Hướng phát triển kinh tế ổn định từ mô hình trồng cà phê ghép

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MB Trans 23

A. >V

H U O N G P H A T T R I E N K I N H T E O N D I N H

TIT" NO HINH THONG CA PHE GHEP

<i>Hien nay, viec nhan gidng cd phe vd tinh bdng nhieu phOdng phdp nhU ghep, gidm cdnh, nudi cdy </i>

<i>md... dang ngdy cdng dddc Ong dung rgng rdi de ndng cao hieu qua vd cha't Iddng cua cdy cd phe, nhdt </i>
<i>Id d nhdng tinh thugc khu vdc Tdy Nguyen. Cdc phOdng phdp ndy dang dan dddc nhdn rdng vd phdt trien d </i>
<i>cdc tinh thugc khu vdc Ddng Nam bd, trong dd cd Binh Phddc. TO ket qua nghien cdu vd kinh nghiem thOc </i>
<i>tiin cho thay, phOdng phdp ghep ndi nggn md choi ghep Id mdt dogn ngon thu tO vOdn nhdn choi ghep, </i>
<i>con gdc ghep Id cdy trong ngoai rdy de cdi tgo vOdn hogc cdy trong vOdn Odm, giup sdn xud't cdy con de </i>
<i>trong mdi dd dddc Ong dung rdng rdi tgi cdc vung thdm canh cd phe nhdm tgo ra mgt vOdn cdy ddng deu </i>
<i>cho ndng suat cao vd cha't Iddng td't. </i>

cai tgo lgi vudn ca phe theo hudng ddn cua Vien

Khoa hgc Ky thugt Ndng Ldm nghiep Tdy Nguyen. De
xdc djnh chinh xdc hieu qua cua md hinh nen ngay
td khi bat ddu thgc hien md hinh, mgi cdng viec, nhd
cda cdy, thu dgn thdn, ldm bon, ddo ranh ep xanh,
ldm co, tgo hinh, cat cdnh, ddnh chdi vddt, phun
thudc trd sdu benh... dng ddu thgc hign theo dung
hudng ddn cua Vien. Luc ddu gia dinh cung thay hdi
lo, nhdng sau 6 thdng thay cdy phdt trien tot, cdnh to
vd nen rat yen tdm. Hien vudn cua dng sdp cho thu
hogch, trdi nhieu, to deu vd sd chum nhieu vd ddy
hon. Thay cdy phdt tridn td't nen trddc ddy may

thdng, gia dinh dng dd phdt tridn them 0,5 ha. d
nhdng dien tich khde, cdy ndo phdt trien kem, dng
deu cda di de tien hdnh ghep cdnh, den nay phdn
ldn dang phdt trien rat tdt vd ddng deu. Td khi cd md
hinh cua gia dinh dng Hy, nhieu hp khde dd nhgn
thd'y hieu qua cua nd nen nhidu bd con trong vd
ngoai xd dd den hgc hdi, tim hieu vd cd hg dd dp
dung cdi tgo vUdn cua gia dinh len den cd hecta.

Trddc ddy, cdy cd phe td khi trdng den khi cho
trdi bdi cung phdi mat 3 ndm, nhdng vdi md hinh ndy,
chi sau 18 thdng dd cho thu hogch vdi chdt Iddng
vugt trgi so vdi cdy cd phe thudng. Cdy cd phe
thudng neu dddc chdm sdc tdt cung chi dgt 3 tdn/
ha, cdn dd'i vdi vUdn cd phe ghep ddc tinh cung phdi
dgt ndng sud't td 5 den 7 tdn/ ha. Hign cd rat nhieu hg
trong vd ngoai xd den tim hieu kinh nghiem vd dgt
mua chdi ghep.

Kinh te cua xd Ddc Lieu chu yeu dga vdo sdn
xuat ndng nghiep nen ddy se Id ca hgi ra't ldn de ddy
mgnh phdt trien kinh te cua xd vi dd tim ddgc hddng
phdt trien mdi cho cdy cd phe, mgt cdy trdng chu
igc cua xd hign nay.

<i>Mdt di tdi tgo hOdng phdt trien mdi cho cdy cd </i>
<i>phi </i>

Tren ca sd thdc hign dd tdi "Xdy ddng md hinh
phdt trien cdy cd phe ben vdng theo hddng GAP tren

dja bdn tfnh" ddgc ky ket gida Vign Khoa hgc ky
thupt Ndng ldm nghiep Tdy Nguyen vdi Sd Khoa hgc
-Cong nghg Binh PhUdc. Thdng 4 ndm 2009, Vien dd ky
hgp ddng thd nghipm vdi 2 hg vd cda ghep cdi tgo
cd phe vdi, mdi hg 0,5 ha tgi xd Ddc Lieu (Bu Ddng).
Mgc du md hinh mdi ddpc thgc hign gdn 2 ndm
nhdng dd mang lgi tin hipu mdng ddi vdi ngddi trdng
cd phe d Ddc Lieu ndi rieng vd cua tfnh noi chung.
Ong Hdu Phuc Hy d td 4, dp 8, xd Ddc Lidu, cho bie't:
Trade ddy, khi di tim hieu ve mpt so md hinh ldm dn
hieu qua d tfnh Ddk Ldk, thay hp cd nhieu phuang
phdp cdi tgo cd phe ra't hieu qua nen khi dddc nhgn
thpc hign md hinh gia dinh ra't phdn khdi. Gia dinh cd
4.6 ha dd't canh tdc, chu yeu trdng cd phe, mgc du
thdi diem ky ket thpc hign md hinh, vUdn cd phe cda
ong dang phdt trien rat td't nhdng ong vdn quye't tdm

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<i>Tgo hUdng phat then kinh temdi de giii vd phdt </i>
<i>then hieu qua dien tich cd phe cdn lgi </i>

Nhdng ndm qua, do thdi tiet dien bien bd't
thddng vd gid cd phe cung tdng gidm theo bie'n
ddng chung cua thi trddng nen hieu qua kinh te dem
lai td logi cdy trdng ndy khdng cao. Trong khi dd,
phdn ldn dien tich cd phe tren dja bdn tinh dd gid cdi,
cho ndng sud't thdp, trong khi cdy cao su dang cd gid
vd cho thu nhgp dn djnh. Nhdng yeu to tren dd ddn
de'n hien tugng, ngddi trdng cd phe bd cdy cd phe

dd thay the bdng cdy cao su hogc nhdng logi cdy
trdng khde cd hieu qua kinh te han nen dien tich cdy
cd phe tren dja bdn tinh lien tuc sut gidm theo tdng
ndm. Viec ldm ndy cung the hien tdm ly chung cua
da so ngddi ldm ndng nghiep tren dja bdn tinh Id
khdng kien tri gdn bd de'n cung vdi cdy trdng cua
minh nen diep khue "trdng chdt, chdt trdng" lien tuc
didn ra hogc cd biet cd nhdng trddng hgp khdng cdn
chuyen ddi nhdng bd mgc cho cdy phdt tridn theo
hddng "td nhien". Chfnh vi vgy, nhidu hg ndng ddn
dd phdi tiec nudi khi minh dd phd bo cdy cd phe
hogc cd cd phe nhdng khdng cd trdi trong luc gid cd
phe dang ngdy mdt tdng cao sau khi nen kinh te the

Bddc tie'p theo Id sd dung mdn Igc dd logi bd nhdng
chdt ke't tda cd trong djch - nghTa Id tanin cung bj
logi bo theo.

Cdng dogn tie'p theo cung khd don gian, djch
thu dddc cd the pha them dddng trdng. Tuy vdo
Iddng dddng nhidu hay ft md chdt Idgng rdgu vang
ldm ra khde nhau. Trong qua trinh chdng cat, che
bie'n bd con se cd them kinh nghiem de tgo nhdng
cdng thdc pha che dddng nhidu hay ft.

VI sdn xud't rddu vang bdng phdang phdp len
men nen viec logi bd nhdng vi sinh vdt cd trong djch
men Id ra't quan trgng. Ne'u khdng ldm td't cdng
dogn ndy, rdgu se khdng sdn xud't dddc vi xud't hien
mui chua, mui thdi td nhdng hogt ddng cua vi sinh

vdt cd trong dd. Do dd, dung djch cdn phdi chdng
cat bdng each nd'u sdi de logi bo vi sinh vdt gay
hgi. Dung djch dddng trddc khi cho vdo djch trdi
dieu cung phdi ddgc dun sdi.

Tie'p theo Id cdy men vdo (men d ddy Id mgt

gidi dang ddn binh dn trd lgi.

Td hai md hinh trdng cd phe ghep dddc tridn khai
thdnh cdng tren dja bdn xd Ddc Lidu. de'n nay dd cd
ra't nhidu hp de'n hgc tap, tim hieu nen dien tich ddpc
cdi tgo theo hinh thdc ndy dang ngdy mdt tdng len.
Dddc chdng kien md hinh cdi tgo vddn cd phe gid
cdi dd ndng cao ndng sud't, chdt Idpng dd vd dang
ddpc tridn khai rdng khdp tren dja bdn xd cung
nhdng khu vdc ldn can ai cung thd'y mdng cho ngddi
ndng ddn. Trddc ddy, dien tfch cdy cd phe cda xd
ra't ldn, nhdng de'n nay chf cdn 618 ha, hy vong dien
tfch ndy se khong bj sut gidm md tie'p tuc cho hipu
qua cao hdn so vdi trddc ddy. Theo kinh nghipm cda
cdc hp thdc hien mo hinh thi ky thudt ghep chdi tren
cdy cd phe ra't dd thdc hign, mdc dp thdnh cdng
cao, ddng thdi tiet kiem chi phf chdm sdc, gdp phdn
ndng cao ndng sud't tren mdt dan vj dipn tfch. Ne'u dja
phddng se td chdc cdc budi hdi thao, md cdc ldp
tap hudn mdi cdc nhd khoa hgc ve chuyen giao ky
thudt, giup ndng ddn nam bdt khoa hgc - ky thugt de
dp dung vdo thdc te sdn xud't mpt each bdi bdn han,
ddy se Id tidn dd dd phdt trien vd nhdn rdng mo hinh

tren dja bdn todn tfnh./.

<i>Lam PhUdng </i>

titp tdeo tuanq 22

logi nam men saccharomyses cerevisiae), len men
d nhipt dp thddng, td 25- 30 dp C trong thdi gian 9
ngdy.

Sau thdi gian ke tren, se tie'n hdnh len men phu,
muc dfch cda ldn len men phu Id giup cho vi sinh
vdttgo hdang cho rdgu.

Cudi cung, Igc bo tgp chdt, dong chai vd bdn
ra thi trddng. De rdpu cd the bdo qudn Idu, ngddi
sdn xud't cdn bdo qudn rdpu d nhipt dp thdp.

De hgn che' hien tdgng rdgu vang bj sgm mdu
theo thdi gian bdo qudn do tannin cdn tdn ddtrong
dung djch (vi hieu sud't tdch tannin cda gelatin dgt
77,9%, cda Ca(OH)2 dgt 88,4%), bd con cd the cho
them cd the bd sung them NaHS03, natri
benzoate...

Sdn phdm rdpu vang thdnh phdm Id rddu vang
bdn ngpt, co dp cdn td 11-13,4%. Trung binh 1kg trdi
didu se cho ra khoang 1,5 lit rddu dieu./.

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