Ngõ ngách trong lòng Hà Nội sự lựa chọn của nhiều thành phần dân cư

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<b>trong long Ha Npi </b>

<b>sir LUA CHON CUA NHIEU THANH PHAN DAN CU' </b>

<b>NGUYEN MINH DU^C I </b>

<b>Ngo, ngach trong cac dd </b>
<i><b>thj ndi chung va 8 Ha Ndi </b></i>
<b>ndi rieng dang can nhCfng </b>
<b>chinh sach quan ly thich </b>
<b>hdp, nham cai thien dien </b>
<b>mao kien true va chat </b>
<b>lUdng mdi trUdng song </b>
<b>eua eU dan ndi day. Ngd, </b>
<b>ngach la mot thanh phan </b>
<b>ludn gan bd hUu ed vdi dd </b>
<b>thj, ddng thdi cung la mot </b>
<b>phan tao nen cdt each </b>
<b>rieng eho Ha Ndi hdm qua </b>
<b>va hdm nay. </b>

V

iet Nam bUdc vao thdi ky md cQa vdi tdc dp dd thj hda qua
nhanh da tao nen dien mao mdi cho eac dd thj tren toan
qud'c ndi chung va Ha Ndi ndi rieng, Quy dat khdng ddi,
dan sd tang da tac ddng Idn din tinh hinh kinh te, xa hdi
cija mdi dja phuong. Van d i dan sd va nha d la hai van d i
lien quan mat thie't vdi nhau trong qua trinh dd thj hoa. Dan sd phat trien
khdng ddn giln ehi la v i sd lupng, ma cdn la chat lupng cudc sdng va ldi
ich vat chat eua hp. Do dd, nhiiu van de xa hdi da nly sinh trong dd thj
hien nay, xuat phat khdng chi tu viec tang quy md dan sd, ma cdn do viee
phan bddan eUgay nen.

Ngd va ngach trong cac lang ndi thanh Ha Ndi dang la sU lya ehpn, la nPi
sinh sd'ng eua nhieu thanh phan dan cU dd thj. Mdi trUdng sdng nPi day
dang dQng trUde nhQng ddi hdi cap bach d n phai dUpc giai quyet, bdi ngo
ngach la mpt thanh phan ludn tdn tai cung dd thi, dac biet la trong qua trinh
ddthj hoa hien nay.

Cau true dd thj Ha Npi trong lich sQ da cd sy Idng ghep giQa lang va phd.
Hien nay nhiiu ten phudng. ten dudng phd Idn van giQ ten cua nhOng ngdi
lang cd: phudng Gilng Vd - lang Gilng V6 - dudng Giang V6, phudng
Cdng Vj - lang Cdng Vi. phudng Thd Quan - lang Thd Quan. phudng
PhQPng Mai - lang Phuong Mai. phudng Tuong Mai - lang TUPng Mai,
phQdng Ngpc Ha - lang Ngpc Ha... NhQng ten lang cd van dang va tiip tuc
hien dien tren ban dd Ha Npi, Day cung la nhung khdng gian chua dUng

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Nha cUa luy thich tho thut, co le v'l the ma nhieu ngUdi chon nOi day de song?!
<b>Anh trong bai: Cao Anh </b>

nhQng dau an van hda vat the va phi vat
the, mang ve dep cua mdt dd thi nghin nam
tudi blng sQ hien hQu cua cac di tich kiin
trtJc, cac khdng gian tam linh, cae nghi cd
truyin va cac gia tri van hda khac,
Tuy nhien, trong thdi gian qua, kien true
va quy hoach cua cac ngo. ngach trong
Idng Ha Noi hau nhu chua dUpc quan
tam. Cd le bdi cac con phd. tuyen dUdng,
khu phd mdi - bd mat cija dd thi - dang
cd nhiiu van d i can phai giai quyet hon,
Ngd, ngach la bd mat phia sau eua cae

dudng phd, bi che khuat bdi cae ngdi nha
mat dudng. cho nen chung chUa dupe
quan tam thoa dang. Chinh vi vay, day la
khu vyc ma nhQng khdng gian kien true
<i>dupe xay dung "tuy cO ung bien". khiin </i>
<i>nhieu noi "ngij'a mat chang thay trdi dau". </i>
do ngUdi dan tuy tien coi ndi them dien
tich sQ dung, Ngo, ngach Ha Npi ngay
cang phat trien, cang di cang thay sau.
cang thay ngolt ngoeo. la mot trong
nhQng nguyen nhan tao dieu kien cho cac
te nan xa hpi tim den.

Hien nay. cd le khd cd the thdng ke dupe
Ha Ndi hien cd bao nhieu ngo. bao nhieu
ngach. Tu cac ngdi nha mat dudng dan
den cac ngdi nha mat ngd. tu ngd dan din
nha mat ngach. Khdng gian nay chiem
mdt sd lupng rit Idn trong quy nha cua Ha
Ndi. Nhin ben ngoai, nhung khdng gian ay

cd ve nhu yen tinh, it biin ddi, song day la
khu vyc cd sU biin ddi rd net nhat ve cac
thanh phan dan cU, ve Idi sdng va kien
true nha cQa,

<b>Tim hieu ve thanh phan cU dan </b>
<b>va viec quan iy hanh chinh </b>

<i>Cap phudng: PhUdng la cap quan ly trye </i>

tiep nhat den cac thanh phin dan cU
chinh trong phudng. Moi phudng lai dUpc
chia ra nhieu cum, td khac nhau (vi du:
Phudng 6 Chp DQa cd 120 td). Viec phan
chia cac td dan cQ dQPc can cQ theo ranh
gidi va dja ban cua noi ngudi dan sinh
sdng. Hau hit nhQng td dan cQ nay diu
lay ngo va ngach lam ranh gidi phan chia.
Tuy nhien, viec phan chia cung chi la
tuong ddi, mdt td cd the la mdt ngd. mpt
ngo cung cd the la nhiiu td. Hien nay.
tren dia ban cac phudng deu dang quan
ly 4 thanh phan dan eU: loai KT1 gdm d
dan chinh cU (la nhQng ngydi sinh sdng
nhieu ddi, cd hp khau thudng tru d day) va
dan ngu cU - gdm cae hp mdi chuyen den
mua dat xay nha, cd hp khau thudng tru
tai dja phuong trong khoang vai chuc nam
trd lai day; KT2 la ngudi cd hd khau thudc
mdt quan va cd tru d mdt quan khac: loai
KTS la nhQng ngUdi ed nha d ma chua ed
hd khau thUdng tru; KT4 la dan cU cua eac
tinh lan can, den lam an sinh sdng va thue
nha d tai day, vdi viec dang ky tam tru,
tam ving, mang tinh thdi vu.

Cap phudng cung la d p trye tiep quan ly
viec xay dyng tren dja ban phudng. Moi
ngUdi dan diu phii ed giay cap phep mdi

dupe xay dyng nhad. NhUvay. cap phudng
cung la d p quan ly trye tiip nhat viec xay
dyng tai eac ngd ngach cua Ha Ndi.

<i>Ddi vdi to dan cu: Td dan cd cd td trudng </i>

dype nhan dan bau ra, thay mat td dan
cy gap gd. lien lac vdi cac cap lanh dao
phudng. Ngydi td trydng la ngudi nlm
dupe day du danh sach ten tudi va thanh
phan cua eac hd gia dinh trong dja ban cU
tru cija td minh.

Sy mua ban ty phat dat dai da din den su
thay ddi cae thanh phan dan cU. NhQng
ngudi mdi din chu yeu thudc cac thanh
phan: cdng chQc nha nQde, cdng nhan;
Nhung gia dinh dang d nhQng khu phd
sam uat tien Ipi eho cdng viee budn ban da
nhudng cua hang eho con, mua dat trong
lang de d cho yen tTnh tudi gia; NhQng gia
dinh dang sinh sdng d cac khu vyc khac
trong thanh phd, do gili toi lay dat lam
dudng dupe din bu tien, nen mua nha
trong lang de d; NhOng sinh vien cae tinh
xa. bd me cd diiu kien mua nha; ngoai
ra cdn cd nhQng ngudi lao ddng chan tay
theo thdi vu d n chd an chd d re tien.
Sy da dang cua cac thanh phin dan cQ
cho thay: ngd va ngach la mdt khdng gian

van hda ed tinh dung hpp cao, nhQng
ngQdi dan gdc cua lang va nhQng ngUdi
dan mdi den diu cd mdi quan he lang
giing vdi nhau. NhQng ngQdi dan gdc vin
duy tri nhQng net sinh hoat cu eua lang.
Hang nam den ngay gid chap, l i tit, l i
hpi lang hp lai thyc hien dung le nghla
eua ngUdi di xa de trd ve que hUOng bin
quan. Nhiiu gia dinh khdng cd diiu kien
di lai, hp cd the gui chut tiin cdng due v i
de thyc hien nghla vy cua ngudi con ddi
vdi que huong. NhQng ngudi dan mdi vin
tiep tue duy tri nhung tap quan phong tyc
cua dja phuong hp, ddng thdi tuan thu cac
phong tuc, tap quan va nhQng yeu d u
eua noi d mdi. Hp cung thd cung Thanh
hoang lang, cung vao chua thip hUPng
khan Phat va thyc hien day du mpi ddng
gdp tu sija dinh chua tai noi d mdi.

<b>Tim hieu thUc trang kien true, </b>
<b>quy hoach. </b>

<i>Ve cau true: Cac lang cd hien nay hoan </i>

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<b>Quy hoach & </b>

<b>_t^c</b>

<i><b>_viA</b></i>

toan bien dang. Khudn vien cac hp gia
dinh rdng rai vdi hang rao cay xanh khdng
cdn, dat dai bj xe le xay dyng kin, khdng

cdn khdng gian trdng. Canh quan kien
true thap ting vdi nhQng ngdi nha truyen
thdng cd san, vUdn, mai ngdi xUa khdng
cdn, thay vao dd la nhQng ngdi nha nhiiu
tang, nlm san sat nhau. Vi dy nhU lang
Hao Nam, trUdc kia la mpt lang ven ddng
sdng Td Ljch, cd cac ngd md ra sdng. Hien
nay, sdng da bj lap lam dUdng nen lang cd
ngo md ra dUdng phd.

Cac thanh phan lam nen d u true lang
ed Ha Ndi: la eac cdng trinh tdn giao tin
ngUdng cua lang (dinh, den, miiu...) hau
het van dUOc giQ gin va bao ve tren vj tri
cu. Tuy nhien do sy sap xip lai dja gidi
hanh chinh nen mdt sd cdng trinh kien
true cd cua lang lai bj elt chuyen sang
khu vyc khac.

Cac ngd hien nay cung van la eon dUdng
lang ngay xya khdng dUde md rdng them
ma chi dupe keo dai ra va phat trien them
thanh ngach. Mdi mpt phan dat ban deu
phai dam bao ed Idi di vao nha, vi vay
ngudi chu dat mudn ban dupe phai elt mdt
phan dat de lam ngd, lan lupt nhieu phan
dat dupe ban dan tao thanh ngd mdi. Cdn
ngach (nhanh) dUde phat trien do ngUdi
chu dat trUde kia cd mdt khoing dat vUdn
keo dai tQ mat ngd ve phia sau, mudn ban

dupe nhQng phan dat sau thi phai md ngo.
Dan dan, eac hd mua dat xay dUng nha hai
ben ngach tao ra ngach mdi dan ra ngo.
Ngd, ngach Ha Ndi hien nay dang mang
trong minh rat nhiiu chQc nang: Phan be
mat la con dQdng di lai, noi vui chOi cija
tre nhd, noi giao tiep eua eac cu gia, noi
de bip than dun nau, ndi xep cui chQa dd,
noi dyng xe, ndi d i thung rac, thung nude
gao eho ldn. Phan tren cao: la ndi treo
bien hieu quang cao, noi de eac dudng
day dien, dien thoai chay qua, nOi cae ban
cdng dua ra de md rdng dien tich, noi phoi
quan ao, trdng cay dnh... Phan dudi Idng
dat la nPi ed cdng d p thoat nude, mdt sd
nha dao gieng khoan, dao be nudc ngam.
Nhieu con ngd nhd hang ngay la nPi hpp
chp cdc cang lam cho khdng gian them
chat chdi va mat ve sinh. Mdt khong gian
ngo nhd, hep the. nhung phii mang trong
minh bao trpng trach bdn b i eua cudc
sdng hang ngay, it ai ngd tdi.

Cae lang Ha Ndi trudc kia ddng vai trd la la
phdi xanh cua thanh phd nay da bj cd dac
bdi hang tram ngdi nha trong mdt khdng
gian nhd hep. Ngd, ngach khdng cd bdng
dang cay xanh, khdng ed khoang trdng
gianh cho sinh hoat cdng ddng.

<i>Ve CO so ha tang: Hien nay ngd, ngach </i>

dupe dd be tdng hoan toan, khdng cdn b i
mat dat trdng, nen khi cd mUa rat d i bj ngap
lut vi khdng cdn b i mat de tham thau nUde.
Ngo. ngach thudng b i ngang rdng tQ 1,8
den 2.5m: dai khoang tren 300m. Ve sinh
chung dupe giu gin sach se do cac chi hdi
ty quin chiu trach nhiem cung vdi Cdng ty
ve sinh mdi trudng, nen dUdng lang ngd
xdm sach se.

<i>Kien tnJc nha d: NhQng ngdi nha trong </i>

ngo ngach thQdng khdng cd san trQde,
san sau, neu cd thi sd IQdng rat it do dien
tich dat han hep. Khoang IQu khdng giQa
cac ngoi nha liin k i hau nhQ khdng cd.
Khoang luu khdng giQa hai Idp nha cung
chi la ngach nhd. Ngo va ngach la nPi
ehua dyng nhung ngoi nha ed dien tich
nhd tQ 1 Sm^ din 70m^. NhQng ngdi nha ed
cdng md trye tiip ra ngd chiem sd lUpng
Idn. gan nhu toan bd eac ngdi nha. Mdi
nha diu cd tUdng bao kin xay bang gach
vQa hoac hang rao sat dan cao qua dau
ngudi.

De dam bao an ninh, ngoi nha nao cung
ed hai Idp cua: cQa sit keo va cQa gd,

kinh. Mat dung ngdi nha thudng dPn dieu
gidng nhau, bdi khdng cd khdng gian the
hien, Thdng thudng, nha ed ban cdng dua

ra phia trudc. vdi nhung con tien lan can
don gian. cua thudng md chinh giua nha.
nhieu nha cd cua phu ben canh, de dUa xe
vao nha ma khdng lam ban phdng khach.
Dp cao cua nha chu yeu la cao 3-4 tang.
Mat dQng khdng ed dp lui nhat djnh, nhiiu
nha cdn ty do cOi ndi, lan chiim khong
gian ben tren. lam ngd xdm thiiu anh
sang va am udt.

Nhu vay. vdi cdng cupc dd thj hda, dan
cu va kiin triJc quy hoach ed mdi quan he
mat thiit vdi nhau. mdi quan he nay vd
cung phuc tap, lien quan den cae che dp,
chinh sach eua thanh phd d tam vT md,
cung nhu nhung bien phap trong viee td
chQc quan ly thyc hien d d p td dan cd.
Cdng tac quy hoach va kien true khdng
the tach rdi cae cdng tac khac, nhat la
cdng tac quan ly d cac cap dja phUdng
mang tinh trUc tiep (dp td, d p cum, d p
phudng). Chat lUpng cua dan cU dd thj
d n gin vdi chat lupng khdng gian sdng
cua dd thj, cd nhU vay dd thj mdi phat trien
mang tinh ben vQng.

Mudn the, cdng tac quy hoach, kien true
<i>tai cae ngo ngach dQng bj "lang quen"r\hu </i>
hien nay. Bdi thyc te la, dang sau eac true
dudng, cac khu dd thj mdi,., la hang nghin,
hang van ngo ngach, noi sinh sdng cua
mdt phin khong nhd dan cU dd thi. Ndi
day dang d n chinh quyin dd thj eac d p ,
cac nha quan ly nganh, eac nha chuyen
mdn va cdng ddng dan cU, cung nhau tim
Idi gili, de hinh anh va chat iQOng sdng
noi nay thyc sy la cua thu dd hien dai ma
van hiin.

<b>ALLEYS AND NOOKS IN HANOI VILLAGES </b>
<b>THE CHOICE OF MANY RESIDENT COMPONENTS </b>

Nguyen Minh Due

In urbanization process in Vietnam planning architecture and resident has close
relationship. This relationship is not simple one way but very complicated related to
structure, policies, methods of the city at large scale and implementation management
at resident groups. The architecture and planning cannot be separated with other
tasks, especially management at local levels. The quality of urban resident should be
connected with the quality of urban population for sustainability.

Architecture space of alleys and nooks seems as neglected space at present. It seems
that managers and planners looking for the beauty of urban areas in road axis, new
urban areas.. However, behind of these they are hundreds of alleys and nooks with
large number of urban population which asked for planners and managers to bring
real civilization urban image to meet this beauty.

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