Chùa Một Cột : Biểu trưng của phật giáo và của tâm hồn dân tộc

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<b>Tap Ghi Cong l i e Tdn giao </b>

<b>CHUA MOT COT: BIEO TRIlHG CUA PHAT GIAO </b>

<b>VA CUA TAM HON OAN TOC </b>

g hiia Mdt Cdi (H,n Ndi) cd tdn chCf Id Didn
»ii|. HLAJ tubifi'u hidn udc vpng cua Nhd nudc
^ mudn keo ddi tud'i thp cho vua vd su
triJdng tdn cho ddn tdc. SCfcQ cho hay thdng 10
nam Ky SCfU (1049) vua Ly Thdnh Tdng chidm
bao thd'y Quan Am ngdi tda sen dd'n din vua
Idn dai. Tinh ddy. vua ndi lai vdi qudn thdn, cd
ngudi cho Id diem gd. SU Thidn Tud khuydn
vua dung chiia gidng nhu trong mdng, Vua tidn
cho dao hd Linh Chieu d vudn Tdy Cd'm giiia
hd dung cdt da cao vot, tren dau cot dung ngdi
chua mang hinh bdng sen nd nghin canh lam
tda sen cCia Quan Am Tren hd bdc cdu vao
dien mdu xanh, trong dien dat tugng vang. Khi
xong, vua hoc cac sude tung kinh cau cho vua
manh khoe sd'ng lau vd dat ten chiia.

Ndm 1080 due chudng chiia, chuong Idn
khdng treo ndi phai de d rudng cd nhieu ma
nen goi ia chudng Quy Dien, Chudng nay
ciing vdi thap Bao Thien, vac Phd' IVIinh vd
tUdng Phdt chiia Quynh Lam duoc het vdo bd
"An Nam tir dai khf. Dau the k;/ XV, qudn Minh
xam lupc nudc ta da pha nhirng bau vat tren.

Nam 1100, chiia Dien Muu dudc tu sifa lan

dau, nhuTig viec md rdng quy md la vdo nam
1105 vet hd Linh Chid'u, xay hanh lang cham
ve 6 xung quanh hd, ben ngoai lai dao hd Bich
Tri, trong trong hoa sen, xung quanh cung cd
hanh lang chay dai, lai bac cau vong de' di vao,
<i>phia trudc cau. d hai ben cd dung bao thap luu </i>
ly Hdng thang, vao ngay mong mot vd rdm,
hang nam vao ngay Phat dan, vua lai ngdi xe
ngoc ngu den chiia md liec hoa, dang huong,
dat chau thau tam Phat va lam le phdng sinh
de'cau cho ngoi bau,

Trong qua trinh ton lai, chiia Mdt Cdt da

THICH THANH LIEN
nhidu Idn tu sCia, ki^u thiiC cudi ciing nhi/ ngay
nay thd'y Id duoc Idm lai Ihu nho vao nCia .si
thd k^ thif XIX khi Hd Ndi chl la mdt tinh thanh,
Ihd rdi ndm 1954, taidc luc njt di. thuc ddn
<i>Phdp dd n6 min phd huy, ddu ndm 1955, </i>
Chinh phCi ta cho dutig lai nhi/ cti. Ngdi chiia
hidn tai khdng bd ihd, song toan the van Id
hinh tUdng bdng sen kidn tnJc k h ^ g Id vuon
ldn tif gudng nuiSc trong xanh, bilu hidn mdt
su thanh cao sang trong. Vd kien tnJc. gon
xinh, hda nhdp vdi vudn cay. vudn canh, tao ra
mdt mdi sinh vdn hda nghe thudt dm dem nhu
khiic dan ca kidn true. Ngay nay lot trong
khung canh Ldng vd Bao tang Hd Chi Minh to
<b>rdng vdi kid'n true hien dai, toan canh chiia r.:6t </b>

<i>Cdt lai Id mdt dau son ve chieu sau iich sit va </i>
la diem nghi cho du khach di vid'ng Bac.

Khi xdy dung chiia Mdt Cot, vua Ly da "y
theo muu mdi, lai dua vdo dau t'ch xua" nhu
bai bia chiia Doi viet ti/ ndm 1121, cd nghla da
sang tao tren cd sd tnjyen thong. Tien than
cua Idl kien tmc ddn td't ca trpng luong len dau
mot cdy cot, cd the' tim thay ngudn goc xa xu&
tir chd ngudl nguyen thuy gdc canh len cay
lam chdi d, den chd ngUdi Ddng Sdn lam nha
kho mai cong up d tren cdt tm, cd gd them vao
tudng 6 hai ben ma nay cdn thay khac tren
<i>nhieu trd'ng ddng loai HI nd'i tieng. 6 kinh dd </i>
Hoa Lu va d Xa Dan (Ha Ndi) ciing cd nhufng
ngdi chiia cdn iai ta/dc tm da to tudng taiyen
ia dau tich cua chiia Mot Cdt cd tmdc chiia
Dien Huu. Tmyen than td nghe tho mdc diing
chum Chan chd'ng hai tay vao hdng dd' ra kieu
lam nha ciing duoc Ld Ban hieu la kieu nha
mdt cdt. Trong dan gian cho den nay vdn con
nhiJng cay huong (cai mieu nho) thd dung tren

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<b>Tap chi Cdng tac Ton giao </b>

<b>LJ!liM!l4J!IHAlJJM!l.1M.I </b>

dau mdt tru gach hay tru go... TU nhCfng "dau
tich xua ay", Vua LJ da eai tao thanh tda nha
khong lo mang dang dap bdng hoa sen ham
tieu, dijng tren d^u mdt tru da cao tdi mudi
IrUdng (chUng hdn 30m)' cdng trinh kien tnJc

nghe thuat hung vi ma chi d thdi Ly mdi cd noi
y tudng sang lao va dieu kien thUe thi.

Theo nha bae hoe Le Quy Ddn thi d Trung
Qud'e eung cd nhuTig cai dai. cai quan chi cd
<i>mdt cot Sach Bic vat chi chep. "d Giang Lang </i>
cd mot cai dai that to ma chl cd mdt cai tru, tat
<i>ca cac xa deu cam vio cai tm ay" Sach Chu </i>
cung cd/sU cung chep "VUdng NghTa Khanh
ddi Tang, lam Iran thO dat Tam Xuyen. ed lam
<i><b>cai quan d La Cdng thau, that to, ma chi cd </b></i>
mot cai cdt"'. Nhung y tudng va kieu thirc ra
sao thi khdng rd. Cdn chiia Mdt Cdt cua vua
Ly thi khdng chi quy md to ldn, ma eo ban la

hinh tuang bdng hoa sen thanh khiet, cao quy,
<i>sang trong ma binh di, visa lam bieu trung cCia </i>
dao Phat. vira la lam hon dan tdc "g^n biin m^
chang hdi lanh miii biin".

Chun Mdt Cdt da trd thanh bieu IUdng ciia
van hda Viet Nam Ngay nay khdng chi 6 Ha
Ndi ma mdt sd noi khac trong nude va ca tren
the gidl da xay dung chua Mdt Cdt theo kieu

<b>IhUedHaNdi-Tai lieu tham khao: </b>

- Chu Quang TrU: Sang gia Chiia xUa. Trang 153.
157,

1. Nguyen Hong Phong tinh ra cot cao 20m (Tim
hieu linh each d5n loc. NXB Khoa hoc. 1993.
trang 201). Cdn Nguyen Dd Cung cho la col cao
40 thudc (Tap chi Van nghe sd 49, thang 6-1961
trang 49).

<i>2. Le Quy Don Van Dai loai ngU. lap II, NXB VSn </i>
hoa, 1962, dieu 11 ciia phan IX pham vat.

<b>CDNG TAC QUAN IY NHA NlfffC ... </b>

<i>(tiep theo trang 3S) </i>

4. Tang cudng edng tac bao dam an ninh
trat tu trong le hdi, cd phUOng an xif iy dd'i vdi
nhCilig iRJdng hpp gay mat an loan va trat tU,
nhijng hien tUdng gay rdi, trdm cap, chen lan
xd day de vao te Id. To chUc td't cae hoat ddng
<i>dich vu phuc vu Id hdi, sip xep cac cifa hang, </i>
eac quan phue vu khach den le hdi mdt each
khoa hoe, ed my quan, y thUc phuc vu tan tinh,
sap xep nd! an nghi cho khaeh hap ly, gia ca
phai Chang, bao dam an toan va ve sinh mdi
Injdng trong khu vuc le hdi. Cac ed quan chUe
nang can tang eUdng cdng lac thanh tra, kiem
tra de udn nan, xCf ly kip thdi nhCrng sai pham,
bao dam Id hpi dat ket qua tot

5. Phat huy vai Ird eiia ban quan ly le hdi,
bao dam Id hdi hoat ddng theo diing ndi dung

de ra, an loan, hieu qua va tiet kiem. Ban quan
ly le hpi phai dUdc lUa chon ky gom^ nhung
ngudi cd uy tin eua dia phuong, ed pham chat
<i>dao ddc. ed am hieu linh hinh dia phuong ya </i>
truyen thd'ng Id hoi, biet to chi/c va hUdng dan

<i>thue hien nhiem vu cu the dxSpc giao, hieu va </i>
<i>nam vCfng phap luat, cd nang luc )^d ly cac tinh </i>
huong xay ra trong le hdi.

6. can quan tam dau tu va huy ddng dau
tu bang nhieu nguon tU cac td chi/c tU thien,
cae doanh nghiep, suddng gdp cua nhan dan
de tu sifa, nang cap cae edng trinh thudc pham
VI Id hdi cua cae dia phuong, nhung edng trinh
thd tu, eo sd ha tang nhu dudng, dien, nude
sach, cac cdng trinh phu trp cho le hpi bao dam
eho cac le hdi trang nghiem, va thuan loi cho
ngudi dan tham gia l l hdi.

Ld hdi la boat ddng vUa mang tinh tam linh
v i ^ mang tinh van hda cua dan tde. Tang
cuPng quan ly nha nudc dd'i vdi le hdi la van de
cap thiet va quan trpng ciia cae cap, eac
nganh, nham dap img duoc nhu cau tin
ngudng cua nhan dan va giCf gin dupe ban sle
van hda dan tdc, la ddng lUc tao sU dong thuan
thd'ng nhat eiia nhan dan, ddng gdp lich cue
thUc hien Ihling loi dudng Id'i dd'i mdi cua Dang,
Hy vong trong thdi gian tdi, le hdi trong ca nude

ndi chung va dia phuong ndi neng se cd nhieu
chuyen bien tieh

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