CHUYÊN đề NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH ôn THI vào lớp 10 năm 2021

BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO THANH HÓA
TRƯỜNG THSC QUẢNG PHÚ

CHUYÊN ĐỀ
NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH
ÔN THI VÀO LỚP 10 NĂM 2021

Teacher: Phạm thị Oanh

NĂM 2021



CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CÁC THÌ TIẾNG ANH
Tenses
Present
simple

Form
 To be:
S + is/ am/ are + O
 V:
(+) S + V(s/es) + O
(-) S + don’t/ doesn’t + V
+O
(?) Do/ Does + S + V +
O?

Example:
- Two and two is/ are four
- He usually gets up at 5

o’clock.
- My cousin doesn’t love
collecting stamps.
- There is a ten-hour train
every day in Long Bien
railway Station.
Present
(+) S + is/am/are + V-ing
continuou + O
s
(-) S + is/am/are + not +
V-ing + O
(?) Is/ Am/ Are + S + Ving + O

Use
- Diễn tả một sự thật
hiển nhiên, một chân
lý luôn đúng.
- Diễn tả sự việc
thường xảy ra ở hiện
tại.
- Diễn tả những thói
quen, sở thích, tập
qn hay đặc tính
trong hiện tại.
- Dùng trong lịch trình
tàu xe, thời khóa biểu/
gian biểu.

- Diễn tả một sự việc

đang xảy ra tại thời
điểm nói.
- Diễn tả một sự việc
đang xảy ra nhưng
khơng nhất thiết tại
thời điểm nói
Example:
- Diễn tả hai hay nhiều
- We are studying English hành động đang cùng
now.
xảy ra một lúc ở hiện
- they are building a super tại.
market near my house.
- Lưu ý: ta dùng
- At present Lam is
“always” trong thì này
listening to the teacher,
để nhấn mạnh, phê
An is writing a letter and bình, chỉ trích một
Kien is chatting merrily.
hành động tiêu cực,
- She is always talking
không tốt.
loudly in the class.

3

Adverb
Always,
usually, often,

sometimes,
seldom, hardly,
rarely, never,…
- Every + time
- Sau until/ as
soon as

Now, at the
moment,
at
present, right
now,today, this
+ time …
Note: Những V
chỉ cảm giác,
cảm xúc khơng
dùng trong các
thì tiếp diễn:
love, like, hate,
smell, feel,…

Notes
Nguyên tắc thêm “es”
sau V (S: he, she, it)
hoặc N ( số nhiều)
- Từ tận cùng là /
sh/ch/s/ss/x/ thì thêm
“es”
eg:
watch/watches,

mix/ mixes
- Từ tận cùng là phụ
âm + y: đổi y thành i,
thêm “es”.
Eg: study/ studies,
cry/ cries.
- Lưu ý:
do/ does, go/ goes,
tomato/
tomatoes,
potato/
potatoes.
Nhưng: kilo/ kilos
Nguyên tắc thêm
“ing” vào sau V:
- V tận cùng là “e” thì
bỏ “e” trước khi thêm
“ing”. Eg: write/
writing, ride/ riding
- V tận cùng là “ee”,
giữ nguyên thêm
“ing”.
Eg:
see/
seeing,
agree/ agreeing
- V tận cùng là “ie”,
đổi “ie” thành “y”
trước khi thêm “ing”.
Eg: die/ dying, lie/

lying.
- V là phụ âmnguyên âm- phụ âm,
thì gấp đơi phụ âm
cuối trước khi thêm
“ing”.
Eg: stop/ stopping,
rob/ robbing, plan/
planning.
- V có hai âm tiết, nếu
trọng âm rơi vào âm
tiết thứ 2, thì gấp đơi
phụ âm cuối trước khi
thêm “ing”.


Eg: begin/ beginning,
prefer/
preferring,
regret/
regretting,
permit/ permitting
- V tận cùng là “l”, ta
thường gấp đôi “ll”
trước khi thêm “ing”.
Eg: travel/ travelling,
cancel/ cancelling.
- V tận cùng là “ic”,
ta thêm “k” trước khi
thêm “ing”.
Eg:

picnic/
picnicking,
traffic/
trafficking
Present
perfect

(+) S + have/has + P2 +
O
(-) S + have/has + P2 +
O
(?) Have/ Has + S + P2
+O?
Example:
- He has just repaired the
TV set. He is washing his
hand now.
- Mai has learnt/ learned
English for 10 years.
Present
(+) S + have/has + been
perfect
+ V-ing + O
continuou (-) S + have/ has + not +
s
been + V-ing + O
(?) Have/ Has + S + been
+ V-ing + O?

Past

simple

Example:
- I have been walking
since early morning. I am
very tired now.
To be:
S + was/ were + O
V:
(+) S + V-ed + O
(-) S + didn’t + V + O
(?) Did + S + V + O?
Example:
- It was very hot
yesterday.
- My family went to Da
Lat last summer holiday.
- It was midnight. He

- Diễn tả một hành
động xảy ra trong quá
khứ và còn liên quan
đến hiện tại.
- Diễn tả một hành
động xảy ra trong quá
khứ, kéo dài đến hiện
tại và có thể tiếp tục
trong tương lai.

For, since, just,

already,
yet,
recently, for a
long time, for
ages,
ever,
never,up
to
now, up to
present,..
- In the last +
time (month/
year..)

- Nhấn mạnh một hành Since, for, for a
động xảy ra trong quá long time, for
khứ, kéo dài đến hiện ages,…
tại và có thể tiếp tục
trong tương lai.

- Ago, last,
- Diễn tả một hành yesterday, in/
động xảy ra trong quá on + time in the
khứ và đã kết thúc, past,…
không còn liên quan
đến hiện tại.
- Diễn tả một loạt các
hành động nối tiếp
nhau trong quá khứ.

4

Nguyên tắc thêm
“ed” vào sau động từ
( có quy tắc):
- V tận cùng là “e”,
giữ nguyên “e” rồi
thêm “d”. Eg: tie/
tied, smoke/ smoked,
hope/ hoped.
- V có phụ âmngun âm- phụ âm,
ta gấp đơi phụ âm
cuối trước khi thêm
“ed”.


closed the window, turned
off the light and then
went to bed.

Past
(+) S + was/were + V-ing
continuou + O
s
(-) S + was/ were + not +
V-ing + O
(?) Were/ Was + S + Ving +O?

Past
perfect

Past

Eg: stop/ stopped,
rob/ robbed.
- V có hai âm tiết, nếu
trọng âm rơi vào âm
tiết thứ 2, ta gấp đôi
phụ âm cuối trước khi
thêm “ed”. Eg: prefer/
preferred,
regret/
regretted.
- V tận cùng là “l”, ta
thường gấp đôi “ll”
trước khi thêm “ed”.
Eg: travel/ travelled,
cancel/ cancelled.
- V tận cùng là phụ
âm + y, đổi y thành i,
thêm “ed”.
Eg: study/ studied,
cry/ cried.
- V tận cùng là “ic”,
ta thêm “k” trước khi
thêm “ed”.
Eg: picnic/ picnicked,
traffic/ trafficked
- Diễn tả (những) hành
động đang xảy ra tại

một thời điểm xác định
trong quá khứ.
- Diễn tả một hành
động đang xảy ra thì
có hành động khác xen
vào.

Example:
- At 8 pm yesterday, I was
going out with my
friends.
- While Tom Cat was
sleeping, Jerry Mouse
appeared and took a piece
of cheese away.
(+) S + had + P2 + O
- Diễn tả một hành
(-) S + hadn’t + P2 + O
động xảy ra trước một
(?) Had + S + P2 + O?
hành động khác ở
trong quá khứ.
Example:
- Diễn tả một hành
- When Henry came last
động xảy ra trước một
Sunday, Ann had left for
thời điểm trong quá
Paris.
khứ.

- This hospital had been
built for children before
1985.
(+) S + had + been + V- Nhấn mạnh một hành

5

- Ago, last, at/
in/ on + time in
the past,…
- when, while

- Ago, last, at/
in/ on + time in
the past,…
- when, while,
before, after

- Ago, last, at/


perfect
ing + O
continuou (-) S + hadn’t + been+
s
V-ing +O
(?) Had + S+ been + Ving + O?

Simple
future

Example:
- She had been waiting
for you for nearly three
hours before you were
present.
(+) S + will/ shall + V +
O
(-) S + will/ shall + not +
V+O
(?) Will/ Shall + S + V +
O?

Example:
- It is raining cats and
dogs, I will stay here till it
clears up.
- I will help you when
you have trouble.
- Will you stop talking
please?
Near
S + is/am/are + going to
future
+V+O
S + is/am/are +V-ing + O
Example:
- We are going to Finish
this course on August.
- There are many black

clouds in the sky. It is
going to rain.
- I am studying Chinese
next year.
Future
(+) S + will+ be + V-ing
continuou + O
s
(-) S + will/ shall + not +
be + V-ing + O
(?) Will/ Shall + S + be +
V-ing + O?

động xảy ra trước một in/ on + time in
hành động khác/ một the past,…
thời điểm ở trong quá - when, while
khứ.

- Quyết định sẽ làm gì
ngay tại thời điểm nói (
khơng chắc chắn sẽ
xảy ra)
- Lời hứa hẹn làm gì,
ngỏ ý giúp ai,…
- Yêu cầu ai làm gì
một cách lịch sự.

- Kế hoạch, dự định đã
được sắp sẵn từ trước
- Dự đoán một việc

chắc chắn sẽ sớm xảy
ra dựa vào tình huống
của hiện tại.

Next,
tomorrow,
in/on + time in
the future.
When+
SVs/es

Next,
tomorrow,
in/on + time in
the future.
When+
SVs/es

Next,
- Diễn tả/ dự đoán một tomorrow,
hành động sẽ đang xảy in/on + time in
ra tại một thời điểm the future.
trong tương lai
When+
SVs/es

Example:
- At 8 am tomorrow, we
will be attending a
meeting.

- When he comes back,
the children will be
sleeping.

6

- Động từ “come, go”
không được dùng
trong cấu trúc Be +
going to + V
Example:
I am going to
come/go to Hanoi
next month


Future
perfect

(+) S + will + have + P2
+O
(-) S + will/ shall + not +
have + P2 + O
(?) Will/ Shall + S +
have + P2 + O?

Example:
- When he returns, they
will have built this bridge.
- By the end of this year,

my parents will have got
married for 50 years.
Future
(+) S + will + have +
perfect
been + V-ing + O
continuou (-) S + will/ shall + not +
s
have + been + V-ing + O
(?) Will/ Shall + S +
have been + V-ing + O?
Example:
- By June he will have
been living here for 10
years.

Next,
- Diễn tả một hành tomorrow,
động sẽ xảy ra trước in/on + time in
một thời điểm/ hành the future.
động trong tương lai
When+
SVs/es
- By + time in
the future
- Before

- Nhấn mạnh một hành
động sẽ xảy ra trước
một thời điểm/ hành

động trong tương lai

Next,
tomorrow,
in/on + time in
the future.
- When
- By + time in
the future
- before

Bài tập áp dụng
I. Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence
(A, B, C, or D):
1. John ............................... tennis once or twice a week.
A. is playing usually B. is usually playing
C. usually plays
D. plays usually
2. Tom ......................... his hand when he was cooking dinner.
A. burnt
B. was burning
C. has burnt
D. had
burnt
3. Jim is away on holiday. He ........................ to Spain.
A. is gone
B. have been
C. has been
D.
was

4. Everything is going well. We ....................... any problems so far.
A. didn’t have B. don’t have C. haven’t had
D. hadn’t had
5. I think the weather ............................ be nice later.
A. shall
B. will
C. is going to
D. can
6. Jane .................................... just a few minutes ago.
A. left
B. has left
C. leaves
D. had left
7. Timson ...................... 13 films and I think her latest is the best.
A. made
B. had made
C. has made
D. was
making
8. ................................. Robert lately ?
7


A. Did you see B. Have you seen
C. Do you see D. Are you
seeing
9. When I was a child, I ............................... the violin.
A. was playing B. am playing
C. played
D. play

10. He ......................... for the national team in 65 matches so far.
A. has played B. has been played
C. played
D. is
playing
11. I’m busy at the moment. I .................................. on the computer.
A. work
B. worked
C. am working
D. working
12. When I looked round the door, the baby ............................. quietly.
A. is sleeping B. slept
C. was sleeping
D. were
sleeping
13. Robert ....................... ill for three weeks. He is still in hospital.
A. had been
B. has been
C. is
D.
was
14. I’m very tired. I ..................... over four hundred miles today.
A. drive
B. am driving
C. have drived D. have driven
15. Our friends ............................... meet us at the airport tonight.
A. are
B. are going to
C. go to
D. will be

to
16. This isn’t my first time to visit London ........................... here
before.
A. I’m
B. I’d been
C. I was
D. I’ve
been
17. What time ............................. to work this morning ?
A. did you get B. are you getting
C. have you got
D. do
you get
18. When I ..................... him, the man was running away.
A. see
B. was seeing
C. saw
D. had
seen
19. I haven’t seen Kate ............................. Christmas.
A. for
B. never
C. ever
D. since
20. He’s worked for this company ......................... many years.
A. since
B. for
C. in
D. at
21. As soon as Martina saw the fire, she _______ the fire department

A. was telephoning
B. telephoned
C. had telephoned
D. has telephoned
22. Every time Parkas sees a movie made in India, he _______homesick
A. will have left
B. felt
C. feels
D. is feeling
23. Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I _______to visit friends and family several times
A. return
B. will have returned
C. am returning D. have returned
24. After the race _______, the celebration began
A. had been won
B. is won C. will be won
D. has been won
8


25. While he was washing his car, Mr. Brown _______a small dint in the rear fender.
A. has discovered
B. was discovering
C. is discovering D.
discovered
26. The earth _______ on the sun for its heat and light
A. is depended
B. depends
C. is depending D. has depended
27. I’m busy at the moment _______on the computer

A. I work
B. I’m worked
C. I’m working
D. I worked
28. At this time tomorrow _______over the Atlantic
A. we’re flying
B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly
D. we’re to fly
29. Our friends _______next us at the airport tonight
A. are
B. are going to
C. go to
D. will be to
30. When I entered the room, everyone _____________.
A. has been dancing
B. was dancing
C. had danced D.
danced
31. He said that he _________ his homework since 7 o’clock.
A. had done
B. did
C. has done
D.
was doing
32. How long __________ able to drive? - Since 1990.
A. could you
B. have you been
C. were you
D. are you
33. She won't get married until she __________ 25 years old.

A. is
B. will be
C. had been
D. was.
34. This building used to be a library,_________?
A. doesn't it
B. didn’t it
C. isn’t it
D.
wasn’t it
35. Nobody was injured in the accident, ________?
A. was there
B. was he
C. were they
D.
wasn't it
36. Let's go out for a walk, ______?
A. not us
B. don't we
C. do we
D. shall
we
37. Jane and I________ school in 1987.
A. finish
B. have finished
C. finishes
D. finished
38. John and Ann ………. married last Saturday.
A. get
B. got

C. is getting
D.
have
got
39. His brother…………….high school 6 years ago
A. finish
B. finished
C. finishes
D.
has finished
40. We have been living here………...1990
A. for
B. from
C. since
D.
during
41. Pasteur _____ in the 19th century.
9


A. was living

B. lived

C. had lived

D.

has

lived
42. .Now my sister _____ a bicycle of her own.
A. is having
B. are having C. has
D.
had
43 .Don’t bother me while I ………………..
A. am working B. was working C. will work
D. will have
completed
44 .How ................since we ................school?
A. are you / left
B. will you be / had left
C. have you been / left
D. had you been/ had left
45. When he came..........................
A. I was watching TV
B. I watched TV
C. I am watching TV
D. I have watched TV
46. The piano _____ at the moment.
A. repairs
B. repaired
C. is repaired
D. is being
repaired
47. I saw Jack yesterday morning while I ________ home from work.
A. walked
B. was walking
C. am walking D. had been

walking
48. My brother................out at weekend.
A. doesn’t usually go
B. does usually not go
C. doesn’t usually goes
D. usually doesn’t goes.
49. Everyday, my sister .................the floor.
A. usually clean
B. cleans usually
C. usually cleaned
D. usually cleans
50. Your English …………wonderfully since last month.
A. improved B. was improved C. have improved D. has
been improved
51. Anita ........ very hard at the moment.
A. is studying
B. studies
C. studied
D. has
studied
52. He ____ for London one year ago.
A. left B. has left
C. leaves
D. had left
53. She ____ in Hue for twenty years.
A. lives B. has lived
C. lived
D. will live
54. I ____ to the market with my mother yesterday.
A. go

B. went
C. have gone D. was going
55. How long ____ you ____ her? – For five months.
A. do/know
B. are/knowing C. have/known D. had/known
56. I usually ____ to school by bus.
A. went
B. am going
C. go
D. have gone
57. Yesterday morning I ____ up at 6.30.
10


A. got
B. get
C. was getting D. had got
58. Please don’t make so much noise. I ____.
A. studying
B. study
C. am studying D. studied
59. Water ____ at 100 degrees Celsius.
A. boils
B. boiled
C. is boiling
D. will boil
60. It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago. So it ____ for two
hours.
A. rains
B. is raining

C. has rained D. rained
61. ____ you ____ out last night?
A. Did/go
B. Do/go
C. Have/gone D. Were/going
62. This house ____ 35,000 pounds in 1980.
A. costs
B. cost
C. had cost
D. was cost
63. While Tom ____ tennis, Ann ____ a shower.
A. played/took
B. was playing/was taking
C. playing/taking
D. was play/was take
64. Mike is playing chess. How long ____ he ____?
A. did/play
B. is/playing C. has/play
D. has/been playing
65. When they ____ in the garden, the
phone ____.
A. worked/was ringing
B. worked/rang
C. were working/rang
D. work/rings
66. After they ____ their breakfast, they ____ shopping yesterday.
A. have/go
B. had had/go C. had/had gone
D. had had/went
67. They ____ tea when the doorbell ____.

A. have/is ringing
B. had had/ rang
C. were having/rang
D.
having/ringing
68. Father ____ his pipe while mother ____ a magazine.
A. smoked/read
B. was smoking/was reading
C. had smoked/read
D. smoking/reading
69. He ____ in the same house since 1975.
A. has lived
B. is living
C. lived
D. had lived
70. He ____ to HCMC last year and I ____ him
since then.
A. moved/didn’t see
B. moved/haven’t seen
C. moves/haven’t seen
D. moved/hadn’t seen
71. We ____ what to do with the money yet.
A. not decide B. haven’t decided
C. didn’t decide
D.
hadn’t decided
72. My father ____ as a teacher for thirty years.
A. works
B. is working C. worked
D. has worked

73. Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he ____ carelessly.
A. drove
B. had driven C. drives
D. was driving
74. Do you like swimming, Ba? – I ____ when I was a child but not now.
11


A. do
B. did
C. have done D. had done
75. I ____ her at the school gate yesterday.
A. met
B. meet
C. had met
D. am meeting
76. I don’t remember where and when I ____ her.
A. meet
B. had met
C. met
D. have met
77. They ____ to know each other for more than ten years.
A. get
B. got
C. have got
D. had got
78. I ____ the film with my friends last week.
A. watched
B. watch
C. have watched D. had watched

79. He ____ up at five every morning.
A. is getting
B. got
C. gets
D. was getting
80. ____ she ____ in Hue at the moment?
A. Does/live
B. Is/living
C. Did/live
D. Was/living
81. He usually ____ her at weekend but now he ____ in bed
because of his severe illness.
A. visits/stays B. visits/staying C. visited/stays D. visits/is staying
82. Don’t make noise, children! Parents ____.
A. sleep
B. are sleeping C. were sleeping D. slept
83. Why ____ you often ____ so much noise in the house?
A. do/make
B. did/make
C. are/making D. were/making
84. What ____ he ____ before you came?
A. does/do
B. had/do
C. had/done D. has/done
85. What ____ he ____ at 4pm last Sunday?
A. did/do
B. was/do
C. had/done D. was/doing
86. Last year he came here and ____ me to marry him but I ____
too young to get married.

A. asked/was B. asks/am
C. had asked/was
D. has asked/am
87. How long ____ you ____ novels?
A. have/write
B. do/write C. have/writtenD. are/writing
88. ____ you sometimes ____ out with friends?
A. Are/going
B. Do/go
C. Have/gone D. Did/go
89. I ____ a lot of badminton recently.
A. play
B. have played C. am playing D. was playing
90. We ____ your mother for ages.
A. don’t see
B. haven’t seen
C. didn’t see
D. hadn’t
seen
91. We ____ our plan next week.
A. started
B. will start
C. have startedD. will have started
92. They ____ a house by June next year.
A. will build
B. are building C. have built D. will have built
93. The film ____ by the time we get there.
A. ends
B. will end
C. is ending

D. will have ended
94. Tom ____ to Hanoi before.
12


A. is never
B. had never been
C. was never
D. has
never been
95. When we came to the stadium, the match ____.
A. already begins
B. had already begun
C. already began
D. have already begun
96. It was the first time I ____ such a beautiful girl.
A. ever saw
B. had ever seen
C. have ever seen
D.
ever see
97. She ____ the gold medal in 1986.
A. wins
B. had won
C. won
D. has won
98. I ……….in this town for 15 years. My family……….here when I
……..10 years old
A. have been/moved/was
B. was/moved/was

C. was/have moved/ have been
D. was/moved/have
been
99. Thousands of people………..this exhibition by the end of the month.
A. will see
B. are going to see
C. will have seen
D. are seeing
100. She told me that her family………in that town long.
A. lived
B. have lived
C. had lived
D.
are
living
II. Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence
(A, B, C, or D):
1) He ____ for London one year ago.
A. left
B. has left
C. leaves
D. had left
2) She ____ in Hue for twenty years.
A. lives
B. has lived
C. lived
D. will live
3) I ____ to the market with my mother yesterday.
A. go
B. went

C. have gone
D. was going
4) What ____ you ____, Nam? – I’m thinking of my mother.
A. do/think
B. are/thinking
C. have/thought D.
were/thinking
5) How long ____ you ____ her? – For five months.
A. do/know
B. are/knowing
C. have/known D. had/known
6) I usually ____ to school by bus.
A. went
B. am going
C. go
D. have gone
7) Yesterday morning I ____ up at 6.30.
A. got
B. get
C. was getting D. had got
8) Please don’t make so much noise. I ____.
A. studying
B. study
C. am studying D. studied
9) Water ____ at 100 degrees Celsius.
A. boils
B. boiled
C. is boiling
D. will boil
13

10) It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago. So it ____ for two
hours.
A. rains
B. is raining
C. has rained
D. rained
11) ____ you ____ out last night?
A. Did/go
B. Do/go
C. Have/gone
D. Were/going
12) This house ____ 35,000 pounds in 1980.
A. costs
B. cost
C. had cost
D. was cost
13) While Tom ____ tennis, Ann ____ a shower.
A. played/took
B. playing/taking
C. was playing/was taking
D. was play/was take
14) Mike is playing chess. How long ____ he ____?
A. did/play
B. is/playing
C. has/play
D. has/been
playing
15) When they ____ in the garden, the phone ____.

A. worked/was ringing
B. were working/rangC.
worked/rang
D. work/rings
16) After they ____ their breakfast, they ____ shopping yesterday.
A. have/go
B. had had/go
C. had/had gone
D. had
had/went
17) They ____ tea when the doorbell ____.
A. have/is ringing B. were having/rang
C. had had/
rang
D. having/ringing
18) Father ____ his pipe while mother ____ a magazine.
A. smoked/read
B. had smoked/read
C. was smoking/was reading
D. smoking/reading
19) When I ____ into the office, my boss ____ for me.
A. came/was waiting
B. was coming/waited
C. had come/waited
D. came/waiting
20) When I ____ Brian, he ____ a taxi.
A. see/drives
B. see/was driving
C. saw/was
driving

D. saw/is driving
21) When he ____, we ____ dinner.
A. arrived/having B. arrived/were having
C. was arriving/had
D. had arrived/had
22) While they ____ chess, we ____ the shopping.
A. playing/doing
B. were playing/doing
C. played/did
D. were playing/were doing
23) They ____ football when the lights in the stadium ____ out.
A. were playing/went
B. played/was
going
C. were playing/ was going
D. playing/went
24) While George and John ____ their room, she ____ the ironing.
A. cleaning/doing
B. were cleaning/was doing
14


C. were cleaning/doing
D.
cleaning/was doing
25) Today is Thursday and she ____ late twice this week. She ____ late
yesterday and on Monday.
A. is/was
B. has been/is
C. has been/was

D. has
been/had been
26) He ____ in the same house since 1975.
A. has lived
B. is living
C. lived
D. had lived
27) We ____ him since he ____ married.
A. didn’t see/got B. haven’t seen/got
C. don’t/get
D. hadn’t seen/got
28) It ____ for two hours and the ground is too wet to play tennis.
A. is raining
B. had rained
C. has rained
D. was raining
29) He ____ to HCMC last year and I ____ him since then.
A. moved/didn’t see
B. moves/haven’t seen
C.
moved/haven’t seen D. moved/hadn’t seen
30) We ____ what to do with the money yet.
A. not decide
B. didn’t decide C. haven’t decided D. hadn’t
decided
31) My father ____ as a teacher for thirty years.
A. works
B. is working
C. worked
D. has worked

32) He ____ to New York three times this year.
A. had been
B. was
C. has been
D. is
33) I ____ how to dance when I ____ six years old.
A. don’t know / was
B. didn’t know / am
C. didn’t know / was
D. haven’t known/was
34) Last month my brother ____ me his photos. He ____ me his photos
every year.
A. sends/sent
B. sent/sends
C. sent/sent
D.
sends/sends
35) Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he ____ carelessly.
A. drove
B. had driven
C. drives
D. was driving
36) Do you like swimming, Ba? – I ____ when I was a child but not now.
A. do
B. did
C. have done
D. had done
37) I ____ her at the school gate yesterday.
A. met
B. meet

C. had met
D. am meeting
38) She ____ English when she was six years old.
A. learned
B. has learned
C. is learning
D. had learned
39) I don’t remember where and when I ____ her.
A. meet
B. had met
C. met
D. have met
40) They ____ to know each other for more than ten years.
A. get
B. got
C. have got
D. had got
41) ____ you ____ that film yet?
15


A. Do/see
B. Have/seen
C. Did/see
D. Had/seen
42) I ____ the film with my friends last week.
A. watched
B. watch
C. have watched
D. had

watched
43) He ____ up at five every morning.
A. is getting
B. got
C. gets
D. was getting
44) ____ she ____ in Hue at the moment?
A. Does/live
B. Is/living
C. Did/live
D. Was/living
45) He usually __ her at weekend but now he __ in bed because
of his severe illness.
A. visits/stays
B. visits/staying C. visited/stays D. visits/is
staying
46) Don’t make noise, children! Parents ____.
A. sleep
B. are sleeping
C. were sleeping
D. slept
47) Why ____ you often ____ so much noise in the house?
A. do/make
B. did/make
C. are/making
D.
were/making
48) What ____ he ____ before you came?
A. does/do
B. had/do

C. had/done
D. has/done
49) While mum was watching TV, I ____ my homework.
A. am doing
B. was doing
C. had done
D. has done
50) At this time yesterday I ____ to music.
A. listened
B. had listened
C. was listening D. am
listening
51) What ____ he ____ at 4 P.m. last Sunday?
A. did/do
B. was/do
C. had/done
D.
was/ doing
52) When I ____ a little girl, I used to climb trees and go swimming in
the river with my friends.
A. am
B. was
C. have been D. had been
53) Last year he came here and ____ me to marry him but I ____ too
young to get married.
A. asked/ was B. asks/am
C. had asked/was
D.
has asked/am
54) How long ____ you ____ novels?

A. have/write
B. do/write
C. have written
D.
are/writing
55) ____ you sometimes ____ out with friends?
A. Are/going
B. do/ go
C. Have/gone
D. Did/go
56) I ____ a lot of badminton recently.
A. play
B. have played C. am playing
D. was playing
57) When I ____ home, everyone ____ TV.
16


A. got/watch B. got/watching
C. get/was watch
D.
got/ was watching
58) We ____ your mother for ages.
A. don’t see
B. haven’t seen
C. didn’t see D. hadn’t
seen
59) London ____ a lot since we first ____ to live here.
A. changed/came
B. has changed/ came

C. had changed/ came
D. has changed/ come
60) How many times ____ you ____ this film? – The first time.
A. have/ seen
B. did/see
C. do/see
D.
had/seen
II. Choose the part in each sentence (A, B,C, or D ) that needs correcting.
61) Yesterday David was crossing (A) a street when (B) a truck was turning (C) a corner
very fast and almost hit (D) him.
62) When Rita will get (A) her driver’s license next week (B), she will be able (C) to drive
to school everyday (D).
63) So far (A) she spends (B) a lot of time there (C) chatting with (D) her friends.
64) Jack is living (A) in Spain now (B). His Spanish had improved (C) greatly since he
moved (D) there.
65) Last month(A) while we watched(B) an exciting game on(C) television in our living
room, the electricity went out (D).
66) I’m sure (A) they have completed (B) the new (C) road by (D) June.
67) At (A) this time tomorrow (B), they will do (C) their homework with their (D)
brothers.
68) We have seen (A) and tell (B) you the situation next (C) Monday. Please wait for (D)
us.
69) Our (A) teacher explained (B) that lesson to (C) us tomorrow (D).
70) We will wait (A) for you when (B) you will get (C) back tomorrow (D).
71) I will practise(A) my English lesson with(B) my classmate at(C) 7pm next(D)
Sunday.
72) When I see (A) Mr Pike tomorrow (B), I remind (C) him of (D) that.
73) He works(A) on the(B) report at(C) this time tomorrow(D).
74) Please (A) sit here (B) and wait until (C) the manager will return (D).

75) Our parents arrived (A) next Wednesday. I’m sure we will receive (B) a lot of (C)
presents from (D) them.
76) I gave (A) him your message (B) and letter when (C) I see him (D).
77) By (A) the time you arrive (B), I finish (C) writing an (D) essay.
78) We will be going (A) home as soon (B) as we have finished (C) our work (D).
79) Mr Green has taught (A) English this school since (B) he graduates (C) from the
university in (D)1986.
80) At (A) 7 yesterday morning (B) when I arrive (C) at his house, he was still sleeping
(D)
17


MỘT SỐ CÁCH PHÁT ÂM CƠ BẢN
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S" CUỐI: trong trường hợp danh từ số nhiều nhiều
hoặc động từ số ít.
/s/

Khi đi sau các phụ âm sau: /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ ,//. Hoặc các chữ cái: f, k,
p, t, th.
Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books...

/ iz /

Khi đi sau các âm sau: /s/, /∫/, / t∫/, /z/, / ʒ,/, /ʤ /,. Hoặc các chữ cái: s,
x, z, ch, sh, ce, ge, se
Ex: washes , kisses , oranges…..

/z /

Không thuộc hai loại trên. Ex: bags , kids , days …

Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ “s” phát âm /s/, nhưng có những ngoại lệ cần nhớ:
- Chữ “s” đọc / z /sau các từ :busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert,
choose, reason, preserve, poison..
-Chữ “s” đọc / ∫ / sau các từ: sugar, sure
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI: Đây là hình thức Past tense và Past participle:
1. “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d. Ex: wanted; decided
2. “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫ , / hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch, gh.
Ex: asked; stopped; laughed...
3. “-ed ” pronounced as / d /: Trừ 2 trường hợp trên: Ex: moved; played; raised, used,
Ngọai lệ: Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved,
blessed, naked, wicked, dogged, sacred, hatred, rugged, .....
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI: Đây là hình thức Past tense và Past participle:
1. “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d. Ex: wanted; decided
2. “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫ , / hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch, gh.
Ex: asked; stopped; laughed...
3. “-ed ” pronounced as / d /: Trừ 2 trường hợp trên: Ex: moved; played; raised, used,
Ngọai lệ: Đi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved,
blessed, naked, wicked, dogged, sacred, hatred, rugged, .....

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2: CÁC CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ (PHRASES AND
CLAUSES)

18


1. Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ (Phrase and clause of concession)
a. Cụm từ
Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ thường được bắt đầu bằng giới từ ‘In spite of’ hoặc ‘Despite’
 Cấu trúc:

In spite of/ Despite + Noun/ Noun phrase/
V-ing

Ví dụ:
Despite the bad weather, they enjoyed the picnic.
In spite of his old age, he leads an active life.
 Chú ý:
Cụm từ có ‘Despite’ hoặc ‘In spite of’ có thể được đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính. Nếu đứng trước
mệnh đề chính, ta phải thêm dấu phẩy vào trước mệnh đề chính, nếu đứng sau mệnh đề chính, ta
khơng cần thêm dấu phẩy.
Ví dụ:
She couldn’t pass the exam despite studying hard.
Despite studying hard, she couldn’t pass the exam.
b. Mệnh đề
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ là mệnh đề phụ chỉ sự tương phản của 2 hành động trong câu.
Mệnh đề này thường bắt đầu với những từ nối: although, though, even though, no matter, whatever
(dù, cho dù)
❖ Although, though, even though
 Cấu trúc:
Although/ though/ even though +
S+V

Ví dụ:
Although he is intelligent, he can’t do this puzzle.
She couldn’t win the beauty contest even though she was beautiful.
 Chú ý:
- Đăng sau 3 cụm từ này phải là một mệnh đề hồn chỉnh (có cả chủ ngữ và động từ).
- Các mệnh đề này có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính. Nếu đứng trước mệnh đề chính, ta
phải thêm dấu phấy vào trước mệnh đề chính, nếu đứng sau mệnh đề chính, ta khơng cần thêm dấu
phẩy.

Ví dụ:
Although the weather was cold, they enjoyed the picnic.
Jane will be admitted to the university even though she has bad grades.
Anna was fond of Jim though he often annoyed her.
 No matter, whatever
 Cấu trúc:
No matter + who/ what/ when/ where/ why/ how (adj, adv) + S + V
= Whoever/ Whatever (+N)/ whenever/ whereever/ whyever/ however (adj/ adv) + S + V,
Ví dụ:
No matter who you are, I love you.
= Whoever you are, I still love you.
Whatever he says, I don’t believe him
= No matter what he say, I don’t believe him.
 Chú ý:

19


Mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng No matter hoặc Whatever thường được đặt trước mệnh đề chính, mang nghĩa
‘dù ... đi nữa’
2. Phrase and clause of reason (Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ lý do)
a. Cụm từ
Cụm từ chỉ lý do thường được bắt đầu bằng: because of, owing to, due to, as a result of, on account of,
Because of
 Cấu trúc:
becaus
e of
owing
to
due to

+
Noun/ Noun phrase/
V-ing on account of
as a result of
 Chú ý:
- Cụm từ thường được sử dụng nhất là because of.
- Các cụm từ này có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính, mang nghĩa là ‘vì, do’. Nếu đứng
trước mệnh đề chính, ta phải thêm dấu phẩy vào trước mệnh đề chính, nếu đứng sau mệnh đề chính, ta
khơng cần thêm dấu phấy.
Ví dụ:
Jane was late because of the rain.
= Because of the rain, Jane was late.
Because of the traffic jam, the students arrived late.
The project has to be abandoned due to a lack of government
funding. Owing to his illness, he could not continue with his
studies.
She dies as a result of her injuries.
b. Mệnh đề
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do là một mệnh đề phụ chỉ lý do hoặc nguyên nhân của hành động được nêu
trong mệnh đề chính. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do thường được nối với mệnh đề chính nhờ các từ nối
như: because, since, as.
 Chú ý:
- since và as thường đặt ở đầu câu khi người nghe đã biết rõ nguyên nhân hoặc nguyên nhân không
quá quan trọng.
- because là từ nối được sử dụng phổ biến nhất
 Cấu trúc:
Because/ Since/ As + S + V
Ví dụ:
He came ten minutes late because he missed the first bus.
As the weather was bad, they didn’t take part in the trip.

3. Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ kết quả
a. Cụm từ chỉ kết quả
❖ too ... to V (quá... không thể làm điều gì).
 Cấu trúc:
S + be/ V + too + adj/ adv + to V

20


Ví dụ:
He is too short to play basketball.
Tom ran too slowly to become the winner of the race.
This book is too dull for you to read.
 Lưu ý: Cấu trúc này thường dùng với nghĩa phủ định.
 enough ... to V (đủ.....để có thể làm điều gì đó)
 Cấu trúc:
S + be/ V + adj/ adv + enough + to
V dụ:
Ví
Marry isn't old enough to drive a car.
She speaks Spanish well enough to be an interpreter.
It is cold enough to wear a heavy jacket.
b. Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả
Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả là mệnh đề phụ được dùng đề chỉ kết quả do hành động của mệnh đề chính gây ra:
❖ so ... that (quá ... đến nỗi)
S + be/ V + so + adj/ adv + that + S
+ dụ:
V
Ví
It was so dark that I couldn't see anything.

The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.
 Chú ý: Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính là các động từ chỉ tri giác như look, appear, seem, feel,
taste, smell, sound,... ta dùng công thức với động từ to be.
Ví dụ:
The little girl looks so unhappy that we all feel sorry for her.
The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
Nếu trong câu có many, much, few, little thì ta có cấu trúc:
Với danh từ đếm được số nhiều:
S + V + so + many/ few + plural countable noun +
that + S + V
Ví dụ:
The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
I had so few ion offers that is wasn't difficult to select one.
There are so many people in the room that I feel tired.
Với danh từ không đếm đưọc:
S + V + so + much/ little + uncountable noun
+ that + S + V

Ví dụ:
He has invested so much money in the project that he can't abandon it now.
The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.
 Chú ý: Một cấu trúc khác của so ... that
S + V + so + adj + a + singular countable
Ví dụ:noun + that...
It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
It was so interesting a book that he couldn't put it down.
 such ... that (quá ... đến nỗi)
S + V + such + (a/an) + adj + N + that
21
+S+V

Ví dụ:
It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at home.
She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
There are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
It is such an intelligent boy that we all admire him.
This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.
4. Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ mục đích
a. Cụm từ
Khẳng định
S + V + to/ in order to/ so as to + V
Phủ định

S + V + in order not to/ so as not to + V

Ví dụ:
He went to France to study French.
He does morning exercises in order to improve his health.
She is hurrying so as not to miss the bus.
 Chú ý: Giới từ for cũng dùng để chỉ mục đích
- For + Noun: cũng có thể được dùng để nói đến mục đích của ai khi làm việc gì đó.
Ví dụ: I went to the store for some bread.
- For + O + to-inf. dùng để nói đến mục đích liên quan hành động của người khác
Ví dụ: I gave him my address. I wanted him to write to me.
 I gave him my address for him to write to me.
b.

Mệnh đề
Khẳng định

S + V + so that/ in order that + S + will/ can/ would/ could + V

Phủ định

S + V + so that/ in order that + S + will/ can/ would/ could + not + V

Ví dụ:
I’ll try my best to study English so that I can find a better
job. I put the milk in the fridge in order that it won’t spoil.
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Exercise 1: Change from in spite of/ despite although/though/even though.
1. Despite my warning, they went ahead with their plan.

2. They went swimming in spite of the coldness of the water.

3. In spite of being bad at pool, she beat him three times in a row.

4. She decided to go abroad for a year despite loving her boyfriend very much.

5. He went on holiday to Thailand in spite of the expensive airfare.

6. Socrates never had much money despite being very famous in his own day.

7. His career did not really take off despite his ambitions.

8. They managed to work together despite their differences of opinion.

22


9. Despite my headache I enjoyed the film.

10. Despite having enough money, he refused to buy a new car.

Exercise 2: Change from although/ though/ even though in spite of/ despite, starting as available.
1. Although he was tired, he walked to the
station. Despite
2. Although it was noisy, the children slept
well. The children
3. Though Linda earned a low salary, she gave money to her
parents. In spite of
4. Tom went to work even though he didn’t feel very
well. Tom
5. Their new product turned out to be a success though the market studies were
pessimistic. Their
6. Julie failed the exam though she worked very
hard. Julie
7. Although John got the highest result in the class, he still had problems with the
teacher. In spite of
8. Although it was difficult, they managed to climb to the top of the
mountain. In spite of
9. Even though he is a little overweight, he is actually
quite fit. Despite
10. Although politicians are necessary for democracy, they are still liars and
thieves. In spite of
Exercise 3: Circle the correct answers.
1. Valencia is a fantastic place although/ despite being too hot in July and August
2. Cars are very useful in the city though/ in spite of they are expensive.

3. She’s a great person in spite of/ even though getting jealous over stupid things sometimes
4. In spite of/ despite of getting the highest result in the class, John still had problems with the teacher
5. The best things in life are free though/ even though love is often very expensive
6. I phone my brother in Thailand using Skype nearly every day despite/ though the time difference.
7. In spite/ In spite of losing her way twice, she arrived safely.
8. Although/ in spite of the fact the sun was shining, the water was cold.
9. Despite/ although he being hard working, Kevin failed the examination.
10. We stayed up late, in spite of/ although we were tired.
Exercise 4: Choose the correct answers.
1. Tom wakes his parents up
playing the guitar very softly.
A. because
B. in spite of
C. because of
D. although
2. Many people believe him
he often tells a lie.
A. because
B. in spite of
C. although
D. because of
3.
she was very hard working; she hardly earned enough to feed her family.
A. In spite of
B. Because
C. Because of
D. Although
4.
her poorness, she feels happy.
A. Although

B. Because
C. If
D. In spite of

23


5. I went to the club last Saturday
the heavy rain.
A. because of
B. because
C. in spite of
D. though
6. In spite of his hard work, he could not finish the job.
A. As hard as he work
B. Despite he worked hard
C. Though he worked hard
D. Although hard work
7. Despite the fact that it rained, we enjoyed our trip.
A. Because of the rain
B. Though it is raining
C. Despite of the heavy rain
D. Though it rained
8. Tom went to work although he didn’t feel very well.
A. that he did not feel very well
B. despite of the fact not feeling well
C. because he did not feel very well
D. despite not feeling very well
9. Although he is very old, he can walk to the station.
A. In spite of his old age

B. Despite his old age
C. Despite the fact that he is old
D. All are correct
10. I have tried hard but I can’t earn enough money.
A. Although I have tried hard, but I can’t earn enough money.
B. Although I have tried hard, I can’t earn enough money.
C. In spite of I have tried hard, I can’t earn enough money.
D. Despite I have tried hard, but I can’t earn enough money.
11. She stayed at home because her mother was sick.
A. Despite her sick mother, she stayed at home.
B. Because of her sick mother, she stayed at home.
C. In spite of her sick mother, she stayed at home.
D. A & C are correct.
12. Although he took a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert.
A. Bill arrived late for the concert because he takes a taxi.
B. Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi.
C. In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert.
D. Although Bill took a taxi, he can’t come to the concert in time.
13. In spite of his suffering from a bad cold, William went to school.
A. Although William suffers from a bad cold, he went to school.
B. Although William suffered from a bad cold, he went to school.
C. William went to school although he is suffering from a bad cold.
D. William went to school; he suffered from a bad cold although.
14. Despite the fact that it was snowing, I felt warm.
A. In spite snowing, I felt warm.
B. In spite of feeling warm, it was snowing.
C. Although it was snowing, I felt warm.
D. Although I felt warm, it was snowing.
15. Though he tried hard, he didn’t succeed.
A. Despite he tried hard, he didn’t succeed.

B. In spite of he tried hard, he didn’t succeed.
C. In spite of trying hard, he didn’t succeed.
D. Even though he tried hard, but he didn’t succeed.
Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences keeping the same meaning.
1. Although she didn’t want to see The Lord of the Rings, she enjoyed it in the end.

2. They visited Madrid although they didn’t have time to visit El Prado.

3. Although it was raining, we decided to go anyway.


24


4.

5.

6.

7.

The English actor Oliver Reed was often rude to people although he was always kind to animals.
Although he behaved badly, he wasn’t punished.
Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.
Although it was raining heavily, we played the match as planned.


8. Although my doctor had told me to stay in bed I went to work.


9. Although he takes a lot of exercises, he’s fat.

10. Although I had practiced for hours on end, my first golf ball ended up in the trees.

Exercise 6: Rewrite the sentences with no matter + wh-question word or wh- question word + ever.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
makes you disappointed, please let it go. she is, he still loves
her.
you are tired, you can sleep immediately. you told lies, I still
cannot forgive you.
beautiful you are, I still consider you as my sister. you need, I will
stand by you.
you go, you must be home before 10.
you have done, he still does not believe you. tired I was, I didn’t
sleep.
you come from, I still consider you as my family.
2.2
: PHRASE AND CLAUSE OF REASON
Exercise 1: Choose the correct answers.
1. He got wet
he forgot his umbrella.

A. because of
B. because
C. but
D. and
2. He stops working
heavy raining.
A. in spite of
B. although
C. despite
D. because of
3. They have a lot of difficulties in their life
their poverty.
A. in spite of
B. although
C. because
D. because of
4. Jill and Jolly were happy
it was their both birthday party that day.
A. because
B. even though
C. spite of
D. Despite

25