Tải bản đầy đủ (.pptx) (43 trang)

Bài giảng môn Tiếng Anh (Khối 12)

Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (505.94 KB, 43 trang )

<span class='text_page_counter'>(1)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=1>

<b>SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO AN GIANG</b>



<b>ĐÀI PHÁT THANH – TRUYỀN HÌNH AN GIANG</b>



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(2)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=2>

<b>TOPICS</b>



<b>I. SOUNDS</b>


<b>II. STRESS</b>



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(3)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=3>

<b>I. SOUND</b>



<b>1. ‘</b>

<b>s</b>

<b>’, ‘</b>

<b>es</b>

<b>’, ‘</b>

<b>ed</b>

<b>’ </b>



<b>2. “</b>

<b>ea</b>

<b>”</b>



<b>3. “</b>

<b>ow</b>

<b>”</b>



<b>4. “</b>

<b>oa</b>

<b>”</b>



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(4)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=4>

<b>DẠNG 1: CÁCH PHÁT ÂM PHỤ ÂM</b>


<b>1/ Cách phát âm đuôi </b><i><b>– “ed”</b></i>


<b>/id/</b> <b>/ t/</b> <b>/d/</b>


<b>/t/ , /d/</b> <b>(/k/ , /t∫/, /s/, /∫/, /p/, </b>
<b>/f/)</b>


<b>(gh /f/: cough, laugh)</b>


<b>những trường hợp </b>


<b>còn lại</b>


<b>wanted, </b>
<b>decided</b>


<b>…</b>


<b>danced, kicked, watched, </b>
<b>missed, washed, stopped, </b>


<b>fixed, laughed …</b>


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(5)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=5>

<b>DẠNG 1: CÁCH PHÁT ÂM PHỤ ÂM</b>


<b>1/ Cách phát âm đuôi </b><i><b>– “s”; “es”</b></i>


<b>/iz/</b> <b>/s/</b> <b>/z/</b>


<b>(/s/, /ʃ/, </b>


<b>/tʃ/,/dʒ/, /ʒ/) </b> <b>(/f/, /t/, /k/, /p/, /θ/ )</b> <b>những trường hợp còn lại</b>
<b>practices, boxes, </b>


<b>misses, washes, </b>
<b>watches, changes, </b>
<b>quizzes …</b>


<b>books, lamps, </b>
<b>coughs, laughs, </b>
<b>months, sits …</b>



<b>teachers, studies, </b>
<b> explains, schools</b>


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(6)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=6>

<b>DẠNG 2: CÁCH PHÁT ÂM NGUYÊN ÂM</b>


<b>2/ Cách phát âm: </b><i><b>– “ea”</b></i>


<b>/e/</b>

<b>/ei/</b>

<b>/i:/</b>



<b>dead, head, deaf, </b>


<b>health, ready, heavy, </b>
<b>breakfast, pleasure, </b>
<b>measure, weapon, </b>
<b>breath …</b>


<b> great, break, </b>
<b>steak, …</b>


<b>bean, beat, meal, </b>


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(7)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=7>

<b>DẠNG 2: CÁCH PHÁT ÂM NGUYÊN ÂM</b>


<b>2/ Cách phát âm: </b><i><b>– “ea” (tiếp theo)</b></i>


<b>/ɜː/</b> <b>/eə/ </b> <b>/iə/ </b>


<b>heard, earth, early, </b>
<b>search, research …</b>



<b>bear, wear, </b>


<b>swear, tear (v) …</b>


<b>fear, year, tear (n), </b>
<b>clear, real, weary, </b>
<b>dreary, beard …</b>


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(8)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=8>

<b>DẠNG 2: CÁCH PHÁT ÂM NGUYÊN ÂM</b>


<b>3/ Cách phát âm : </b><i><b>– “ow”</b></i>


<b>/aʊ/</b> <b>/əʊ/</b>


<b>cow, brown, now, crown, </b>
<b>drown, plow, brow, allow, </b>
<b>tower, power, powder, </b>


<b>shower, fower…</b>


<b>throw, know, low, slow, </b>


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(9)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=9>

<b>DẠNG 2: CÁCH PHÁT ÂM NGUYÊN ÂM</b>


<b>4/ Cách phát âm : </b><i><b>– “oa”</b></i>


<b>/əʊ/</b> <b>/ɔː/</b>


<b> boat, load, coat, road, coal, </b>


<b>loan, goat, soap, coast, </b>


<b>toast …</b>


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(10)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=10>

<b>DẠNG 2: CÁCH PHÁT ÂM NGUYÊN ÂM</b>


<b>5/ Cách phát âm : </b><i><b>– “ou”</b></i>


<b>/ʊ/</b> <b>/u:/</b> <b>/ə/</b>


<b>could, would, should</b>
<b>…</b>


<b> group, souvenir, </b>
<b>wounded, </b>


<b>routine …</b>


<b>famous, </b>


<b>dangerous, </b>


<b>serious, generous, </b>
<b>tremendous, </b>


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(11)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=11>

<b>DẠNG 2: CÁCH PHÁT ÂM NGUYÊN ÂM</b>


<b>5/ Cách phát âm : </b><i><b>– “ou” (tiếp theo)</b></i>


<b>/ʌ/</b> <b>/əʊ/</b> <b>/aʊ/</b>



<b>trouble, couple, </b>
<b>country, cousin, </b>


<b>young, rough, touch, </b>
<b>tough, nourish, </b>


<b>fourish, southern, </b>
<b>enough, double …</b>


<b> soul, shoulder, </b>
<b>poultry …</b>


<b>mouse, account, </b>
<b>found, cloud, </b>


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(12)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=12>

<b>SOUND</b>

<b> “ed”</b>



<b>ĐỀ THI THPT QG 2019 – MÃ ĐỀ 401, 416, 421</b>


<b>Question 1:</b> <b>A.</b> combined <b>B. </b>travelled


<b> C. </b>behaved <b>D. </b>practised


<b>Question 2: A. </b>cancelled <b>B. </b>followed


<b> C. </b>performed <b>D. </b>discussed


<b>Question 3: A.</b> threatened <b>B. </b>promised<b> </b>



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(13)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=13>

<b>SOUND: </b>

<b>“ou”, “ea”</b>


<b>ĐỀ THI THPT QG 2019 – MÃ ĐỀ 401, 416, 421</b>


<b>Question 4:</b> <b>A. </b>touch <b>B. </b>round


<b> C. </b>ground <b>D. </b>shout


<b>Question 5: A. </b>teach <b>B. </b>speak


<b> C. </b>leave <b>D. </b>learn


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(14)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=14>

<b>II. STRESS </b>



<b>1. TWO-SYLLABLE WORDS</b>


<b>2. THREE-SYLLABLE WORDS</b>



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(15)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=15>

<b>1. Nhóm âm tiết nhận dấu nhấn </b>


<b>Nhóm âm</b> <b> ví du</b> <b> ngoại l ê</b>


<b>- ee</b> degree, referee , agree employee,
committee,
coffee


<b>- ese</b> Vietnamese, Japanese , Chinese


<b>- ain</b> contain, remain, obtain


<b>- ique</b> technique, unique, boutique



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(16)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=16>

<b>2. Nhóm âm tiết có dấu nhấn đứng trước</b>


<b>Nhóm âm</b> <b> ví du</b> <b> ngoại l ê</b>


- <b>ion</b> protection, impression


television


<b>- ic(al)</b> economic, physical


catholic, politics


<b>- ian</b> musician, physician


<b>- ity/ ety</b> activity, variety


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(17)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=17>

<b>2. Nhóm âm tiết có dấu nhấn đứng trước (tiếp theo)</b>


<b>Nhóm âm</b> <b> ví du</b> <b> ngoại l ê</b>


- <b>itive</b> sensitive, competitive


<b>- logy/ logist</b> biology/ biologist


<b>- graphy/ grapher</b> photography, photographer


<b>- ient/ ience</b> ancient, convenience


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(18)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=18>

<b>3. Dấu nhấn nằm ở từ gốc không phụ thuộc tiền tố và hậu tố </b>



<b>Từ gốc</b> <b>Tiền tố</b> <b>H u tốâ</b>


<b>danger</b> en-danger


danger-ous


<b>possible</b> im-possible


possib-ly


<b>correct</b> in-correct


correct-ive


<b>happy</b> un-happy


happi-ness


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(19)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=19>

<b>3. Dấu nhấn nằm ở từ gốc không phụ thuộc tiền tố và hậu tố </b>


Những tiền tố và


h u tố không

â


nh n dâu nhân

â



thương g p

ă



<b>Tiền tố</b> <b>H u tốâ</b>


en- / re- <sub>-</sub><sub>ful</sub><sub>/ -</sub><sub>less</sub>



im- / in- / un- / ir-


mis-/ dis-/ non-
mang nghĩa phủ
định


-able/ - ible


-al/ -ous/ -ive/ -ly


-ment/ -ness


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(20)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=20>

<b>4. Nhóm âm ở một số động từ 3 âm tiết có dấu nhấn ở vị trí thứ nhất:</b>


<b>Nhóm âm</b> <b> ví du</b>


-<b>fy/ -ify</b> sa-tis-fy, beaut-i-fy


<b>-ize/ -ise</b> re-cogn-ize, or-gan-ise


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(21)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=21>

<b>STRESS IN THREE-SYLLABLE WORDS </b>


<b>ĐỀ THI THPT QG 2019 – MÃ ĐỀ 401, 416, 421</b>


<b>Question 1:</b> <b>A.</b> solution <b>B. </b>principal


<b> C. </b>passenger <b>D. </b>continent


<b>Question 2: A. </b>chemical <b>B. </b>terrific


<b> C. </b>general <b>D. </b>beautiful



<b>Question 3: A. </b>holiday <b>B.</b> summary


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(22)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=22>

<b>STRESS IN TWO-SYLLABLE WORDS </b>


<b>ĐỀ THI THPT QG 2019 – MÃ ĐỀ 401, 416, 421</b>


<b>Question 4:</b> <b>A.</b> consist <b>B.</b> carry


<b> C.</b> remove <b>D.</b> protect


<b>Question 5: A.</b> glisten <b>B.</b> provide


<b> C.</b> repeat <b>D.</b> collect


<b>Question 6: A.</b> delete <b>B.</b> study


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(23)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=23>

<b>III. WORD FORM</b>



<b>1. WORD FORMATION</b>


<b>2. LINKING VERBS</b>



<b>3. POSITIONS:</b>



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(24)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=24>

<b>1. WORD FORMATION</b>


<b>PARTS OF </b>


<b> SPEECH</b> <b>FORMATIONWORD </b> <b>EXAMPLES</b>
<b>ADVERB</b> Adjective + ly



carefully, beautifully, quickly


<b>ADJECTIVE</b>


Noun + ful/less <sub>harm</sub><sub>ful</sub><sub>, harm</sub><sub>less</sub><sub>, care</sub><sub>ful</sub><sub>, care</sub><sub>less</sub>
Noun + ous <sub>danger</sub><sub>ous</sub><sub>, fam</sub><sub>ous</sub><sub>, poison</sub><sub>ous</sub>


Noun/verb + able


comfortable, valuable, changeable
Noun + al <sub>industri</sub><sub>al</sub><sub>, natur</sub><sub>al</sub><sub>, nation</sub><sub>al</sub>


Verb + ive <sub>act</sub><sub>ive</sub><sub>, attract</sub><sub>ive</sub><sub>, impress</sub><sub>ive</sub>
Verb + ing <sub>interest</sub><sub>ing</sub><sub>, bor</sub><sub>ing</sub><sub>, tir</sub><sub>ing</sub>
Verb + ed


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(25)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=25>

<b>1. WORD FORMATION (cont.)</b>


<b>PARTS OF </b>


<b> SPEECH</b> <b>FORMATIONWORD </b> <b>EXAMPLES</b>


<b>NOUN</b>


Verb + ion/ation <sub>prevent</sub><sub>ion</sub><sub>, conserv</sub><sub>ation</sub>
Verb + ment <sub>employ</sub><sub>ment</sub><sub>, develop</sub><sub>ment</sub>
Verb + er/ or <sub>employ</sub><sub>er</sub><sub>, interview</sub><sub>er</sub><sub>, visit</sub><sub>or</sub>
Verb + ee <sub>employ</sub><sub>ee</sub><sub>, interview</sub><sub>ee</sub>


Noun + ist/ ian <sub>scient</sub><sub>ist</sub><sub>, music</sub><sub>ian</sub>


Adjective + ness <sub>happi</sub><sub>ness</sub><sub>, sad</sub><sub>ness</sub>
Adjective + ity <sub>abil</sub><sub>ity</sub><sub>, national</sub><sub>ity</sub>
Adjective ( ending in


“t”- ce Importance (important ), difference (different)


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(26)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=26>

<b>1. WORD FORM (cont.)</b>


<b>PARTS OF </b>


<b> SPEECH</b> <b>FORMATIONWORD </b> <b>EXAMPLES</b>


<b>VERB</b>


en + noun/ adjective


endanger, enrich
adjective + en


widen, blacken


adjective + ize/ise


modernize, industrialize


noun + ify


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(27)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=27>

<b>1. WORD FORMATION (cont.)</b>
<b>NOTES: </b>



<b>1. SOME ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS HAVE THE SAME FORM AND </b>
<b>MEANING. </b>


<b>1. Late – late</b>


<b>2. Hard – hard</b>


<b>3. Early – early</b>


<b>4. Fast - fast</b>


<b>2. SOME ADVERBS HAVE THE SAME PARTS OF SPEECH BUT THE </b>
<b>DIFFERENT MEANING. </b>


<b>1. Late – lately</b>


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(28)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=28>

<b>WORD FORM (cont.)</b>



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(29)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=29>

<b>ADJ or ADV</b>



<sub>The castle looks beautiful / beautifully.</sub>


<sub> </sub>

<sub>L</sub>

<sub>inking Verb </sub>

<sub>+ ADJ</sub>



<sub>The girl dances beautifully / beautiful.</sub>


<sub> </sub>

<sub>A</sub>

<sub>ction Verb </sub>

<sub>+ ADV</sub>



<b>ADVERB OR ADJECTIVE</b>



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(30)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=30>

<b>PARTS OF SPEECH</b>




<b>3. POSITIONS:</b>



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(31)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=31>

<b>POSITIONS OF THE PARTS OF SPEECH</b>


<b>1. ADVERBS</b>



<b>a. S + V + (O).</b>



<b>b. </b>

<b>ADV</b>

<b>, S + </b>

<b>ADV</b>

<b> + V + (O) (</b>

<b>ADV</b>

<b>) + </b>

<b>ADV</b>

<b>.</b>



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(32)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=32>

<b>POSITIONS OF THE PARTS OF SPEECH</b>


<b>2. ADJECTIVES</b>



<b>a. S + LINKING VERB + </b>

<b>ADJ</b>

<b>. </b>



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(33)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=33>

<b>POSITIONS OF THE PARTS OF SPEECH</b>


<b>3. NOUN</b>



<b>Noun phrase</b>

<b>: (a/an/the) </b>

<b>ADV</b>

<b> + </b>

<b>ADJ</b>

<b> + </b>

<b>N</b>



<b> </b>

<b>a. Determiner/ Possessive Adjective + </b>

<b>N</b>



<b> b. Determiner/ Possessive Adjective + </b>

<b>ADJ</b>

<b> + </b>

<b>N</b>



<b> c. Determiner/ Possessive Adjective +</b>

<b> ADV+ADJ</b>

<b>+ </b>

<b>N</b>



<b> d. </b>

<b>N</b>

+ preposition +

<b>N</b>



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(34)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=34>

<b>POSITIONS OF THE PARTS OF SPEECH</b>


<b> 4. VERB</b>




<b> a. S + </b>

<b>V</b>

<b><sub>(1)</sub></b>

<b>+ (O) </b>



<b> => </b>

<b>V</b>

<b><sub>(1)</sub></b>

<b> tense </b>

<b>(active & passive)</b>


<b> b. S + </b>

<b>V</b>

<b><sub>(1)</sub></b>

<b>+ </b>

<b>V</b>

<b><sub>(2)</sub></b>

<b> </b>

<b>+ (O) </b>



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(35)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=35>

<b>WORD FORM</b>



<b>ĐỀ THI THPT QG 2019 – MÃ ĐỀ 401, 416, 421</b>


<b> Question 1: </b>With his good sẹnse of humour, Martin is quite
_____ with the students.


<b> A. </b>popularity <b>B. </b>popular<b>C. </b>polularise <b>D. </b>popularly


<b> Question 2: </b>Laura came to _____ me for taking care
of her


dog when she was away.


<b> A. </b>thankfully <b>B. </b>thankful <b>C. </b>thank <b>D. </b>


thankfulness


<b> Question 3: </b>The candidate took a _____ breath
before he


walked into the interview room.


<b> A.</b> deep <b>B. </b>deepen <b> C. </b>deeply <b>D. </b>



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(36)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=36>

<b>WORD ORDER</b>



<b>ĐỀ THI THPT QG 2019 – MÃ ĐỀ 401, 416, 421</b>


<b>Question 1:</b> My mother gets up usually early to prepare


<b> A B</b>


breakfast for the whole family.


<b> C D</b>


<b>Question 2: </b>Jack cycles usually to work to avoid traffic jams at


<b> A B C</b>


rush hour.


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(37)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=37>

<b>WORD ORDER (cont.)</b>



<b>ĐỀ THI THPT QG 2019 – MÃ ĐỀ 401, 416, 421</b>


<b>Question 3:</b> The school year starts usually in late August in


<b> A</b> <b> B</b>


most parts of the country.


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(38)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=38>

<b>WORD FORM IN GAP-FILLING PASSAGE</b>




<b>ĐỀ THI THPT QG 2019 – MÃ ĐỀ 401, 416, 421</b>


... You also increase your chances of

(1)

______ by


learning according to your own needs and interests,


using all available resources….



<b>Question 1:</b>

<b>A. </b>

successfully

<b>B. </b>

successful



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(39)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=39>

<b>WORD FORM IN GAP-FILLING PASSAGE (cont.)</b>



<b>ĐỀ THI THPT QG 2019 – MÃ ĐỀ 401, 416, 421</b>


... From when they start in preschool, children spend


more time watching television than participating in


any other

(2)

______ except sleeping....



<b>Question 2</b>

:

<b>A.</b>

active

<b>B. </b>

activate



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(40)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=40>

<b>WORD FORM IN GAP-FILLING PASSAGE (cont.)</b>



<b>ĐỀ THI THPT QG 2019 – MÃ ĐỀ 401, 416, 421</b>


... Virtual classrooms will be multi-functional,


acting simultaneously as learning platforms, forum


and

(3)

_____ networks...



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(41)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=41>

I. SOUNDS


II. STRESS



III. WORD FORM




KÍNH CHÚC QUÝ PHỤ HUYNH VÀ CÁC EM


HỌC SINH NHIỀU SỨC KHỎE



</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(42)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=42>

<b>I. Mark the letter A, B, C,or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following </b>
<b>questions.</b>


• <b>Question 1.A.</b> office <b>B.</b> nature <b>C.</b> result<b>D.</b> farmer


• <b>Question 1.A.</b> answer<b>B.</b> reply<b>C.</b> singer <b>D.</b> future


• <b>Question 1.A.</b> doctor<b>B.</b> student<b>C.</b> advice <b>D.</b> parent


• <b>Question 2.A.</b> possible <b>B.</b> cultural<b>C.</b> confident <b>D.</b> supportive


• <b>Question 2.A.</b> difficult <b>B.</b> popular<b>C.</b> effective<b>D.</b> national


• <b>Question 2.A.</b>medical <b>B.</b> essential <b>C.</b> dangerous<b>D.</b> regular


• <b>Question 3:A.</b> combin<b>edB.</b> travell<b>ed</b> <b>C.</b> behav<b>edD.</b> practis<b>ed</b>


• <b>Question 3</b>: <b>A.</b> cancell<b>ed</b> <b>B.</b> follow<b>ed</b> <b>C.</b> perform<b>ed</b> <b>D.</b> discuss<b>ed</b>


• <b>Question 3</b>: <b>A.</b> threaten<b>ed</b> <b>B.</b> promis<b>ed </b> <b>C.</b> injur<b>ed</b> <b>D.</b> agre<b>ed</b>


<b>II. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.</b>


• <b>Question 18:</b> Participating in teamwork activities helps students develop their ______ skills.


• <b>A.</b> social <b>B.</b> society <b>C.</b> socially <b>D.</b> socialise



• <b>Question 18. </b>It is not always easy to make a good _________ at the last minute.


• <b>A.</b> decide <b>B</b>. decision<b>C</b>. decisive<b>D</b>. decisively


• <b>Question 18.</b> Travelling to _________ countries in the world enables me to learn many interesting things.


• <b>A.</b> differ<b>B.</b> difference <b>C.</b> differently <b>D.</b> different


• <b>Question 18.</b> In Vietnam, children begin their primary _________ at the age of six.


• <b>A.</b> educational <b>B.</b> educationally<b>C.</b> educate<b>D.</b> education


• <b>Question 18.</b> The success of the company in such a _________ market is remarkable.


• <b>A.</b> compete <b>B.</b> competitively<b>C.</b> competitive <b>D.</b> competition


</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(43)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=43>

<b>III. Mark the letter A, B, c or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs </b>
<b>correction ỉn each of the following questions.</b>


• <b>Question 31:</b> My mother gets up usually early to prepare breakfast for the whole family.


<b> A B C D</b>


• <b>Question 31</b>: Jack cycles usually to work to avoid traffic jams at rush hour.


<b> A B C D</b>


• <b>Question 31</b>: The school year starts usually in late August in most parts of the country.



<b> A B C D </b>


• <b>Question 31</b>: Reading books has been always my hobby since I was very young.


</div>

<!--links-->

×