥQJSKDFkQEҵng:

1ӃXWUѭӡQJKӧSPҥQJSKDFkQEҵQJFK~QJWDFKӍFҫQGQJPӝW2iWPpWPӝWSKD
ÿRF{QJVXҩWӣPӝWSKDVDXÿyOҩ\NӃWTXҧÿRÿѭӧFQKkQYӟLPҥFKSKDGk\KRһF
QKkQYӟLPҥFKSKDGk\

A
B
C

Z
Z

Z
*

*
*
P2
P1

+uQK6ѫÿӗdùng 2 Oátmét mӝt pha

ÿR F{QJ VXҩt mҥch ba pha ba dây

A
B
C

Z
Z

Z
*

*
*

P2
P1

+uQK6ѫÿӗdùng Oátmét ba pha hai phҫn tӱ

</div>
(33)<div class='page_container' data-page=33>

7UѭӡQJ KӧS ÿm QӕL ÿ~QJ FӵF WtQK Pj NLP FӫD PӝW 2iWPpW QjR ÿy YүQ TXD\
QJѭӧFWKuSKҧLÿәLFKLӅXFXӝQGk\ÿLӋQiSFӫD2iWPpWҩ\/~FÿyF{QJVXҩWWiFGөQJFӫD
PҥFKSKDVӁEҵQJKLӋXVӕFӫDVӕFKӍFӫD2iWPpWWӭFOj

P3p= P1 - P2

&KRQrQWDQyLUҵQJF{QJVXҩWFӫDPҥQJSKD EҵQJWәQJÿҥLVӕVӕFKӍFӫD2iWPpW
ĈRKӋVӕF{QJVXҩW

+ӋVӕF{QJVXҩWFRVM FӫDPҥFKÿLӋQ[RD\FKLӅXGQJÿӇÿiQKJLiFKҩWOѭӧQJFӫD
PҥFKÿLӋQ7URQJÿyMOjJyFOӋFKSKDJLӳDÿLӋQiSYjGzQJÿLӋQ

ĈRKӋVӕF{QJVXҩWEҵQJSKѭѫQJSKiSJLiQWLӃS
- 7KHRF{QJWKӭFWtQKF{QJVXҩWWDFy

P = UIcosM

UI
P

cosM

9ұ\GQJFiFGөQJFөÿR2iWPpWY{QPpWYjDPSHPpW
- 9ӟLPҥFKSKDÿӕL[ӭQJ

P 3UdId cosM

d
dI
U
P
3
cos
M

- 9ӟLPҥFKSKDNK{QJÿӕL[ӭQJFRVM FӫDSKDNK{QJEҵQJQKDXQrQFyNKiL
QLӋPFRVM FӫDPҥFKSKDQKѭVDX

7ӯWDPJLiFF{QJVXҩWWDFy

P
Q

tgM mà

M
M
2
1
1
cos
tg

nên
2
)
(
1
1
cos
P
Q

M
9ӟLKӝWLrXWKөÿLӋQQăQJ
A
ZA
ZB
ZC
*
P
*
B
C
N

a.Mҥch 3 pha 4 dây

A
B
C
Z
Z
Z
*
*
P

b.Mҥch 3 pha 3 dây
+uQKVѫÿӗdùng mӝtOátmétÿRF{QJVXҩt mҥFKSKDÿӕi xӭng

s Q

</div>
(34)<div class='page_container' data-page=34>

%͡P{Q&XQJ&̭SĈL͏Q Trang 37

2
)
(
1

1
cos

TD
PK

W
W

7URQJÿy

WPKÿLӋQQăQJSKҧQNKiQJÿREҵQJGөQJFөÿӃPÿLӋQQăQJSKҧQNKiQJF{QJ
WѫSKҧQNKiQJ

WTDÿLӋQQăQJWiFGөQJÿREҵQJGөQJFөÿӃPÿLӋQQăQJWiF GөQJF{QJWѫ
ÿLӋQ

ĈRKӋVӕF{QJVXҩWÿӑFWKҷQJ

'өQJFөÿRKӋVӕF{QJVXҩWÿӑFWKҷQJOjFRVM NӃFRVM NӃÿLӋQÿӝQJSKDFyFѫ
FҩXÿROjWӹVӕNӃÿLӋQÿӝQJFyPҥFKPҳFQKѭKuQKYӁ

&XӝQGk\SKҫQWƭQKFӫDWӹVӕNӃOjFXӝQGzQJÿLӋQFyGzQJÿLӋQFӫDSKөWҧLÿLTXD
FXӝQGk\ÿLӋQiSÿѭӧFFKLDWKjQKFXӝQÿѭӧFÿһWGѭӟLÿLӋQiS8WURQJÿyPӝWFXӝQ
ÿѭӧFQӕLWLӃSYӟLÿLӋQWUӣSKө5P OӟQQrQGzQJ,1 TXDFXӝQGk\WUQJSKDYӟLÿLӋQiS
8FXӝQGk\QӕLWLӃSYӟLFXӝQFҧP/FyÿLӋQFҧPOӟQ, nên dòng I2 TXDFXӝQGk\FKұP
SKDVDXVRYӟLÿLӋQiS8PӝWJyF0.

ĈRÿLӋQQăQJ

3.5.1. &{QJGөQJ

ĈӇÿRÿLӋQQăQJWURQJPҥFKÿLӋQ[RD\FKLӅXQJѭӡLWDGQJF{QJWѫÿLӋQFzQJӑLOj
Pi\ÿӃPÿLӋQQăQJÿLӋQNӃKD\ÿLӋQQăQJNӃ1yLFiFKNKiFF{QJWѫ ÿLӋQ OjORҥLPi\
ÿRGQJÿӇÿROѭӧQJÿLӋQQăQJWLrXWKөFӫDSKөWҧL6ӕFKӍWUrQF{QJWѫÿѭӧFWtQKEҵQJ
KWh.

3.5.2. &ҩXWҥRYjQJX\rQOêOjPYLӋFFӫDF{QJWѫÿLӋQ
D&ҩXWҥRKuQK

I
I2

Rt
L

U

I1
R

*
*

+uQK6ѫÿӗnguyên lý cӫa cosM kӃ ÿLӋQÿӝng

</div>
(35)<div class='page_container' data-page=35>

- 3KҫQWƭQK

*ӗPFyQDPFKkPÿLӋQFKӳ*QDPFKkPGzQJÿLӋQFKӳ8YjPӝWQDPFKkPYƭQK
FӱXOjPEӝFҧQGӏX

1DPFKkPÿLӋQFKӳ*TXҩQGk\FӣQKӓVӕYzQJQKLӅXQӕLVRQJVRQJYӟLPҥFK
FҫQÿROjPFXӝQiS

1DPFKkPGzQJÿLӋQFKӳ8TXҩQVӕYzQJGk\tWWLpWGLӋQGk\OӟQOjPFXӝQGzQJ
YjÿѭӧFPҳFQӕLWLӃSYӟLPҥFKFҫQÿR

1DPFKkPYƭQKFӱXÿӇWҥRUDP{PHQFҧQ
- 3KҫQÿӝQJ

/jPӝWÿƭDQK{PWUzQӣWkPÿƭDFyJҳQWUөFTXD\PӝWÿҫXWUөFJҳQWUrQә
ÿӣPӝWÿҫXFzQOҥLJҳQYӟLKӋWKӕQJEiQK[HUăQJFyFҩXWҥRÿһFELӋWWKHRWӹOӋÿӇ
ÿӃPVӕYzQJTXD\FӫDÿƭDQK{PWKӇKLӋQWUrQEiQK[HFӫDWUөFVӕ

E1JX\rQOêOjPYLӋF

&{QJWѫÿLӋQOjPYLӋFWKHRQJX\rQOêFҧPӭQJÿLӋQWӯ

.KL Fy GzQJ ÿLӋQ [RD\ FKLӅX ÿL TXD FXӝQ GzQJ ÿLӋQ VӁ VLQK UD Wӯ WK{QJ)1 ELӃQ
WKLrQTXDÿƭDQK{PGRÿyWURQJÿƭDQK{PVӁ[XҩWKLӋQGzQJ ÿLӋQ[Ri\Li7ѭѫQJWӵQKѭ
Yұ\ӣFXӝQÿLӋQiSGzQJ[RD\FKLӅXVLQKUDWӯWK{QJ)2 ELӃQWKLrQGRÿyVLQKUDGzQJ

+uQK&{QJWѫÿLӋn 1 pha
Nam châm dòng

ÿLӋn chӳU

ÿƭDQK{P

Trөc quay (2)
HӋthӕng bánh

[HUăQJ

Bánh xe trөc sӕ(4)

</div>
(36)<div class='page_container' data-page=36>

%͡P{Q&XQJ&̭SĈL͏Q Trang 39
ÿLӋQLѭ QJѭӧFFKLӅXYӟLLi các dòng ii và iѭ WiFGөQJYӟL)1 và )2 WҥRWKjQKP{PHQ
TXD\OjPÿƭDQK{PTXD\

Mq = K1 P

'RÿƭDQK{POҥLQҵP WURQJWӯWUѭӡQJFӫDQDPFKkPYƭQKFӱXQrQ NKLÿƭDQK{P
TXD\WKuWURQJÿƭDOҥL[XҩWKLӋQGzQJFҧPӭQJLc6ӵWѭѫQJWiFJLӳDLcYjWӯWUѭӡQJFӫD
QDPFKkPYƭQKFӱXVӁVLQKUDP{PHQKmPQJѭӧFFKLӅXYӟLP{PHQTXD\GRÿyQDP
châmYƭQKFӱXFzQÿѭӧFJӑLOjQDPFKkPKmP

Mc= K2QQOjWӕFÿӝTXD\FӫDÿƭDQK{P

Khi Mq= Mc WKuÿƭDQK{PTXD\ÿӅX

Mq= Mc K1 P = K2n
P

K
K
K
P

n 3

2
1

(

2
1
3

K
K

K )

1KѭYұ\WӕFÿӝTXD\FӫDÿƭDQK{PWӹOӋYӟLF{QJVXҩW3FӫDPҥFKFҫQÿRF{QJ
VXҩWTXDF{QJWѫÿLӋQ

ĈӇÿRÿLӋQQăQJWURQJPҥFK[RD\FKLӅXSKDFyWKӇGQJF{QJWѫSKDYӟL
FiFKPҳFGk\WѭѫQJWӵQKѭNKLÿRF{QJVXҩWSKDEҵQJ2iWPpW&ǊQJFyWKӇGQJ
F{QJWѫSKDÿӇÿRÿLӋQQăQJWURQJPҥFK[RD\FKLӅXSKD

&{QJWѫSKDJӗPFѫFҩXF{QJWѫSKDQӕLWUrQFQJPӝWWUөFTXD\QKѭKuQK

3.28:

+uQKF{QJWѫEDSKD

1DP FKkP ÿLӋQ [RD\
FKLӅX

1DP FKkP YƭQK FӱX QDP
châm hãm)

ĈƭDQK{P

6
5

1, 2
3

</div>
(37)<div class='page_container' data-page=37>

3.5.3. &iFKPҳFF{QJWѫYjRPҥFKFҫQÿR:

ĈӕLYӟLF{QJWѫSKDKD\SKDÿӅXFyFӵFWtQKFӫDFiFFXӝQGzQJYjiSÿѭӧFÿiQK
EҵQJGҩXGRÿyNKLPҳFGk\FҫQFK~êÿҩXÿ~QJÿҫXFӵFWtQK

- 6ѫÿӗÿҩXGk\F{QJWѫSKD+uQK

- 6ѫÿӗÿҩXGk\F{QJWѫSKDSKҫQWӱ+uQK

- .tKLӋXTXLѭӟFF{QJWѫÿLӋQPӝWSKDÿѭDUDÿҫXGk\ÿѭӧFÿiQKVӕOҫQOѭӧWWӯ
WUiLTXDSKҧLOjKD\66//

&iFÿҫXKD\66ÿѭӧFQӕLYӟLQJXӗQ
&iFÿҫXKD\//ÿѭӧFQӕLYӟLWҧLWLrXWKө
3.5.4. &iFKFKӑQF{QJWѫKӧSOê:

7UrQF{QJWѫÿLӋQQKjVҧQ[XҩWVӁFKRFiFJLiWUӏ

ĈLӋQiSÿӏQKPӭF8ÿP OjJLiWUӏÿLӋQiSFKRSKpSF{QJWѫOjPYLӋF&{QJ
WѫSKDWKѭӡQJFyÿLӋQiSÿӏQKPӭFOj9KRһF9&{QJWѫSKDWKѭӡQJFyÿLӋQ
iSÿӏQKPӭFOjSKD9KRһFSKD9

'zQJÿLӋQÿӏQKPӭF,ÿPOjJLiWUӏGzQJÿLӋQOjPYLӋFFӫDF{QJWѫ1KjVҧQ
[XҩWWKѭӡQJFKRJLiWUӏGzQJÿLӋQOjPYLӋFEuQKWKѭӡQJÿӏQKPӭFYjGzQJÿLӋQWӕLÿD
FӵFÿҥLPjF{QJWѫFyWKӇOjPYLӋFÿѭӧFGѭӟLGҥQJ,ÿP(Imax).

Nguӗn Tҧi

L

N

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+uQK6ѫÿӗÿҩXGk\F{QJWѫSKD
2

Tҧi
A

B
C
N

*
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</div>
(38)<div class='page_container' data-page=38>

%͡P{Q&XQJ&̭SĈL͏Q Trang 41
HҵQJVӕF{QJWѫFKR ELӃWVӕYzQJTXD\FӫDF{QJWѫWUrQPӛL.:KÿLӋQ
QăQJ WLrX WKө 7K{QJ WKѭӡQJ Fy FiF KҵQJ Vӕ VDX 5HY.:K 5HY.:K
Rev/KWh;1200 Rev/KWh ...

1JRjLUDWUrQQKmQFzQFyFiFWK{QJVӕNKiFQKѭWҫQVӕVӕKLӋXVҧQSKҭP
QăPVҧQ[XҩW

4XDQViWFiFNêKLӋXWUrQPһWF{QJWѫÿӇFKӑQF{QJWѫWKtFKKӧSYӟLPҥFKFҫQ
ÿRÿLӋQiSGzQJÿLӋQÿӏQKPӭFKҵQJVӕF{QJWѫFҩSFKtQK[iFYY

.KLFKӑQF{QJWѫQJRjLYLӋFFKӑQÿLӋQiSFӫDF{QJWѫWKtFKKӧSYӟLÿLӋQiSPҥFK
FҫQÿRWDFҫQSKҧLFKӑQGzQJÿLӋQÿӏQKPӭFFӫDF{QJWѫWKtFKKӧSYӟLGzQJÿLӋQPҥFK
ÿR0XӕQYұ\WDSKҧLWtQKFѭӡQJÿӝGzQJÿLӋQWӕLÿDFӫDWҩWFҧFiFÿӗGQJÿLӋQWURQJ

QKj[HPQKѭWҩWFҧÿӗGQJÿLӋQQj\ÿѭӧFVӱGөQJFQJPӝWO~F

3.5.5. ĈRNLӇPF{QJWѫ

'R FҩX WҥR FӫD F{QJ Wѫ FXӝQ GzQJ ÿLӋQ Gk\ WR tW YzQJ Yj FXӝQ ÿLӋQ iS Gk\ QKӓ
QKLӅXYzQJKѫQQrQNKLGQJ2KPNӃÿӇÿRNLӇPVӁÿѭӧFNӃWTXҧ5DÒNG<< RÁP. Chú ý:
0XӕQSKpSÿRÿѭӧFFKtQK[iFNKLÿRSKҧLKӣFҫXQӕLWҥLÿLӇPVӕWUrQVѫÿӗ

3.5.6. .LӇPWUDVѫEӝWӕFÿӝTXD\FӫDF{QJWѫ

7ӕFÿӝTXD\FӫDF{QJWѫSKөWKXӝFYjR

ĈӝOӟQFӫDWҧLWҧLFjQJOӟQWӕFÿӝTXD\FjQJQKDQK

+ҵQJ Vӕ ÿӃP FӫD F{QJ Wѫ KҵQJ Vӕ Qj\ FjQJ FDR WӕF ÿӝ TXD\ VӁ FjQJ QKDQK
Ĉk\OjWKDPVӕFѫEҧQÿӇFkQFKӍQKKRһFNLӇPWUDÿӝFKtQK[iFFӫDF{QJWѫ

9tGө

&{QJWѫÿLӋQORҥL9$5HY.:K.LӇPWUDF{QJWѫEҵQJEyQJÿqQ
220V± :WKuWKҩ\

*LҧVӱÿLӋQiSQJXӗQÿ~QJOj9YjF{QJVXҩWFӫDÿqQÿ~QJ:NK{QJVDL
Vӕ

'RF{QJVXҩWFӫDÿqQOj:QrQSKҧLVӱGөQJKWKuOѭӧQJÿLӋQQăQJWLrX
WKөPӟLOj.:K1JKƭDOjO~FÿyÿӗQJKӗTXD\ÿѭӧFYzQJ

1KѭYұ\WURQJJLӡF{QJWѫVӁTXD\ÿѭӧF YzQJKD\OjPӛLphút
F{QJWѫVӁTXD\YzQJ

3.5.7. ĈӑFFKӍVӕYjWtQKÿLӋQQăQJWLrXWKө

.KLF{QJWѫOjPYLӋFOѭӧQJÿLӋQQăQJWLrXWKөVӁÿѭӧFKLӇQWKӏWUrQPһWVӕÿѫQYӏ
WtQKOj.:K1JѭӡLGQJFKӍYLӋFÿӑFJLiWUӏQj\WKHRTXLѭӟFWӯWUiLVDQJSKҧL

7tQKÿLӋQQăQJWLrXWKөFӫDPӝWWKiQJ$tháng FKӍVӕPӟL± FKӍVӕFǊ

ĈѪ19ӎ
CHӨC

75Ă0
NGÀN

CHӨC NGÀN

</div>
(39)<div class='page_container' data-page=39>

7+Ӵ&+¬1+Ĉ2&È&ĈҤ,/ѬӦ1*Ĉ,ӊ18,39¬$

ĈRÿLӋQ iSYjGzQJÿLӋQ
7UuQKWӵWKӵFKLӋQQKѭVDX

1. 'QJ Pi\ ÿR 920 ÿR NLӇP WUD FiF FҩS ÿLӋQ iS $& '& FӫD Eӝ QJXӗQ WKt
QJKLӋP

2. /ҳSPҥFKQKѭKuQKVDX

3. ĈRGzQJÿLӋQTXDPҥFKFKtQK,
%1ӕLWҳWF± d; c ±i.

%&ҩSQJXӗQWҥLDYjJ±).

%7LӃQKjQKÿRGzQJÿLӋQWҥLEF±YjJKLNӃWTXҧYjREҧQJ

4. ĈRGzQJÿLӋQTXDPҥFKQKiQKWKӭQKҩW,1)
0ҥFKÿDQJӣWUҥQJWKiLQKѭSKҫQWLӃQKjQK
%1ӕLWҳWE± c.

%+ӣPҥFKWҥLF±d.

%ĈRGzQJÿLӋQTXDPҥFKQKiQKWKӭQKҩW,1WҥLFG±), YjJKLNӃWTXҧYjR
EҧQJ

5. ĈRGzQJÿLӋQTXDPҥFKQKiQKWKӭKDL,2)

7LӃQKjQKWѭѫQJWӵQKѭSKҫQ1ӕLWҳWF- GKӣPҥFKYjÿRWҥLFYjL-JKLNӃW
TXҧYjREҧQJJKLNӃWTXҧÿR

&K~ê0XӕQÿRGzQJÿLӋQWҥLÿLӇPQjRWKuSKҧLKӣPҥFKYjÿRWҥL ÿLӇPÿy

6. ĈRVөWiSWUrQWӯQJQKiQKYjWӯQJSKҫQWӱ
0ҥFKÿDQJӣWUҥQJWKiLQKѭSKҫQWLӃQKjQK
%1ӕLWҳWF± LQJXӗQYүQFҩSQKѭFǊ

%ĈRVөWiSWUrQWӯQJQKiQKWҥLFiFÿLӇPD±b; d ±f; f ±g; và i ±h.
%ĈRVөWiSWUrQWӯQJÿLӋQWUӣWҥLFiFÿLӇPD±b; d ±e; e ±f; f ±g;

và i ± KJKLNӃWTXҧYjREҧQJJKLNӃWTXҧÿR

R1

a

R2 R3

R4

R5
b

c

d e f

g

h
i

I1

</div>
(40)<div class='page_container' data-page=40>

%͡P{Q&XQJ&̭SĈL͏Q Trang 43
7. /jPOҥLFiFWKtQJKLӋPWӯSKҫQÿӃQQKѭQJYӟLQKӳQJJLiWUӏNKiFFӫDÿLӋQiS
QJXӗQNӃWTXҧFǊQJJKLYjREҧQJWѭѫQJWӵWKӵFKLӋQtWQKҩWOjJLiWUӏQJXӗQÿLӋQNKiF
nhau).

8. ĈR [iF ÿӏQK OҥL FiF JLi WUӏ ÿLӋQ WUӣ *LҧL PҥFK EҵQJ ÿӏQK OXұW 2KP ÿӇ NLӇP
FKӭQJNӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋP&KRQKұQ[pWYӅVӵNKiFELӋWQӃXFyJLӳDOêWKX\ӃWYjWKӵF
QJKLӋP

%ҧQJJKLQKұQNӃWTXҧÿR

UCC I I1 I2 UR1 UR2,3 UR4 UR5 R1=

UR2 UR3

R2=

R3=

R4=

</div>
(41)<div class='page_container' data-page=41>

&ặ8+,9ơ%ơ,73
&ặ8+,75&1*+,0

&kXKL\rXFXWUOLQKDQK

FNFiFFkXKLFKQYjW{HQờWUOL~QJQKWYjR {WKtFKKSFWWQJ
QJ0LFkXFKFyPWờXQJ

TT 1LGXQJFkXKL a b c d

3.1. 'zQJLQ[RD\FKLXWKQJFREQJ
a. Ampe Kỡm;

b. VOM;

c. Oátmét và Vônmét;

d. Ampemét và Vônmét.

#ð #ð #ð #ð

3.2. KhiÿRGzQJÿLӋQKRһFÿLӋQiS*yFTXD\FӫDNLPFjQJOӟQ
WKuNӃWOXұQ

a.7UӏVӕFjQJQKӓ
b.7UӏVӕUҩWQKӓ
c.7UӏVӕFjQJOӟQ
d.7XǤORҥL

#ð #ð #ð #ð

3.3 .KLÿRGzQJÿLӋQKRһFÿLӋQiSEҵQJPi\ÿRFKӍWKӏNLP7Uӏ
VӕSKҧLÿѭӧFÿӑFWUӏWӯ

a. 3KҧLTXDWUiL
b. 7UiLTXDSKҧL
c. *LӳDUDELrQ

d. 7ҥLYӏWUtNLPGӯQJOҥL

#ð #ð #ð #ð

3.4 .KLÿRÿLӋQiSĈӇSKpSÿRÿѭӧFFKtQK[iFÿLӋQWUӣFѫFҩX

ÿRVRYӟLÿLӋQWUӣWҧLSKҧL
D5ҩWQKӓ

E%ҵQJQKDX
F5ҩWOӟQ
G/ӟQKѫQ

#ð #ð #ð #ð

</div>
(42)<div class='page_container' data-page=42>

%͡P{Q&XQJ&̭SĈL͏Q Trang 45
a. Oátmét 1 pha;

b. OátPpWSKDSKҫQWӱ

c. Vônmét;

G2iWPpWSKDSKҫQWӱ

3.6 &{QJVXҩWPҥQJSKDGk\ÿѭӧFÿRWUӵFWLӃSEҵQJ
a. Oátmét 1 pha;

E2iWPpWSKDSKҫQWӱ
F2iWPpWSKDSKҫQWӱ
d. Ampemét.

#ð #ð #ð #ð

3.7 &{QJVXҩWPҥFKÿLӋQSKDGk\ÿѭӧFÿRJLiQWLӃSEҵQJ
a. Oátmét 3 pha;

b. 3 Oátmét 1 pha;

c. 2 Oátmét 1 pha;
d. Ampemét

#ð #ð #ð #ð

3.8 CôngVXҩWPҥFKÿLӋQSKDGk\ÿѭӧFÿRJLiQWLӃSEҵQJ
a. Oátmét 3 pha;

b. 3 Oátmét 1 pha;
c. 2 Oátmét 1 pha;
d. Ampemét.

#ð #ð #ð #ð

3.9 'QJ2iWPpWSKDÿӇ ÿRF{QJVXҩWPҥQJSKDNKL
a.0ҥQJSKDNK{QJFyGk\WUXQJWtQK

b.0ҥQJ SKD Fy Gk\ WUXQJ WtQK Yj SKө WҧL NK{QJ ÿӕL
[ӭQJ

c.0ҥQJSKDFySKөWҧLNK{QJÿӕL[ӭQJ
d.0ҥQJSKDWUXQJWKӃWUӣOrQ

#ð #ð #ð #ð

3.10. 'QJ2iWPpWSKDÿӇÿRF{QJVXҩWPҥQJSKD khi:
a.0ҥQJSKDNK{QJFyGk\WUXQJWtQK

b.0ҥQJ SKD Fy Gk\ WUXQJ WtQK Yj SKө WҧL NK{QJ ÿӕL
[ӭQJ

</div>
(43)<div class='page_container' data-page=43>

c.0ҥQJSKDFySKөWҧLNK{QJÿӕL[ӭQJ
d.0ҥQJSKDWUXQJWKӃWUӣOrQ

3.11 'QJ2iWPpWSKDÿӇÿRF{QJVXҩWSKDNKL
a.0ҥQJSKDNK{QJFyGky trung tính;

b.0ҥQJ SKD Fy Gk\ WUXQJ WtQK Yj SKө WҧL NK{QJ ÿӕL
[ӭQJ

c.0ҥQJSKDFyGk\WUXQJWtQKYjSKөWҧLÿӕL[ӭQJ
d.0ҥQJSKDWUXQJWKӃWUӣOrQ

#ð #ð #ð #ð

3.12 &{QJVXҩWPҥQJÿLӋQPӝWFKLӅXÿѭӧFÿRJLiQWLӃSEҵQJ
a. Oátmét DC.

b. Vônmét và Ampemét DC;
c. Oátmét 1 pha;

d.&{QJWѫÿLӋQ

#ð #ð #ð #ð

3.13 &{QJVXҩWPҥQJÿLӋQPӝWFKLӅXÿѭӧFÿRWUӵFWLӃSEҵQJ
a. Oátmét DC.

b. Vônmét và Ampemét DC;
c. Oátmét 1 pha;

d.'&&{QJWѫÿLӋQ

#ð #ð #ð #ð

3.14 &XӝQGk\GzQJÿLӋQWURQJ2iWPpWSKDÿѭӧFPҳF
a.1ӕLWLӃSYӟLWҧL

b. SoQJVRQJYӟLWҧL
c.6RQJVRQJYӟLQJXӗQ
d.1ӕLTXDWөE

#ð #ð #ð #ð

3.15 &XӝQGk\ÿLӋQiSWURQJ2iWPpWPӝWSKDÿѭӧFPҳF
a. 1ӕLWLӃSYӟLWҧL

b. 6RQJVRQJYӟLWҧL
c. 6RQJVRQJYӟLQJXӗQ
d. 1ӕLTXDWөE

#ð #ð #ð #ð

</div>
(44)<div class='page_container' data-page=44>

%͡P{Q&XQJ&̭SĈL͏Q Trang 47
a.&{QJVXҩW WiFGөQJ

b.&{QJVXҩWSKҧQNKiQJ
c.&{QJVXҩWELӇXNLӃQ
d.'XQJOѭӧQJFӫDWөE

3.17 &{QJWѫÿLӋQSKDGQJÿӇÿR

D&{QJVXҩWWLrXWKөFӫDKӝJLDÿuQK
EĈLӋQQăQJWLrXWKөFӫDKӝJLDÿuQK
F'zQJÿLӋQWLrXWKөFӫDKӝJLDÿuQK
GĈLӋQQăQJWLrXWKөPҥQJ'&

#ð #ð #ð #ð

3.18 &XӝQ Gk\ GzQJ ÿLӋQ Yj FXӝQ Gk\ ÿLӋQ iS WURQJ F{QJ Wѫ
SKDFyÿһFÿLӇP

a.&XӝQÿLӋQiSQKLӅXYzQJGk\QKӓ&XӝQGzQJÿLӋQtW
vòng, dây to;

b.&XӝQ ÿLӋQ iS tW YzQJ Gk\ WR &XӝQ GzQJ ÿLӋQ QKLӅX
YzQJGk\QKӓ

c.&XӝQ ÿLӋQ iS QKLӅX YzQJ Gk\ WR &XӝQ GzQJ ÿLӋQ tW
YzQJGk\QKӓ

d.&XӝQÿLӋQiStWYzQJGk\QKӓ&XӝQGzQJÿLӋQQKLӅX
vòng, dây to.

#ð #ð #ð #ð

3.19 .KLF{QJWѫÿLӋQNK{QJFyQDPFKkPYƭQKFӱXWKuKRҥWÿӝQJ

FӫDGƭDQK{PFyÿһFÿLӇP
a.4XD\FKұPKѫQ
b.4XD\QKDQKKѫQ
c. Không quay;

d.4XD\WKHRWҫQVӕQJXӗQ

#ð #ð #ð #ð

3.20 0ӝWF{QJWѫÿLӋQFyVӕYzQJTXD\FKRPӕL.:KOj.KL
KLӋX FKӍQK QӃX GQJ EyQJ ÿqQ : ӣ ÿ~QJ ÿLӋQ iS ÿӏQK
PӭFWKuWKӡLJLDQFKӍQKÿӏQKFKRPӝWYzQJTXD\Oj

a. 30 giây;
b. 45 giây;
c. 60 giây;

</div>
(45)<div class='page_container' data-page=45>

d. 75 giây.

3.21 0XӕQNLӇPWUDWӕFÿӝTXD\³QKDQK´KD\³FKұP´FӫDF{QJWѫ
1 pha. 1JRjLF{QJVXҩWWҧLWDFzQSKҧLFăQFӭYjR

D+ҵQJVӕPi\ÿӃPFӫDF{QJWѫ
EĈLӋQiSÿӏQKPӭFFӫDF{QJWѫ
F'zQJÿLӋQWҧLTXDF{QJWѫ
G7ҫQVӕÿLӋQiSQJXӗQ

#ð #ð #ð #ð

3.22 #ð #ð #ð #ð

3.23 0XӕQ ÿR GzQJ ÿLӋQ FKtQK [iF WKu ÿLӋQ WUӣ QӝL FӫD
$PSHPpWNӃVRYӟLÿLӋQWUӣSKөWҧLSKҧL

a. 1KӓKѫQQKLӅXOҫQ
b. /ӟQKѫQQKLӅXOҫQ
c. %ҵQJQKDX

d. .K{QJVRViQKÿѭӧF

#ð #ð #ð #ð

3.24 0i\ELӃQGzQJÿLӋQ%,FyF{QJGөQg:

a.%LӃQ GzQJ ÿLӋQ QKӓ WKjQK GzQJ ÿLӋQ OӟQ SK KӧS YӟL
F{QJVXҩWWҧL

b.%LӃQ GzQJ ÿLӋQ OӟQ WKjQK GzQJ ÿLӋQ QKӓ SK KӧS YӟL
GөQJFөÿRWLrXFKXҭQ

c.%LӃQÿLӋQiSQKӓWKjQKÿLӋQiSOӟQSKKӧSYӟLÿLӋQiS
FӫDWKLӃWEӏ

#ð #ð #ð #ð

Cho biӃt chӍsӕAmpemét và Vơnmét trong

mҥFKÿLӋn hình vӁ

A
A

B
C

</div>
(46)<div class='page_container' data-page=46>

%͡P{Q&XQJ&̭SĈL͏Q Trang 49
d.%LӃQÿLӋQiSOӟQWKjQKÿLӋQiSQKӓSKKӧSYӟLGөQJFө

ÿRWLrXFKXҭQ

3.25 0i\ELӃQGzQJÿLӋQVӱGөQJWURQJF{QJQJKLӋSOjORҥL:
a.%LӃQÿәLGzQJÿLӋQQKӓWKjQKGzQJÿLӋQOӟQ
b.%LӃQÿәLGzQJÿLӋQOӟQWKjQKGzQJÿLӋQQKӓ
c.&iFKO\GzQJÿLӋQFҫQÿRYӟLFѫFҩXÿR
d.%LӃQÿәLF{QJVXҩWSKҧQNKiQg.

</div>
(47)<div class='page_container' data-page=47>

&+ѬѪ1*,

V

Ĉ2&È&7+Ð1*6Ӕ&Ӫ$0Ҥ&+Ĉ,ӊ1

*LӟLWKLӋX

0XӕQOjPYLӋFYӟLPҥFKÿLӋQPӝWFiFKDQWRjQYjFyKLӋXTXҧWKuNKLWUӵFWLӃSOjP
YLӋFYӟLPҥFKÿLӋQQJѭӡLF{QJQKkQFҫQSKҧLQҳPU}FiFWK{QJVӕFӫDPҥFK0XӕQYұ\
QJѭӡLF{QJQKkQSKҧL VӱGөQJWKjQKWKҥRFiFGөQJFөÿRELӃWFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSÿRYjFiF
VѫÿӗÿӇÿRFiFWK{QJVӕFӫDPҥFKÿLӋQWURQJPӑLWUѭӡQJKӧSNӇFҧNKLNK{QJFyFiF
WKLӃWEӏÿRSKKӧSYӟLFiFÿҥLOѭӧQJFҫQÿR

4.1. ĈRÿLӋQWUӣ5.

4.1.1ĈRÿLӋQWUӣJLiQWLӃS

1JX\rQWҳF%LӃWÿѭӧFGzQJÿLӋQTXDÿLӋQWUӣFҫQÿR5XYjÿLӋQiSJLiQJWUrQQyWKu

WKHRÿӏQKOXұW{PVӁ[iFÿӏQKÿѭӧFÿLӋQWUӣÿy

I
U
Rx

D3KѭѫQJSKiSGQJY{QPpWYj$PSHPpW

-ĈRÿLӋQWUӣQKӓ+uQK4.1)

Ta có: I = Ix+ Iv

v
x

x
v
v

x
v

x R r

R
r
U
r
R
U
r
U
R

U

áá
ạ
Ã
ăă

â
Đ

1 1

V

IX

RX

IV

RV

A

U

I

</div>
(48)<div class='page_container' data-page=48>

v
x
x
v
r
R
U
I
O\LQiS8FKLDFKRYWDFy
x
v
v
x

v
x
v
x
R
r
r
R
r
R
r
R
I
U

&KLDWYjPXFDYSK,FKRUvta cú:

v
x
x
r
R
R
I
U

1
1

RxFjQJQKӓVRYӟLUv thì 1
1
1
|

v
x
r

R Nên Rx

I
U

| 1JKƭDOjVDLVӕFjQJQKӓ

.ӃWOXұQ6ѫÿӗ$PSHPpWYj9{Q PpWWKѭӡQJÿѭӧFGQJÿӇÿR FiFÿLӋQWUӣ5x

QKӓKѫQQKLӅXOҫQtWQKҩWOҫQVRYӟLÿLӋQWUӣWURQJUv FӫD9{QPpW

-ĈR ÿLӋQWUӣWUXQJEuQKYjWѭѫQJÿӕLOӟQ+uQK

3KkQWtFKWѭѫQJWӵQKѭWUrQWDFy
A
x r
R
I
U

1ӃX5xFjQJOӟQWKuҧQKKѭӣQJFӫDUAFjQJNK{QJÿiQJNӇ

.ӃWOXұQ6ѫÿӗ9{QPpWYj$PSHPpWWKѭӡQJÿѭӧFGQJÿӇÿR FiFÿLӋQWUӣ5xOӟQ

KѫQQKLӅXOҫQtWQKҩWOҫQVRYӟLÿLӋQWUӣWURQJUA FӫD$PSHPpW

EĈREҵQJFҫXÿѫQ:KHDVWRQH+uQK

V RX

A

U

I RA

</div>
(49)<div class='page_container' data-page=49>

ĈLӅXFKӍQKFiFELӃQWUӣ52, R3, R3 ÿӇNLPÿLӋQNӃFKӍNK{QJ7DQyLFҫXÿmFkQ

EҵQJ

UA= UB

Hay UAB NK{QJFyGzQJÿLӋQTXDQKiQK$%

UDA= UDB I2. R2= I1.R4 (4.1)

UAC = UBC I2RX= I1.R3 (4.2)

&KLDFKRWDÿѭӧF

3
4
2

R
R
R

R

X

3
4
2

R
R
R
Rx

k
R
R
4

2 WKѭӡQJÿѭӧFÿLӅXFKӍQKWKHRFiFWӹOӋELӃWWUѭӟFNKLÿRFKӍFҫQÿLӅXFKӍQK
R37X\QKLrQNKLÿmÿLӅXFKӍQK53 UӗLPjFҫXÿRYүQNK{QJFkQEҵQJWKuWDSKҧLFKӑQ

OҥLWӹVӕ

4
2
R

R UӗLÿLӅXFKӍQK5

3FKRFҫXFkQEҵQJ

3KѭѫQJSKiSQj\ÿRFKtQK[iFQKѭQJFҩXWҥRSKӭFWҥSJLiWKjQKÿҳW
ĈRÿLӋQWUӣWUӵFWLӃS

7KLӃWEӏGQJÿӇÿRÿLӋQWUӣWUӵFWLӃSJӑLOj{PPpW
.êKLӋX

DĈREҵQJ{PPpW

-ĈҩXQӕLWLӃS+uQK

$%&'/jÿӍnh cӫa cҫXÿR

AD, DB, BC, CA: là 4 nhánh cӫa cҫXÿR

Rx/jÿLӋn trӣcҫQÿR

R2, R3, R3: là các biӃn trӣmүu

R4
D

Unguӗn

K B

R2
A

I1
G
RX

Hình 4.3: Cҫu Wheastone

</div>
(50)<div class='page_container' data-page=50>

.KLÿRGzQJÿLӋQ TXDFѫFҩXÿRVӁOj

m
X

P R R

R
U
I

1ӃXJLӳ8Yj5P NK{QJÿәLWKuGzQJÿLӋQ,VӁSKөWKXӝFYjRJLiWUӏFӫDÿLӋQWUӣ5X,

WӯÿyJyFOӋFKFӫDNLPOjD VӁSKөWKXӝFYjRJLiWUӏFӫDÿLӋQWUӣFҫQÿR7UrQWKDQJÿR
QJѭӡLWDJKLWUӵFWLӃSWUӏVӕFӫDÿLӋQWUӣ

ĈLӋQWUӣ5PÿѭӧFFKӑQVDRFKRNKLҩQ15X 7ӭFOj,m PD[GzQJFӵFÿҥL

TXDFѫFҩXWKuNLPFӫD{PPpWTXD\KӃWPһWFKLDÿӝYjNKLKӣPҥFKWKu5X=f7ӭFOj

Im NK{QJFyGzQJTXDFѫFҩXWKuNLPÿӭQJ \rQ1KѭYұ\ ӣ{PPpW PһWFKLD ÿӝ

QJѭӧFYӟLFKLӅXTXD\FӫDNLP

7URQJTXiWUuQKGQJ{PPpWÿRÿLӋQWUӣÿLӋQiSFӫDSLQ8QJXӗQVӁJLҧPGҫQOjP

NӃWTXҧÿRNpPFKtQK[iF9uYұ\WUѭӟFPӛLOҫQÿRSKҧLҩQQ~W1[XӕQJÿӇFKӍQKNLP
ÿ~QJYӏWUtNK{QJVDXÿyPӟLEҳWÿҫXÿR

- ĈҩXsong song:

ĈLӋQ WUӣFҫQÿRÿѭӧFÿҩXVRQJVRQJYӟLFѫFҩXÿR+uQK

/jORҥLGөQJFөÿRWURQJÿy5xÿѭӧFPҳFVRQJVRQJYӟLFѫFҩXÿRQKѭKuQKYӁWUrQ

Unguӗn Rp

+uQKĈRÿLӋn trӣtrӵc tiӃp

&&ѫFҩXÿRNLӇu tӯ ÿLӋn

RmĈLӋn trӣtrong cӫDFѫFҩX.K{QJÿәi)

UnguӗnĈLӋn áp nguӗn mӝt chiӅu (Pin)

Unguӗn

RX
Rp

C Rm

Im IX

I
RM

</div>
(51)<div class='page_container' data-page=51>

ѬXÿLӇPFӫD{PPpWORҥLQj\OjFyWKӇÿRÿѭӧFÿLӋQWUӣWѭѫQJÿӕLQKӓYjÿLӋQWUӣ
WURQJFӫD{m mét R:QKӓNKLGzQJÿLӋQWӯQJXӗQFXQJFҩSNK{QJOӟQOҳP'Rÿy5xPҳF

VRQJVRQJYӟLFѫFҩXÿRQrQNKL5x=f FKѭDFy5xGzQJÿLӋQTXDFѫFҩXÿROjOӟQQKҩW

YӟL5x GzQJÿLӋQTXDFѫFҩXÿROjJҫQEҵQJNK{QJ7KDQJÿRÿѭӧFNKҳFÿӝJLӕQJQKѭ

Vôn mét.

ĈLӅX FKӍQK WKDQJ ÿR FӫD {PPpW WURQJ WUѭӡQJ KӧS QJXӗQ FXQJ FҩS WKD\ ÿәL FǊQJ
GQJPӝWELӃQWUӣ5M YjÿLӅXFKӍQKӭQJYӟL5x = f;iFÿӏQK5M FǊQJJLӕQJQKѭVѫÿӗ

{PPpWPҳFQӕLWLӃS

EĈREҵQJ0rJ{PpW

0rJ{PpWOjGөQJFөÿRÿLӋQWUӣOӟQPj{PPpWNK{QJÿRÿѭӧF

Mêgômét WKѭӡQJGQJÿRÿLӋQWUӣFiFKÿLӋQFӫDPi\ÿLӋQNKtFөÿLӋQFXӝQGk\
Pi\ÿLӋQ

.êKLӋX

-&ҩXWҥR+uQK

M::

RX
RP

I1

I2 N S

M2 M1

+

-1 2

M::

</div>
(52)<div class='page_container' data-page=52>

*ӗPWӹVӕNӃWӯ ÿLӋQ YjPDQKrW{NLӇXWD\TXD\GQJOjPQJXӗQÿӇÿR

3KҫQÿӝQJJӗPFyNKXQJGk\YjÿһWOӋFKQKDX0TXҩQQJѭӧFFKLӅXQKDX
NK{QJFyOz[RÿӕLNKiQJ.KHKӣJLӳDQDPFKkPYjO}LWKpSNK{QJÿӅXQKҵPWҥRQrQ
PӝWWӯWUѭӡQJNK{QJÿӅX

1JXӗQÿLӋQFXQJFҩSFKRFXӝQGk\OjPӝWPi\SKiWÿLӋQPӝWFKLӅXTXD\WD\Fy
ÿLӋQiSWӯy1000)V

ĈLӋQWUӣFҫQÿR5XÿѭӧF PҳFQӕLWLӃSYӟLFXӝQGk\

ĈLӋQWUӣSKө5PÿѭӧF PҳFQӕLWLӃSYӟLFXӝQGk\

- Nguyên lý:

.KLÿRWDTXD\Pi\SKiWÿLӋQYӟLWӕFÿӝÿӅXNKRҧQJyYzQJSK~W6ӭFÿLӋQ
ÿӝQJFӫDPi\SKiWÿLӋQVӁWҥRUDKDLGzQJÿLӋQ,1 và I2 WURQJFXӝQGk\QJKƭDOj[XҩW

KLӋQP{PHQTXD\01và M2QJѭӧFFKLӅXQKDX1KѭYұ\NLPVӁTXD\WKHRKLӋXVӕFӫD

P{PHQYjFKӍGӯQJOҥLNKL01 =M2

9uP{PHQTXD\WӹOӋYӟLGzQJÿLӋQQrQWDFy

M1= K1.I1 và M2= K2.I2

'RÿyNKLNLPFkQEҵQJWKu

K1.I1= K2.I2 KRһF

1
2
2
1
K
K
I
I
'RWӯWUѭӡQJSKkQEӕNK{QJÿӅXWURQJNKHKӣNK{QJNKtQrQWӹVӕ

1
2
K
K SKөWKXӝF

YjRYӏWUtFiFFXӝQGk\QJKƭDOjSKөWKXӝFYjRJyFTXD\DFӫDNLP

x
f
K
K
I
I
1
2
2
1

0һWNKiFFiFGzQJÿLӋQ,1 và I2EҵQJ

X
R
r
U
I

1
1
P
R

r
U
I

2
2

Nên: ( )

1
2
2

1 f x

R
r
R
r
I
I
X
P

1JKƭDOjJyFTXD\DFӫDNLPSKөWKXӝFYjR5X(vì r1, r2và RpÿӅXNK{QJÿәL

7UrQWKDQJÿRFӫD0rJ{PpWQJѭӡLWDJKLWUӵFWLӃSWUӏVӕÿLӋQWUӣN:, M:WѭѫQJӭQJ
YӟLFiFJyFTXD\FӫDNLP

</div>
(53)<div class='page_container' data-page=53>

- 9uNK{QJFyOz[RFkQE̹QJQrQNKLNK{QJÿRNLPVͧͅP͡WY͓WUtḘWNǤWUrQ

P̿WV͙

- .K{QJQrQFK̩PYjRÿ̯XUDFͯDGk\ÿ͋WUiQKE͓ÿL͏QJL̵WNKLTXD\

FĈRÿLӋQWUӣÿҩWEҵQJFҫXÿR0&-07:

'ӵDWUrQQJX\rQWҳFFӫDWӹVyNӃWӯÿLӋQÿӇFKӃWҥRFҫXÿR0&-Ĉk\OjGөQJ
FөÿRÿLӋQWUӣWLӃSÿҩW5WÿÿӑFWKҷQJYjFyWrQJӑLOj7êrơmét.

-&ҩXWҥR

&ҩX WҥRFӫD0&-07 (Hình 4.7)

*ӗP

Khung dây K1và K2.

0i\SKiWÿLӋQPӝWFKLӅX

%LӃQWUӣSKө5P OӟQKѫQU1,r2 (r1, r2 OjÿLӋQWUӣFӫDFiFFXӝQGk\.1, K2) và

RWÿUҩWQKLӅX

&ӵF;QӕLFӑFFҫQÿR5Wÿ.

&ӵF8OjFӵFiSQӕLYӟLFӑFSKөFiFKFӑFFҫQÿR5WÿPӝWNKRҧQJP

&ӑF,OjFӵFGzQJQӕLYӟLFӑFSKөFiFKFӑF8PӝWNKRҧQJP

- Nguyên lý:

1ӕLFiFFӵF;8,FӫDFҫXÿRWKHRVѫÿӗWUrQ
4XD\Pi\SKiWÿӇFXQJFҩS,1cho K1

I1WӟL;FKLDWKjQKWKjQKSKҫQ

,
1
I và I2

20 m
20 m

X U I

I2

,¶1
I1

I1

RP

F

r1, K1

r2, K2

</div>
(54)<div class='page_container' data-page=54>

I [XӕQJÿLӋQWUӣWLӃSÿҩW5Wÿ.)
I2ÿӃQFXӝQGk\.2.

Do RpOӟQKѫQ5Wÿvà rUnên I2 QKӓKѫQUҩWQKLӅXI1'
'
1
I | I
và ru+ Rp+ r2 | Rp

7UrQVѫÿӗ5Wÿ (ru+ Rp+ r2) nên: I1'.RWÿ= I2.(ru+ Rp+ r2)
'

1
I

.RWÿ= I2.RP

td
P

R
R

I
I

1
'

2
1
'
I
I
K

hay

td
P

R
R
K

Khi RP KҵQJVӕWKuDFKӍFzQSKөWKXӝF RWÿ9ұ\ELӃWD WD[iFÿӏQKÿѭӧF5Wÿ FҫQ

ÿR

7KHRVѫÿӗWUrQFӫD0&-QKұQWKҩ\GzQJÿLӋQTXDÿҩWOjGzQJPӝWFKLӅXVӁJk\
UDKLӋQWѭӧQJÿLӋQSKkQGXQJGӏFKÿLӋQSKkQWURQJÿҩWOjPFKR5WÿEӏELӃQÿәLGүQÿӃQ

NӃWTXҧÿR5WÿFyVDLVӕOӟQĈӇNKҳFSKөFÿLӅXQj\QJѭӡLWDGQJWKrPYjQKJySÿLӋQ
cho MC-ÿӇELӃQGzQJÿLӋQTXDFiFFӑFWLӃSÿҩWOjGzQJ[RD\FKLӅXFzQGzQJTXD0&

-YүQOjGzQJPӝWFKLӅX
7DFyVѫÿӗQKѭVDX

20m
20m

I

F

X

r1,K1

r2,K2

U RP

9jQKJySÿLӋn

</div>
(55)<div class='page_container' data-page=55>

4.2. ĈRÿLӋQFҧPL:

.KiLQLӋP

&XӝQFҧPOêWѭӣQJOjFXӝQ Gk\FKӍFyWKjQKSKҫQÿLӋQNKiQJ;L=Z/KRһFFKӍOj

WKXҫQ NKLӃW Oj ÿLӋQ FҧP / QKѭQJ WURQJ WKӵF WӃ FiF FXӝQ Gk\ QJRjL WKjQK SKҫQ ÿLӋQ

kháng XLFzQFyÿLӋQWUӣFӫDFXӝQGk\5LĈLӋQWUӣ5LFjQJOӟQÿӝSKҭPFKҩWFӫDFXӝQ

Gk\FjQJNpP1ӃXJӑL4OjÿӝSKҭPFKҩWFXӝQGk\WKu4ÿѭӧFÿһFWUѭQJEӣLWӹVӕJLӳD
ÿLӋQNKiQJ;L YjÿLӋQWUӣFӫDFXӝQGk\ÿy

L
L

R
X
Q

6ѫÿӗ9{QPpW$PSHPpW
0ҥFKÿRÿѭӧFPҳFQKѭKuQK

7әQJWUӣFӫDFXӝQGk\ÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQK

2
2

)

( XY

X L

R
I
U

Z

L2XZ
2

= Z2.R2x

L2x 12 (Z2 R2X)

1 2 2

X

x Z R

L

ĈLӋQWUӣ5XÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQKWUѭӟF

+ӋVӕSKҭPFKҩW

L
L

R
X

Q WKD\VӕYjRQ

6ѫÿӗ9{QPpW$PSHPpWYj2iWPpW+uQK

V

LX

RX

U

A

+uQKĈRÿLӋn cҧm bҵng Vônmét và Ampemét.

*

A W

LX

RX

U V

A * W

</div>
(56)<div class='page_container' data-page=56>

7UѭӡQJKӧSPҥFKÿRGQJ WKrP2iWPpWÿLӋQWUӣ5XFӫDFXӝQGk\ÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQK

EӣLELӇXWKӭFVDX
2
I
P
Rx
7әQJWUӣFӫDFXӝQGk\
2
2
)
( XY

X L

R
I

U

Z Z2= R2X+ (LXZ)2 L2xY2= Z2.R2X

2
2
2
Y
X
x
R
Z
L 4
2
2
2
1
I
P
I
U

Y
4X\ÿӗQJPүXVӕWDFy

4
2
2
2

1
I
P
I
U
Lx
Y
2
2
2
2
.
1
P
I
U
I
Y
3&{QJVXҩWWLrXKDRFӫDFXӝQGk\ÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQKEҵQJ2iWPpW
8ĈӑFÿѭӧFWUrQ9{QPpW
,ĈӑFÿѭӧFWUrQ$PSHPpW
+ӋVӕSKҭPFKҩW
L
L
R
X

Q WKD\VӕYjR Q

ĈRÿLӋQFҧPEҵQJFҫXÿRÿѫQJLҧQ

0ҥFKÿRÿѭӧFPҳFQKѭKuQK
A
R2
G
LX
R1
L1
D
K
B
C

I2 I1

U~

Hình 4.11: CҫXÿR/xÿѫQJLҧn

L1: Cuӝn dây mүXWKD\ÿәLÿѭӧc trӏsӕ)

</div>
(57)<div class='page_container' data-page=57>

ĈLӅXFKӍQK51, R2 và L1ÿӇFҫXFkQEҵQJ

.KLFҫXFkQEҵQJWDFy

L1R1= LXR2 1

2
1 L

R
R
Lx

4.3. ĈRÿLӋQGXQJC:

4.3.1. KháiQLӋPYӅÿLӋQGXQJYjJyFWәQKDR

7өÿLӋQOêWѭӣQJOjWөÿLӋQNK{QJWLrXWKөF{QJVXҩWGzQJÿLӋQPӝWFKLӅXNK{QJÿL
TXDWөQKѭQJWURQJWKѭFWӃGRFyOӟSÿLӋQP{LQrQYүQFyGzQJÿLӋQQKӓÿLTXDWӯFӵF
Qj\ÿӃQFӵFNLD9uYұ\WURQJWөFyVӵWәQKDRF{QJVXҩW

6ӵ WәQ KDR F{QJ VXҩW Qj\ UҩW QKӓ Yj ÿӇ ÿiQK JLi Vӵ WәQ KDR FӫD Wө ÿLӋQ QJѭӡL WD
WKѭӡQJÿRJyFWәQKDRWJG).

7өÿLӋQÿѭӧFELӇXGLӉQGѭӟLGҥQJPӝWWөOêWѭӣQJQӕLWLӃSYӟLPӝWÿLӋQWUӣ7өÿLӋQ
WәQKDRtWKRһFQӕLVRQJVRQJYӟLPӝWÿLӋQWUӣ7өÿLӋQ WәQKDRQKLӅX

9ӟL7өÿLӋQFyWәQKDRQKӓGӵDYjRJLҧQÿӗYpFWѫWD[iFÿӏQKJyFWәQKDRQKѭVDX

UR= IR ;

C
UC

.
1

C
I
IR
U

U
tg

C
R

G tgG = R.Z.C (4.3.1a)

GOjJyFWәQKDRFӫD7өÿLӋQ
9ӟL7өÿLӋQWәQKDRQKLӅXWDFy

R
U

IR ; IC= UZC.
U

UC UR

C R

I

UC

UR
U
I

G
M

U

C
R
IC

I
IR

I

IR

U

IC

M
G

a. Tө ÿLӋn có tәn hao nhӓ b. Tө ÿLӋn có tәn hao lӟn

</div>
(58)<div class='page_container' data-page=58>

C

U
R
I

I
tg

C
R

C
R
tg

.
.

G (4.3.1b)

6ѫÿӗ9{QPpW$PSHPpW
0ҥFKÿRÿѭӧFPҳFQKѭVDX

1ӃXVӵWәQKDRF{QJVXҩWFӫDÿLӋQP{LWөÿLӋQNK{QJÿiQJNӇWKuWәQJWUӣFӫDWө
ÿLӋQ&X ÿѭӧF[iFÿӏQKEӣL9{QPpWYj$PSHPpWQKѭVDX

Z
X

C
I
U

Z 1

U
I

Cx (4.3.2)

1JXӗQWtQKLӋXFXQJFҩSFKRPҥFKÿROjQJXӗQWtQKLӋXKuQKVLQFyELrQÿӝYjWҫQ

VӕNK{QJÿәL

6ѫÿӗ9{QPpW$PSHPpt và Oátmét :

0ҥFKÿRÿѭӧFPҳFQKѭVDX

7UѭӡQJ KӧS PҥFKÿR GQJWKrP :DWPHWÿLӋQWUӣUz 5X FӫDWөÿLӋn CX ÿѭӧF[iF

ÿӏQKEӣLELӇXWKӭFVDX

2
I

P

Rx (4.3.3)

U V

A

CX

+uQK6ѫÿӗVônmét, Ampemét

U V

W
*

</div>
(59)<div class='page_container' data-page=59>

7әQJWUӣFӫDWөÿLӋQ
2
2
)
1
(
Z
X
x
C
R
I
U

Z 2 2 2

)
(
1
.
Z

X
x
C
R
Z

x
x
R
Z
C
2
2
2
2 1

Z

2
2
1
x
x
R
Z
C
Z 2
2
2

2
)
(
1
I
P
I
U

Z 4
2
2
2
1
I
P
I
U

Z
)
(
1
1
2
2
2
4 U I P
I

Z 2 2 2 2

1
1
P
I
U
I

Z 2 2 2

2
P
I
U
I

Z

Thay Rx, Cxvà ZYjRF{QJWKӭF(4.3.1b)

C
R
tg
.
.
1
Z

G (GJyFWәQKDRFӫDWөÿLӋQ

6ӵKDRPҩWF{QJVXҩWGRÿLӋQP{LFӫDWөFKREӣLF{QJWKӭF P = U.I.cosM

3KѭѫQJSKiSGQJ2iWPpWNK{QJFKtQK[iFNKL[iFÿӏQKÿLӋQGXQJFӫDQKӳQJWө
ÿLӋQ Fy JyF WәQ KDRG QKӓ ĈӇ ÿR QKӳQJ Wө ÿLӋQ Fy JyF WәQ KDRG QKӓ QJѭӡL WD GQJ
SKѭѫQJSKiSFҫXÿR
ĈRÿLӋQGXQJFӫDWөEҵQJFҫXÿRÿѫQJLҧQ
0ҥFKÿRÿѭӧFPҳFQKѭKuQK
A
R2
G
CX
R1
C1
D
K B
C
I2

I2 I1

I1

U

+uQK&ҫXÿRÿѫQJLҧQ

C1: Tө ÿLӋn mүXWKD\ÿәLÿѭӧc trӏsӕ).

CX: Tө ÿLӋn cҫQÿR

</div>
(60)<div class='page_container' data-page=60>

1JX\rQOêĈLӅXFKӍQK51, R2và C1ÿӇFҫXFkQEҵQJ

.KLFҫXFkQEҵQJWDFy

C1R1= CXR2 1

2
1 C
R
R
Cx

7+Ӵ&+¬1+Ĉ2&È&7+Ð1*6Ӕ&Ӫ$0Ҥ&+Ĉ,ӊ15/9¬&
ĈRÿLӋQWUӣ7UuQKWӵWKӵFKLӋQQKѭVDX

%ѭӟF: .KҧRViWPi\ÿR.

4XDQViWNӃWFҩXQJRjLFӫDPi\ÿR[iFÿӏQKFiFWKDQJÿRYҥFKÿӑF
9ӁOҥLNӃWFҩXQJRjLYӟLÿҫ\ÿӫFK~WKtFK

7KX\ӃWPLQKWKXJӑQFiFKÿӑFVӕÿRӭQJYӟLWӯQJWKDQJÿRYҥFKÿӑFFөWKӇ

%ѭӟF7LӃQKjQKÿR

/ҳSFiFÿLӋQWUӣOrQEҧQJWKӵFWұSQKѭKuQK
&KXҭQEӏPi\ÿRÿӇÿRÿLӋQWUӣ

ĈRYjÿӑFJLiWUӏFӫDWӯQJÿLӋQWUӣ
ĈRWҥLFiFÿLӇPD-b; c-d ; e-f ; ...

*KLNӃWTXҧYjREҧQJ
ĈRÿLӋQWUӣPҳFVRQJVRQJ

1ӕLWҳWE-d, a-FÿӇWҥRÿLӋQWUӣPҳFVRQJVRQJQKѭKuQK
ĈRWҥLFiFÿLӇPÿmQӕLWҳW

*KLNӃWTXҧYjREҧQJ
ĈRÿLӋQWUӣPҳFQӕLWLӃS

+ӣPҥFKWҥLD-c; e-JÿӇWҥRÿLӋQWUӣPҳFQӕLWLӃSQKѭKuQK
ĈRWҥLFiFÿLӇPYӯDKӣPҥFK

+ GKLNӃWTXҧYjREҧQJ

ĈRQKLӅXÿLӋQWUӣPҳFQӕLWLӃSPҳFVRQJVRQJ

7KӵFKLӋQWѭѫQJWӵQKѭEѭӟFYjEѭӟFQKѭQJVӕÿLӋQWUӣQӕLWLӃSKRһFVRQJ

song là 3, 4...

.ӃWTXҧJKLYjREҧQJ

1KұQ[pWNӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋP

ĈӕLFKLӃXNӃWTXҧWKӵFQJKLӋPYjOêWKX\ӃWFKRQKұQ[pWYӅVDLVӕFӫDSKpSÿR
&KRELӃWFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSOjPKҥQFKӃVDLVӕ

</div>
(61)<div class='page_container' data-page=61>

%ҧQJ

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R8 R10 R11 R12

%ҧQJ

R1// R2 R3//R4 R5//R6 R7//R8 R9//R10 R11//R12

%ҧQJ

R1+R2 R3+R4 R5+R6 R7=R8 R9+R10 R11+R12

%QJ

R1+R2+R3 ... .... R1+...

R1//R2//R3 .... ... R1//...

&ặ8+,9ơ%ơ,73

$&kXKLWUFQJKLPNKiFKTXDQ

&kXKL\rXFXWUOLQKDQK

FNFiFFkXKLFKQYjW{HQFkXờ~QJQKWYjR{FWWQJQJ0L

cõuFKFyPWờ~QJ

TT 1ӝLGXQJFkXKӓL a b c d

</div>
(62)<div class='page_container' data-page=62>

a. 0ҥFKÿDQJPDQJÿLӋQ

b. 0̩FKÿmÿ˱ͫFF̷WQJX͛Q

c. 0ҥFKÿDQJOjPYLӋF

d. 0ҥFKÿmÿѭӧFFҳWSKD

4.2. KhiÿRÿLӋQWUӣJyFTXD\FӫDNLPFjQJOӟQWKuNӃWOXұQ

a. ĈLӋQWUӣUҩWOӟQ

b. ĈLӋQWUӣFjQJOӟQ

c. ĈL͏QWUͧFjQJQK͗

d. 7XǤORҥLPi\ÿR

#ð #ð ӫ #ð

4.3 .KLÿRÿLӋQWUӣEҵQJPi\ÿRFKӍWKӏNLPWUӏVӕSKҧLÿѭӧF
ÿӑFWӯ

a. 3KҧLTXDWUiL

b. 7UiLTXDSKҧL

c. *LӳDUDELrQ

d. 7̩LY͓WUtNLPGͳQJO̩L

#ð #ð #ð ӫ

4.4 0XӕQ NLӇP WUD FKҥP PiW FKҥP Yӓ FiF WKLӃW Eӏ ÿLӋQ
GQJÿӗQJKӗÿRÿLӋQWUӣÿһWӣWKDQJÿR

a. ;KRһF;.

b. ;KR̿F;

c. ;KRһF;.

d. ;.KRһF.

</div>
(63)<div class='page_container' data-page=63>

4.5 .KL ÿLӋQ WUӣ FҫQ ÿR Fy JLi WUӏ OӟQ ÿӗQJ Kӗ 920 ÿӇ ӣ
WKDQJÿRTXiQKӓWKuNLP VӁFKӍ:

D4XD\QKLӅXYѭӧWNKӓLWKDQJÿR
E.LPGDRÿӝQJTXDQKYӏWUt:;

F.LPTXD\ṶWtWJ̯QQK˱FK͑ͧY{FQJ

GĈӑFEuQKWKѭӡQJUҩWFKtQK[iF

#ð #ð ӫ #ð

4.6 ĈӗQJKӗYҥQQăQJGQJÿӇÿR:

D ĈLӋQ WUӣ ĈLӋQ iS PӝW FKLӅX [RD\ FKLӅX 'zQJ ÿLӋQ
PӝWFKLӅX[RD\FKLӅX

EĈLӋQWUӣĈLӋQiS[RD\FKLӅXYjGzQJÿLӋQPӝWFKLӅX
FĈLӋQWUӣ ĈLӋQiS PӝWFKLӅX[RD\FKLӅXYjGzQJÿLӋQ
[RD\FKLӅX

GĈL͏QWUͧĈL͏QiSP͡WFKL͉X[RD\FKL͉XYjGzQJÿL͏Q
P͡WFKL͉X

#ð #ð #ð ӫ

4.7 1JXӗQ SLQ ErQ WURQJ Pi\ ÿR YҥQ QăQJ 920 Vӱ GөQJ
PҥFKÿR

a.ĈLӋQiS[RD\FKLӅX

b.'zQJÿLӋQ'&

c.ĈL͏QWUͧ

d.7ҩWFҧFiFFKӭFQăQJ

#ð #ð ӫ #ð

4.8 7URQJPi\ÿRYҥQQăQJ920FyVӱGөQJELӃQWUӣ ÿLӅX

FKӍQK::OjQKҵPPөFÿtFK

D+LӋXFKӍQKOҥLSKҫQFѫNKtFӫDFѫFҩXÿR

b.+L͏XFK͑QKQJX͛Q FXQJF̭SFKRP͟LP̩FKÿR

</div>
(64)<div class='page_container' data-page=64>

F7ăQJÿLӋQWUӣQӝLFӫDPi\ÿR
G*LҧPVDLVӕFiQKkQ

4.9 'QJPi\ÿR920ÿӇÿRÿLӋQÿLӋQWUӣÿһWӣWKDQJÿR
WKҩSÿLӅXFKӍQKNLPFKӍ::NKLFKX\ӇQVDQJWKDQJÿROӟQ
KѫQNLPNK{QJFzQӣYӏWUtFǊOjGR

a. NJXӗQSLQEӏ\ӃXQKLӅX
E%LӃQWUӣÿLӅXFKӍQKEӏKӓQJ

c.1͡LWUͧFͯDP͟LWKDQJÿRNKiFQKDX

GĈLӋQWUӣTXHÿRFyJLiWUӏkP

#ð #ð ӫ #ð

4.10. .KLFKӑQ0rJ{PPHWÿӇÿRÿLӋQWUӣFiFKÿLӋQFăQFӭYjR:
a.7ӕFÿӝTXD\FӫDPDQKrW{

b.ĈL͏QiSÿ͓QKPͱFFͯDWKL͇WE͓

c.&KҩWOѭӧQJFӫDYӓWKLӃWEӏ

d.*LӟLKҥQÿRFӫDPi\

#ð ӫ #ð #ð

4.11 6ӕFKӍFӫD0rJ{PPpWFKӍFKtQK[iFNKL

a.4XD\PDQKHWRWKұWÿӅXWD\

b.4XD\PDQKHWRÿӃQÿӫÿLӋQiS

c..LP͝Qÿ͓QKNK{QJFzQGDRÿ͡QJ

d.ĈqQEiRViQJOrQ

#ð #ð ӫ #ð

4.12 .KLFKѭDTXD\PDQKHWRNLPFӫD0rJ{PHWQҵPӣYӏWUt

a./ӋFKYӅErQSKҧL

</div>
(65)<div class='page_container' data-page=65>

b.1ҵPKҷQYӅErQSKҧLPһWVӕ

c.1ҵPErQWUiLPһWVӕ

</div>

Giáo trình đo lường điện - Phần 1

<b>&+1*,</b>

<b>,&192/1,1</b>

<b>&+ѬѪ1*,,</b>

<b>0Ӝ76Ӕ&Ѫ&Ҩ8Ĉ2&+ӌ7+ӎ.,0</b>

D

D

³

³

<b>&+ѬѪ1*,,,</b>

<b>Ĉ2&È&ĈҤ,/ѬӦ1*Ĉ,ӊ1&Ѫ%Ҧ1</b>

<i>P</i>

<i>I</i>

<i>R</i>

<b>&+ѬѪ1*,</b>

<b>V</b>

Tài liệu liên quan

Tài liệu bạn tìm kiếm đã sẵn sàng tải về

Giáo trình đo lường điện - Phần 1

<b>&+1*,</b>

<b>,&1*92/1*,1</b>

<b>&+ѬѪ1*,,</b>

<b>0Ӝ76Ӕ&Ѫ&Ҩ8Ĉ2&+ӌ7+ӎ.,0</b>

D

D

³

³

<b>&+ѬѪ1*,,,</b>

<b>Ĉ2&È&ĈҤ,/ѬӦ1*Ĉ,ӊ1&Ѫ%Ҧ1</b>

<i>P</i>

<i>I</i>

<i>R</i>

<b>&+ѬѪ1*,</b>

<b>V</b>

Tài liệu liên quan

Tài liệu bạn tìm kiếm đã sẵn sàng tải về

<b>,&192/1,1</b>