GRADE 11 THEORY AND EXERCISES KEY

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UNIT 1 : FRIENDSHIP 
Tình bạn

A. V0CABULARY

1. acquaintance(n) người quen 6. enthusiasm (n) lòng nhiệt tình
2. incapable (of) khơng thể 7. loyalty (n) lịng trung thành, tính kiên định

 be loyal to trung thành
3. unselfish (a) khơng ích kỷ 8. suspicious (about/of) (a) nghi ngờ

 suspicion (n) sự nghi ngờ
4. give-and-take (a) sự cho và nhận 9. rumour(n) tin đồn, lời đồn
5. constancy (n) tính kiên định, kiên trì 10. gossip(n) tin đồn nhảm
11. quality (n) phẩm chất 16. caring (a) chu đáo
12. mutual (a) lẫn nhau 17. hospitable (a) hiếu khách
13. sympathy(n) sự thông cảm 18. helpful(a) đỡ đần
14. be concerned with (v) có liên quan đến 19. sincere (a) thành thật
15. secret (n) bí mật 20. humourous (a) hài hước
  sense of humour (n) tính hài hước 
21. quick-witted (a) nhanh trí 26. move (v) dời, di chuyển
22. apartment building (n) tòa trung cư 27. ride a motorbike (v) chạy xe máy
23. physical appearance (n) vẻ bề ngoài 28. play (n) vở kịch
24. personalities (n) = characteristics 29. help s.o through (v)giúp vượt qua khó khăn
(n) tính cách

25. Residential Area (n) khu dân cư 30. favourite (a) ưa thích
B. GRAMMAR

1. Infinitive with to
+ to express purpose.

+ after some verbs : manage, offer, decide, hope, promise, agree, plan, refuse,

threaten, arrange, fail, seem, appear, tend, pretend, wish, would like, …..
+ after some structures :

It takes/ took + O + time+ to inf
too… to / enough … to

It + be + adj + to inf
2. Infinitive without to
+ after make , let, help

+ after modal verbs :can, could, will, should,….
+ after sense verbs: hear, feel, watch, see, notice,…
+ after had better, would rather, …

C. Exercises

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

1. A. cheese B. children C. chemical D. teacher

2. A. game B. bridge C. against D. garage

3. A. holiday B. hospital C. constancy D. joke

4. A. life B. decide C. lived D. provide

5. A. house B. hour C. horse D. how

II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

1. A. loyalty B. constancy C. acquaintance D. confidence

2. A. unselfish B. sympathy C. quality D. principle

3. A. loyal B. mutual C. secret D. sincere

4. A. suspicion B. introduce C. successful D. appearance

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III. Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

acquaintance mutual give-and-take suspicious
loyal to unselfish incapable of friend

1. Good friendship should be based on _____ mutual __________ understanding.

2. The children seem to be _____ incapable of_________ working quietly by themselves.
3. He is a(n) __unselfish _man.He always helps people without thinking of his own benefit.
4. A(n) __acquaintance ____is a person one simply knows, and a friend is a person with
whom one has a deeper relationship.

5. Despite many changes in his life, he remained _____ loyal to____his working principles.
IV.

Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. My friend often shows her ______ whenever I have troubles.

A. sympathy B. sympathize C. sympathetic D. sympathetically

2. He does not know much about the project but he is very ______.

A. enthusiastic B. enthusiast C. enthusiasm D. enthusiastically
3. Daisy is so ______. She only cares about herself, not about other people.

A. helpful B. selfish C. loyal D. talkative

4. Although we are classmate, I do not have a ______ relationship with him.

A. aimless B. unselfish C. special D. constant

5. Unselfishness is the very essence of friendship.

A. romantic part B. important part C. difficult part D. interesting part
6. I always feel ________ when telling John my secrets.

A. embarrassing B. safe C. shamefully D. securely
7. One of the qualities for true _________ is constancy.

A. friend B. friendly C. friendship D. friendliness
8. My brother has _________ a new interest with enthusiasm.

A. taken up B. taken after C. brought up D. looked after
V.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1.I didn't have enough time to finish (finish) my work yesterday.

2. She made her son wash (wash) the windows before he could go outside to play 
(play)with his friends.

3. We both heard him say (say) that he was leaving.

4. It made him angry to wait (wait) for people who were late.

5. I couldn't understand what the passage said, so I had my friend translate (translate) it for 
me.

VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. She's made friends ________ a little girl who lives next door.

A. to B. of C. by D. with

2. He finds it ________ lasting friendships.

A. difficult to make B. difficulty in making
C. is difficult to make D. difficult making
3. I got my friend ________ her car for the weekend.

A. to let me to borrow B. to let me borrow

C. let me borrow D. let me to borrow

4. The skiers would rather ________ through the mountains than go by bus.
A. to travel on train B. traveled by train

C. travel by train D. traveling by the train

5. The aim of the culture festival is ________ friendship between the two countries
A. promote B. promoting C. to promote D. being promoted

6. I was delighted _________ my old friends again.

A. to see B. seeing C. seen D. to be seen

7. I can make myself _________ pretty well in English.

A. understand B. to understand C. understanding D. understood
8. Instead of buying a new pair of shoes, I had my old ones _________

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9. It's possible _________ a train across Canada.

A. take B. to take C. taking D. to be taken

10. If we leave now for our trip, we can drive half the distance before we stop _______lunch.
A. having B. to have C. having had D. for having

VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each 
question.

1. Clay that has been heated or fired in a kiln cannot to be softened again.
 A B C D

2. I’m sure he is incapable in running a mile in four minutes.
 A B C D

3. It took her a long time getting accustomed to the new environment .
 A B C D

4. We saw him opening the door and go into the house.
 A B C D

5. We are happy knowing that you have won a scholarship to study abroad.
 A B C D

VIII. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions.
 My oldest friend

My oldest friend is Sally. We met thirty years ago when we were both five years old.It
was my first day at school so I was very unhappy and I wanted my mother. Sally gave me
some candy and we became friends immidiately. We were together nearly everyday until we
finished school twelve years later.

Then I went to college, but Sally didn’t. She got married when she was just eighteen
and had three children. I studied for four years because I wanted to be an accountant.I had
a lot of new friends, and I didn’t see Sally very often. Sometimes we didn’t see each other
for months, but we often talk on the telephone.

Now I’m married, too. I live near Sally and we meet every week. She’s a student now,
and I have a baby, so we can give each other a lot of advice.

1. What’s your oldest friend’s name?
My oldest friend’s name is Sally.
2. When did you meet her?

I met her thirty years ago.
3. How did you make friends?

It was my first day at school so I was very unhappy and I wanted my mother. Sally 
gave me some candy and we became friends immidiately.

4. How did you often make a contact with each other?

We often made a contact with each other on the telephone.
5. Can you give each other a lot of advice?

Yes, we can.

IX. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word(s) for each of the blanks. 
To many people, their friends are the most important in their life. Really good
friends always ____(1)____ joys and sorrows with you and never turn their backs on you.
Your best friend may be someone you have known all your life or someone you have
grown____(2)______with.

There are all sorts of things that can ______(3)______ about this special
relationship. It may be the result of enjoying the same activities and sharing experiences.
Most of us have met someone that we have immediately felt relaxed with as if we had
known them for ages. However, it really takes you years to get to know someone well
_____(4)______ to consider your best friend.

To the majority of us, this is someone we trust completely and _____(5)______
understands us better than anyone else. It’s the person you can tell him or her your most
intimate secrets.

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2. A. through B. on C. in D. up

3. A. bring B. cause C. result D. provide

4. A. too B. enough C. so D. such

5. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose

X. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer or the sentence that is closest in 
meaning to each of the following questions.

1. My mother never allows me to go out alone at night.

A. My mother never lets me go out alone at night. 
B. I was allowed to go out alone at night.

C. My mother never goes out alone at night.
D. My mother and I usually go out alone at night.
2. They don’t let us cycle in the park.

A. We are not let cycle in the park
B. We are not let to cycle in the park

C. We are not allowed to cycle in the park
D. We are not allowed cycle in the park
3. He left in the morning and I saw it.

A. I saw him leave in the morning
B. I saw him leaving in the morning
C. I saw him left in the morning

D. I saw him was leaving in the morning
4. He finds it easy to make friends.

A. It is very difficult for him to make friends

B. He doesn’t have any difficulty in making friends

C. People never find it easy to make friends with him
D. Making friends seem to be difficult for him.

5. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

A. Only in dangerous circumstances we should need a friend.
B. A time friend never helps us in dangerous situations.
C. Indeed, we need a true friend in every situation.

D. A friend who helps us in difficult situations is a true friend.

UNIT 2: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES
Kinh nghiệm bản thân

A. V0CABULARY

1. embarassing (adj.) làm lúng túng 6. at once ngay lập tức
 2. experience (n) kinh nghiệm, sự từng trải 7. glance (v) liếc nhìn, liếc nhanh 
 3. floppy (adj.) mềm, nhe 8. sneaky (adj) vụng trộm, lén lút 
 4. cotton (n) bông, sợi, vải bông 9. imagine (v) tưởng tượng, hình dung
 5. idol (n) thần tượng 10. make a fuss làm ầm ĩ lên

11. reply (v) trả lời; đáp lại 16. affect (v) ảnh hưởng; tác động đến
12. shy (adj.) nhút nhát, e then, rụt rè 17. appreciate (v) đánh giá cao

13. complain (v) kêu ca, than phiền 18. attitude (n) thái độ

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21. involve (v) gồm, làm dính líu 26. replace (v) thay thế, thay chỗ của 
 22. realise (v) thấy rõ, hiểu rõ, nhận thức rõ 27. embrace (v) ơm chặt, ghì chặt
 23. after all ći cùng, sau hết 28. escape (v) thoát được; tránh được

24. scream (v) gào thét, hét lên 29. protect (v) bảo vệ, bảo hộ, che chở
 25. terrified (adj) khiếp sợ, rất kinh hãi 30. rescue(v) giải thoát; cứu; cứu nguy 
B. GRAMMAR

Past Tenses (các thì Quá khứ) 
1. The Past simple (Thì Quá khứ đơn):

Đối với động từ “to be”
KĐ: you / we / they + were

I / he / she / it + was PĐ: you/we / they + weren’t I / he/ she / it + wasn’t NV: Were + you / we / they? Was + I / he / she / it ?
Ex: I was at school yesterday.

Were you at home yesterday?
Đối với động từ thường: 
Form:

KĐ: S + V2/-ed PĐ : S + DIDN’T + Vo NV: DID + S + Vo ?
Usage: Dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt trong quá khứ, có thời gian xác 
định. (so sánh với thì hiện tại hồn thành)

Ex: Uncle Ho died in 1969

Adverbs: ago (cách đây), last (rồi), yesterday (hôm qua), in+ năm trong quá khứ
2. The Past perfect tense (thì Q khứ hồn thành):

Form:

KĐ: S + HAD + V3/-ED PĐ: S + HADN’T + V3/-ED NV: HAD + S + V3/-ED ?
Usage: dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác, hoặc trước một thời

điểm trong

quá khứ.

Ex: We had lived in Ho Chi Minh city before 1990.
Adverbs: before (trước khi), after ( sau khi), when (khi)
* Note: Khi trong câu có hai hành đợng q khứ:

Hành đợng xảy ra trước ta dùng thì q khứ hồn thành.
Hành đợng xảy ra sau ta dùng thì q khứ đơn.

Ex: After Minh had finished his homework, he went to bed.

3.The Past continous tense (thì Quá khứ tiếp diễn):
Form:

KĐ: S + Was/ Were + V-ing PĐ: S + Was/ Were + Not + V-ing NV: Was/ Were + S + V-Ing ?
Usage: Dùng để diễn tả:

Hành động đang xảy ra vào một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex: we were doing English exercise at 7 o’clock yesterday.

Hành động đang xảy ra ở q khứ (hành đợng dài) thì có mợt hành đợng khác chen vào (hành
động ngắn). Hành động dài: dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn. Hành động ngắn: dùng thì quá khứ 
đơn.

Ex: when I was going to school yesterday, I saw an accident.
Hai hành động xảy ra song song cùng một lúc ở qua khứ.

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C. EXERCISES

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

1. A. language B. happen C. experience D. know

2. A. sing B. glance C. turn D. sneaky

3. A. played B. turned C. watched D. learned

4. A. money B. around C. down D. found

5. A. chemistry B. school C. character D. machine

II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

1. A. experience B. embarrass C. floppy D. embrace
2. A. idol B. video C. birthday D. imagine

3. A. cotton B. happen C. extreme D. quickly

4. A. involve B. campaign C. exactly D. table

5. A. decision B. education C. instruction D. immediately
III.

Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

appreciate imagine without floppy

experience idols decision embarrassing

1. After being seriously ill, you will ___ appreciate ________________ your health more.
2. He was an impolite boy. He left the house ______ without __________saying a word. 
3. Nowadays, teenagers always love and imitate their own ___idols ____in different ways.
4. Remember to buy some _______ floppy ________disks for me when you go shopping.
5. Up to now we they not made a _______ decision ________whether they will go or not. 
IV.

Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. That _______ taught me a lesson & make me study harder.

A. way B. letter C. experience D. lake
2. I’ m sorry for making such a _______ about the noise.

A. trace B. mark C. fuss D. emphasis

3. It is a truly _______ occasion.

A. memorable B. memory C. memorably D. memorized

4. My _______ view is that the students should be doing more work outside the classroom.
A. person B. personal C. personable D. personably

5. The fire took many things _______ me.

A. in B. on C. about D. from
6. A person or thing that is loved and admired very much is the _______.

A. ideal B. idea C. idol D. fan
7. A short part of a film or movie that is shown separately is called a _______.

A. picture B. clip C. news D. cartoon

8. The children were _______ about opening their presents.

A. interested B. fond C. keen D. excited

V.

Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct tense.

1. I suddenly remembered that I (forget) __had forgot_____my keys.

2. While Diana (watch) ____was watching______ her favourite TV programme, there (be)
___was __ a power cut.

3. By the time Sheila got back, Chris (go) __had got ________ home.

4. David (eat) _____had eaten_________ Japanese food before, so he knew what to 
order.

5. When I (do) ___was doing ________ some shopping yesterday, I (see) __saw____ 
your friend.

6. What ___were___ you (do) __doing____ when I (come) _came_____ to your office 
yesterday?

VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. It was midnight. Outside it _______ very hard.

A. rains B. rained C. had rained D. was raining 
2. She _______ a bath at seven o’clock last night.

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3. He _______ me to the party yesterday.

A. invited B. has invited C. was inviting D. has been inviting
4. Andrew _______ the test before so he _______ it very easy.

A. did/ had found B. had done/ found

C. was doing/ found D. did/ was founding

5. You _______ your new hat when I _______ you yesterday.
A. were wearing/ had met B. wore/ had met

C. wore/ was meeting D. were wearing/ met

6. A burglar _______ into the house while we _______ television.
A. broke/ were watching B. broke/ watched
C. had broken/ watched D. broke/ had watched
7. When I _______ home, I _______ a phone call.

A. got/ received B. was getting/ was receiving

C. got/ had received D. had got/ had received
8. They _______ small cups of coffee after they _______ dinner.

A. had drunk/ finished B. drank/ finished
C. were drinking/ finished D. drank/ had finished
9. When he _______ at the station, his train _______.

A. arrived/ left B. arrived/ had left 
C. had arrived/ left D. had arrived/ left

10. While I _______ for him to call up, he _______ a good time in the bar.
A. waited – was having B. have waited – was having
C. was waiting – have had D. was waiting – was having

VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each question.
 1. While I did my homework, I had a good idea.

A B C D
2. Many of the stories are based a t rumor.

A B C D

3. John’s friends had celebrated a farewell party for him last Sunday.
 A B C D

4. After she bought herself a new motorbike, she sold her bicycle.
 A B C D

5. She did not know where most of the people in the room are from.
 A B C D

VIII. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

Last year I went to Nepal for three months to work in a hospital. I think it's important
to see as much of a country as you can, but it is difficult to travel around Nepal. The
hospital let me have a few days’ holiday, so I decided to go into the jungle and I asked a

Nepalese guide, Kamal Rai, to go with me.

We started preparing for the trip at six in the morning, and left camp with two
elephants carrying our equipment. It was hot but Kamal made me wear shoes and trousers
to protect me from snakes. In the jungle there was a lot of wildlife, but we were trying to
find big cats, especially tigers. We climbed onto the elephants' backs to get better view,
but it is unusual to find tigers in the afternoon because they sleep in the heat of the day.

Then, in the distance, we saw a tiger, and Kamal told me to be very quiet. We crept
nearer and found a dead deer, still bleeding. This was the tiger's lunch! Suddenly I started
to feel very frightened.

We heard the tiger a second before we saw it. It jumped out like a flash of lightning,
five hundred kilos plus and four meters long. I looked into its eyes and face, and saw right
down the animal's throat. It grabbed Kamal's leg between its teeth, but I managed to pull
Kamal away. One of our elephants ran at the tiger and made it go back into the grass, so
we quickly escaped to let the tiger eat its lunch. That night it was impossible to sleep!
1. The writer went to Nepal ________.

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2. When having a few days off, he decided to go into ________.
A. the remote villages B. the mountains

C. the seaside D. the tropical forest

3. It's difficult to find tigers in the afternoon because ________.
A. they usually sleep at this time of day

B. it's so hot at this time

C. the elephants' back wasn't high enough to get view

D. tigers hardly hunt in the heat of the day

4. The tiger ________.

A. was like a flash of light B. saw them a second before they saw it

C. jumped out very fast D. jumped out of the grass at about four meters.
5. Which of the followings is not true according to the passage?

A. Tigers are members of the cat family.

B. The writer was made to wear shoes and trousers to protect him from the heat 
of the day.

C. Kamal narrowly escaped being killed.

D. It was such a terrible experience that the writer couldn't sleep that night.

IX. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word(s) for each of the blanks.
MARIA’S HOMECOMING

When the bus (1) _______ in a small square, Maria was reading her magazine and
didn’t realize that she had arrived at her destination. “This is Santa Teresa,” Martin said.
“You’ve arrived home!” I suppose your cousin will be (2) _______ for us. Come on. I’ll
carry the bags.” Maria thought, “All those years when I (3) _______ in New York, I used to
dream if this moment. And now it’s real, I can’t believe it! Here I am, I’m really standing in
the square.” Santa Teresa was Maria’s birthplace, but she often left the town at the age of
six. She had some (4) _______ of the town, and some photos, but did she belong here
still? She didn’t know. Nobody was waiting in the square. Perhaps her cousin Pablo hadn’t
received Maria’s letter. “What are we going to do now?” asked Martin. “There isn’t (5)

_______ a hotel here!”

1. A. reached B. got C. stopped D. came

2. A. expecting B. waiting C. welcoming D. receiving
3. A. was living B. have lived C. live D. am living

4. A. recall B. memories C. thinking D. remembering

5 A. even B. hardly C. too D. very

X. Arrange these words or groups of words in the correct order.
1. to / play/ five / he / piano / started / the / years / ago

=> He started to play the piano five years ago

2. letter / the/ , / opening / the / was / telephone / I / rang / while
=> While I was opening the letter, the telephone rang
3. been / we / for / two / hours / for / have / waiting / you

=> We have been waiting for you for two hours

4. window / Tommy / to / thrown / admitted / the / through / rock / the / be
=> Tommy admitted to be thrown the rock through the window
5. Jack / at / me / whenever / avoided /, / met / we / looking

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UNIT 3 : A PARTY 
Một bữa tiệc
A. V0CABULARY

1. anniversary (n) lễ kỉ niệm 6. cosiness (n) sự ấm cúng 
2. blow out (phr v) thổi tắt 7. give up (phr v) từ bỏ

3. clap (v) vỗ tay 8. host (n)(v) chủ nhà/ tổ chức 
4. cosy (adj.) ấm cúng 9. hostess (n) bà chủ nhà

5. cosily (adv) một cách ấm cúng 10. mess (n) tình trạng hỡn đợn 
11.indifferent (adj.) thờ ơ 16. slip out (phr v) lỡ lời

12.indifferently (adv) một cách thờ ơ 17. speeding(n)sự chạy quá tốc độ quy định
13. indifference (n) sự lãnh đạm 18. thrilled (adj.) xúc động

14. outfit (n) quần áo 19. thriller (n) phim ly kỳ

15. prominently (adv) một cách dễ thấy 20. tidy up (phr v) sắp xếp gọn gàng
21.golden anniversary (n) đám cưới vàng 26.demand (v) yêu cầu
22. now (adv) lúc bấy giờ 27. divorced (adj.) đã ly dị

23. silver anniversary (n) đám cưới bạc 28. icing (n) kem lòng trắng trứng
24. virtual (adj) thực sự 29. milestone (n) sự kiện quan trọng
25. virtually (adv) hầu như 30. ticket (n) giấy phạt

B. GRAMMAR

INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS

1. To-infinitive: Động từ nguyên mẫu có to được dùng làm:

- Chủ ngữ của câu: Ex: To become a famous singer is her dream.

- Bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ: Ex: What I like is to swim in the sea and to lie on the warm sand.
- Tân ngữ của động từ:

+ To-infinitive có thể làm tân ngữ trực tiếp của các động từ: afford (đáp ứng) 
agree(đồng ý )appear (hình như )arrange(sắp xếp)ask(u cầu)attempt( cớ gắng, nỗ 
lực),beg,begin, care, choose, consent,continue, dare, decide(quyết định)

expect(mong đợi) fail( thất bại), forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope(hy vọng )
intend(định), learn(học), like, love, manage(xoay sở, cố gắng), mean, neglect, 
offer(cho, tặng, đề nghị), prefer,prepare, plan( lên kế họach)pretend(giả

vờ)promise(hứa), propose, refuse(từ chới), regret, seem(dường như), tell( bảo), 
tend(có khuynh hướng), threaten(đe dọa), want(muốn), would like(muốn), wish,…

Ex: I don’t want to see you again.

+ Mợt sớ đợng từ có thể được theo sau bởi Object +to infinitive: advise,allow, 
ask, can’t bear, beg, command, compel, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, hate, 
help, instruct, invite, leave, like, love, mean, need, oblige, order, permit, persuade, 
prefer, remember, remind, request, teach, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, want, warn, 
wish,….

Ex: They don’t allow people to smoke here.
- Tân ngữ của tính từ:

+ To infinitive có thể được dùng làm tân ngữ của mợt sớ tính từ chỉ phản ứng, cảm
xúc, tính cách, nhận thức, và mợt sớ tính từ thong dụng khác: agreeable, awful, delight, 
disagreeable, dreadful, good, nice, horrible, lovely,………..

Ex: I’m pleased to see you.

+ To infinitive có thể được dùng làm tân ngữ của tính từ so sánh nhất và the first,
the last, the next, the only, the second,……

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- Trong các cấu trúc:

+ It takes / took + O + thời gian + to-inf

Ex: It takes Nam two hours to do that exercise.

+ Chỉ mục đích Ex: I went to the post office to send a letter.
 + Bổ ngữ cho danh từ hoặc đại từ:

S + V + Noun / pronoun + to-inf
 Ex: I have some letters to write.

Is there anything to eat?

It + be + adj + to-inf: thật … để ..
 Ex: It is interesting to study English

+ S + be + adj + to-inf Ex: I’m happy to receive your latter.
+ S + V + too + adj / adv + to-inf Ex: He is too short to play basket ball.
+ S + V + adj / adv + enough + to-inf

Ex: He isn’t tall enough to play basket ball.
+ S + find / think / believe + it + adj + to-inf

Ex: I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary.

+ Sau các từ nghi vấn: what, who, which, when, where, how,… (nhưng thường 
không dùng sau why) Ex: I don’t know what to say.

* Note:

- allow / permit / advise / recommend + O + to-inf 
Ex: She allowed me to use her pen.

- allow / permit / advise / recommend + V-ing 
Ex: She didn’t allow smoking in her room

2. Bare infinitive

V + O + bare inf

( let, make, had better , would rather)
Ex: He made me cry.

You had better take an aspirin. 
Note

a. be + made + to-inf 
Ex: I was made to clean my room.

b. Động từ help:

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- Các động từ chỉ tri giác: hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, 
find .. + O + V1 (chỉ sự hồn tất của hành đợng – nghe hoặc thấy tồn bợ sự việc diễn 
ra)

Ex: I saw her get off the bus.

- Các động từ chỉ tri giác: hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, 
find .. + O + V-ing (chỉ sự việc đang diễn ra)

Ex: I smell something burning in the kitchen.
3. Gerunds: Danh đợng từ có thể được dùng làm:

- Chủ từ của câu: Ex: Swimming is my favourite sport.
- Bổ ngữ của động từ: Ex: My hobby is collecting stamps.
- Tân ngữ của động từ: Ex: I enjoy traveling.

- sau giới từ: Ex: He was accused of smuggling.

* Một số cụm động từ:( (phrasal verb: verb+presosition/ adverb) theo sau bởi
Gerund (be for/ against, care for, give up, keep on, leave off, look forward to, put off, see
about, take to…..

Ex: He put off making a decision till he had more information.
- tân ngữ của động từ hoặc bổ ngữ của tân ngữ: admit(thừa nhận)anticipate, 
appreciate, avoid(tránh) consider(xem xét), defer, delay(hoãn)deny(phủ 
nhận)detest(ghét), dislike, dread, enjoy, escape, encourage( khích

lệ)fancy( thích)finish( kết thúc),keep, loathe, mean, mention, pardon, postpone, 
prevent, hate(ghét)imagine(tưởng tượng) involve( liên quan)mention(đề cập đến), 
mind(ngại), miss( bỏ lỡ), postpone( hoãn lại), practice( luyện tập), quit( từ bỏ), risk( có 
nguy cơ), suggest: (đề nghị), It is no use( khơng có ích), It is no good(không tốt), 
there’s no point in, waste / spend: lãng phí, bỏ ra (thời gian, tiền bạc), have difficulty / 
trouble( gặp khó khăn/trở ngại), can’t help( không thể không), can’t stand / can’t

bear(không chịu đựng nỡi), feel like(cảm thấy thích, look forward to( mong chờ, mong 
đợi), It is (not) worth(đáng / không đáng), keep / keep on( tiếp tục), be busy(bận rộn), 
be used to / get used to(quen với / trở nên quen với việc gì)

Ex: They couldn’ help laughing when they heard the little boy singing a love song. 
- Sau các liên từ: after, before, when, while, since,… dùng V-ing

Ex: After finishing his homework, he went to bed. 
4. Infinitives or Gerunds (To-inf / V-ing)

a. Không thay đổi nghĩa:

- begin / start / continue/ like / love + To-inf / V-ing
Ex: It started to rain / raining.

b. Thay đổi nghĩa:

+ remember / forget / regret + V-ing: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc đã xảy ra rồi (trong 
quá khứ)

Ex: Don’t forget to turn off the light when you go to bed.

+ remember / forget / regret + to-inf: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc chưa, sắp xảy ra 
(trong tương lai)

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Ex: He stopped smoking because it is harmful for his health.
+ stop + to-inf: dừng ….. để …

Ex: On the way home, I stopped at the post office to buy a newspaper.
+ try + V-ing: thử

+ try + to-inf: cố gắng

+ need + V-ing = need + to be + V3: cần được (bị động)
Ex: My car is very dirty. It needs washing / to be washed.
+ need + to-inf: cần (chủ động)

Ex: I need to wash my car.
 + Cấu trúc nhờ vả:

S + have + O người + Vo + O vật ...

Ex: I had my brother clean the house.

S + have + O vật + V3/-ed + (by + O người) ... 
I had the house cleaned by my brother.
S + get + O người + to-inf + O vật

S + get + O vật + V3/-ed + (by + O người)

C. Exercises

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

1. A. candle B. cake C. decorate D. celebration

2. A. adult B. candle C. talk D. flower

3. A. hour B. honest C. vehicle D. happy

4. A. weather B. cream C. friend D. wedding

5. A. birthday B. although C. together D. clothing
II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

1. A. celebrating B. anniversary C. marriage D. gathering

2. A. finish B. prefer C. invite D. enjoy

3. A. organize B. decorate C. divorce D. promise

4. A. party B. birthday C. happy D. activity

5. A. refreshment B. horrible C. exciting D. intention
III.

Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

Silver divorced gathering golden

decoration invitation happiness served

1. The 50th wedding anniversary is called the golden anniversary. 
2. After they got divorced, she never remarried.

3. Nobody in the office had received an invitation to the party.
4. Let’s have a party to celebrate your birthday.

5. The pasta will be served at my birthday party.
IV.

Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. Many _______ men remarry and have second families.

A. married B. single C. divorced D. family

2. Jack's mother __ a birthday cake with seventeen lighted candles on it.
A. brought out B. showed on C. turned up D. took over

3. These anniversaries mark the milestones of a happy and lasting relationship between 
married couples.

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4. I'm ________ a surprise party for my sister.

A. taking B. serving C. providing D. organizing

5. They held a concert to mark the _______ of Mozart's death.

A. occasion B. anniversary C. situation D. remembrance
6. They _______ a wonderful meal to more than fifty delegates.

A. made B. had C. served D. took

7. He tried his best to make his birthday party more _______ .

A. enjoyed B. enjoying C. enjoyment D. enjoyable
8. When they finished singing, Lisa _______ the candles on the cake.

A. turned off B. blew out C. cleared up D. brought out
V.

Put the verb into the correct form infinitive, to- infinitive or gerund
1. Children shouldn't be allowed to watch (watch) violent programs on TV.
2. He needs to work (work) harder if he wants to make progress.

3. I'd rather spend (spend) my time with you.

4. Those shirts need ironing, but you don’t need to iron (iron) them now.

5. Please stop interrupting (interrupt) when I'm explaining something to you. You can ask 
questions at the end.

VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. My parents wouldn't _______ to the party.

A. allow me go B. allow me to go C. allow me going D. allow to go
2. I meant to get up early but I forgot _______ up my alarm clock.

A. wind B. to wind C. wind D. wound

3. Look at the state of the gate. It needs ________ as soon as possible.
A. to repair B. repairing C. being repaired D. be repaired
4. The painting was beautiful. I stood there ________ it for a long time.

A. for admiring B. being admired C. admire D. admiring
5. I had no ________ a place to live. In fact it was surprising easy.

A. difficulty to find B. difficulty finding
C. difficulty when I find D. difficulty while finding

6. A good teacher makes her students ________ the world from new perspectives.
A. to view B. view C. to be viewed D. viewing

7. I don't mind _______ late, if it will help at all.

A. to work B. to be work C. working D. being working
8. I remember _______ to the zoo when I was a child.

A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being talking
9. Isabel expected _______ to the university, but she wasn't.

A. to admit B. to be admitted C. admitting D. being admitted
10.The police warned everybody ______ inside with their windows closed.

A. to stay B. to be stayed C. staying D. being stayed

VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each 
question.

1. Approximately 70 percent of all parents let their children to attend school.
A B C D

2. There's no point having a car if you never use it. 
A B C D

3. Although she asked him to stop, he went on to tap his pen on the table.
A B C D

4. You should make your parents be happy for the rest of their life. 
A B C D

5. Spend your time do something more worthwhile.

A B C D

VIII. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

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been invited along with you, you should ask for permission first. Remember to dress
appropriately for the party. You will stick out like a sore thumb if you are dressed formally
whereas everyone else is in T-shirt and jeans. If you are not sure what to wear, do ask
your host.

During the party you may perhaps like to help your host by offering to serve drinks or
wash the dishes. Your host would certainly appreciate these efforts. If you happen to be in
a party you do not know anyone, do not try to monopolize the host's attention. This is
inconsiderate since your host has many people to attend to and can not spend all his time
with you. Instead, learn to mingle with others at the party. You could try breaking the ice 
by introducing yourself to someone who is friendly-looking.

Before you leave the party, remember to thank your host first. If you have the time, you
could even offer to help your host clean up the place.

1. If you are invited to a party, what should you do first?

If you are invited to a party, you should call your host up early to inform him 
of whether you are going.

2. What can you do to help your host during the party?

During the party you can help your host by offering to serve drinks or wash 
the dishes.

3. What could you do to break the ice in a party?

You could try breaking the ice by introducing yourself to someone who is 
friendly-looking.

4. What do you remember to do before you leave the party?

Before you leave the party, remember to thank your host first.
IX.

Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c, or d- that best fits the blank space in the 
following passage.

If you are invited to someone's house for dinner in the United States, you should (1)
_______ a gift, such as a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolates. If you give your host a
wrapped gift, he/she may open it in front of you. Opening a present in front of the gift-giver
is considered (2) _______. It shows that the host is excited about receiving the gift and
wants to show his/her appreciation to you immediately. Even if the host doesn't like it,
he/she will tell a "white lie" and say how much they like the gift to prevent the guest from
feeling bad. If your host asks you to arrive at a particular time, you should not arrive (3)
_______ on time or earlier than the (4) _______ time, because this is considered to be
potentially inconvenient and therefore rude, as the host may not be (5) _______.

1. A. take B. give C. bring D. make

2. A. rude B. polite C. unpolite D. funny

3. A. gradually B. exactly C. perfectly D. recently

4. A. expected B. permitted C. waited D. wasted

5. A. willing B. ready C. welcome D. waiting

X.

Complete the second sentence so that it has similar meaning to the first
1. I prefer having dinner at home to going out for dinner.

→ I'd rather have dinner at home than go out for dinner.
2. There's no point in persuading him to do this.

→ It is useless to persuade him to do this.

3. You can try to get Jim to lend you his car, but you won't succeed.
→ There's no point in trying to get Jim to lend you his car.

4. He wished he had invited her to his birthday party.

→ He regretted not inviting/ not having invited her to his birthday party.

5. She/ decide/ go back/ shop/ buy/ long dress/.

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TEST YOURSELF A
A. V0CABULARY

1. acquaintance (n) người quen 6. loyal to (adj) trung thành
2. incapable of (adj) k đủ khả năng 7. enthusiasm (n) sự nhiệt tình
3. constancy (n) tính kiên định 8. be concerned with (adj) quan tâm đến
4. unselfish (adj) k ích kỷ 9. quality (n) phẩm chất

5. (to) take up (v) thích thú 10. suspicious (adj) nghi ngờ 
11. embarrassing (adj) lúng túng 16. make a fuss (v) làm ầm ĩ 
12. sneaky (adj) lén lút 17. (to) turn away (v) quay chỗ khác
13. glance at (v) liếc nhìn 18. (to) point to/ at (v) chỉ

14. attitude (n) thái độ 19. (to) appreciate (v) đánh giá cao
15. scream (n,v) la hét 20. memorable (adj) đáng ghi nhớ
21. (to) decorate (v) trang trí 26. anniversary (n) lễ kỷ niệm 
22. milestone (n) mốc lịch sử 27. formal (adj) trang trọng
23. (to) blow ot (v) thổi 28. refreshments (n) món ăn nhe 
24. mess (n) sự hỗn độn 29. (to) count on = rely on (v) lệ thuộc
25. (to) tidy up (v) dọn dep 30.(to) mark (v) đánh dấu 
B. GRAMMAR

GERUND AND INFINITIVE

VERB + V-ING

avoid delay consider admit mention fancy
finish postpone imagine keep deny continue
miss involve enjoy dislike love mind
risk practise like hate suggest quit

VERB + TO INFINITIVE

offer decide prepare deserve attempt hope claim
agree plan aim afford wish threaten tend
refuse arrange learn attempt fail swear appear
ask expect want manage pretend promise seem

- Passive infinitive : to + be +V3/ed
- Passive gerund: being + V3/ed

TENSE REVISION:

V + V-ing/ To infinitive (khac nghia)
1. stop + to V: dừng lại để làm việc khác

stop+ V-ing: ngừng hẳn việc đang làm

2. remember/ forget + to V: nhớ/ quên việc phải làm, sẽ làm (bổn phận) 
 remember/ forget + V -ing: nhớ/ quên việc đã làm)

3. regret + to V: lấy làm tiếc phải nói việc gì
regret + V-ing: hới tiếc đã làm việc gì

4. need + to V: cần làm việc gì (khi S(người))

need + V-ing (hoặc + to be V3/ed): cần được làm gì (khi S(vật))
5. try + to V: cố gắng làm việc gì

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Tenses Form Usage Cues
Simple past S + V2/ed - Hđ xảy ra trong quá khứ, đã chấm dứt và biết rõ thời

gian.

last, ago, yesterday,
in 1930

Past
continuous

S + was/were +

Ving - Hđ đã xảy ra và kéo dài 1 thời gian ở qk.

when, while, at 4 p.m

Past perfect S + had + Ved/3 - Hđ xảy ra trước một hđ khác trong quá khứ.

already, just, never,
not yet, by + tg quá
khứ

C. Exercises

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. A. hour B. honor C. vehicles D. homeless

2. A. candle B. cake C. decorate D. celebration

3. A. good B. gossip C. game D. geometry

4. A. dangerous B. get C. passenger D. village

5. A. teacher B. change C. machine D. choose

II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

1. A. floppy B. affect C. idol D. salad

2. A. biscuit B. autumn C. intend D. baseball
3. A. appreciate B. experience C. embarrassing D. situation
4. A. carefully B. correctly C. seriously D. personally
5. A. together B. refreshment C. informal D. attitude
III.

Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

loyal helpful decorated Golden Anniversary
selfish served memorable Silver Anniversary
1. Have you ________ decorated _______ your Christmas tree yet?

2. He is a ________ helpful_________ man. He is always willing to help his friends.
3. Would you like to tell us about your most ___ memorable ___experience?

4 Daisy is so ____ selfish______. She only cares about herself, not about other people.
5. The “__Silver Anniversary____ ” is often celebrated on people’s 25th wedding

anniversaries.

IV. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. They held a concert to mark the _______ of Mozart’s death.

A. occasion B. anniversary C. situation D. remembrance
2. On my birthday, before I blew ______ the candles, I had prayed for my future and my family.

A. on B. out C. in D. at

3. The novel is based on his ________ in the war.

A. experiences B. attitudes C. situations D. images
4. He tried his best to make his birthday party more _______ .

A. enjoyed B. enjoying C. enjoyment D. enjoyable

5. The anniversary of the founding of the charity falls _______ 12th November.

A. in B. on C. at D. to

6. These anniversaries mark the milestones of a happy and lasting relationship between
married couples.

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A. idol B. experienced C. sneaky D. embarrassing
8. We really do not like his sneaky behavior, which has made us feel uncomfortable.

A. wearing fashionable clothes B. doing things carefully
C. acting in a secret or deceptive way D. doing things carelessly
V.

Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct tense.

1. Who (drive) ... was driving... the motorbike at the time of the accident? 
2. She suddenly realized that she (forget) ... had forgotten...her umbrella. 
3. Mai … was walking …………along the street when a foreigner ……… came….up to 
talk to her.

4. They …… went…….home after the... had finished ... their work.
5. I (not meet) …… didn’t meet……… him yesterday.

VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
sentences.

1. Their manager _______ them leave the office very late yesterday

A. wanted B. expected C. asked D. made 
2. The students are young enough ________ the problems of younger boys and girls.

A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood
3. Lan has learnt English since she ________ a small girl.

A. is B. was C. has been D. had been

4. By the time we got to the market, all the shops __________.

A. was closing B. would have closed C. had closed D. has closed
5. Susan has decided _______ her friends _______ as she pleases.

A. allowing/ doing B. to allow/ to do C. allowing/ do D. allow/ do
6. Why do you continue _______ there if you don’t like your job?

A.to work B.working C.worked D.both A and B

7. Students stopped _______ noise when the teacher came in.

A.making B. to make C. make D.made
8. It's possible _________ a train across Canada.

A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taken

9. While Mai _______ the meal, her brother ________ the house.

A. cooked- cleaned B. cooked – was cleaning

C. was cooking – cleaned D. was cooking- was cleaning
10. Those shirts need _______ but you needn’t _______ them now.

A. iron/ iron B. to iron/ to iron C. ironing/ iron D. ironed/ to iron
VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each

question.

1. My brother didn’t let me to go fishing with him.
A B C D

2. Before he had come back home, Jack had visited his uncle.
 A B C D
3. Don’t make so much fusses over the children.

A B C D

4. We saw him opening the door and go into the house.
 A B C D

5. I’m sure he is incapable in running a mile in four minutes.
 A B C D

VIII. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions . 
UNLUCKY DAY

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time I got there, it was ten past seven and my friend was not there. I waited for him for
an hour despite the freezing weather, but he didn’t come. When I returned to my car, I
saw that someone had broken into it, probably looking for a radio. Luckily, I never leave
the radio in the car. There was nothing I could do but get into my car and drive home.
Later I spoke with my friend and discovered that he had waited for only half an hour
and left. He didn’t even apologise for not waiting for me longer!

1. Why wasn’t the writer’s car started?
Because the battery had gone flat.

2. What was the weather like when the writer waited for his friend?
It is cold/ freezing

3. In the writer’s opinion, what did the thief want to steal?
A radio

4. What time did the writer’s friend leave after waiting for him?
The writer’s friend leave at 7:00 after waiting for him.

IX. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word(s) for each of the blanks. 
In Britain, wedding invitations go out about six weeks (1) _____ the wedding day. The
guests (2) _____ as soon as possible to say if they can come or not. Choosing a present
for the couple can be difficult. People don’t take their presents for the wedding. They send
them to the woman’s house.

Most weddings (3) _____ before lunch or in the early afternoon. Many people like to
get married (4) _____. The bride often wears a long white dress. Guests wear their best
clothes and most of the women wear hats. In the church, the bride’s family sits on the left
and the groom’s one sits on the right.

Married people wear their wedding rings on the third finger of the left hand. Most
married women wear wedding rings, (5) _____ married men often do not.

1. A. before B. when C. after D. while

2. A. answer B. reply C. respond D. all are correct

3. A. go abroad B. make up C. take place D. carry out

4. A. in restaurant B. in church C. in contryside D. at home

5. A. in spite of B. and C. because D. but

X. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer or the sentence that is closest in 
meaning to the printed one.

1. When did you begin to work in remote or mountainous areas?
A. How long did you work in remote or mountainous areas?

B. How long did you begin working in remote or mountainous areas?
C. How long are you working in remote or mountainous areas?

D. How long have you been working in remote or mountainous areas? 
2. Don’t forget to check for spelling mistakes before you hand in the paper.

A. Remember checking for spelling mistakes before you hand in the paper.
B. You’d better check for spelling mistakes before you hand in the paper.

C. Spelling mistakes in the paper are believed to be checked well when it is handed in.

D. Spelling mistakes must be checked if you want to hand in the paper.

3. I/ invite/ you / the party/ 6pm/ my house.

A. I would like to invite you to the party at 6pm at my house. 
B. I would like to invite you to the party, that will be at 6pm at my house.
C. So that I would like to invite you to the party at 6pm at my house.
D. I was invited you to the party at 6pm at my house.

4. I/ eager/ look forward to/ enjoy/ it

A. I am too eager to looking forward to enjoying it.
B. I am enough eager to looking forward to enjoying it.
C. I am so eager to looking forward to enjoy it.

D. I am so eager to look forward to enjoying it. 
5. while / I / open / letter / telephone / ring

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B. While I opened the letter, the telephone was ringing.
C. While I was opening the letter, the telephone rang.
D. While I had opened the letter, the telephone rang.

UNIT 4: VOLUNTEER WORK
Cơng việc tình nguyện
A. VOCABULARY

1. volunteer (v/n) (người) tình nguyện
- voluntary (a) Tự ý, tình nguyện
- voluntarily (adv) 1 cách tình nguyện
2. charity (n) : lòng nhân ái

3. to co-operate : Hợp tác
4. to co-ordinate : phối hợp
5. craft (n) : thủ công
6. disadvantaged (a) : Bị thiệt thòi
7. donation (n) : sự đóng góp
 to donate : tài trợ

8. gratitude (n) : sự biết ơn
9. handicapped (a) : Bị tàn tật, khuyết tật
10. to issue : phát, phát hành
11. martyr (n) : liệt sĩ 
 war invalid : thương binh
12. to mow : cắt cỏ

13. remote (a) : xa xôi, hẻo lánh
14. wounded (a) : bị thương

15. to take care of = look after : chăm sóc
16. orphanage (n) : Trại mồ côi
- orphan (n) : Trẻ mồ côi
-orphan (a) : Mồ côi, cảnh mồ côi
17. comfort (n) : sự an ũi

18. to participate in = to take part in tham gia
19. to overcome/ overcame/ overcome:vượt qua

20. organization (n) : (sự) tổ chức
21. fund-raising : quyên góp, gây quỹ
22. to suffer : chịu đựng
23. disaster (n) : thảm họa

24. vacation (n) : Kì nghỉ
25. to express : Thể hiện
26. to throw/ threw/ thrown : Ném, vứt
27. to bend / bent / bent : bẻ cong
28. to set up : thành lập
29. sponsor (n) : nhà tài trợ
30. private (a) : Riêng, cá nhân

B. GRAMMAR

I. GERUND AND PRESENT PARTICIPLE : V-ing

GERUND PRESENT PARTICIPLE

- Làm chủ từ

Ex: Swimming in a swimming pool on a 
hot day is very interesting.

- Làm túc từ

Ex: He likes playing football.
- Làm bổ ngữ cho “to be”

Ex: Conservation is safeguarding and 
preservation of natural resources.
- Đứng sau giới từ (in/on/at…) / sau 
mạo từ (a/an/the) / sau tính từ sở hữu 
 Ex: a. The reclaiming is important for 
farmers.

b. Thank you for your coming.
- Sau một số động từ : enjoy, admit, 
finish, delay, postpone,…

Ex: He enjoys playing tennis.

- sau một số thành ngữ: can’t help, can’t

_ Sau “to be” trong thì hiện tại tiếp diễn
 Ex: I am studying English now.

- Thay thế cho một mệnh đề quan hệ.
 Ex: The train arriving at the station is one 
hour late. ( The train which is arriving at the 
station is one hour late.)

- Miêu tả 2 hành động:

+ xảy ra cùng thời điểm và cùng chủ từ
 Ex: We sat in front of T.V, watching 
football.

+ xày ra nối tiếp nhau và cùng chủ từ
 Ex: Closing all the windows and the door 
carefully, she went to bed.

- Dùng như một tính từ

Ex: running water, a boring story…

- Sau động từ “Go”

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stand, have difficluty , it’s no use…. - Sau động từ chỉ giác quan

Ex: I see him passing my house everyday.
 - Sau các động từ : catch, find, leave, object
 Ex: I caught them stealing my apples.
 I left her talking to my mother.

II. PERFECT GERUND AND PERFECT PARTICIPLE : Having + V3/ed

PERFECT GERUND PERFECT PARTICIPLE

- Dùng tương tự như gerund nhưng 
nhấn mạnh hành động dã xảy ra ở quá 
khứ.

Ex: The boy was accused of having stolen/
stealing her money.

* Perfect gerund thường dùng sau động 
từ DENY

Ex: He denied having stolen her money.

- dùng để nhấn mạnh hành động hoàn tất
trước một hành động khác ở quá khứ.
 Ex : Having finished all my exercises, I 
went to bed.

C. EXERCISES

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the 
rest.

1. A. wholy B. wrap C. write D. who

2.A. flood B. good C. foot D. look

3.A. mountain B. country C. drought D. hour

4.A. university B. student C. volunteer D. museum

5.A. handicapped B. advantaged C. organized D. raised
II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

1.A. voluntary B. orphanage C. comfortable D. advantage 
2.A. overcorne B. participate C. volunteer D. understand

3.A. museum B. disaster C. literacy D. minority

4.A. support B. suffer C. suggest D. succeed

5.A. handicapped B. campaign C. performance D. donation
III.

Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

suffer overcome volunteer repair comfort
donate participate join raise perform

1. Claire volunteers at the homeless shelter once a week.
1. Some people were in the streets raising money for charity.
2. He donated thousands of pounds to charity.

3. Would you mind if I joined you for a drink in the bar?

4. We encourage students to participate fully in the running of the college.
IV.

Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following 
questions.

1.All the teachers work on an entirely ______ basis.

A. volunteer B. volunteered C. voluntary D. voluntarily
2.They volunteer to take care of children who have been ______ by the AIDS epidemic.

A. supported B. suffered C. left D. orphaned

3.It's filthy' in here! Are there any volunteers to help ______?

A. light up B. clean up C. clear up D. take up

4.He eventually ______ his disability to achieve some business success.

A. overcame B. destroyed C. overwhelmed D. suffered
5.The new law allows school districts to spend more money on less ______ children.

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A. raising-fund B. fundraising C. fundraise D. funding-raise

7.They have no money and are forced to live on ______.

A. fund B. saving C. charity D. donation

8.His kind words brought some ______ to the grieving parents.

A. sympathy B. comfort C. interest D. gratitude

V.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1.The missing children were last seen playing (play) near the river.

2.Having completed (complete) the book, he had a holiday.

3.Having photocopied (photocopy) all the papers, Sarah put them back in the file.
4.I found a coin lying (lie) on the sidewalk.

1. I don't agree with smacking (smack) children if they do something wrong.
VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following 
questions.

1.'Wait a minute,' said Frank, ______ through the door.

A. run B. runs C. running D. ran

2.______ a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.

A. Finding B. We found C. Found D. Having fauna

3.The children enjoyed ______ on fishing .trips.

A. taking B. to be taken C. being taken D. having taken
4.The spy admitted ______ some highly secret information to enemy agents.

A. having given B. having been given C. to have given D. to have been
given

5.I think I hear someone ______ the back window. Do you hear it, too?

A. trying open B. trying to open C. try opening D. try to open
6.______ for twelve hours, I felt marvelous.

A. Having slept B. have slept C. Having been slept D. have been slept
7.We decided not to travel, ______ the terrible weather forecast.

A. having heard B. to have heard

C. having been heard D. to have been heard

8.My uncle is very good at________ crossword puzzles.

A. to solve B. solving C. solve D. solved

9.He tried to avoid ______my question.

A. answer B. answering C. to answer D. to have answered

10.I suggest ________ to the cinema for a change.

A. going B. to go C. went D. gone

VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each 
question.

1.Having lived here for seven years, my friend is used to speak English with 
 A B C (speaking)
all her classmates.

2.Breaking her leg the last time she went, Brenda decided not to go on the 
 A (having broken/After breaking) B C D
school skiing trip this year.

Waiting six months for the washing machine to be delivered, I decided to cancel the 
order. (Having waited)

A B C D

4. Don’t keep having interrupted me while I’m talking. (interrupting)
A B C D

5. Being painted in dark colors, the room needed some bright lights. ( Having been 
painted)

A B C D
VIII. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

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I was with Overseas Volunteers (OV) for a year after leaving university, and I was
sent to an isolated village in Chad, about 500 km from the capital N'Djamena. Coming
from' a rich country, I got quite a shock as conditions were much harder than I had
expected. But after a few days I soon got used to living there. The people were always
very friendly and helpful, and soon I began to appreciate how beautiful the countryside
was.

One of my jobs was to supply the village with water. The well was a long walk away.
And the women used to spend a long time every day carrying heavy pots backwards and
forwards. So I contacted organization and arranged to have some pipes delivered. We
built a simple pipeline and a pump, and it worked first time. It wasn't perfect - there were a
few leaks, but it made a great difference to the villagers, who had never had running water
before. And not only did we have running water, but in the evenings it was hot, because
the pipe had been lying in the sun all day. All in all, I think .my time with OV was a good
experience. Although it was not well-paid, it was well worth doing, and I would recommend
it to anyone who was considering working for a charity.

1.The author ______.

A. has been working for OV for a year
B. is living in the capital N'Djamena

C. was born in a rich family

D. used to be a volunteer working in a remote village
2.How did the author feel when he arrived in the village?

A. surprised 
B. impressed

C. disappointed
D. depressed

3.Which of the following is not true?

A. It took a lot of time to take water home from the well.

B. The villagers used to live in conditions without running water.
C. A pipeline was built to carry clean water to homes.

D. Solar energy was used to heat water.
4.The word 'It' in line 13 refers to ______.

A. running water
B. the pump 
C. the pineline 
D. the supply of water

5.What does the author think about his time with OV?
A. It was paid a lot of money.

B. It was not worth working.
C. It wasted time.

D. It provided good experience.

IX. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word(s) for each of the blanks.
In the United States, volunteering is viewed as a good way to give children a sense
of (32) ______ reponsibility and to bring the family together. Volunteerism is (33) ______
across the United States today because people are trying to put more emphasis on family

togetherness, and they are looking for ways to help young people have a feeling of hope
and satisfaction. It is (35) ______ that volunteering helps children discover their talents,
develop their skills, and learn about (36) ______ and problem solving. Moreover, family
volunteering has some advantages it benefits the community that is served it benefits the
family for serving together, and it benefits each (40) ______ in the family.

1.A. commune B. communal C. communion D. community

2.A. growing B. traveling C. extending D. forming

3.A. regarded B. believed C. concerned D. accepted

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5.A. character B. community C. personnel D. individual

UNIT 5: ILLITERACY
Nạn mù chữ 
A. VOCABULARY

1. illiteracy (n): nạn mù chữ, sự thất học
2. illiterate (adj): mù chữ, thất học

3. volunteer (n/ v): người tình nguyện, 
tình nguyện

4. voluntary (adj): tình nguyện
5. voluntarily (adv): tình nguyện

6. eradicate (v): xóa bỏ, tiệt trừ
7. eradication (n): sự xóa bỏ
8. remote (adj): xa xôi

9. universal (adj): thế giới, phổ thông, phổ 
quát, chung.

10. promote (v) đẩy mạnh, xúc tiến
11. population (n): dấn số

12. campaign (n): chiến dịch

13. e thnic minority: dân tợc ít người.
14. provide so with st: cung cấp ai với gì
15. provide st for so: cung cấp gì cho ai

16. participate in (v): = take care of: tham gia
17. struggle (v/ n): đấu tranh

18. compare with = in comparison with: so 
sánh với

19. e ducate (v): giáo dục
20. education (n): sự giáo dục
21. mature (adj): trưởng thành

22. maturity (n): tính trưởng thành, tính 
chín chắn.

23. relevant (adj): có liên quan
24. opportunity (n) cơ hợi, thời cơ
25. adult (n): người trưởng thành

26. government (n): chính phủ
27. o rganize (v): tổ chức

28. organization (n): sự tổ chức
29. information (n): thông tin
30. society (n): xã hôi

31. social (adj): thuộc về xã hội
B.GRAMMAR: Reported speech with INFINITIVE

Ex1: “Stop talking!” said the teacher

The teacher told him to stop talking.
Ex2: “I’ll come to see you again,” she said.

She promised to come to see us again

C. EXERCISE

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

1. A. so B. show C. though D. who

2. A ethnic B. northern C. healthy D. south

3. A. minority B. literacy C. primary D. library
4. A. eradicate B. campaign C. vacation D. transport
5. A. struggle B. maturity C. student D. education
II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

1. A. country B. campaign C. ethnic D. family
2. A. education B. literacy C. interview D. difficulty
3. A. vacation B. society C. agreement D. adequate
4. A. volunteer B. struggle C. promise D. concentrate
5. A. education B. universal C. eradication D. population
III. Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

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1. Living in the wild, animals have to ___struggle____for survival.

2. You need to have all the ___relevant__documents ready when you apply for a visa.
3. The local government is trying hard to ____eradicate___bird flu in the area.

4. This organization works to ____promote____friendship between nations.

5. It’s essential to _____educate___the public about the importance of forests and other
resources.

IV. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. Once we have all relevant information, we can make a decision.

A. correct B. connected C. available D. confidential
2. The government has launched a ______ aimed at educating young people
about the dangers of drugs.

A. struggle B. program C. combat D. campaign

3. People judged to be functionally _____lack the basic reading and writing skills.
A. literate B. literacy C. illiterate D. illiteracy
4. The students were asked to ______ reading and writing skills to the villagers.

A. deliver B. express C. provide D. support

5. More work has been done to eradicate illiteracy in our country.

A. put up with B. get rid of C. take control of D. cut down on
6. There were no signs of a _______at the murder scene.

A. fight B. struggle C. move D. A&B are correct
7. There has been some _______ in military spending this year.

A. decrease B. reduction C. cut D. all are correct
8. Children living in remote and mountainous areas may be _______

disadvantaged.

A. educated B. education C. educational D. educationally 
V. Complete the following sentences by using the verbs below.

Refuse advise offer promise tell

1. “Do this exercise carefully.”

He ___told____ us to do that exercise.
2. “You’d better stop smoking.”

They ___advised____ me to stop smoking.
3. Would you like something to drink?”

He ___offered____ to give us some drink.
4. “I won’t help you with that exercise.”

He ___refused____ to help him with that exercise.
5. “I’ll bring you some drink.”

He ___promised____ to bring us some drink.

VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following 
questions.

1. They asked ______ our bags outside the exam room.

A. to leave B. us to leave C. we leave D. us leaving
2. Please ask the restaurant clientele ______ in the no smoking area.

A. not to smoke B. not smoking C. don't smoke D. not smoke
3. I had no _______ in making myself understood.

A. difficulty B. difficulties C. problem D. mess
4. A group of people from a particular or of a particular race living in a country

where the main group is of different culture or race is called ______
A. mountaineers B. ethnic minority

C. nations D. undeveloped people

5. You’re _______ your time trying to persuade him; he’ll never help you.
A. wasting B. spending C. losing D. missing

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6. The most important thing we should do now is to tackle the problem of
widespread ______

A. illiterate B. illiteracy C. literate D. literacy
7. Someone told us _______ sit on the stairs.

A. don’t B. not C. not to D. to not
8. “Don’t forget to ring me”

A. I advised David to ring me B. I reminded David to ring me
C. I offered to be rung D. You promised to ring me
9. The doctor advised him _______ and to take up some sport.

A. stop smoke B. stop smoking

C. to stop smoking D. to stop to smoke
10.He advised me _______ anything about it for the time being.

A. didn't do B. not do C. don't do D. not to do

VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each 
question.

1. She promised coming to see us again.
A (to come) B C D
2. David asked me telling him the time.

A (to tell)B C D

3. I warned them not climb the mountain in such bad weather.
 A B (to climb) C D

4. They voluntarily spent their vacations to teach illiterate people to read & write.
 A (teaching) B C D
5. The museum guard asked the visitors to not touch the exhibits.
 A B C (not to touch) D

VII. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions below.

The traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to
read and write, or the ability to use language to read, write, listen, and
speak. In modern contexts, It refers to reading and writing at a level
adequate for communication, or at level that lets one understand and
communicate ideas in a literate society, so as to take part in that
society. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) has drafted the following definition: " Literacy is the
ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute,
using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts.
Literacy involves a continuum of learning to enable an individual to achieve
his or her goals, to develop his or her knowledge and potential, and to
participate fully in the wider society."

Policy makers also argue that literacy increases job opportunities and
access to higher education. In Kerala, India, for example, female and child
mortality rates declined dramatically in the 1960s, when the girls who were
educated in the educational reforms after 1948 began to raise
families. Recent researchers, however, argue that correlations such as the
one listed above may have more to do with the effects of schooling rather
than literacy in general. Regardless, the focuses of educational systems
worldwide include a basic concept around communication through text and
print, which is the foundation of most definitions of literacy.

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literacy rates can vary widely from region to region. This often coincides with
the region's wealth or urbanization, though many factors play a role.

1. According to UNESCO, what is the definition of Literacy?

"Literacy is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create,

communicate and compute, using printed and written materials associated
with varying contexts. Literacy involves a continuum of learning to enable 
an individual to achieve his or her goals, to develop his or her knowledge 
and potential, and to participate fully in the wider society."

2. According to policy makers what is the advantage of Literacy?

Literacy increases job opportunities and access to higher education
3. Which areas have the lowest literacy rates?

Asian, Arab and Sub-Sahara countries

4. What is the illiteracy rate in developed countries?

Developed countries have illiteracy rates of a few percent

IX. Rewrite the following sentences using REPORTED SPEECH with INFINITIVE
1. “I really think you ought to take a rest” he said.

He advised me to take a rest.

2. “Ok, I’ll pick you up at seven tonight” said Mark.
Mark agreed to pick her up at seven.

3. “Don’t forget to feed the cats, Jim.” Mrs. Young told Jim.
Mrs. Young reminded Jim to feed the cats.

4. “I’ll look after the plants. Don’t worry” Lucy said.
Lucy promised to look after the plants.

5. “If I were you, I would take that job,” said James’ father.
James’ father advised him to take that job.

UNIT 6: COMPETITIONS

C. EXERCISES

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

1. A. drive B. driving C. driver D. driven

2. A. went B. answer C. work D. weld

3. A. two B. twenty C. twist D. twice

4. A. which B. whip C. who D. whether

5. A. twelve B. trench C. member D. result

II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

1. A. maximum B. athletics C. animals D. general
2. A. competition B. difficulty C. representative D. entertainment

3. A. important B. championship C. organize D. finalist

4. A. minority B. eradicate C. traditional D. preparation

5. A. suggest B. report C. profit D. career

III. Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

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Sponsored stimulate score representatives disappointed participate exciting
1. The competition was sponsored by the Students' Parents Society.

2. A maximum score for each activity is 15 points.

3. The final competition included the representatives of three classes
4. I felt extremely disappointed when we lost

5. To participate in the contest, you have to work in groups of three

IV. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. I would like to take part in the competitions like these?

A. contests B. rivals C. participation D. races
2. I hate ... a child ... .

A. see/ crying B. see/ cry C. seeing/ to cry D. seeing/ cry

3. They had a really good chance of winning the national ...

A. compete B. competition C. competitor D. competitive
4. ______ is someone who takes part in sports competitions.

A. Judge B. Sportsman C. Athletic D. Sponsor
5. I am pleased to …………..the winner of the final competition. It's Group B.

A. recite B. announce C. explain D. appoint

6. How many…………..are there in the competition.

A. participates B. participants C. participations D. participative
7. He apologized ………….. not being able to complete the poem.

A. in B. on C. of D. for

8. Time was ………….., and the judges announced the results.

A. out B. up C. off D. down

V. Put the following statements into indirect speech.
1. “Let’s go this way”

 He suggested going this way

2. “I didn’t say that”
She denied saying that

3. “I’ll pay for the meal.”

 Sarah insisted on paying for the meal

4. "You stole my watch."

Tim accused me of stealing his watch

5. “I’m sorry, I was rude to you yesterday”, I said to him.
 I apologized him for being rude to him yesterday

6. “It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much,” Tom said
 Tom thanked me for helping him

7. “I hear you passed your exam. Congratulation!” Nam said to me.
 Nam congratulated me on passing my exam

8. “I won’t allow you to get in touch with him”

 Her father prevented her from getting in touch with him

VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. "I didn't break the mobile phone," Lan said.

A. Lan denied breaking the mobile phone.

B. Lan admitted breaking the mobile phone.
C. Lan prevented us from breaking the mobile phone
D. Lan promised to break the mobile phone.

2. “Why don’t you put a better lock on the door?" said John.
A. John suggested to put a better lock on the door.

B. John asked why not putting a better lock on the door.

C. John suggested putting a better lock on the door.

D. John made us put a better lock on the door.
3. “I’m sorry I have to leave so early,” he said.

A. He apologized for having to leave early.

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C. He apologized that he has to leave early.
D. He apologized to have left early.

4. “ I am sorry. I broke the vase,” my little son said.

A. My little son said that he was sorry and he would break the vase.
B. My little son refused breaking the vase and said sorry.

C. My little son threatened to break the vase.

D. My little son admitted breaking the vase.

5. “Thank you very much for your help, John” said Daisy.

A. Daisy thanked John for helping her. B. Daisy told John to help her.

C. Daisy wanted John to help her and said thanks. D. Daisy would like John to help her.
VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each question.
1. My brother has always dreamed to be a famous film star . (of being)

A B C D

2. The rain prevented us for climbing to the top of the mountain (from climbing)

A B C D

3. The old lady warned the boy about touching that flower. (against)

A B C D

4. My little son admitted breaking the vase last night. (having broken)

A B C D

5. Daisy looked forward to give her mother some more money. (to giving)

A B C D

VIII. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
VOLUNTEERS ABROAD

More and more young people are ... (1) ... voluntary work abroad. The wild variety of jobs and
destinations available is making it an increasingly attractive option for those who have just left
school and have a year free before university. Many choose to spend these twelve months working
in poor countries. There they will earn little ... (2) ... no money. But they will be doing something
useful – and enjoying the experience.

The work may ... (3) ... of helping the local communities, for example by helping to build new
road or provide water supplies to isolated rural villages. Other projects may concentrate more on
conservation or environmental protection. ... (4) ... kind of job it is, it is certain to be ... (5) ... and
worthwhile, and an experience that will never be forgotten.

1. A. doing B. making C. taking D. getting

2. A. with B. but C. or D. and

3. A. consist B. include C. contain D. involve

4. A. Any B. What C. However D. Whatever

5. A. challenging B. dangerous C. difficult D. attracted

IX. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word(s) for each of the blanks.

Sumo wrestling is a national sport in Japan. Every year there are six ----(1)---and millions of
Japanese watch them on T.V.A tournament is a ___(2)_______ of matches.

Sumo is almost as old as the nation of Japan itself .Stories say that there was sumo wrestling
over two thousand years ago. History says that there were national sumo tournaments in the
eighteen century.

Often _____(3)_____ are thin and can move quickly. It is beautiful to watch them play.
However, sumo wrestler___(4)____from 100 to 160 kilos. One famous wrestler weighed195 kilos.
Sumo wrestlers do not look beautiful, and sumo wrestling is a very slow sport.

Sumo wrestlers ____(5)_____ training when they are boys. They exercise to make their bodies
strong. They also eat and eat and eat.

1. A. tournaments B. fights C. games D.meeting.

2.A. groups B.series C.number D.players

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4.A.move B.change C.divide D.weigh

5.A.move B.set C.set off D.start

X. Arrange these words or groups of words in the correct order.
1. The boy/ the girl/ told/he/ her watch / hadn’t broken.

The boy told the girl he hadn't broken her watch

2. She/me/ was talking/ told /he/ her/ sister/to

She told me he was talking to her sister

3. Mathew/ going out/ lunch/ suggested / for

Mathew suggested going out for lunch

4. when/to/I/got/ already/ the theatre/had/the movie/ started/.

When I got to the theatre, the movie had already started

5. how long/you/learnt/English/have?

How long have you learnt English?

TEST YOURSELF B

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest:

1. A. honey B. humor C. honest D. helicopter

2. A. dangerous B. passenger C. village D. eager

3. A. earning B. learning C. searching D. clearing

II. Pick out the word having the main stress different from the others.

1. A. loyalty B. changeable C. enthusiasm D. memorable
2. A. celebrate B. handicapped C. disadvantaged D. attitude

3. A. competition B. annual C. final D. stimulate

III. Choose the best option.

1. When she retired, she did a lot of……. service for the Red Cross.

A. voluntary B. voluntarily C. volunteer D. voluntarism

2. He spent his money carelessly and became broke.

A. If he doesn’t spend his money carelessly, he will not become broke
B. If he didn’t spend his money carelessly, he would not become broke .

C. If he hadn’t spent his money carelessly, he wouldn’t have become broke

D. If he did spend his money carelessly, he would become broken.

3. Some high school students take part ... helping disadvantaged or handicapped
children.

A. at B. with C. for D. in

4. Nam was watching TV last night when his friend ...

A. calls B.call C. called D. was calling

5. They ... in this house since 1990.

A. had lived B. live C. have lived D. lived

6. If it ... nice, I would go for a walk.

A. were B. was C. is D. had been

7. We enjoyed ... them again after so many years.

A. see B. seeing C. saw D. to see

8. John congratulated us...passing our exams.

A. on B. at C. from D. about

9. Tom suggested ... to the new branch in Vietnam.

A. being appointed B. to be appointed C. to appoint D. appointing

10. “Thanks a lot for coming to the party”, the host said to the guests.
A. The host said thanks a lot for coming to the party.

B. The host requested coming to the party.
C. The host proposed coming to the party.

D. The host thanked the guests for coming to the party.

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C. Harry apologized to Mary for having forgotten her birthday.

D. Harry really felt a pity not to remember Mary’s birthday.
12. My friend………

A. suggested us going for a walk. B. suggested going for a walk.

C. advised to go for a walk. D. would like going for a walk.
13. We should take care of war invalids and family of martyrs.

A. look into B. look for C. look after D. look at
14. The plants need ... daily.

A. to water B. watering C. be watered D. being water
15. The doctor advised him ... and to take up some sport.

A. stop smoke B. stop smoking C. to stop smoking D. to stop to smoke
16. ”Don’t touch that sharp piece of glass on the ground” she said

She warned us against……….
A. touch the sharp piece of glass on the ground
B. not touch the sharp piece of glass on the ground

C. touching the sharp of glass on the ground

D. touching the sharp piece of glass on the ground with carefully
17. ”You’ve stolen my document” Sandra said to the man in black.

Sandra accused……….

A. the man in black of having stolen her document

B. having stolen her document

C. the man in black having stolen her document
D. having stolen her document of the man in black
18. “This man spoke to me on the road.”, said the woman.
A. The woman said that man had spoken to me on the road.
B. The woman said that man has spoken to her on the road.
C. The woman said that man spoke to her on the road.
D. The woman said that man had spoken to her on the road.

19. The teacher said to Mike, “Does your father work at a factory?”
A. The teacher asked Mike if his father worked at a factory.

B. The teacher asked Mike if his father works at a factory.
C. The teacher asked Mike if your father worked at a factory.
D. The teacher asked Mike if your father works at a factory.
20. Father said to Peter, “Have you done your homework yet?”
A. Father asked Peter if he had done your homework.
B. Father asked Peter if you had done his homework.
C. Father asked Peter if he has done his homework.

D. Father asked Peter if he had done his homework.

IV. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each question.
1. Peter apologized for break the vase. (breaking)

A B C D

2. You can congratulate yourself about having done an excellent job. ( on )

A B C D

3. Each nation has many people who voluntary take care of others. (voluntarily)

A B C D
4. While I did my homework, I had a good idea. (was doing)

A B C D

V. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

A YEAR WITH OVERSEAS VOLUNTEERS

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got used to living there. The people were always very friendly and helpful, and soon I began to
appreciate how beautiful the countryside was.

One of my jobs was to supply the village with water. The well was a long walk away. And
the women used to spend a long time every day carrying heavy pots backwards and forwards. So I
contacted the organization and arranged to have some pipes delivered. We built a simple pipeline
and a pump, and it worked first time. It wasn’t perfect – there were a few leaks, but it made a great
difference to the villagers, who had never had running water before. And not only did we have
running water, but in the evening it was hot, because the pipe had been lying in the sun all day.
All in all, I think my time with OV was a good experience. Although it was not well-paid, it
was well worth doing, and I would recommend it to anyone who was considering working for a
charity.

1. How did the author feel when he arrived in the village?

A. surprised B. depressed C. impressed D. disappointed

2. Which of the following is not true?

A. A pipeline was built to carry clean water to homes.
B. Solar energy was used to heat water.

C. The villagers used to live in conditions without running water.
D. It took a lot of time to take water home from the well.

3. The author ……….

A. used to be a volunteer working in a remote village B. has been working for OV for a year
C. was born in a rich family D. is living in the capital N’Djamena
4. What does the author think about his time with OV?

A. It was paid a lot of money B. It was not worth working

C. It wasted time D. It provided good experience

5. The word “It “in line 9 refers to ……….. .

A. running water B. the pump C. the pipeline D. the supply of water

UNIT 7: WORLD POPULATION
Dân số thế giới

A. V0CABULARY

1. figure (n) con số 6. increase (v) tăng lên
2. resource (n) nguồn tài nguyên 7. decrease (v) giảm xuống
3. limit (v) giới hạn, hạn chế 8. support (v) chu cấp
4. petroleum (n) dầu hỏa 9. available (adj) có sẵn 
5. family planning (n) kế hoạch hóa gđ 10. probably (adv) có lẽ, có thể
11. raise animal nuôi động vật 16. aware of (adj) ý thức
12. birth-control method: pp hạn chế ss 17. explosion (n) sự bùng nổ
13. overpopulation (n) sự đông dân quá mức 18. living standard (n) mức sống
14. shortage (n) sự thiếu hụt 19. strictly (adv) một cách nghiêm khắc
15. implement (v) thực thi 20. expert (n) chuyên gia

21. double (v) gấp đôi 26. policy (n) chính sách

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23. insurance (n) bảo hiểm 28. rank (v) xếp hạng
24. reward (n) phần thưởng 29. distribute (v) phân bổ
25. religion (n) tôn giáo 30. reach (n) đạt đến 
B. GRAMMAR

Conditional Sentences

Type If- Clause Main Clause Meaning

1. Real
Condition in
Present or
Future

S + V0/s/es

be  am/is/are S + will / can/ may + V0

Diễn tả điều kiện có thể
xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc

tương lai.
2. Unreal

Condition in
Present

S + V2/ ed

be  was/ were

S + would/ could + V0

should/ might

Diễn tả điều kiện trái với
hiện tại, không thật ở hiện

tại.
3. Unreal

Condition in the
Past

S + had + V3/ed

(Past Perfect)

S + would + have
+V3/ed

could
should

Diễn tả điều kiện trái với
quá khứ, không thật ở quá

khứ.
Ex: If it rains tonight, I’ll stay at home.

If I were you, I would sing a song.

If I had met him last night, I would have told him about you.
- If… not = unless

Ex: 1. You will be late for dinner, if you don't hurry.
= You will be late for dinner unless you hurry

- Conversion (Đảo ngữ với if)

Ex: 1. If you should see Tom this evening, tell him to phone me.
 = Should you see Tom this evening, tell him to phone me.
2. If I weren’t rich, I wouldn’t help you.

= Were I not rich, I wouldn’t help you.

3. If I had taken his advice, I’d have succeeded been successful.
 = Had I taken his advice, I’d have succeeded been successful. 
4. If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be tired now.
 = Had I not stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be tired now.
Conditional in Reported speech:

Example:

1. “If you don’t study, you won’t pass the exam”, the teacher said to Lan.

 The teacher told Lan (that) if she didn’t study, she wouldn’t pass the exam.
2. “What would you do if you had a lot of money?”, Mary asked Tom.

 Mary asked Tom what he would do if he had a lot of money.

3. “I would have got high mark if the fifteen-minute test had been easy”, Minh said.

 Minh told me (that) he would have got high mark if the fifteen-minute test had been 
easy.

 Form:

 Note:

+ Change pronouns, time expressions, adverbs, … if necessary.

+ Change the tense of verb in conditional sentence type 1, type 2 (unforced)
+ Unchanged the tense of verb in conditional sentence type 2 and type 3. 
C. Exercises

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. A. competition B. prosperity C. population D. solution

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2. A. we B. west C. wife D. snow

3.A. finished B. placed C. tucked D. removed

4. A. two B. twenty C. twist D. twice

5. A. smoothly B. three C. enthusiasm D. think

II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

1.A. available B. population C. petroleum D. expectedly
2. A. instead B. interesting C. expected D. resources
3. A. figure B. double C. different D. support
4. A. research B. decrease C. available D. government
5.

A. probably B. animal C. petroleum D. different
III.

Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

estimated overpopulation supported control
improvement decrease overgrowth financial
1. There has been some _____decrease_____ in military spending this year.

2. Many developing countries in the world have paid much attention to problems of _

overpopulation_______.

3. We must make the most efficient use of the available ___ financial _____ resources.
4. Progress in science and __ improvement _______ of living conditions have led the rapid

growth of the world population.

5. In 2000, the United Nations __ estimated____ that the world’s population was growing at the 
rate of 1.14% (or about 75 million people) per year.

IV.

Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. One third of the world’s _________ consumes two thirds of the world resources.

A. people B. men C. population D. human

2. The practice of controlling the number of children a person has, using various methods
of contraception is called _________.

A. family planning B. birth control C. population D. A & B

3. China’s population growth rate has _________ in the past years, although its
population is still _________.

A. declined – decreasing B. dounled – increasing
C. increased – decreasing D. decreased – increasing

4. To _________ is to become, or make something become, twice as much or as many.

A. increase B. double C. decrease D. rise up

5. It has been predicted that the world’s population might reach the _________ of about 7
billion.

A. figure B. amount C. quantity D. totality

6. The government is considering a policy to equalize the _________ of resources.
A. arrangement B. distribution C. order D. rank

7. It is time that governments _________ levels of environmental pollution.

A. reduced B. decreased C. dropped D. A and B

8. A sudden large increase in the number of people in an area is called a _________ .
A. population explosion B. population crisis

C. population increase D. population growth
V. Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct form.

1. If I (know) ___ had known_ the time when the match started, I would have told you. 
2. Bring him another if he ( not like) __ doesn’t like _____ this one.

3 A lot of people ___ would be_______ (be) out of work if the factory closed down. 
4. If I (not catch) had not caught the rain yesterday, I (not be) would have not been__ill.
5. If Mary (find) _____ finds _______ a cheap room, she will stay a fortnight.

VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. If I ______ a wish, I would wish for happiness for my family.

A. have B. am having C. had D. was having

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B. if I had had an umbrella with me

C. unless I had had an umbrella with me
D. if I have an umbrella with me

3. ____________his address, I would have written before.
A. As I had known B. If I knew
C. Unless I had known D. Had I known
4. If he ____ me, I’ll be ready to help him.

A. will ask B. ask C. to ask D. asks

5. If I had the map now, I ______ a short-cut across the desert.

A. could take B. take C. could have taken D. can take
6. If I had learned harder ,_____________.

A. I wouldn’t failed the exam.

B. I wouldn’t have failed the exam .
C. I wouldn’t have passed the exam .
D. I would have failed the exam .

7. ______________, the workers will stop working.

A. Unless the working conditions are improved.
B. If the working conditions are improved.

C. Unless the working conditions are not improved.
D. If not the working conditions are improved.
8. Let’s knock on their door to see _____ home.

A. if they’re B. unless they’re C. whether they were D. if they were
9. If I ________ you tonight, __________ at home?

A. will phone – will you be B. Phoned – would you be
C. phone – will you be D. will phone – are you
10. _______ interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it.

A. Should I B. Were I C. I was D. If I am

VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each 
question.

1. They wouldn’t have order more books if they had noticed that the sales were falling.
 A B C D

2. Had I heard the news last night, I would tell you about it.
A B C D

3. They can’t pay the rent unless their parents don’t send them some money.
 A B C D

4. If you listen to the questions carefully, you would answer them easily.
 A B C D

5. Tom said if he had had to do some homework tonight, he would not be able to attend

A B C D

the concert.

VIII. Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions below it.

The population of the world has increased more in modern times than in all other
ages of history combined. World population totalled about 500 million in 1650. It doubled in
the period from 1650-1850. Today the population is more than 5 billion. Estimates based
on research by the United Nations indicate that it will more than double in the twenty-five
years between 1975 and the year 2000, reaching seven billion by the turn of the century.

No one knows the limits of population that the earth can support. Thomas Malthus,
an English economist, developed a theory that becomes widely accepted in the nineteenth
century. He suggested that because world population tended to increase more rapidly than
the food supply, a continual strain was exerted upon available resources. Malthus cited
wars, famines, epidemics and other disasters as the usual limitations of population growth.
1. According to the paragraph, by 1850 approximately, what was the world population?

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2. Who was Thomas Malthus?
An economist

3. According to Thomas Malthus, what could be the usual limitations of population growth?
According to Thomas Malthus, wars, famines, epidemics and other disasters 
could be the usual limitations of population growth

4. According to the expert, did the major risk relate to overpopulation is to lack food
supplies?

Yes, it did.

IX. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word(s) for each of the blanks. 
China is the most populous country of the world. Its (1) __________ is approximately
1.3 billion people, which is almost 22% of the world population. The population density is
high in the southeast: 43 percent of the land contains most of its population. A quarter of
the population of China is in the middle and lower parts of the Yangtze River, and the
population density (2) __________ 663 people per square kilometer. Shanghai is China's
largest city, (3) _________population density reaches 2,upload.123doc.net people per
square kilometer.

China's population growth rate has (4) _____in the past years, although its population
is still increasing. In the 1970s, the government started to implement birth (5)
_____programs to the people: late marriage, late childbearing, a one-child family, and a
four-year period between two births in the countryside where each couple may have more
than one child,

1. A. pollution B. population C. environment D. land
2. A. reaches B. gets C. arrives D. comes
3. A. where B. who C. whose D. which
4. A. increased B. improved C. developed D. decreased
5. A. control B. rate C. place D. right

X. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer or the sentence that is closest in 
meaning to each of the following questions.

1. Leave now or we will miss the train.

A. We will miss the train unless we don't hurry.
 B. We will miss the train if we don’t hurry.
C. We will miss the train if we hurry.

D. We won't miss the train unless we hurry up.

2. "I will come to see you if I have time," the man said to her.
A. The man said to her I will come to see her if I had time.

B. The man said to her he would come to see her if she had time.
C. The man told her he would come to see her if he had time. 
D. The man told her I would come to see you if I had time.

3. We did not visit the museum because we had no time.
A. If we had had time, we will visit the museum.
B. If we have time, we will visit the museum.
C. If we had time, we would visit the museum.

D. If we had had time, we would have visited the museum.
4. I / be you / take / job

A. If I am you, I’ll take the job.
B. If I were you, I’d take the job.

C. If I were you, I’ll take the job.
D. If I weren’t you, I didn’t take the job.

5. If / you / not help / I / not meet / my brother / last month .
A. If you didn’t help me, I didn’t meet my brother last month.
B. If you hadn’t helped, I couldn’t meet my brother last month.
C. Had not you helped, I wouldn’t have met my brother last month.

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Unit 8: CELEBRATIONS
Những ngày lễ hội

1. V0CABULARY

agrarian (adj) thuộc về nông nghiệp peach flower (n) hoa đào
comment (n, v) (lời) nhận xét candied (adj) tẩm đường

dress up (phr.v) ăn mặc đep banner (n) biểu ngữ, băng rol
fireworks (n) pháo hoa pray (v) cầu nguyện 
get together (n) tụ tập, đoàn tụ shrine (n) đền thờ
grand (adj) hoành tráng, quang trọng pagoda (n) Chùa

green bean (n) đậu xanh decorate (n) trang trí, trang hồng
influence (v) ảnh hưởng bell (n) cái chuông

kumquat tree (n) cây quất represent (v) đại diện

longevity (n) trường thọ polite (adj) lịch sự, lễ phép
lucky money (n) tiền mừng tuổi Thanksgiving lễ tạ ơn

parade (n) cuộc diễu hành Valentine’s day lễ tình nhân
pine tree (n) cây thông Mid-autumn festival tết trung thu
plum (n) quả mận, cây mận mask (n) mặt nạ
apricot flower (n) hoa mai turkey (n) gà tây

B. GRAMMAR

A. The indefinite pronoun ONE(S)
EX: Which flower do you like?

- I like the yellow flower. = I like the yellow one.
Which fruits do you like?

- I like the big fruits. = I like the big ones

Use: Chúng ta dùng ONE thay vi lặp lại một danh từ đếm được sớ ít và ONES thay vì lặp
lại một danh từ số nhiều khi sự việc hoặc sự vật mà chúng ta ḿn nói đến đã rõ ràng.
B. The indefinite pronouns

1. Some & someone, somebody, something
Some được dùng trong

 câu khẳng định

ex: They bought some honey.

 câu hỏi mà người hỏi cho rằng câu trả lời sẽ là “yes”
ex: Did some of you sleep on the floor?

 lời mời, lời đề nghị hay yêu cầu
ex: Would you like some wine?

Someone, somebody and something cũng được sử dụng theo nguyên tắc trên.
Ex: Someone/ Somebody gave me a ticket for the pop concert.

2. Any & anyone, anybody and anything
Any được dùng :

 trong câu phủ định
ex: I don’t have any dogs

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 Sau if/ whether và những cụm từ diễn tả sự nghi ngờ

ex: I don’t think there is any petrol in the tank.

Anyone, anybody and anything cũng được sử dụng theo nguyên tắc trên.
3. No & no one, nobody, nothing

No có thể được dùng với động từ khẳng định để diễn đạt ý phủ định.
ex: I have no apples = ( I don’t have any apple)

No one, nobody, nothing cũng được sử dụng theo nguyên tắc trên.
4. Every & everyone, everybody , everything

Every được dùng để chỉ MỌI (MỖI) người, vật…
ex: We watch TV every day.

Những từ ghép có every như everyone, everybody, everything được dùng đễ chỉ tất cả 
mọi người hoặc mọi vật.

ex: I bought everything you wanted.

Someone somebody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody có thể dùng ở dạng sở hữu.
ex: Someone’s passport has been stolen.

They, them and their thường được dùng để chỉ someone, anybody, no one … Với 
something, anything, nothing…chúng ta dùng it.

ex: No one saw Tom go out, did they?
Something went wrong, didn’t it?

C. EXERCISES

I. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that 
of the others.

1. A. country B. lunar C. luck D. plum

2. A. special B. breath C. peach D. pleasure

3. A. sugar B. such C. spring D. similar

4. A. exchange B. children C. peach D. machine

5. A. shrine B. ripe C. agrarian D. polite

II.

Choose the word that has main stress placed differently from the others.
1. A. celebrate B. decorate C. entertain D. influence

2. A. polite B. popular C. pagoda D. agrarian

3. A. longevity B. calendar C. parade D. occasion
4. A. represent B. exchange C. receiving D. prepare
5. A. constancy B. festival C. activity D. comment
III.

Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

celebrated agrarian festival occasion excitement longevity influence preparations
1. New Year's Day is the festival of the year expected to bring most joy to everyone in

China

2. Thanksgiving is celebrated in the US on the fourth Thursday in November.
3. In Viet Nam, there is great excitement built up well before Tet Nguyen Dan.

4. People believe that what they do on the first day of the year will influence their luck 
during the whole year.

5. People usually make preparations for Tet several weeks beforehand.
IV.

Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following 
questions

1/ The whole family usually tries to get together at Christmas.

A. contact B. gather C. relate D. communicate

2/ Tet is really a time of fun and _______ throughout the country.

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A. long life B. happy life C. easy life D. exciting life
4/ Jane is a very sociable girl. She likes parties and ______.

A. rituals B. ceremonies C. traditions D.

celebrations

5/ On the first -day of Tet, children _______ their new clothes and make New Year's
wishes to their parents.

A. take on B. pick on C. put on D. try on

6/ I shook hands and ______ a few words with the manager.

A. uttered B. expressed C. exchanged D.

converted

7/ Children are always ______ about Tet holiday.

A. excited B. interested C. keen D. concerned

8/ Agrarian people depend on the lunar calendar to prepare for their crops.
A. gardeners B. planters C. farmers D. highlanders
V. Complete these sentences with someone, something, anyone, anything, no 
one, nothing, everyone, and everything.

1/ We arranged the meeting, but no one came.

2/ The earthquake destroyed everything within a 25-mile radius.
3/ I thought I heard someone knocking at the door.

4/ I always get to work before anyone else.

5/ She valued friendship more than anything in the world.

VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1/ I looked everywhere but I couldn't find ____________ at all.

A. no one B. anyone C. someone D. somebody

2/ She has as good chance as ____________ of winning the race.

A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one

3/ Were there any calls for me?

– Yes, ____________ rang while you were out.

A. someone B. anyone C. no one D. A & B
4/ I threw my old trainers and bought some new ____________.

A. ones B. one C. some D. any

5/ There’s ____________ waiting outside to see you. She didn’t tell me her name.

A. no one B. anyone C. someone D. everyone

6/ There are two films on TV this evening. Which ____________ would you prefer to
see?

A. one B. ones C. someone D. anyone

7/ Do you need thick paper or thin ____________?

A. anyone B. everyone C. one D. ones

8/ We all know the man is a thief, don’t we?

– Yes, ____________ knows, but ____________ dares to say so publicly.

A. someone/ no one B. everyone/ no one
C. anyone/ no one D. anyone/ someone
9/ Can you please check that ____________ has got a ticket?

A. someone B. anyone C. no one D. everyone 
10/ I would like to offer a small reward to ____________ who finds my missing dog.

A. someone B. anyone C. no one D. one

VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each 
question.

1/ Has everyone seen Lucy recently? I haven't seen her several days. (anyone)
A B C D

2/ He didn't want something to do with the arrangements for the party. (anything)
A B C D

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4/ Have everybody remembered to bring pen and notebook? (Has)
A B C D

5/ The material felt softer than everything she had ever touched before. (anything)
A B C D

VIII

. Read the passage carefully and the answer the following questions.

Thanksgiving is celebrated in the US on the fourth Thursday in November. For
many Americans it is the most important holiday apart from Christmas. Schools, offices

and most businesses close for Thanksgiving, and many people make the whole weekend
a vacation.

Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to North
America. They arrived at the beginning of a very hard winter and could not find enough
food to eat, so many of them died. But in the following summer Native Americans showed
them what foods were safe to eat, so that they could save food for the next winter. They
held a big celebration to thank God and the Native Americans for the fact that they had
survived.

Today people celebrate Thanksgiving to remember these early days. The most
important part of the celebration is a traditional dinner with foods that come from North
America. The meal includes turkey, sweet potatoes and cranberries, which are made into
a kind of sauce or jelly. The turkey is filled with stuffing or dressing, and many families
have their own special recipe. Dessert is pumpkin made into pipe.

On Thanksgiving there are special television programs and sports events.
Thanksgiving is considered the beginning of the Christmas period, and the next day many
people go out to shop for Christmas presents.

1/ Do students go to school on Thanksgiving?
 No, they don’t.

2/ Are there special programs on Thanksgiving?
Yes, there are.

3/ When and where is Thanksgiving celebrated?

Thanksgiving is celebrated in the US on the fourth Thursday in November.
4/ What does the meal include?

It includes turkey, sweet potatoes and cranberries.
5. Why do people celebrate Thanksgiving?

To remember the early days they came to North America and to thank God and 
 Native Americans for surviving them.

IX/ Read the passage and choose the best answer for each blank.
GOING TO A WEDDING

I am going to a wedding ______(1)______Saturday. My great friend, Marie, and her
fiancé, George, are getting married. They have known each other for five years, but they
have only been going out together a short time. I must say, we were all rather
____(2)_____ when they announced that they were engaged.

The wedding will be in the church near Marie’s home and afterwards there will be a
party in the Church Hall. There will be almost a hundred ____(3)_____ at the party.
Besides both ____(4)_____ families, all Marie’s friends from college will be at the wedding
and Marie and George have also ____(5)_____ a lot of people from the office where they
both work. The party should be great fun. There will be lots of food and drinks. There is
also going to be a band. We all expect that it will go on until late in the evening.

1) A. last B. next C. at D. from

2) A. delightful B. surprised C. amazing D. shocking

3) A. visitors B. guests C. members D. crowds

4) A. my B. their C. her D. his

5) A. called B. discussed C. met D. invited

X. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer or the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following sentence.

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A. You are not advised to know this.
B. Everyone else must be silent.
C. This must be kept secret.

D. You should let every one else know this.
2/ The sooner he stops smoking, the better he'll feel.

A. As soon as he feels better, he'll try to stop smoking.
B. When he stops smoking, he'll begin to feel better.
C. He feels so much better since he stopped smoking.
D. Though he feels better, he still smokes.

3/ The coffee was not strong. It didn't keep us awake.

A. The coffee was very strong, but it couldn't keep us awake.
B. The coffee was so strong that we couldn't sleep.

C. The coffee was not strong enough to keep us awake.
D. We was kept awake because the coffee was strong
4/ I should have studied last night, but I was too tired

A. I couldn't study last night because I was very tired.
B. I studied last night, so I was very tired.

C. I tried to study last night but I felt bored.

D. I didn't study last night because I felt very bored.
5/ It never occurred to me to go by train.

A. I used to go by train.

B. I was used to going by train.
C. I never find it boring to go by train
D. I never thought of going by train.

UNIT 9: THE POST OFFICE 
Bưu điện

A. V0CABULARY

architect (n) kiến trúc sư
architecture (n) khoa kiến trúc
arrogant (adj) kiêu ngạo

bother (v) bỏ công, bỏ sức
brave /breiv/ (adj) can đảm
burglar (n) kẻ trộm

capacity (n) sức chứa; dung lượng
communal (adj) công; chung; công cộng
commune (n) công xã, xã

competitive (a) cạnh tranh

competitively (adv)khả năng cạnh tranh

competitiveness (n) tính cạnh tranh
courteous (adj): polite lick sự
courteously (adv) (một cách) lịch sự
coward (n) người nhát qan

cramped (adj) chật hẹp; tù túng 
customer (n): khách hàng

facsimile (n) fax bản sao; ban fax
to fax (v) gửi fax

graphics (n) hình vẽ; đồ họa
operation (n) hoạt động

make (n) hiệu, mác (hàng hóa)

secure (adj) = safe an tồn
security (n) sự bảo đảm

shoplifter (n) kẻ cắp trong cửa hàng
spacious (adj) rộng rãi

spaciously (adv) một cách rộng rãi 
spaciousness (n) sự rộng rãi

speedy (adj) nhanh chónq

speedily (adv) một cách nhanh chóng
subscribe (v) thuê bao

subscriber (n) người thuê bao

subscription (n) tiền thuê bao

surface mail (n) thư gửi đường bộ hay 
đường biển

technology (n) thiết bị cơng nghệ
technological (adj) (thuộc) cơng nghệ
technologically (adv) có tính công nghệ
telecommunications (n) viễn thông
telecommunication viễn thông
telegram (n) bức điện; bức điện tín
tenant (n) người thuê

transaction (n): sự giao dịch

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network (n) mạng lưới; hệ thống
notify (v) = inform:thông báo

notification (n) sự thông báo; thông báu
orphan (n) trẻ mồ côi

pacifist (n)người theo chủ nghĩa hịabình
pickpocket (n) kẻ móc túi

punctual (adj) đúng giờ
recipient (n) người nhận
reduction (n) sự thu nhỏ
reduce (v) thu nhỏ, giảm

transfer (v) chuyển; di chuyển 
transfer (n) sự chuyển; sự dời chỗ
transferable (adj) có thể di chuyển
transmission (n) sự truyền; sự phát
transmit (v) truyền; phát

release (v) tha; thả; phỏng thích 
Portugal (n) Bồ-đào-nha

Portuguese (adj) (thuộc) Bồ-đào-nha
Portuguese (n) tiếng Bồ-đào-nha; người 
Bồ-đào-nha

B. GRAMMAR:

1. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ XÁC ĐỊNH)

Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (defining/ identifying/ restrictive-clauses) là mệnh đề
được dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước nó. Mệnh đề xác định là mệnh dề
cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu, khơng có nó câu sẽ khơng đủ nghĩa.

Ex: The ma n who told me this refused to give me his name.
 (Người đàn ông cho tôi biết điều này từ chối cho tôi biết tên.)
Đại từ quan hệ được dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.

Subject Object Possessive

For persons
For things

who/ that
which/ that

who(m)/ that
which/ that

whose
whose/ of which
Ex: What’s the name of the man whose car you borrowed?

(Người mà bạn mượn xe tên qì vậy?)

- Dùng that (khơng dùng who/ which) sau tiền tố hổn hợp (gồm cả người Iẫn vật, sự vật), 
sau dạng so sánh nhất và sau các từ chi định lượng all, every (thing), some(tliing), 
any(thing), no(thing), only, little, few, much, none.

Ex: She’s one of the kindest people that I know.

(Bà ấy là một trong những người tốt bụng nhất mà tôi quen.)

- Có thế bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ who(m), which, that và trạng từ when trong 
mệnh đề quan hộ xác định.

Ex: That’s the man (who/ that) I met at Allison’s party.
(Đó là người tơi đã gặp tại buổi tiệc của Allison.)

2. NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSE (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ KHƠNG XÁC ĐỊNH)
Mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định (non-defining/ non-identifying! non-restrictive clauses) là
mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin về một người, một vật hoặc một sự việc đã được xác định.

Mệnh đề không xác định là mệnh đề khơng nhất thiết phải có trong câu, khơng có nó câu
vẫn đủ nghĩa. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định được phân ranh giới với mệnh đề 
chính bằng dâu phẩy (,) hoặc dấu gạch ngang (-).

Ex: This is Ms Rogers, who’s joining the firm next week.
(Đây là cô Rogers, người sẽ vào công ty tuần tới.)

• Đại từ quan hệ dược dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.

Subject Object Possessive

For persons
For things

who

which who/ whomwhich whose/ of whichwhose
Ex: Jake, who lives next door, is a doctor.

(Jake, người sống ở nhà bên cạnh, là bác sĩ.)

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We passed Harrods shop, whose windows were decorated for Christmas.

(Chủng tôi đi ngang qua cửa hàng Harrods, các ơ kính bày hàng của nó đã được trang
hồng cho lễ Giánq Sinh.)

[= ...Harrods shop, the windows of which were decorated...]

- Không dùng that đế giới thiệu mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.
Ex: This is Naomi, who sells the tickets. (Đây là Naomi, người bán vé.)

- Không được bỏ các đại từ hoặc trạng từ làm tân ngữ who(m), which, when trong mệnh đề
quan hệ không xác định.

Ex: Professor Johnson, who(m) I have long admired, is to visit the university next week.
(Giáo sư Johnson, người mà tôi ngưỡng mộ từ lâu, sẽ đến thăm trường vào tuần tới).

C. EXERCISES

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

1. A. facsimile B. transfer C. spacious D. fax

2. A. ready B. friend C. telephone D. speedy

3. A. subscribe B. facsimile C. pride D. provide

4. A. spacious B. courteous C. document D. technology
5. A. commune B. security C. punctuality D. distribute
II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

1. A. technology B. competitive C. facsimile D. document
2. A. courteous B. subscribe C. service D. customer
3. A. transit B. transmit C. transact D. translate

4. A. capacity B. communal C. secure D. imagine

5. A. installation B. disadvantage C. dissatisfied D. disappointed
III.

Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box. 
competitive distribute transmit space
courtesy subscription deliveries dissatisfied
1. All mail deliveries were suspended during the strike.

2. It's only common courtesy to thank someone when they help.

3. Do you wish to take out a full twelve-month subscription to the journal?
4. We offer a wide range' of goods at very competitive prices.

5. If you are dissatisfied with our service, please write to the manager,

IV. Choose one word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence or 
substitutes for the underlined word or phrase.

1. You can subscribe to your favorite newspapers ______ the nearest post office.

A. in B. on C. from D. at

2. He is very capable ______ learning and understanding things.

A. with B. of C. at D. about

3. Thanh Ba Post Office provides customers ______ the Messenger Call Services.

A. with B. for C. of D. to

4. The post office offers the ______ Mail Service which is particularly fast.

A. Secure B. Efficient C. Express D. Reliable

5. We are proud of our ______ staff, who are always friendly and efficient.

A. well-done B. well-appointed C. well-behaved D. well-trained
6. The hotel staff are always friendly and courteous.

A. efficient B. polite C. helpful D. perfect

7. There was no mention of the incident in the national press.

A. television B. newspapers C. Internet D. radio
8. I need to ______ £1,000 to my daughter's account.

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A. Subscribe B. Subscription C. Subscribing D. Subscribers
10.______ is someone who works from home on computer and communicates with their

office by telephone, fax, or e-mail.

A. Telecomputer B. Telecommuter C. Telephonist D. Telemarketer
V.

Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence.
1. My mother ______ enjoys hill walking.

A. who is in her seventies B. , that is in her seventies
C. , which is in her seventies D. , who is in her seventies
2. She's one of the kindest people ______.

A. that I know B. whose I know

C. who I know D. which I know

3. Where is the house ______?

A. where they are living B. which they are living
C. where they are living there D. where they are living in
4. She lives in the house ______.

A. which has the red door B. has the red door
C. that with the red door D. with its red door
5. Mark Twain is an author ______ I like best.

A. his books B. that books

C. the book of whom D. whose books

6. The problem ______ never occurred.

A. I hadn't expected it B. that I had expected it

C. who I had expected D. I had expected

7. In 1850, Yale University established Sheffield Scientific School, ______.

A. engineers were educated there B. where engineers were educated
C. in which were engineers educated D. where were engineers educated
8. It was the ragtime pianist Scott Joplin ______ the Maple Leaf Rag, perhaps the best

known of all ragtime tunes.

A. wrote B. the writer of C. who wrote D. writing

9. A keystone species is a species of plants and animals ______ absence has a major
effect on an ecological system.

A. that its B. its C. whose D. with its

10.William Samuel Johnson, ______ helped write the Constitution, became the first
president of Columbia College in 1787.

A. whom he had B. who had C. and he had D. had

VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction.
1. Fred, who usually conducts the choir rehearsals, did not show up last

A B

night because he had an accident on his way to the practice.
 C (had had) D

2. I think whatever was responsible for damaging the trees should be fined or sent to 
 A (whoever) B C D
prison.

3. Now that I no longer have to wear uniform, I'll be able to wear which I want.
 A B C (what) D

4. Ripe fruit is often stored in a place who contains much carbon dioxide so that the fruit 
 A B C (which)

will not decay too rapidly.
D

5. The town we visited was a four-days journey from our hotel, so we took the train 
 A B (four-day) C

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VII. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

The last two decades have seen enormous changes in the way people's lives are
affected by IT. Twenty years ago, few people had access to a computer whilst today most
people use them at work, home or school and use of e-mail and the Internet is an every
day event.

These developments have brought many benefits to our lives. E-mail makes
communication much easier and more immediate. This has numerous benefits for
business, commerce, and education. The World Wide Web means that information on
every conceivable subject is now available to us. Clearly, .for many people this has made
life much easier and more convenient.

However, not all the effects of the new technology have been beneficial. Many people
feel that the widespread use of e-mail is destroying traditional forms of communication
such as letter writing, telephone and face-to-face conversation. In addition, the huge size
of the Web means it is almost impossible to control and regulate. This has led to many
concerns regarding children accessing unsuitable websites. In conclusion, developments
in IT have brought many benefits, yet I believe developments relating to new technology in
the future are likely to produce many negative effects that will need to be addressed very
carefully.

1. In the last twenty years

A. there have been dramatic changes in the field of computer science

B. people's lives have been changed a lot because of the invention of the computer.
C. the World Wide Web and e-mail communication have affected modern life. 
D. there have been developments in telecomunications.

2. According to the passage, E-mail
A. reduces face-to-face contact 
B. can be checked quickly and easily
C. is used only in business

D. takes a lot of time to transmit

3. The World Wide Web and e-mail communication
A. causes a busy and exciting life

B. have also been used for education purpose
C. is difficult to get access to

D. is destroying traditional customs
4. What does the IT stand for?

A. Information Transfer
B. Information Transmission
C. Information Theory
D. Information Technology

5. Which sentence is NOT mentioned?

A. The World Wide Web is difficult to navigate.

B. The World Wide Web provides information.
C. The World Wide Web is difficult to control.
D. E-mail communication is quick and easy.

VIII. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word(s) for each of the blanks. 
A major revolution for the automated office is electronic mail. The customary (1) _______
system requires message written on paper to be (2) _______ physically from one location
to another. With electronic mail, messages are converted (3) _____ electronic signals,
tranmitted (4) _____ in the world, and then changed back into the original written form, all
in several seconds and minutes at (5) ______.

1. A. post B. postal C. postage D. posting

2. A. transformed B. transferred C. transacted D. transmitted

3. A. from B. by C. into D. with

4. A. wherever B. anywhere C. somewhere D. everywhere

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IX. Choose the best option to complete the second sentence so that it has a similar 
meaning to the first.

1. After seeing a movie based on a novel, ________.
A. the book was read by many people

B. the book made many people want to read it
C. many people want to read the book.

D. the reading of the book interests many people

2. Once known as the 'Golden State' because of its gold mines, ___.
A. North Carolina today mines few metallic minerals

B. few metallic minerals are mined in North Carolina today
C. there are few metallic minerals mined in North Carolina today
D. today in North Carolina few metallic minerals are mined

3. ____ are considered humorous is mainly to his characters' use of slang.
A. Damon Runyan's stories

B. Damon Runyan's stories, which
C. That Damon Runyan's stories 
D. Because Damon Runyan's stories

4. In order to grow vegetables properly, gardeners must know ________.
A. that the requirements for each vegetable

B. what the requirements for each vegetable are
C. what are each vegetable's requirements

D. that is required by each vegetable
5. ________, methane can be used as a fuel.

A. It is produced by the fermentation of organic matter
B. The fermentation of organic matter is produced
C. The production by the fermentation of organic matter
D. Produced by the fermentation of organic matter

TEST YOUR SELF C

I . Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the 
others.

1. A. facsimile B. transfer C. spacious D. fax

2. A. peach B. breath C. special D. pleasure

3. A. subscribe B. facsimile C. pride D. provide

4. A. exchange B. children C. peach D. machine

5. A. commune B. security C. punctuality D. distribute
II. Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others.
1. A. population B. available C. university D. education
2. A. celebrate B. decorate C. entertain D. influence.
3. A. technology B. competitive C. facsimile D. document

4. A. resource B. average C. decrease D. method

5. A. expert B. control C. limit D. injury

III.

Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

spacious postage competitive decorate courtesy traditional well-trained
wrapped

1. It's only common courtesy to thank someone when they help
2. Thanh Ba Post Office has a spacious and pleasant front office.

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4. We offer a wide range of goods at very competitive prices.
5. Our post office offers the best services with a well-trained staff.
IV.

Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. An extra copy of each document was supplied for onward _____ to head office.

A. transmit B. transmitted C. transmitter D. transmission
2. We offer a very _____ rate for parcels of under 15 kg.

A. competing B. competent C. competitive D. competition
3. China is one of the most ______ populated areas in the world.

A. wastefully B. perfectly C. densely D. completely
4. The second solution is to provide safe, ______ birth-control methods.

A. expensive B. inexpensive C. expensively D. inexpensively
5. Some scientists say that there are enough resources to ______ 8 billion people.

A. support B. control C. raise D. add

6. We are proud of our ______ staff, who are always friendly and efficient.

A. well-done B. well-appointed C. well-behaved D. well-trained
7. There was no mention of the incident in the national press.

A. television B. newspapers C. Internet D. radio

8. People believed that what they do on the first day of the year will _______ their luck

during the whole year.

A. influence B. control C. exchange D. result

V. Combine each pair of sentences, using a relative pronoun.
1. The girl is my cousin. She chatted with you yesterday.

The girl who/that chatted with you yesterday is my cousin.
2. The man is very kind. He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen

The man who/that spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen is very kind.
3. The architect designed these flats. He has moved to HCM City.

The architect who/that designed these flats has moved to HCM City.
4. The young boy is naughty. He rides an expensive motorbike.

The young boy who/that rides an expensive motorbike is naughty.
5. I’m reading the book. I bought it in 1996.

I’m reading the book which/that I bought in 1996.

VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following sentences.
1. Do you know the date ______ we have to hand in the essay?

A. which B. in which C. on that D. when

2. My uncle ______ you met yesterday is a lawyer.

A. which B. who C. whose D. to whom

3. Oxford, ______ attracts many tourists, is often crowded in the summer.

A. that B. which C. whose D. where

4. Regina, ______ you have never met before, is a genius in painting.

A. that B. whose C. whom D. whoever

5. ______ waiting to hear the results.

A. Everyone was B. All was C. Everyone were D. All were
6. I looked everywhere but I couldn't find _______ at all.

A. no one B. anyone C. someone D. somebody

7. I will never talk to you again _____ you apologize me _____ your being rude.

A. if / for B. unless / for C. or / of D. whether / or

8. If you_____to me, you wouldn’t have got so much trouble.

A. listened B. would listen C. had listened D. Would have
9. I couldn't find Jo at the party last night. If I ______ him, we'd have been happy.

A. .meet B. met C. have met D. had met

10. ______ been diverted, they would have arrived early.

A. Had the plane not B. Hadn't the plane

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VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each 
sentence.

1. If Rudy would have studied German in college, he would not have found the scientific
 A (had studied) B C 
terminology so difficult to understand.

2. If we had had a map, we would not be lost yesterday.
 A B C D (have been lost)

3. If someone phones while I'm out, can you tell them I'll be back at 11.30?
 A (anyone) B C D

4. Ripe fruit is often stored in a place who contains much carbon dioxide so that the fruit 
 A B C (which) 
will not decay too rapidly.

5. The man, of whom the red car is parked in front of our house, is a prominent physician 
 A (whose) B C D

in this town.

VIII. Read the passage carefully and the answer the following questions.

In Viet Nam, there is great excitement built up well before Tet Nguyen Dan. First,
every family organizes a trip to the cemetery to visit the graves of their ancestor. After that,

to create an air of prosperity, wealth and fun for the first three days of the Lunar New Year,
people are kept busy cooking traditional foods, buying gifts, and making other

preparations. Certain items deemed to be bought or made are banh chung, dried

watermelon seeds, tea, dried sausages, fruit (fresh and candied), ornamental plants and
flowers. Red and yellow flowers are ideal as they make the house more welcoming. On the
New Year's days, only good comments and wishes can be expressed. Children receive
their Ii xi (or red envelopes with lucky money inside). People make a visit to family

members, neighbors, and close friends. And people who live apart from their family try to
get together on these days. Clearly enough, games and various forms of entertainment are
staged and these often last a week. Varying traditional specialties including wrestling,
buffalo fighting, dragon or unicorn dancing take place in different regions.

1. What do people often do at first, before Tet holiday?

They organize a trip to the cemetery to visit the graves of their ancestor.
2. Why are people busy cooking traditional foods, buying gifts, and making other

preparations?

To create an air of prosperity, wealth and fun for the first three days of the 
Lunar New Year.

3. What do people usually buy or make at Tet?

Banh chung, dried watermelon seeds, tea, dried sausages, fruit (fresh and 
candied), ornamental plants and flowers.

4. Why are red and yellow flowers popular in decorating the house at Tet?
Because they make the house more welcoming.

5. Do people go to the cinema or theatre at Tet?
No, they don’t.

IX.

Read the text below and then decide which answer - a, b, c or d – best fits each 
space.

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_________ in the rural areas, such as transportation, health and education services
should be (5) _________.

1. A. progress B. process C. procedure D. proceeding

2. A. overpopulation B. popularity C. underpopulation D. population

3. A. a. sights B. surroundings C. life D. atmosphere

4. A. equipment B. facilities C. means D. appliances

5. A. invested B. increased C. impressed D. improved

X. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer or the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following sentence.

1. If I had been more confident, I would have passed the driving test.
A. I failed my driving test because of my lack of confidence.
B. I had failed my driving test because my lack of confidence.

C. I passed the driving test in spite of my lack of confidence.
D. I passed the driving test with confidence.

2. I regret behaving so impolitely with her and she was disappointed.

A. Unless I behave so impolitely with her, she would not be disappointed.
B. Provided that I did not behave so impolitely with her, she would not be
disappointed.

C. I wish I did not behave so impolitely with her.

D. If I had not behaved so impolitely with her, she would not have been 
disappointed.

3. Unfortunately, I don’t know Philosophy, so I can’t answer your question.
A. If I know Philosophy, I can answer your question.

B. If I know Philosophy, I will be able to answer your question.

C. If I knew Philosophy, I would be able to answer your question.

D. If I had known Philosophy, I would have been able to answer your question.
4. The old man is working in this factory. I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.

A. The old man is working in this factory which I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
B. The old man whom is working in this factory I borrowed his bicycle yesterday.
C. The old man whom I borrowed his bicycle yesterday is working in this factory.
D. The old man whose bicycle I borrowed yesterday is working in this factory.
5. He told her about the book. He liked it best.

A. He told her about the book which he liked it best.
B. He told her about the book which he liked best.
C. He told her about the book whom he liked best.
D. He told her about the book whose he liked best.

UNIT 9: THE POST OFFICE (BƯU ĐIỆN)
C. EXERCISES

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

11.A. facsimile B. transfer C. spacious D. fax

12.A. ready B. friend C. telephone D. speedy

13.A. subscribe B. facsimile C. pride D. provide

14.A. spacious B. courteous C. document D. technology
15.A. commune B. security C. punctuality D. distribute
II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

6. A. technology B. competitive C. facsimile D. document

7. A. courteous B. subscribe C. service D. customer

8. A. transit B. transmit C. transact D. translate

9. A. capacity B. communal C. secure D. imagine

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competitive distribute transmit space
courtesy subscription deliveries dissatisfied

11.All mail deliveries were suspended during the strike.

12.It's only common courtesy to thank someone when they help.

13.Do you wish to take out a full twelve-month subscription to the journal?
14.We offer a wide range' of goods at very competitive prices.

15.If you are dissatisfied with our service, please write to the manager,

IV. Choose one word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the 
underlined word or phrase.

1. You can subscribe to your favorite newspapers ______ the nearest post office.

A. in B. on C. from D. at

2. He is very capable ______ learning and understanding things.

A. with B. of C. at D. about

3. Thanh Ba Post Office provides customers ______ the Messenger Call Services.

A. with B. for C. of D. to
4. The post office offers the ______ Mail Service which is particularly fast.

A. Secure B. Efficient C. Express D. Reliable

5. We are proud of our ______ staff, who are always friendly and efficient.

A. well-done B. well-appointed C. well-behaved D. well-trained

16.The hotel staff are always friendly and courteous.

A. efficient B. polite C. helpful D. perfect

17.There was no mention of the incident in the national press.

A. television B. newspapers C. Internet D. radio
18.I need to ______ £1,000 to my daughter's account.

A. transfer B. transform C. transmit D. transact
19.______ to the magazine can take advantage of this special offer.

A. Subscribe B. Subscription C. Subscribing D. Subscribers

20.______ is someone who works from home on computer and communicates with their
office by telephone, fax, or e-mail.

A. Telecomputer B. Telecommuter C. Telephonist D. Telemarketer
V. Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence.
1. My mother ______ enjoys hill walking.

A. who is in her seventies B. , that is in her seventies
C. , which is in her seventies D. , who is in her seventies

2. She's one of the kindest people ______.

A. that I know B. whose I know C. who I know D. which I know
3. Where is the house ______?

A. where they are living B. which they are living
C. where they are living there D. where they are living in
4. She lives in the house ______.

A. which has the red door B. has the red door
C. that with the red door D. with its red door
5. Mark Twain is an author ______ I like best.

A. his books B. that books C. the book of whom D. whose books

16.The problem ______ never occurred.

A. I hadn't expected it B. that I had expected it
C. who I had expected D. I had expected

17.In 1850, Yale University established Sheffield Scientific School, ______.

A. engineers were educated there B. where engineers were educated

C. in which were engineers educated D. where were engineers educated
18.It was the ragtime pianist Scott Joplin ______ the Maple Leaf Rag, perhaps the best

known of all ragtime tunes.

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19.A keystone species is a species of plants and animals ______ absence has a major
effect on an ecological system.

A. that its B. its C. whose D. with its

20.William Samuel Johnson, ______ helped write the Constitution, became the first

president of Columbia College in 1787.

A. whom he had B. who had C. and he had D. had

VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction.
1. Fred, who usually conducts the choir rehearsals, did not show up last

A B

night because he had an accident on his way to the practice.
C (had had) D

2. I think whatever was responsible for damaging the trees should be fined or sent to
A (whoever) B C D
prison.

3. Now that I no longer have to wear uniform, I'll be able to wear which I want.
A B C (what) D

4. Ripe fruit is often stored in a place who contains much carbon dioxide so that the fruit
A B C (which)

will not decay too rapidly.
D

5. The town we visited was a four-days journey from our hotel, so we took the train
A B (four-day) C

instead of the bus.
D

VII. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

1. In the last twenty years

A. there have been dramatic changes in the field of computer science

B. people's lives have been changed a lot because of the invention of the computer.

C. the World Wide Web and e-mail communication have affected modern life.

D. there have been developments in telecomunications.
2. According to the passage, E-mail

A. reduces face-to-face contact B. can be checked quickly and easily
C. is used only in business D. takes a lot of time to transmit
3. The World Wide Web and e-mail communication

A. causes a busy and exciting life

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C. is difficult to get access to

D. is destroying traditional customs
4. What does the IT stand for?

A. Information Transfer B. Information Transmission
C. Information Theory D. Information Technology

5. Which sentence is NOT mentioned?

A. The World Wide Web is difficult to navigate.

B. The World Wide Web provides information.
C. The World Wide Web is difficult to control.
D. E-mail communication is quick and easy.

tranmitted (4) _____ in the world, and then changed back into the original written form, all
in several seconds and minutes at (5) ______.

1. A. post B. postal C. postage D. posting

2. A. transformed B. transferred C. transacted D. transmitted

3. A. from B. by C. into D. with

4. A. wherever B. anywhere C. somewhere D. everywhere

5. A. most B. all C. least D. last.

IX. Choose the best option to complete the second sentence so that it has a 
similar meaning to the first.

1. After seeing a movie based on a novel, ________.
A. the book was read by many people

B. the book made many people want to read it

C. many people want to read the book.

D. the reading of the book interests many people

2. Once known as the 'Golden State' because of its gold mines, ___.

A. North Carolina today mines few metallic minerals

B. few metallic minerals are mined in North Carolina today

C. there are few metallic minerals mined in North Carolina today
D. today in North Carolina few metallic minerals are mined

3. ____ are considered humorous is mainly to his characters' use of slang.
A. Damon Runyan's stories B. Damon Runyan's stories, which

C. That Damon Runyan's stories D. Because Damon Runyan's stories
4. In order to grow vegetables properly, gardeners must know ________.

A. that the requirements for each vegetable

B. what the requirements for each vegetable are

C. what are each vegetable's requirements
D. that is required by each vegetable
5. ________, methane can be used as a fuel.

A. It is produced by the fermentation of organic matter
B. The fermentation of organic matter is produced
C. The production by the fermentation of organic matter

D. Produced by the fermentation of organic matter

UNIT 10: NATURE IN DANGER 
Thiên nhiên đang bị đe dọa
A. VOCABULARY

1. scatter (v, adj): rải rác
2. estimate (v): ước tính

3. remain (v): vẫn cịn, duy trì
4. influence on: ảnh hưởng

9. habit (n): thói quen
10. result in (v): gây ra

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5. supply (v): cung cấp
6. agriculture (n): nông nghiệp
7. destroy(v): phá hủy
8. pollutant (n): chất ô nhiểm
 pollute (v): gây ô nhiễm

 polluted (adj): bị ô nhiễm
 pollution (n): sự ô nhiễm

B. GRAMMAR

RELATIVE CLAUSES WITH PREPOSITION
Form:

Example: Choose the suitable italicized words to complete the following sentences.
1. It was the kind of accident for which/that nobody was really to blame

2. There is one person to whom/who I owe more than I can say
3. It was a service for which/that I was grateful.

Notes:

- Không dùng “WHO/ THAT” sau giới từ.

- Với cụm đợng từ ( phrasal verbs) thì giới từ không được dùng trước WHOM/ WHICH.
Ex: This is the book which I’m looking for.

Không dùng: This is the book for which I’m looking.

C. Exercises

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the 
rest.

1. A. chemical B. discharge C. change D. feature

2. A. nature B. nation C. suggestion D. situation

3. A. scatter B. panda C. capture D. devastate

4. A. supply B. dirty C. energy D. happy

5. A. scenic B. extinct C. decrease D. coexist

II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

1. A. protect B. prohibit C. pollute D. cultivate

2. A. agriculture B. extinction C. environment D. establishment
3. A. nature B. dangerous C. interfered D. devastating

4. A. capture B. discharge C. survive D. extinct

5. A. fertilizer B. interference C. maintenance D. offspring

III.

Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

endanger scatter coexist pollute devastate
discharge prohibit survive protect capture
1. Animals shouldn't be captured for recreation arid entertainment.

2. Laws have been introduced to prohibit killing endangered animals,
3. The air in the city is heavily polluted with traffic fumes.

4. The government should do more to protect the environment.
5. Western India was devastated by a huge earthquake.

WHOM (người)
N + prep (in, on, to, at, for…) +

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IV.

Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following 
questions

1. Water pollution is more and more serious due to the tests of nuclear weapons in the 
seas and oceans.

A. circulation B. environment

C. elimination D. contamination

2. The new laws to conserve wildlife in the area will come into force nextmonth.

A. protect B. pollute C. destroy D. eliminate

3. If people stop destroying animal's natural habitat, more species will survive and produce
____.

A. offspring B. ecology C. landscape D. benefit
4. The factory was fined for ______ chemicals into the river.

A. discharging B. dumping C. producing D. exposing.
5. In some countries environmental organizations have been ______ to inform people and
gain their support.

A. made up B. set up C. brought up D. taken up

6. We continue to ______ rainforests and increase the dangers of global warming.

A. cut off B. cut in C. cut out D. cut down

7. The Earth will be a planet where' human beings, animals and plants live in peaceful
______.

A. cooperation B. coordination C. corporation D. coexistence
8. The number of rare animals is decreasing rapidly .

A. dangerously B. quickly C. mostly D. gradually

V. Complete each sentence, using relative clauses with preposition:
1. The bed has no mattress. I sleep on this bed.

 The bed _______________________________________________

 The bed (which/that) I sleep on has no mattress./The bed on which I sleep has no 
mattress.

2. The problem has been discussed in class. We are interested in it.
 The problem _______________________________________________

 The problem in which we are very interested has been discussed in class.
3. Many diseases are no longer dangerous. People died of them years ago.
 Many diseases _______________________________________________
 Many diseases of which people died years ago are no longer dangerous.
4. Do you see my pen? I have just written the lesson with it.

 Do _______________________________________________
 Do you see my pen, with which I have just written my lesson?
5. I like standing at the windows. I can see the park from this window.
 I _______________________________________________

 I like standing at the windows from which I can see the park.

VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following 
questions

1. Walkers can unwittingly damage the fragile environment ______.
A. that the birds live B. where the birds live in
C. which live the birds D. in which the birds live
2. The school has been given 20 computers, half of ______ are brand new.

A. that B. those C. them D. which

3. The computer, ______ the memory capacity has just been upgraded, is among the
latest generations.

A. that B. whose C. of which D. which of

4. Fleming's discovery of penicillin, ______, had a major influence on the lives of people in
the 20th century.

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B. that he was awarded the Nobel Prize for
C. which awarded the Nobel Prize

D. for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize
5. She joined the local tennis club, ______ were at least 60.

A. most of its members B. most whose members
C. most of whose members D. most members

6. My English teacher, Mrs Brookes, was someone ___ I had great respect.

A. that B. whom C. for who D. for whom

7. It was at this shop _____ I bought my watch

A. from which B. which C. that D. who

8. Pam is the friend ____________ she lives.

A. to whom B. with whom C. who D. whom

9. The music ___________ we are listening is very wonderful.

A. which B. to which C. with which D. who

10. He is the boy _______________ I went to school.

A. with which B. to whom C. with whom D. to which

VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each 
question.

1. Is it right that politicians should make important decisions without consulting the public

A B C

to who they are accountable?
 D

2. Soon after Mr John has finished his thesis, he will leave for Boston, where he has a job

A B C

waiting on him. 
 D

3. Air pollution, together with littering, are causing many problems in our large, industrial 
A B C D

cities today.

4. Despite of a language barrier, humans have managed to communicate with others

A B C

through sign language, in which certain motions stand for letters, words, or ideas.
D

5. If Monique had not attended the party, she never would meet her old friend Dan, whom

A B C

she had not seen in years.
D

VIII. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

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1. What is one environment problem in the world today?

 One environment problem in the world today is the shortage of clean water. 
2. Why are not many sources of water drinkable?

 Many sources of water are not drinkable because of acid rain, industrial pollution 
and garbage

3. What is a serious problem of Lake Baikal in Russia?

 The serious problem of Lake Baikal in Russia is the massive volumes of industrial 
pollutants which pour into the lake everyday.

4. How many countries throw industrial wastes into the Mediterranean Sea regularly?

 Almost sixteen countries regularly throw industrial wastes into the Mediterranean 
Sea regularly.

UNIT 11: SOURCES OF ENERGY
Các nguồn năng lượng
A. V0CABULARY

1. fossil fuels(n) các nhiên liệu hoá thạch 6. complicated (a) = complex (a) phức tạp
2. limited # unlimited (a): giới hạn # không giới hạn 7. geothermal heat (n) địa nhiệt
3. infinite (a) vô tận 8. reserve (n) nguồn dự trữ
4. potential (a) tiềm năng, tiềm lực, khả năng 9. electricity (n) điện

5. alternative (a) thay thế 10. available (a) sẵn có
11. wind (n) gió 17. solar power (n) năng lượng mặt trời

12. windmill (n) cới xay gió 18. solar panel (n) tấm thu năng lượng mặt trời
13. sailboat (n) thuyền buồm 19. entire (a) tồn bợ, hồn tồn

14. dam (n) đập 20. create(v) tạo ra

15. release (v) phóng thích, giải thoát  creaction (n) sự sáng tạo, sự tạo thành 
  creactive (a) sáng tạo

21. exhausted (a) cạn kiệt 26. fertilized (a) màu mỡ, phì nhiêu

22. plentiful (a) nhiều 27. consumption (n) sự tiêu thụ, mức tiêu thụ
23. resourse (n) nguồn tài nguyên 28. consume (v) tiêu thụ

24. renewable (a) có thể thay thế  consumer (v) nhà tiêu thụ
25. ecologist (n) nhà sinh thái học 29. proportion (n) tỉ lệ

30. abundant (a) nhiều hơn, thừa, dồi dào
B. GRAMMAR

Relative clauses replaced by participles and to inf.
(Omission of reative pronouns)

1. Nngười/vật who/which/that Vthì…

=> Nngười/vật Ving…

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=> Nngười/vật V3/ed… =>They live in a house built in 1890.

3. The first/the last/the second/
the only +N + who/which/that Vthì…
=> The first/the last/the second/
the only +N + to V0

Ex: Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.
=>Gagarin was the first man to fly into space
4. The first/the last/the second/

the only +N + who/which/that be V3/ed … 
=> The first/the last/the second/

the only +N + to be V3/ed …

Ex: He was the second man who was killed in this 
way.

=> He was the second man to be killed in this way.
C. Exercises

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. A. energy B. reserves C. plentiful D. correct

2. A. heat B. great C. release D. reach

3. A. polluted B. consume C. nuclear D. fuel

4. A. solar B. panel C. another D. relative

5. A. infinite B. plentiful C. advertise D. wind
II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.
1. A. available B. ecological C. petroleum D. unlimited
2. A. potential B. energy C. plentiful D. atmosphere

3. A. power B. local C. reserve D. nuclear

4. A. renewable B. alternative C. environment D. geothermal
5. A. infinite B. nitrogen C. exhausted D. natural
III.

Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

fossil electricity consumers consumption
laws potential water heat

1. Hydroelectric power is used to produce ________ electricity ______________.
2. Government can pass and enforce ________ laws ______________ that require

businesses and individuals to cut down pollution.

3. ______ consumers ________________ are interested in the quality and price of our 
product

4. The ______ potential ________________of alternative sources of energy is great. .
5. ______ fossil ________________ fuels will be exhausted within a relatively short
time.

IV. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following 
questions

1. Increased consumption will lead to faster ______ of our natural resources.
A. exhaust B. exhausting C. exhaustion D. exhaustive
2. He was ______ to lose the final round.

A. fortunate B. fortunately C. unfortunate D. unfortunately
3. She is very ______. She writes poetry and paints.

A. creative B. creatively C. creation D. create
4. ______ energy is produced from the heat stored in the earth’s core.

A. Solar B. Nuclear C. Geothermal D. water

5. People have to build ______ to use water energy so it is expensive.

A. machines B. canals C. lakes D. dams

6. The person who studies the relation of plants and living creatures and their environment
is a ______.

A. biologist B. ecologist C. geologist D. environmentalist
7. Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe.

A. boundless B. unlimited C. uncountable D. inflexible
8. Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe

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V.

Combine each pair of sentences into one sentence using a relative clause, then 
reduce it into a participle phrase or an infinitive phrase

1. Young chidren will probably be frightened. They watch horror movies.
Young childen who watch horror movies will probably be frightened.
Young childen watching horror movies will probably be frightened.
2. John was the last person. He left the lecture hall.

John was the last person who left the lecture hall.
John was the last person to leave the lecture hall.

3. The movie is very exciting. It is being shown at our local movie tonight.

The movie which is being shown at our local movie tonight is very exciting.
The movie shown at our local movie tonight is very exciting.

4. Peter was the only student. He was chosen to get the scholarship to study abroad.
Peter was the only student who was chosen to get the scholarship to study abroad.
Peter was the only student to be chosen to get the scholarship to study abroad.
5. Mark Twain is an author. He is known as one of the greatest Amerian humorists
Mark Twain is an author who is known as one of the greatest Amerian humorists.

Mark Twain is an author known as one of the greatest Amerian humorists.

VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following 
questions

1. I’m reading a book ______ by Jack London.

A. was written B. that wrote C. written D. which written
2. The boy ______ next to me in the evening class is very clever.

A. sitting B. to sit C. who sit D. whom sits

3. We’re living in a house ______ by green trees.

A. is surrounded B. that surrounded C. to be surrounded D. which is surrounded
4. The first person ______ the classroom last Monday might know the reason.

A. entered B. to enter C. who enters D. whom entered

5. Do you know the woman ______ to the headmaster?

A. is talking B. talked C. that is talking D. who talking
6. The boy ______ the piano is my son.

A. who is playing B. that is playing C. playing D. All are correct
7. John was the last applicant _______ for a position in that energy station.

A. to interview B.which is interviewed

C. interviewing D. to be interviewed

8. I have to leave for London tomorrow, _______ means I cannot go to the party with you.

A. that B. which C. when D. why

9. Could you please provide us _______some more modern equipment?

A. for B. by C. in D. with

10. Water is one of the precious resources _______for our life.

A. we depend on which B. which we depend

C. on which we depend D. on that we depend

VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each 
question.

1. Grover Cleveland was the only American president served two nonconsecutive terms.
 A B(to serve) C D 
2. I went to a reunion for students educating in the physics department during the 1980s. 
 A B(educated) C D

3. They work in a hospital sponsoring by the government. (sponsored)
 A B C D

4. The man to speak to me is John’s brother. (speaking / who is speaking)
 A B C D

5. The man lectured at the Centre Hall this morning is my friend’s father.

A B C D

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VIII. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions.

Scientists often divide resources into two groups: renewable and non– renewable.
When a resource is used, it takes some times to replace it. If the resource can be replaced
quickly and easily, it is called renewable. If it cannot be replaced quickly and easily, it is
non-renewable. All fossil fuels are non-renewable resources. Solar energy, air, and water
are usually called renewable because there is an unlimited supply.

However, this definition may change if people are not careful with these resources.
The amount of solar energy that reaches the earth depends on the atmosphere. If the
atmosphere is polluted, the solar energy that reaches the earth may be dangerous. If
humans continue to pollute the air, it will not contain the correct amounts of these gases.

Many resources are limited and non- renewable, and many are in danger of
pollution. As a consequence, resources must be conserved and the environment
protected. Conservation must become an important part of everyone’s life.

1. How many kinds of resources are mentioned in the passage?
 2 (renewable and non– renewable)

2. Are solar energy, air, and water usually called non-renewable?
 No, they are not.

3. What will happen if the atmosphere is polluted?

If the atmosphere is polluted, the solar energy that reaches the earth may be 
dangerous.

(The air won’t contain the correct amounts of natural gases, life won’t continue as it 
does and renewable resources will soon become non- renewable.)

4. Why do we have to conserve resources?

Because many resources are limited and non-renewable and many are in 
danger of pollution.

5. Does conservation play an important part in everyone’s life?

Yes, it does.

IX. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word(s) for each of the blanks.
About twenty percent of the world’s present energy already comes from the sun in
one form or another. Special devices have already been made available to put on the roofs
houses and flats to (1) ______ the sun’s rays and thus heat water. Thousands of these
devices are now being used to provide (2) ______ in homes throughout the United States
while more than a million solar water-heating units have already been (3) ______ in home
in Japan. Other purposes for which solar energy is at present being used include the (4)
______ of salt from seawater, irrigation and sewage disposal. (5) ______ most people in
developing countries, the need is not for air-conditioners or central heating but for cheap
ways of cooking food, drying crops, and lighting homes.

1. A. greet B. catch C. contain D. manufacture

2. A. light B. energy C. life D. existence

3. A. built B. planned C. standing D. attached

4. A. passing B. separation C. divorce D. delivery

5. A. Through B. By C. For D. At

X. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer or the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following questions.

1. ______ was taken to the city’s hospital.

A. The woman injuring in the accident
B. The woman who injured in the accident
C. The woman was injured in the accident

D. The woman who was injured in the accident
2. Who is the next candidate ______?

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3. The children were attracted by the show which was performed by the animals.
A. The children attracted by the show which was performed by the animals.

B. The children were attracted by the show to have been performed by the animals.
C. The show performing by the animals were attracted the children.

D. The children were attracted by the show performed by the animals.
4. A waitress was impolite and impatient. She served me.

A. The waitress serving me was impolite and impatient.
B. A waitress served me who was impolite and impatient.
C. A waitress whom served me was impolite and impatient.
D. The waitress served me she was impolite and impatient.
5. We live in a small house. It was built by our grandparents.

A. We live in a small house was built by our grandparents.
B. We live in a small house that it was built by our grandparents.
C. We live in a small house built by our grandparents.

D. We live in a small house where built by our grandparents.

TEST YOURSELF D

I. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the 
others.

1. A. subscribe B. finite C. prohibit D. wild

2. A. exhaust B. anxious C. exist D. exact

3. A. weather B. growth C. wealthy D. geothermal

4. A. eradicate B. habitat C. endanger D. panel
5. A. pleased B. raised C. practiced D. used

II. Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others.

1. A. geothermal B. environment C. alternative D. pollutant

2. A. scientist B. industry C. agriculture D. potential

3. A. interference B. consequences C. electricity D. entertainment
4. A. preserve B. devastate C. endanger D. release

5. A. fertilize B. deliver C. imagine D. destroy

III. Choose the word or phrase A, B, C, or D - that best completes each sentence.
6. Several rare species are dying ______ owing to human beings' deforestation and

careless hunting.

A. up B. out C. away D. down

7. They are all at work doing some research ______ alternative sources of energy.

A. for B. in C. on D. with

8. If you have anything important to do, do it straight away. Don't put it ______.

A. on B. off C. over D. up

9. The headmistress is very competent. All the teaching staff look ______.

A. up to her B. her up to C. at her up D. for her up

10.He wouldn't have failed his exam ______ he hadn't been ill.

A. unless B. if C. in case D. although

11.We should responsible for the ____ humans are doing to the enviroment.
A. destroy B. destructive C. destruction D. destructibility
12.She lost her balance when she ______ to reach out for the balloon.

A. had tried B. was trying C. tried D. had been trying
13.He suggested ______ a jumble sale to try and raise money for the scouts.

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A. who B. that C. whom D. in whom

15.The students in this class, ______ are from the provinces, are having trouble finding
decent accommodation.

A. most of whom B. many of them C. some of who D. all who

16.You have to be aware of the damage humans are doing to quicken the ______ of
wildlife.

A. extinct B. extinctive C. extinction D. extinctions

17.Cameron, ______ directed ‘The Titanic’, is one of the leading faces in Hollywood.

A. that B. whose C. whom D. who

18.The population of the earth is increasing at a tremendous rate and ______ out of
control.

A. it will be B. soon will be C. have become D. are soon going to
19.The teacher gave some suggestions on what could come out for the examination

A. effects B. symptoms C. hints D. demonstrations

20.While southern California is densely populated, ______ live in the northern part of the
state.

A. a number people B. many people C. few people D. a few of people
21.Mohandas K. Gandhi, ______ Mahatma, lived a noble life of fasting and poverty in

order to work for peace and independence.

A. that was called B. was called C. called D. calling
22.Your failure is the consequence of not studying hard enough for the test.

A. cause B. motive C. result D. status

23.She ______ to study more English before enrolling at the university.

A. was recommended B. recommended

C. has recommended D. recommends

24.The teacher asked those who ______ their tests ______ in their papers.
A. completed/ turn B. completed/ turned

C. had completed/ to turn D. completed/ turns

25.Historian Barbara Tuchman was the first woman ______ president of the Academy of
Arts and Sciences.

A. whose election as B. to elect C. was elected D. to be elected

26.There are believed ______ over 300 species of trees in EI Yunque rain forest in Puerto
Rico.

A. to be B. being C. they are D. there are

27.Rarely ______ last longer than an hour.

A. do tornados B. tornados C. tornados that D. tornados do

28.______ for the fact that he was working abroad, he would willingly have helped with the
project.

A. If it had been B. If it hadn't been C. Had it been D. Hadn't it been
29.New words are constantly being invented ______ new objects and concepts.

A. to describe B. a description of C. they describe D. describe

30.A home computer ______ an opportunity for convenient and efficient work at home.

A. provides B. to be providing C. which provides D.

providing it

V. Identify the one underlined word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that must be changed 
for the sentence to be correct.

31.Liquids take the shape of any container which they are placed. (in which)
A B C D

32.Winslow Homer, who had no formally training in art, became famous for his paintings.
(formal)

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33.Because of habitat loss, there are less Asian elephants than African elephants. (fewer)
A B C D

34.Even though they are among the smallest carnivores, weasels will attack animals that
are

A B C
are double their size. (twice)

35.All of the mammals, dolphins are undoubtedly among the friendliest to human. (Of all)
A B C D

VI. Choose the best answers.

Scientists believe they now have scientific evidence to prove that ecosystems work
better when there is greater variety of species within them. This biodiversity is being lost
destroying natural mechanisms that could repair the damage caused by man.

Findings show that losing plants and animals is not only reducing our quality of life but
actually endangering our very existence. We cut down rich rainforests and replace them
with one species plantations, such as pine and eucalyptus. We plough up meadows rich in
different grasses and herbs and replace them with one grass, for instance rye or wheat.

When a natural ecosystem is simplified the basic processes in the ecosystem are
altered and even damaged. Without their biodiversity they are not able to serve as the
natural clearners of our planet. No longer are they able to absorb the carbon dioxide that is
being produced in excess. The result is global warming, caused by the increase in the
'greenhouse effect', and ultimately, or even 'sooner, there will be' a change in the world's
climate.

36.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. How Ecosystems Work Better B. The Loss of Biodiversity

C. The Variety of Species D. Natural Mechanisms

37.Which of the following is not a species used to replace a rich ecosystem?

A. Herbs B. Pine C. Eucalyptus D. Rye

38.What is the purpose of paragraph 2?

A. To show natural mechanisms at work. B. To give examples of the loss of
biodiversity.

C. To give example of variety of species. D. To show how ecosystems can work
better.

39.What, according to the passage, might be the final result of the simplification of natural
ecosystems?

A. The basic processes are altered B. There is loss of biodiversity
C. There is global warming D. There is a change in the climate.

40.What is the author's attitude to the loss of biodiversity?

A. Indifferent B. Negative C. Positive D. Neutral

VII. Choose the answer - a, b, c or d - that is nearest in meaning to the printed before
it.

41.She has always got on well with her colleagues.

A. She has always had poor relationship with her colleagues.

B. She has always been on good terms with her colleagues.

C. Her colleagues have always put up with her.

D. She is trying to establish a good relation ship with her colleagues.
42.Julia didn't listen to what her doctor told her.

A. What the doctor told Julia was not worth listening to.
B. Julia couldn't hear what the doctor told her.

C. The doctor told Julia to listen to what he said, but she didn't do so.

D. Julia took no notice of what her doctor told her.

43.John Smith is a farmer. I bought his land. .

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B. John Smith, who is a farmer, whose land I bought.
C. John Smith, whom I bought his land, is a farmer.
D. John Smith, a farmer, bought his land.

VIII. Choose the answer- a, b, c, or d - that best completes the sentence.
44.______ who made Thanksgiving an official holiday in the United States.

A. Abraham Lincoln B. He was Abraham Lincoln
C. Abraham Lincoln was D. It was Abraham Lincoln

45.Four miles off the southeastern coast of Massachusetts ______, a popular summer
resort.

A. lies the island of Martha's Vineyard B. the island of Martha's Vineyard lies there

C. does lie the island of Martha's Vineyard D. where the island of Martha's Vineyard
lies

UNIT 12 :THE ASIAN GAMES 
Á vận hội

A. V0CABULARY

1. intercultural knowledge (n) kiến thức liên văn hóa 6. advance (v) tiến bộ

2. solidarity (n) tình đồn kết 7 participate in(v) = take part in (v) tham gia
 participant (n) người tham gia
3. promote (v) thúc đẩy, đẩy mạnh 8. athlete (n) vận động viên
 promotion (n) sự thúc đẩy, sự đẩy mạnh  athletics (n) môn điền kinh
4. multi-sport (a) đa thể thao 9.official (n) quan chức 
5. decade (n) = ten years thập niên 10. aspect (n) khía cạnh, mặt
11. aquatic sports (n) = water sports (n) môn thể thao dưới nước 16. squash (n) mơn bóng quần

12. weightlifting (n) môn cử tạ 17. rugby (n) mơn bóng bầu dục 
13. shooting (n) môn băn súng 18. fencing (n) môn đấu kiếm
14. wrecstling (n) môn đấu vật 19. bodybuilding (n) thể dục thể hình
15. hockey (n) môn khúc khôn cầu 20. variety (n) = diversity (n) sự đa dạng 
21. effort (v, n) nổ lực, cố gắng 26. recruit (v) tuyển chọn

22. freestyle (n) kiểu bơi tự do 27. compete (v) = contest (v) thi đấu
23. gymnast (n) vận động viên thể dục  competitor (n) người thi đấu
 gymnastics (n) thể dục  competitive (a) có tính cạnh tranh

gymnasium (n) phòng thể dục dụng cụ  competition (n) cuộc thi đấu
24. bar (n) thanh, xà 28. gather (v) tập hợp, tụ hợp
25. upgrade (v) nâng cấp 29. land (v) hạ, rơi

30. medal (n) huy chương
B. GRAMMAR

1. Relative clauses

N. who V. He is the man who works in the ABC company.

N whom S V. He is the man whom I saw yesterday

N which V.

N which S. V. The chair which is made of wood is durable.English is an important language which we have to master
That = who, whom, which.

Tuy nhiên có một số trường hợp khác
Bắt buộc dùng that:

- Sau so sánh nhất

she is the most beautiful girl that I have ever met
- Sau the first, last, only,…

He was the first person that left the burning house
- Sau chủ từ chỉ người và vật

Không được dùng that:

- - Sau dấu phẩy (tên riêng;

tính từ sở hữu: my, your..;
this, that, these, those)

Nguyen Du,who is a famous 
poet, wrote Kieu’s Story.

- Sau giới từ:

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The man and the dog that passed my house made much noise. bone is very angry.

N whose N The man whose land I bought is a farmer.

Ntime when S. V.

at/on which

I can’t forget the time when I first earn money on my own.
Nplace where S. V.

in/at which

This is the house where I was born.
This is the house which I was born in
The reason why S. V.

for which

I don’t know the reason why she is absent from class today.

the reason for which

Preposition + whom/which Ex: I come back to the house. I was born in it.
 I come back to the house in which I was born.
2. Omission of reative pronouns

1. Nngười/vật who/which/that Vthì…

=> Nngười/vật Ving…

EX: The man who spoke to John is my son.
 =>The man speaking to John is my son.
2. Nngười/vậtwho/which/that beV3/ed …

=> Nngười/vật V3/ed…

EX: They live in a house that was built in 1890
 =>They live in a house built in 1890.
3. The first/the last/the second/

the only +N + who/which/that Vthì…
=> The first/the last/the second/
the only +N + to V0

Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.
=>Gagarin was the first man to fly into space
4. The first/the last/the second/

the only +N + who/which/that be V3/ed … 
=> The first/the last/the second/

the only +N + to be V3/ed …

He was the second man who was killed in this way.
=> He was the second man to be killed in this way.

C. Exercises

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

1. A. attract B. aquatic C. added D. facility

2. A. gather B. athletics C. enthusiam D. through

3. A. attracted B. added C. competed D. developed

4. A. Asian B. basketball C. tennis D. solidarity

5. A. athletics B. participants C. efforts D. skills

II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

1. A. appreciate B. promote C. participate D. introduce

2. A. athletics B. hockey C. volleyball D. rugby

3. A. volunteer B. competition C. enthusiastic D. intercultural

4. A. knowledge B. friendship C. athlete D. compete

5. A. aquatic B. basketball C. official D. together

III. Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

knowledge gathered solidarity effort
enthusiasm athletes appreciated took place
1. This multi-sport event is an occasion when friendship and __solidarity__are built and 
promoted.

2. Our field ______ athletes _________have performed very well.

3. Their efforts were much ______ appreciated _________when they won 2 gold, medals 
in bodybuilding and billiards.

4. Football fans ___gathered ____around the TV in the comer of the club to see the final.
5. Do you know when the 2006 Asian Games ______ took place _________?

IV.

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a. field B. water C. combat D. individual

2. The Asian Games have advanced in all aspects since the first Games was help in 1951.
A. developed B. competed C. taken place D. decreased

3. Only 489 athletes took part in the 1st Asian Games.

A. got rid of B. participated in C. gave up D. added to
4. Korea was chosen to be of the 2002 Asian Games.

A. athlete B. host C. participant D. guest

5. The Olympic Games is one of the biggest sporting all over the world.

A. problems B. athletes C. cultures D. events

6. After the accident he lost his for the sport.

A. enthusiasm B. enthusiast C. enthusiastic D. enthusiastically
7. We are quite of the success of our country at the next Asian Games.

A. hope B. hopeful C. hopefully D. hopefulness

8. After the opening ceremony, the athletes got ready to start the .
A. compete B. competitor C. competition D. competitive
V. Complete each sentence, using relative pronouns and adverbs.

1. He wanted to know the reason _______why_______ I was late. 
2. It was the nurse_____that_________told me to come in.

3. We saw many soldiers and tanks______that________were moving to the front.

4. The teacher ______who(m)/that_____we studied with last year no longer teaches in our school.
5. They showed me the hospital______whose____buildings had been destroyed by US bombings.
VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

1. The football season is the time thousands of football fans crowd into the stadium
to watch their favorite teams.

A. where B. which C. at that D. when

2. Athletes do their best to win medals to winners as awards.

A. which give B. are give C. to give D. given

3. The girl, ____ injured in the accident yesterday, is my friend.

A. which B. who C. that D. who was

4. The man a black suit is a football referee.

A. to wear B. wearing C. who wear D. wears.

5. Fencing was first introduced at the 13th Asian Games, in Bangkok.Thailand in 1998.
A. to be held B. holding C. when was held D. which was held
6. He took out a photo of Pélé, he adored.

A. whose B. whom C. that D. which

7. The death of his son was an experience from he never fully recovered.

A. when B. why C. that D. which

8. This is a picture in the newspaper of a high jumper leg was seriously hurt.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. that

9. I would like to know the reason _______ he decided to quit the job.

A. why B. which C. that D. when

10. The first village _____ was not far from the capital.

A. that I visited to B. where I visited C. to which I visited D. I visited

VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each question.
1. What do you call a person who job is to edit a film ?

A B C D

2. At last they found the woman and her cat which were badly injured by the fire .
 A B C D

3. There's the woman who she sold me the handbag. 
 A B C D

4. I like pupils who works very hard. 
 A B C D

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VIII. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions.

The Asian Games owes its origins to small Asian multi-sport competitions. The Far
Eastern Championship Games were created to show unity and cooperation among three
nations: Japan, the Philippines and China. The first games were held in Manila, the
Philippines in 1931. Other Asian nations participated after it was organized.

After World War II, a number of Asian countries became independent. Many of the
new independent Asian countries wanted to use a new type of competition where Asian
dominance should not be shown by violence and should be strengthened by mutual
understanding. In August 1948, during the 14th Olympic Games in London, Indian

representative Guru Dutt Sondhi proposed to sports leaders of the Asian teams the idea of
having discussions about holding the Asian Games. They agreed to form the Asian Athletic
Federation. A preparatory committee was set up to draft the charter for the Asian amateur
athletic federation. In February, 1949, the Asian athletic federation was formed and used the
name Asian Games Federation. It was decided to hold the first Asian Games in 1951 in New
Delhi the capital of India. They added that the Asian Games would be regularly held once
every four years.

1. What is the text about?

The text is about the origin of the Asian Games

2. Why were the Far Eastern Championship Games created?

The Far Eastern Championship Games were created to show unity and cooperation 
among three nations: Japan, the Philippines and China.

3. When did The 14th Olympic Games take place?
The 14th Olympic Games took place in august 1948
4. Where and when were first held?

The Asian Games were first held in New Delhi the capital of India in 1951.
5. How often are the Asian Games held ?

The Asian Games are held every four years.

IX. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word(s) for each of the blanks. 
Up to now, Thailand (1) the host country of the Asian Games four times. In 1966,
Thailand held the Games for the first time. It was the 5th Games with 18 countries (2) _____ .

In 1970, South Korea dropped its plan to host the games (3) security threats from
North Korea, and the (4) host Thailand administered the Games in Bangkok using
the funds of South Korea. In 1978, Pakistan dropped its plan to host the Games due to
conflicts with Bangladesh and Indian. Thailand (5) to help and the Games were
held in Bangkok. The 13th Asian Games was held in Bangkok, Thailand from 6 to 20
December 1998.

1. A. is B. will be C. was D. has been

2. A. to compete B. competing C. competed D. compete

3. A. as B. due to C. because D. despite

4. A. previous B. advanced C. old D. before

5. A. suggested B. advised C. offered D. made

XI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer or the sentence that is closest in 
meaning to each of the following questions.

1. She went to England. She studied English literature there.

A. She went to England where she studied English literature there.
B. She went to England, which she studied English literature.
C. She went to England where she studied English literature.
D. She went to England in which she studied English literature there.
2. There are a lot of people. The people like to do things together.

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A. Sue lives in a house where is opposite my house.

B. Sue lives in a house which is opposite my house.
C. Sue lives in a house who is opposite my house.
D. Sue lives in a house and which is opposite my house.
4. _______, John Glenn was a pioneer in the U.S. space program.

A. The first American to orbit the earth
B. That the first American orbited the earth

C. Despite the first American who orbited the earth
D. He was the first American to orbit the earth
5. He is the person ______.

A. from who I bought this old car
B. which I bought this old car from
C. from that I bought this old car
D. from whom I bought this old car

UNIT 13 : HOBBIES
Sở thích
A. V0CABULARY

1. hobby (n) thú riêng, sở thích riêng 6. admire (v) cảm phục; hâm mộ, ngưỡng mộ
 2. guitar (n) đàn ghita 7. fish tank bể cá

3. tune ( n) điệu , giai điệu 8. variety (n) sự đa dạng, 
 4. regularly (adv.) một cách đều đặn; 9. modest (adj.) khiêm tốn 
 5. accompany (v) đệm nhạc cho ai 10. collect (v) góp nhặt, sưu tầm

11. avid (adj.) khao khát, thèm thuồng 16. indeed (adv) quả thực, thực vậy 
12. discard ( v) bỏ, loại bỏ, vứt bỏ 17. indulge in (v) say mê, say sưa

13. envelope (n) phong bì 18. continually (adv) liên tục, không ngớt
14. once in a while thỉnh thoảng, đôi khi 19. occupied (adj.) bận rộn

15. common (adj.)thông thường, phổ biến 20. immediately (adv.) ngay lập tức, tức thì
 21. stall (n) quầy, bàn bày hàng 26. broaden (v) mở rộng, nới rộng, làm rộng ra
 22. organize (v) tổ chức, cấu tạo, thiết lập 27. gigantic (adj.) khổng lồ, kếch xù 
 23. category (n) hạng, loại, phạm trù 28. profitably (adv.) có lợi, có ích; thuận lợi
 24. tag (n) nhãn, thẻ ghi tên và địa chỉ 29. available (adj.) có hiệu lực 
 25. landscape (n) phong cảnh 30. ignorantly (adv.) ngu dốt, dốt nát

B. GRAMMAR CLEFT SENTENCES (Câu chẻ)

Câu chẻ được dùng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần của câu như chủ ngữ, túc từ hay trạng từ
1. Nhấn mạnh chủ từ (Subject focus)

a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who + V + O …
Ex: My brother collected these foreign stamps.

→ It was my brother who collected these foreign stamps.
b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + V + O …

Ex: Her absence at the party made me sad.

→ It was her absence at the party that made me sad.
2. Nhấn mạnh túc từ (Object focus)

a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who(m) + S + V…
Ex: I met Daisy on the way to school.

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Note: Khi nhấn mạnh túc từ ta có thể dùng who thay cho whom nhưng khi nhấn mạnh chủ
từ thì khơng dùng whom thay cho who.

b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + S + V …

Ex: My brother bought an old motorbike from our neighbor.

→ It was an old motorbike that my brother bought from our neighbor.
3. Nhấn mạnh trạng từ (Adverbial focus)

It + is / was + Adverbial phrase + that + S + V …
Ex: - We first met in December.

→ It was in December that we first met.
- Phan Thanh Gian was born in this village.

→ It was in this village that Phan Thanh Gian was born.
4. Câu chẻ bị động (Cleft sentences in the passive)

a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who + be + V3/-ED …
Ex: Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers.

→ It was that singer who was given a lot of flowers.
b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + be + V3/-ED …

Ex: People talk about this film. → It is this film that is talked about.

- Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers.→ It was a lot of flowers that were given to that
singer.

C. EXERCISES

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

1. A. finished B. marched C. stopped D. robbed

2. A. attracted B. collected C. decided D. arrived

3. A. places B. ages C. lives D. pages

4. A. thanks B. shows C. suggests D. stops

5. A. letters B. books C. pets D. stamps

II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

1. A. hobby B. guitar C. modest D. common

2. A. discarded B. successful C. profitably D. accomplished
3. A. ignorant B. continual C. gigantic D. indulge

4. A. occupy B. admire C. organize D. classify

5. A. category B. regular C. relative D. equipment

III.

Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

accomplish collection guitar discard

indulge occupy success classified
1. She needed only one more stamp to complete her _ collection _____.

2. The books are ______ classified ____________ into different categories to subject.
3. Confidence is the key to _____ success ______________.

4. You should not _____ indulge ______yourself in anything that can form a bad habit.
5. My brother plays the ____ guitar_______________ for recreation only.

IV.

Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. There are number of things I like to do in my free time.

A. leisure B. precious C. busy D. idle

2. My uncle, who is an accomplished guitarist, taught me how to play.

A. unimpaired B. skilled C. ill-educated D. unqualified
3. Now I can play a few simple tunes.

A. compound B. plain C. easy D. complicated

4. I really admire him for his _______.

A. succeed B. success C. successful D successfully.
5. Jack has a large _______ of foreign coins.

A. collecting B. collective C. collector D. collection
6. “Have a nice weekend!” - “_______”.

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C. It’s very kind of you D. What about you
7. “Thank you very much for the lovely flowers.” - “ _______”.

A. You’re welcome B. You like flowers, don’t you?
C. Yeah, the flowers are nice D. It was an excellent choice
8. “Nice to meet you”. - “ _______”.

A. This is Peter White B. Nice to meet you, too
C. I’m fine, thanks D. It was nice to you to say so
V.

Rewrite the sentences to focus attention on the underlined information. Start with
it

+ be and an appropriate wh-word or that.
1. She bought the car from Tom.

It was Tom who/ that she bought the car from.
2. Diane won the final match.

It was my Diane who/ that won the final match.
3. The film was made in Bristol.

It was in Bristol that the film was made.
4. We are coming to stay with Jane this weekend.

It is Jane who/ that we are coming to stay with this weekend.
5. The president makes the important decisions.

It is the president who/ that makes the important decisions.

VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. _______ who was elected the first woman mayor of Chicago in 1979.

A. It was Jane Byrne B. Jane Byrne

C. That Jane Byrne D. When Jane Byrne

2. _______ that the capital of South Carolina was moved from Charleston to Columbia.

A. In 1790 was B. There was in 1790

C. In 1790 D. It was in 1790

3. _______ Ruth St. Dennis turned to Asian dances to find inspiration for her choreography.
A. It was the dancer that B. The dancer

C. That the dancer D. The dancer was

4. _______ I bought the golden fish.

A. It was from this shop that B. I was from this shop where
C. It was this shop which D. It was this shop that

5. It was Tom _______ to help us.

A. comes B. who comes C. to come D. that came

6. It was Mr. Harding _____ the bill to yesterday.

A. who sent my secretary B. to whom my secretary sent
 C. that my secretary sent D. my secretary sent

7. The girl gave the boy a special gift on Christmas.

A. It was the boy who the girl gave him a special gift on Christmas.
B. It was the boy who was gave a special gift on Christmas by the girl.

C. It was the boy who was given a special gift on Christmas by the girl. 
D. It was a special gift that was given the boy in Christmas by the girl.

8. We have done a lot of exercises on Relative Clauses.

A. It was a lot of exercises that we have done on Relative Clauses.
B. It is a lot of exercises that are have done on Relative Clauses by us.
C. It is a lot of exercises that has been done on Relative Clauses by us.

D. It is a lot of exercises that have been done on Relative Clauses by us. 
9. Columbus sailed to America in 1492.

A. That was in 1492 that Columbus sailed to America.
B. In 1492 that Columbus sailed to America.

C. It was in 1492 that Columbus sailed to America. 
D. It is in 1492 that Columbus sailed to America.

10. The book is very expensive. My father is interested in it.

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B. The book which in my father is interested is very expensive.

C. The book which my father is interested is very expensive.
D. The book in that my father is interested is very expensive.

VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each question.
1. It was around 1925 that an accurate, convenient system for recording the choreography

A B C
of ballet developed.

D (was developed)

2. A basic knowledge of social studies, such as history and geography, are considered a 
A B C (is)

basic part of the education of every child.
D

3. Water polo is a game in which is played in the water by two teams, each with seven players.
 A (which) B C D

4. In 1891, first state law to help local communities pay for highways was passed in New . 
 A (the first) B C D

Jersey

5. A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might shorten the 
A B C D
(their) lives.

VIII. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

Stamp collecting is the collecting of postage stamps and related objects, such as
envelopes or packages with stamps on them. It is one of the world’s most popular hobbies,
with estimates of the number of collectors ranging up to 20 million in the United States
alone. Many casual collectors enjoy accumulating stamps without worrying about the tiny
details, but the creation of a large or comprehensive collection generally requires some
philatelic knowledge. This is especially important for those who intend to spend large
amounts for stamps.

Stamp collectors are an important source of revenue for some small countries that
create limited runs of elaborate stamps designed mainly to be bought by stamp collectors.
The stamps produced by these countries far exceed the postal needs of the countries.
Some collectors, observing the generally rising prices of rare stamps, have taken
to Philatelic Investment. Rare stamps are among the most portable of tangible
investments, and are easy to store. They offer an attractive alternative to art, other
collectible investments, and precious metals.

1. The estimated number of stamp collectors in the United States is _________.
 A. 30 million B. 20 million C. 10 million D. 15 million
2. Philatelic knowledge is especially important for _________.

A. many casual collectors enjoy
B. some small countries

C. those who intend to spend large amounts for stamps 
D. the postal needs of the countries

3. Why have some collectors taken to Philatelic investment? – Because they ________
A. have observed the generally rising prices of stamps.

B. have observed the generally rising prices of rare stamps.
C. have observed the generally low prices of stamps.

D. haven’t observed the generally rising prices of stamps.
 4. The word they in paragraph 4 refers to __________.

A. Stamp collectors B. Small countries
 C. Rare stamps D. The prices of rare stamps
5. Which of the following is NOT true about rare stamps? - ___________.
A. They are among the most portable of tangible investments.

B. It’s easy for us to store rare stamps.

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D. They offer an attractive alternative to art.

IX. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word(s) for each of the blanks.
Early formal adult education activities focused (1) _______ single needs such as
reading and writing. Many early programs were (2) _______ by churches to teach people
to read the Bible. When the original purpose was (3) _______, programs were often
adjusted to meet more general educational needs of the population. Libraries, lecture
series, and discussion societies began in various countries during the 18th century. As
more people experienced the benefits of (4) _______, they began to participate
increasingly in social, political, and occupational (5) _______. By the 19th century, adult
education was developing as a formal, organized movement in the Western world.

1. A. in B. on C. by D. for

2. A. started B. begun C. made D. done

3. A. interested B. fascinated C. satisfied D. amused

4. A. schooling B. learning C. teaching D. education

5. A. activities B. deeds C. things D. societies

X. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer or the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following questions.

1. Sam emphasized the importance of being thoughtful toward one another.
A. Sam said that people should not talk too much.

B. Sam said that people should not be too serious.

C. Sam said that people should consider the feelings of others.
D. Sam said that people should discuss intellectual topics.

2. He looked so funny that I couldn't help laughing.
A. I couldn't laugh because he looked so funny.
B. I laughed because he looked so funny.

C. I couldn't help him laugh because he looked so funny.
D. He looked too funny for me to laugh.

3. It's high time the children went to bed.
A. The children went to bed late.

B. The children went to bed because of the high time.
C. It's too late for the children to go to bed.

D. It's time for the children to go to bed.

4. Their chances of success are small.

A. It's very likely that they will succeed.
B. They will definitely be successful.

C. It's not very likely that they will succeed.
D. They won't have any chance of being successful.
5. The patient recovered more rapidly than expected.

A. The patient didn't recover as fast as expected.

B. The patient made a more rapid recovery than expected.
C. The patient recovered more slowly than expected.

D. The patient didn't get well as expected.

UNIT 14: RECREATION 
Thú tiêu khiển
A. V0CABULARY

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3. bricklayer (n) thợ nề 8. do it yourself tự làm

4. campground (n) nơi cắm trại 9. dull (adj)(v) chậm hiểu/làm đần độn
5. candlestick (n) giá nến 10. egg cup (n) cốc đựng trứng
11. engraving (n) sự khắc 16. mug (n) cốc vại

12. entry (n) sự tham gia 17. pitch (v) dựng, cắm
13. home-based (adj) ở nhà 18. pool (n) lối đánh pun
14. home improvement (n) việc sửa nhà 19. qualification (n) năng lực 
15. memento (n) vật kỷ niệm 20. recreation (n) thú tiêu khiển

21. snooker (n) trò chơi bida 26. stock market (n) thị trường chứng khoán 
22. solitude (n) trạng thái cô độc 27. tea-cloth (n) khăn lau bát

23. sophisticated (adj.) tinh vi, phức tạp 28. teapot (n) ấm pha trà
24. spectator (n) khán giả 29. undertake (v) đảm trách
25. statesman (n) chính khách 30. on offer đang có bán
B. GRAMMAR

Conjuntions: both..and; not only...but also; either..or; neither...not(Liên từ: both..and; not 
only...but also; either...or; neither...nor)

1. both..and (vừa...vừa..): được dùng theo sau bởi những từ hay cụm từ cùng loại 
Both + adj. + and+ adj. Ex: She's both pretty and clever.

Both + noun+ and+ noun Ex: I spoke to both the Director and his secretary.
Both + verb+ and+ verb Ex: She both dances and sings.

Both + phrase+ and+ phrase Ex: Both the boats with the white sails and the one with the blue
sails are in the harbor.

*Khi hai chủ từ nới bằng both...and thì đợng từ được chia ở số nhiều
Ex: Both my mother and my brother are here.

2. not only... but also( khơng những...mà cịn...)

- not only... but also... có thể đứng ngay trước từ hoặc cụm từ mà nó bổ nghĩa.
Ex: Not only the bathroom was flooded, but laso damp.

- not only cũng có thể đứng giữa câu cùng với động từ

Ex: She not only plays the piano, but also the violin.

- not only có thể được đặt ở đầu mệnh đề để nhấn mạnh, và dùng đảo ngữ . Trong trường hợp này
chúng ta có thể lược bỏ but.

Ex: Not only has she been late three times; she has also done no work.

- Khi hai chủ từ nới bằng not only…but also, thì đợng từ chia theo chủ từ đứng gần động từ.
Ex: Not only my parents but also my teacher is here.

3. either…or …(hoặc……..): được dùng để nói về sự lựa chọn giữa hai khả năng(hoặc đôi khi 
nhiều hơn hai)

Ex: You can either come with me now or walk home.

If you want ice-cream, you can have either coffee, lemon or vanilla.

- Khi hai chủ từ nối bằng either….or……, thì đợng từ chia theo chủ từ đứng gần động từ.
EX: Either the students or the teacher is planning to come.

4. neither…nor….(không…..mà cũng không..): được dùng để nối hai ý phủ định
Ex: Neither the red car nor the blue one can overtake the yellow one.

- Đơi khi có nhiều hơn hai ý được nối bởi neither…..nor…..
Ex: He neither smiled, spoke, nor looked at me.

- Neither có thể đứng đầu câu và theo sau là đảo ngữ
Ex: Neither have I seen him nor have I heard him speak.

- Khi hai chủ từ nới bằng neither ….nor…., thì đợng từ chia theo chủ từ đứng gần động từ.

Ex: Neither my friends nor my teacher is here.

Cleft sentences in the passive voice( câu chẻ ở thể bị động)
S + V+ O → It was +O+ that +be+ V3/ed

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C. Exercises

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. A. engrave B. pastime C. undertake D. spectator

2. A. popular B. music C. pursuit D. solitude

3. A. sport B. course C. outdoor D. world

4. A. leisure B. pursue C. simple D. necessary
5. A. agreed B. organised C. based D. listened
II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

1.A. pursuit B. leisure C. popular D. television
2. A. memento B. solitude C. spectacular D. athletics
3. A. average B. instrument C. enormous D. generous
4. A. engrave B. spectator C. ability D. undertake
5. A. entertain B. recreation C. sophisticated D. population
III.

Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

recreation leisure stock market pursuits
spectators sophisticated memento solitude home-based
1. I play golf and football for recreation only.

2. He invested everything in the stock market.

3. I'm looking forward to more leisure time in my retirement.

4. Many people indulge in home-based leisure pursuit such as watching television.
5. Crowds of spectators were massed along the route of the parade.

IV.

Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. Watching television is the most popular_____________.

A. intensity B. occupation C. recreation D. passion
2. He is very ______ in the information you have given him.

A. interested B. surprised C. depressed D. concerned
3. He ______ us for hours with his stories and jokes.

A. supported B. entertained C. regarded D. raised

4. ______ applicants should send their completed forms to the personnel office.
A. Quality B. Qualitative C. Qualifications D. Qualified
5. Eating out is the national ______ in France.

A. pastime B. interest C. hobby D. game

6. When she was young she never had time to ______ her hobbies

A. persist B. pursue C. engage D. delicate

7. There is considerable ______ over the safety of the treatment, so it hasn't been applied
yet

A. agree B. agreement C. disagree D. disagreement

8. There is an enormous range of holiday courses on ______ in the summer

A. demand B. suggestion C. advice D. offer

V. Complete the sentences with both... (and); neither... (nor) or either...(or)
1. Both Jim and Carol are on holiday.

2. George neither smokes nor drinks.

3. Tom said he would contact me, but he neither wrote nor phoned.

4. Both the boat with the white sails and the one with the blue sails are in the harbor today. 
5. I'm not sure where Maria's from. She's either Spanish or Italian.

VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. She has neither read the book ______ the film.

A. or seen B. nor see C. or see D. nor seen

2. Endive can be used ______ as a salad green or as a cooking vegetable.

A. such B. both C. either D. neither

3. Neither the teacher nor his students ______ pleased with the performance of the team.

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4. Thomas Eakins studied not only painting ______ anatomy when he was training to
become an artist.

A. moreover B. but also C. as well D. and

5. ______ the surface of metal, but also weakens it.

A. Rust, which not only corrodes B. Not only rust corrodes
C. Not only does rust corrode D. Rust not only corrodes
6. Not only ______ shade and beauty, but they also reduce carbon dioxide.

A. do trees provide B. trees provide C. provide trees D. trees do provide
7. It was the musical performance on TV that ______ by our family.

A. was most enjoying b. was most enjoyed
c. most enjoyed d. was most enjoyable
8. Neither my brothers nor I ______ interested in playing sports.

A. are B. am C. have D. has

9. Not only his friends but also Tom ______________ soccer.

A. likes B. like C. is liking D. does like
10. Peter and Tom have never read that book before

A. Neither Tom nor Peter have read that book before.
B. Neither Tom nor Peter has never read that book before.
C. Neither Tom nor Peter has read that book before.
D. Not only Tom but also Peter has read that book before.

VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each 
question.

1. Either Mr. Andersin or Ms Wiggins are going to teach our class today.
A B C D
2. Both Lan and Hoa is good students

A B C D

3. It was Mr. Johnson that were respected to by every student
A B C D

4. Tom said he would contact me, but he either wrote nor phoned
A B C D

5. Not only Ann's parents but also her husband think she should return to school.
A B C D

VIII. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

England is famous for its garden, and most people like gardening. This is probably one
reason why so many people prefer to live in houses rather than in flats. Particularly in
suburban areas it is possible to pass row after row of ordinary small houses, each one with
its neatly kept patch of grass surrounded by great variety of flowers and shrubs.

Enthusiasts of gardening get a great deal of helpful advice from the television and
magazines.

1. What is England famous for?

England is famous for its garden.

2. Why do people prefer to live in houses rather then flats?
Because most English people like gardening

3. Where do people interested in gardening get advice from?

People interested in gardening get advice from the television and magazines.
4. In suburban areas, what is each small house surrounded?

Each small house is surrounded by great variety of flowers and shrubs.

IX. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word(s) for each of the blanks. 
 FUN AND GAMES

Do you think computer games are just for kids? Then you should think again. You
might be (1) ______ to learn that the game industry now make more money than

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It is hardly surprising that video gaming has (2) ______ one of the most popular forms
of entertainment today. A good game is like a good film; it will hold your attention, capture
your imagination and play with your emotions.

The big difference, however, is that watching a movie is a passive (3) ______. You
have no say in how the plot develops or which characters dominate the story. With
computer games, you direct the action and that is what makes them so exciting. Finding
the right game is likely to signal the beginning of a lasting love affair with the interactive
world of make-believe.

It is (4) ______ to think of gaming as something simply for children and teenagers. In

fact, the (5) ______ growth area of the market is the 25-35 age group.

1. A. concerned B. admired C. startled D. surprised

2. A. begun B. grown C. become D. sounded

3. A. pastime B. task C. routine D. employment

4. A. immoral B. wrong C. false D. dishonest

5. A. longest B. widest C. biggest D. deepest

X.

Complete the second sentence so that it has similar meaning to the first
1. It was the manager that we saw. (Using Cleft sentence in the passive)
→It was the manager that was seen

2. It is English that people all over the world use. (Using Cleft sentence in the passive)
→ It is English that is used by people all over the world.

3. The library doesn't have the book I need. The bookstore doesn't have the book I need.
(using neither…nor)

→ Neither the library nor the bookstore has/ have the book I need.

4. We can fix dinner for them here or we can take them to a restaurant. (using either…or)
→ We can either fix dinner for them here or take them to a restaurant.

5. Tom arrived late and started complaining. (using not only…but also)

→ Not only did Tom arrive late, but he started complaining

TEST YOURSELF E

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the 
rest.

1. A. rugby B. nearby C. cycling D. apply

2. A. strength B. event C. athlete D. wrestling

3. A. transferred B. delivered C. equipped D. received

4. A. admired B. looked C. missed D. hoped

5. A. engrave B. pastime C. undertake D. spectator

II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

1. A. infinite B. renewable C. alternative D. potential

2. A. extinct B. influence C. affect D. decrease

3. A. advance B. gymnasium C. solidarity D. variety

4. A. pastime B. enormous C. activity D. important

5. A. appreciate B. freestyle C. official D. accompany

III. Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

solidarity spectators athletes required accompanied
appreciated performed event leisure played

1. The singer was __accompanied___ on the piano by her sister

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3. Their efforts were much ____appreciated_____ when they won 2 gold medals in
bodybuilding and billiards.

4. The most common __leisure__ activities in my country are home-based.

5. On some special occasions, people often march and demonstrate to show their
_solidarity__.

IV. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following 
questions

1. The Vietnamese participants took ____ in the 14th Asian Games with great enthusiasm.

A. notice B. notes C. part D. role

2. Television viewing is by far the most popular pastime, and nearly all households have a
television set.

A. translation B. invention C. emotion D. recreation
3. ____ from several countries competed in many Asian Game.

A. Spectators B. Athletes C. Audience D. Viewers
4. I had forgotten all about it because I had been so ____ with other things.

A. occupied B. interested C. accomplished D. successful

5. ____ can help an athlete to improve the strength of muscles and the appearance of the
body.

A. Weightlifting B. Table tennis C. Shooting D. Playing chess
6. My uncle, an accomplished guitarist, taught me how to play.

A. skillful B. famous C. perfect D. modest

7. The quiet country roads are ideal for cycling.

A. driving a car B. riding a bicycle C. kicking a ball D. playing football
8. I collect the stamps from discarded envelopes that my relatives give me.

A. useless B. expensive C. useful D. cheap

V. Complete each sentence as the following cues

1. The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night. (Combine the sentences
using relative clause)



________________________________________________________________________

 The man (whom) you met at the party last night is a famous actor.

2. I received 2 job offers. I accept neither of them. (Combine the sentences using relative
clause)



________________________________________________________________________

 I received 2 job offers, neither of which I accept.

3. She hasn’t got time to go camping. She hasn’t got the money. (combine the sentences
using neither……..nor)



________________________________________________________________________

 She has got neither time to go camping nor the money.

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

________________________________________________________________________



It was last summer vacation that we went to HCMC.

5. It was Mary that helped John a lot with his English last semester (Cleft sentence in
passive)



________________________________________________________________________

 It was John that was helped a lot with his English last semester (by Mary)

VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following 
questions

1. My ____ for my mother is infinite.

A. admire B. admirer C. admiration D. admirable

2. My father never indulges _____ drinking.

A. on B. in C. with D. to

3. - Jenny: “Have you ever met the man ____ over there?”
- Mary: “No. Who is he?”

A. stands B. is standing C. standing D. who he is 
standing

4. The flat _____________ he lived was dirty.

A. in which B. in what C. to which D. in where

5. 16. Tom, ____ sits next to me, is from Canada.

A. that B. whom C. who D. whose

6. Rumour ________ we heard yesterday is not true.

A. that B. which C. Ø D. all are

correct

7. It is_________we are going to make a three-day trip to Ha Long Bay.

A. in June that B. in June where C. June D. June that
8. Mr. and Mrs. Smith neither came____________sent a message.

A. or B. neither C. and D. nor

9. Either my brother or my sister____________listening to classical music.

A. likes B. like C. to like D. liking

10. - John. “Will you be able to come to the meeting?”
- Jack. “______.”

A. Of course you will B. I’m afraid not C. I’m sorry not D. You must be
kidding

VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each 
question.

1. I am quite keen on my father’s valuable stamp collector.
A B C D

2. Linda was the last student to ask at the oral exam.
A B C D
3. The woman about whom I told you work in our school.

A B C D

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A B C D

IX. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions:

The Asian Games takes places every four years. The spirit of the Asian Games has
been built up over a long period of time, spreading the messages of unity, warmth, and
friendship through competitive sport. It helps to establish the relationship among individual
athletes, coaches, trainers, officials, volunteers and spectators who come together from
many different back grounds and cultures.

Just 11 countries and regions with 489 athletes participated in the 1st Asian Games in
New Delhi in 1951, with only six sports. The 15th Asian Games took place from December
1st through December 15th, 2006, in Doha, the capital of Qatar. More than 10,000 athletes
who represented 45 countries and regions took part in 39 sports and 424 events of the
games. Some new events such as chess and triathlon were also included in the Games.
The world records came in shooting and weightlifting with the Asian bests in archery,
athletics, track cycling, shooting, swimming and weightlifting.

However, it wasn’t all about the winning of medals, taking part for some was just as
much of an achievement for them. The Games have been about more than just the
athletes as 16,000 volunteers from 100 countries around the world have worked 100,000
shifts to ensure the 750,000 spectators had an experience of a lifetime.

27. What messages do the Asian Games spread?

 ____________________________________________________________________

 Asian Games spread the messages of unity, warmth, and friendship through

competitive sport.

28. How many countries took part in the first Asian Games?

 ____________________________________________________________________

 11 countries took part in the first Asian Games.

29. When and where did the first Asian Games take place?

 ____________________________________________________________________

 The 1st Asian Games took place in New Delhi in 1951

30. Was the winning of medals all? What was it?

 ____________________________________________________________________



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UNTI 15: SPACE CONQUEST
Chinh phục vũ trụ
A. VOCABULARY

1. to appoint : bổ nhiệm

2. artificial (a) : nhân tạo 
3. aspiration (n) : khát vọng

4. an astronaut :nhà du hành vũ trụ
5. biography (n) : tiểu sử, lí lịch
6. breakthrough (n) : bước đột phá 
7. challenge (v/n) : thách thức, thủ thách
8. Congress (n) : nghị viện, quốc hội 
9. conquest (n) : sự chinh phục
10. cosmonaut (n) :nhà du hành vũ trụ (Nga)
11. extreme (a) : vô cùng, cực độ
12. feat (n) : chiến công 
13. gravity (n) : trọng lực
14. leap (n) : bước nhảy 
15. mission (n) : nhiệm vụ

16. orbit (n) : quỹ đạo 
17. a pioneer : người tiên phong
18. pressure (n) : áp lực

19. psychological (a) : tḥc về tâm lí
20. reminder (n ) : sự nhắc nhở
21. shuttle (n) : tàu vũ trụ con thoi
22. tragic (a) : bi thảm
23. approximately ( adv) : xấp xỉ
24. to lift off : phóng vào
25. enormous (a) : to lớn
26. to attract : thu hút 
27. to occur = to happen : xảy ra 
28. to congratulate on : chúc mừng
29. uncertainty (n) : sự hoài nghi
30. (un)fortunately : (không) may mắn

B. GRAMMAR:

I. COULD / BE ABLE TO :

COULD BE ABLE TO

Form S + could + Vo S + be able to + Vo

Usages - chỉ khả năng hay dược phép làm 
việc gì đó

Ex: My mother could speak 5 
languages.

- khả năng trong một tình hướng đặc 
biệt.

Ex: They didn''t want to come to us at fisrt
but we were able to persuade them.

II. TAG QUESTIONS

Examples: 1.It's a beautiful day, isn't it?
 2. You speak English, don't you?
 3. Ann can't swim, can she?

STATEMENT TAG Notes: Mượn trợ động từ đối

với động từ thường.

KHẲNG ĐINH PHỦ ĐỊNH

PHỦ ĐỊNH KHẲNG ĐINH

* Notes:

1. Mệnh đề chính bắt đầu bằng Let / Let’s – shall we?
Ex: Let’s go out for a walk in the park, shall we?

2.Mệnh đề chính là I’m – aren’t I ? 
Ex: I’m late, aren’t I ?

3.Câu mệnh đề chính là câu mệnh lệnh à ĐUÔI “ will you”
 Ex: a. Give me some chalk, will you?

b. Don’ talk in class, will you?

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Ex: Nobody came while I was out, did they?

5. S = nothing, everything, something, một danh từ khơng đếm được thì dùng 
đại từ ở phần câu hỏi đuôi là it

Ex: Everything is all right, isn’t it?

6. Khi mệnh đề chính có các trạng từ có ý phủ định never, seldom, hardly, rarely,

no, none, neither, scarely, barely à đuôi ở thể khẳng định 
 EX: He never cuts class, does he?

7. S = there à đuôi giữ lại đại từ “ there”

Ex: There are 30 students in this class, aren’t there? 
 8. S = this / that à đuôi dùng “it”

S = these / those à đuôi dùng “ they”
 Ex: This is your book, isn’t it?

C. EXERCISES

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the 
rest.

1.A. gravity B. aspiration C. biography D. possible

2.A. technical B. conquest C. psychology D. launched

3.A. national B. venture C. fortunate D. suggestion

4.A. support B. shuttle C. success D. venture

5.A.conquest B. cosmonaut C. certainty D.congratulate

II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

1.A. scientist B. president C. engineer D. astronaut

2.A. conquest B. venture C. technical D. artificial.

3.A. biography B. psychological C. approximate D. congratulate

4.A. aspiration B. gravity C. challenge D. fortunate

5.A. success B. cosmonaut C. extreme D. appoint

III.

Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

conquest astronaut gravity tension cosmonaut
Unfortunately support artificial national shuttle
1.______,many houses are going to be demolished to make ways for a new supermarket.
(Unfortunately)

2.Neil Armstrong, an American ______, was the first man to step on the moon's surface.
(astronaut)

3.Sputnik was the first ______ satellite made by the USSR. (artificial)
4.Laughter can be a great release of _____. (tension)

5.In 1986, Armstrong was the vice chairman of the committee that investigated the space
____________ Challenger disaster. (conquest)

IV.

Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following 
questions

1.Although we didn’t win, we were able to take some _____ from our performance.
A. satisfying B. satisfactions C. satisfaction D. satisfactory
2._____ 60,000 people filled the stadium.

A. Approximately B. Approximate C. Approximant D. Approximation
3.The astronauts were able to send the information back to the earth.

A. spaceships B. space stations C. spacemen D. space shots
4.Man has witnessed a great many significant ______ of science and technology in the
past few decades.

A. achieves B. achieved C. achievers D. achievements

5.His flight was in ____around the Earth at the speed of more than 17,000 miles per hour.

A. orbit B. travel C. circuit D. revolve

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A. feast B. feat C. feature D. fervour

7.The 27-year-old Soviet cosmonaut became the first person to eat and drink in ______.

A. weight B. weighting C. weightless D. weightlessness

8.Before Gagarin’s _____ flight, there were still enormous uncertainties.

A. historical B. historic C. history D. historian
V. Do the following exercises

Exercise 1: ADD SUITABLE QUESTION TAGS

1. Don’t leave anything behind, ……… ? will you
2. David is bringing some wine, ……… ? isn’t he
3. She never works on Sundays, ……… ? does she

4. Everyone can learn how to swim, ……… ? can they
5. The ticket to London doesn’t cost a lot, ……… ? does it

Exercise 2: Underline the correct or more natural answer.

1. We (could / were able to) finish the football match before it started snowing too heavy.
2.I was very busy at work; but I( could / was able to) have a couple of days off last week.
3. She swam strongly and( could / was able to) cross the river easily, even though it was 
swollen by the heavy rain.

4.I knew John had been smoking. I (could / was able to) smell the cigarettes when I came 
into the room.

5.(Could you / Were you able to) understand Professor Larsen's lecture? I found it really 
difficult.

VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following 
questions

1.No one is better cook than his mother, ______?

A. is she B. isn't she C. are they D. aren’t they

2.There are no easy ways to learn a foreign language, ______?

A. are they B. are there C. aren't they D. aren't there
3.He seldom goes to the library, ______?

A. doesn’t he B. is he C. does he D. isn’t he

4.When Mr. Lee was younger, he ______ work in the garden for hours.

A. has got to B. should be able to C. can D. could
5.I think he will join us, ______?

A. doesn't he B. won't he C. will he D. don't I

6.Somebody has left these socks on the bathroom floor, ______ ?

A. have they B. haven't they C. has he D. hasn't he

7.Despite the bad weather, he ______ get to the airport in time.

A. could B. was able to C. couldn't D. might

8.Tom wasn't at the party last night. He must not ______ a ride. I know he wanted to
come, but he didn't have a ride.

A. be able to have gotten B. have been able to get
C. to have been able to get D. be able to get

9.No one is indifferent to praise, ______ ?

A. is one B. isn’t one C. is he D. are they

10.Robert ______ a new car for a very good price. He paid 30 percent less than the
regular retail cost.

A. could buy B. was supposed to buy C. had to buy D. was able to buy
VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each

question.

1.He could untie the ropes without the guards noticing. (was able to )
A B C D

2.The air was so polluted in the city center, I was hardly able to breathe. (could hardly )
A B C D

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4.He ought to have made a note of it, didn’t he? (oughtn't he)
A B C D

5.Neither of them offered to help you, did them? (did they?)
A B C D

VIII. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

There is one planet that still fascinates and teases scientists mainly because it doesn't
have an atmosphere to obscure observation, yet it is not big enough for sufficiently

accurate telescopic observation. The fact that it is also very close to the sun also makes it
difficult for astronomers.

However, space telescopes have told us a lot more about Mercury. It is rather similar
to Earth's moon and to Mars. There are mountainous areas dotted with craters and large
valleys which are uncratered. The moon's valleys have fewer cracks and the ridges are
smoother. Mercury's valleys are filled with volcanic rocks, similar to on the moon, yet there
is no evidence of volcanoes, even extinct ones, on Mercury, as there is on the both Mars
and the moon, and of course here on Earth.

So, scientists presume the valleys on Mercury were caused by different things, that is

to say not by volcanoes, but by very large meteorites, which also caused the cracks in the
terrain and left the ridges rough and uneven. More and better photos of Mercury are
needed to prove what are at present at best only hypotheses.

1.What is the topic of this passage?

A. The planet, Mercury B. Observation of planets
C. The Earth's moon D. Astronomers' difficulties
2.Why does Mercury still tease scientists?

A. Because it has an atmosphere which obscures observation.
B. Because it is too close to the sun;

C. Because it is too small.

D. Because it is difficult for space probes to get close to.

3.What is true about Mercury but not true about the moon or Mars?

A. The valleys are filled with volcanic rocks. B. There are no volcanoes.
C. The valleys are uncratered D. There are hilly regions.
4.What does the author imply space telescopes can do better than land-based
telescopes?

A. Show, the volcanoes on Mercury. B. Show the meteorites which hit Mercury.
C. Show what caused Mercury's valleys. D. Show more of the planet, Mercury.
5.What can we infer from the passage that astronomers still need to get more detailed
observation of Mercury?

A. Better and more space telescopes B. More hypotheses.

C. Larger space telescopes D. More ways to prove hypotheses.

IX. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word(s) for each of the blanks.
Is there life on Mars? Many people have (1) _____ about this question. Some writers
of science-fiction think of people from Mars (2) _____ little green creatures. Others
imagine 'Martians' as monsters with many eyes.

In studying this planet, astronomers have found that life may be possible on Mars. The
first (3) _____ of this is that Mars has seasons, just like Earth. In other words, Earth's
seasons, such as spring or summer, occur on Mars too. Because these seasons exist, it
may be possible for (3) _____ and other higher (5) _____ forms to be found on Mars.

1.A. puzzled B. asked C. wondered D. confused

2.A. like B. to be C. as being D. as

3.A. indication B. print C. mark D. trace

4.A. vegetables B. vegetation C. vegetarian D. veterinary

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UNIT 16: THE WONDERS OF THE WORLD
Những kì quan thế giới

A. VOCABULARY
pyramid (n): kim tự tháp
tomb (n): mợ

burial (n): sự chon cất
chamber (n): phịng

treasure (n): kho tàng, châu báu

discover (v): khám phá
wonder (n): kỳ quang
man-made (adj): nhân tạo
construct (v): build: xây dựng
mysterious (adj): huyền bí
belonging (n) tài sản

base (n) bệ

propose (v): đề nghị
spiral (adj): xoắn ốc
ramp (n): đường dốc

ancient (adj): cổ đại

surpass (v): hơn, vượt trội

artificial (adj): nhân tạo, giả, không tự nhiên
attraction (n): sự thu hút

protect (v) bảo vệ
situate (v): đặt ở vị trí

huge (adj): to lớn, khổng lồ
heritage (n): di sản

masterpiece (n): kiệt tác

thief (n): tên trộm

steal (v): đánh cắp
century (n): thế kỷ

theory (n): giả thuyết, lý thuyết
museum (n): bảo tàng

journey (n) hành trình, chuyến đi dài.
B. GRAMMAR (Sentence structures with: It is said that…/ He is said …)
Example:

1. People think that he is very clever.
 It is thought that he is very clever
 He is thought to be very clever.

2. People believe that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.
 It is believe that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.
 He is believed to have driven through the town at 90 km an hour.

Forms:

Active: S + V + that + S2 + V2

Passive: It + be V3/ ed + that + S2 + V2

S2 + be V3/ ed + to Vo

to have V3/ ed 
Use: These structures are almost used in formal style.

(Verbs of Opinion: say, think, believe, report, suppose …)

C. EXERCISES

I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. A. weather B. treasure C. great D. jealous

2. A. pyramid B. spiral C. private D. recycle

3. A. suggest B. century C. upon D. bury

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5. A. washes B. changed C. lived D. grabbed
II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.

1. A. wonder B. pyramid C. treasure D. belongings
2. A. surpass B. spiral C. propose D. mysterious
3. A. theory B. chamber C. consist D. structure
4. A. architect B. attraction C. museum D. construct
5. A. satellite B. artificial C. heritage D. ancient
III. Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

chamber burial tomb belongings spiral
treasures ramps wonders mysterious man-made
1. Rayon is a man-made fiber.

2. Iceland is full hot springs, beautifully coloured rocks, and other natural wonders.
3. A tomb is a grave where a dead person is buried.

4. They are investigating the mysterious disappearance of the plane.

5. Many forgotten treasures have been discovered in the attics of the old houses.
IV. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

1. The purpose of the huge stone was to serve as a tomb when he died.

A. small B. very large in size

C. extremely high D. tiny

2. The tomb served to protect the burial chamber form thieves.
A. people who steal things B. bad weather
C. people who protect D. guadians

3. Several theories have been proposed about how the blocks were put in place.
A. suggested B. proved to be true C. involved D. discovered

4. The museum housed the mysterious Sun Boat, discovered in1945 near the south side of 
the pyramid.

A. wonderful B. hard to explain C. beautiful D. great in size
5. The Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the, famous man - made wonders of the world.

A. artificial B. natural C. modern D. eternal

6. A visit to the Great Wall will certainly bring tourists great ______ in each step of the wall.

A. excite B. exciting C. excitement D. excited

7. The Great Wall of China is considered one of the greatest wonders in the world _____its
magnificence and significance.

A. in spite of B. because C. instead of D. thanks to
8. The Great Wall is China's most popular ______.

A. construction B. attraction C. impression D. contribution
V. Complete the following sentences by using passive voice. Start as shown

1. Some people saw him go on holiday with a very young girl.
- He … was seen to go on ...

2. It is reported that the prisoners escaped by means of a helicopter.
- The prisoners … are reported to have escaped …

3. It is thought that the pilot was killed in the plane crash.
- The pilot … to have been killed in …

4. It was believed that there was some connection between the murders.
- There … was believed to be some …

5. It is known that the team has been supposed by millions of fans.
- The team … is known to have been supposed …

VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. The Ponagar Cham Towers are located on Cu Lao Marble Hill, 2 km north of Nha

Trang.

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2. When it was built, the Great Pyramid was 147 meters high on a ______ of 230 meters
square.

A. basic B. base C basin D basement

3. We had to ______ the noise from the building site next door for three months.
A. give up B. stand up to C. put up with D. look up to
4. There are rumors of buried ______ in that old house.

A. belongings B. tomb C. treasure D. chamber

5. ______ scientists will be working on the moon.

A. It is believed that B. people are believed that
C. Scientists are believed that D. both A & C are correct
6. He is said ______ the entrance exam to that school.

A. to have passed B. that he had passed

C. to be passed D. that he would pass

7. The first question must ______ before you attempt the others.
A. be answered B. have answered

C. answer D. to answer

8. The manager expected the team ___because they hadn't done enough training.
A. to be lost B. have lost C. by losing D. to lose
9. Both domestic and imported automobiles must ______ anti-pollution devices.

A. equip with B. equip by

C. be equipped with D. be equipped by

10.What's wrong with your car? I think it needs ______.

A. check B. checking C. to check D. be checked

VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each question.
1. All the students are looking forward spending their free time relaxing in the sun this summer.

A B C D

2. It thinks that multiple choice tests are easier to do.
 A B C D

3. She is said to steal the antique vase in the museum yesterday.
A B C D

4. Christine was said that to have won the game. 
A B C D

5. She must retyping the report before she hands it in to the director of financing.
 A B C D

VIII. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions below.

Taj Mahal, a mausoleum in Agra, India, regarded as one of the most beautiful
buildings in the world. The Mughal emperor Shah Jahan had it built in memory of his
wife, Arjumand Banu Bagam, known as Mumtaz Mahal (Persian for "Elect of the
Palace"), who died in 1631.

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Inside theTaj Mahal, the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal stands at the center of an

octagonal hall, while the slightly larger tomb of Shah Jahan, who died in 1666, is off to
one side. Both are elaborately carved and inlaid with semiprecious stones, illuminated
by sunlight filtering through an elaborately carved marble screen that is also studded
with jewels.

1. What is the Taj Mahal?
Taj Mahal is a tomb

2. Where is the mausoleum situated?

It is situated on the southern bank of the Yamuna River.
3. How long did it take to complete the mausoleum?

It took nearly 20 years to complete the mausoleum.
4. What was the purpose of the mausoleum?

To memorize the wife of the Mughal emperor, Arjumand Banu Bagam, 
known as Mumtaz Mahal.

IX. Rewrite the following sentences start with the given words
1. People know that the expedition reached the South Pole in May.
The expedition is known to have reached the South Pole in May.
2. It is said that there is a secret tunnel between them.

There is said to be a secret tunnel between them.

3. People consider that she was the best singer that Australia has ever produced.
She is considered to have been the best singer that Australia has ever produced. 
4. It is expected that the weather will be good tomorrow.

The weather is expected to be good tomorrow.

5. A lot of people believe that the Prime Minister and his wife have separated.
The Prime Minister and his wife are believed to have separated.

TEST YOURSELF F
I .

Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the 
others.

1. A. weather B. treasure C. great D. jealous

2. A. raised B. ranked C. surpassed D. laughed

3. A. suggest B. century C. upon D. bury

4. A. eradicate B. marine C. character D. magazine

5. A. passage B. storage C. message D. teenage

II. Choose the word whose main stress is placed differently from the others.
1. A. industry B. memorable C. document D. electricity
2. A. interfere B. machinery C. apparent D. achievement
3. A. achievement B. confidential C. discovery D. emergency

4. A. mature B. nature C. culture D. measure

5. A. scientist B. president C. engineer D. astronaut

III.

Fill in the blanks with one suitable word from the box.

chamber burial tomb belongings

spiral wonders mysterious achievements

1. She collected up her personal _____ belongings ________and left.

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4. They are investigating the ______ mysterious__________ disappearance of the plane.
5. Man has witnessed a great many significant ____ achievements ____________ of
science and technology in the past few decades.

IV.

Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1. Before Gagarin’s _____ flight, there were still enormous uncertainties.

A. historical B. historic C. history D. historian
2. Although his flight lasted only 108 minutes, its _____ made him a national hero.
A. succeed B. successful C. successive D. success
3. Astronauts work in ______ conditions.

A. weight B. weighting C. weightless D. weightlessness

4. From his window in space, Gagarin had a view of the Earth that no human beings had 
done before.

A. discription B. vision C. recognition D. attention

5. The successful flight marked a milestone in China's space project.

A. landmark B. record C. break-up D. progress

6. His flight was in ______ around the Earth at the speed of more than 17,000 miles per
hour.

A. orbit B. travel C. circuit D. revolve

7. By cutting down trees we ______ the natural habitat of birds and animals.

A. hurt B. harm C. damage D. injure

8. Sputnik was the first ______ satellite made by the USSR.

A. manned B. natural C. artificial D. live

V. Write these sentence in another way, beginning as shown.
1. People know that he is armed.

He is known to be armed.
It is known that he is armed

2. It was reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.

The President was reported to have suffered a heart attack. 
3. She bought the car from Tom.

It was Tom that she bought the car from

4. The fifth man who was interviewed was completely unsuitable .
The fifth man to be interviewed was completely unsuitable .

5. I went to see my nephew Jimmy. I used to look after him when he was small.

I went to see my nephew Jimmy, whom I used to look after when he was small.
VI. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following sentences.
1. Neither my brothers nor I ______ interested in playing sports.

A. are B. am C. have D. has

2. Angie warned ______ anyone what she had told me.

A. that I didn't tell B. that I told not C. me to tell not D. me not to tell

3. Jan didn't check she had enough petrol before she left, ______ was careless of her.

A. what B. it C. that D. Which

4. ______ he hasn't any formal qualifications, he has managed to do very well for himself.

A. Despite B. Whereas C. Because D. Although

5. Ann could not speak Chinese and ______ could John.

A. either B. also C. neither D. so

6. Yuri Gagarin is the first human to fly ______ space.

A. in B. to C. into D. around

7. Since they came, we ______ able to work on the project.

A. are B. have been C. had been D. were

8. Somebody has left these socks on the bathroom floor, ______ ?

A. have they B. haven't they C. has he D. hasn't he
9. The teacher ______ has not yet arrived.

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10. If she hadn't gone out in the rain without a raincoat, she ______ in bed now with flu.
A. weren't B. hadn't been C. isn't D. wouldn't be

VII. Mark A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction in each 
sentence.

1. They all laughed because the film was very amused.
 A B C D

2. The professor decided to allow the students to take the examination a
A B

second time because the low scores.
 C D

3. George are said to be planning another trip to Greece. 
 A B C D

4. There’s the woman who she told me about the handbag. 
 A B C D

5. Benny Goodman was equally talented as both a jazz performer
A B
as well as a classical musician.

C D

VIII. Read the passage carefully and the answer the following questions.
THE MAN WHO FELL TO EARTH

Buzz Aldrin was a part of the Apollo 11 mission in 1969 when man first walked on
the moon. Neil Armstrong went first, followed by Buzz. Nothing in all his training had been
prepared by him for that moment, and he has been traveling the world ever since, reliving
the experience.

He was born in New Jersey in 1930, and he graduated from West Point Military
Academy. He served as a pilot in Korea and West Germany, and 1966 he was chosen an
astronaut.

Apollo 11 was launched to the moon on July 16. Four days later they landed near
the sea of Tranquility. The mission ended on July 24, with a splashdown in the Pacific
Ocean.

On coming back to earth, he became very depressed, and suffered from
alcoholism. He had married for the first time when he was young, and had three children .
His second marriage lasted a very short time. Fortunately, he seems to have found
happiness and stability with his third wife, Loris Driggs Cannon, who saved him from self –
destruction. They now live with their three dogs in California and six cars “for fun”. He has
written his autobiography and a science fiction book, called Encounter with Tiber, which
was published in 1996. He now travels the world, giving lecture tours and raising funds for

space exploration.

1. When did the man first walk on the moon?
In 1969.

2. Where did Neil Armstrong serve as a pilot?
In Korea and West Germany.

3. When was Apollo 11 launched to the moon?
On July 16, 1969.

4. How long did the mission last?
Eight days.

5. What happened to Buzz when he returned?

He became very depressed, and suffered from alcoholism..

IX. Choose the one option among - a, b, c or d - that best completes each blank of 
the passage.

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Rare (3) ________________ , such as the mountain gorilla, are already in (4)
________________ . More will follow. Forests are important for another reason, too. They
help to slow the rate of global warming. Trees soak up gases like carbon dioxide, which
are given (5) ________________ by power stations and factories. They also produce
oxygen, and act as the lungs of the world.

1. A. up B. in C. off D. down

2. A. go B. get C. become D. result

3. A. species B. tribes C. races D. specialities

4. A. threat B. danger C. fact D. troubles

5. A. off B. up C. out D. over

X. Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer or the sentence that is closest in
meaning to each of the following sentence.

1. It was thought that the building had been destroyed.
A. The building was thought had been destroyed.
B. The building thought to be destroyed.

C. They have destroyed the building.

D. The building was thought to have been destroyed. 
2. She is not intelligent and she is not beautiful.

A. She is neither intelligent nor beautiful. 
B. She is not both intelligent either beautiful.
C. She neither is intelligent nor beautiful.
D. She is not intelligent nor beautiful.
3. She invited us to her birthday party last week.

A. It is we that were invited to her birthday party last week
B. It was us that was invited to her birthday party last week
C. It were we that were invited to her birthday party last week
D. It was us that were invited to her birthday party last week
4. The book is very expensive. My father is interested in it.

A. The book in which my father is interested is very expensive. 
B. The book which in my father is interested is very expensive

C. The book which my father is interested is very expensive
D. The book in that my father is interested is very expensive
5. The best place in which we can practise English is the staff-room.

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GRADE 11 THEORY AND EXERCISES KEY

<b>UNIT 6: COMPETITIONS</b>

<b>TEST YOURSELF B</b>

<b>TEST YOURSELF D</b>

<b>TEST YOURSELF E</b>

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