CÁC CẤU TRÚC TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG
1.
1. Whose + N + be + Pronoun? ( Cái .. này của ai? )
2. Who + do/ does + N + belong to? (Cái... này thuéc cña ai? )
Ex: Whose cars are these?
Who do these cars belong to?
2.
1. S(person) + spend(any tense) + time + V ing + O
(Ai dựng bao nhiêu thời gian làm g×).
2. It + take( any tense) + Obj (person) + time + To + V o.
(Ai mÊt bao nhiªu thêi gian để làm gì).
3. S + V(any tense) + . + in + time
( Ai làm việc gì trong bao nhiªu thêi gian)
Ex: He spent 2 hours doing his homework.
It took him 2 hours to do his homework
He did his HW in 2 hours
3.
1. S1 + V
+ because/ since/ as + S2 + V
Main clause
adverb clause of reason
S + V(any tense) + …+ because of + N/ N(phrase) .
(Ai ®ã làm sao bởi vì ...)
3. N/N(phrase) + make( any tense) + Obj(person) + V o / adj
(Cái gì làm cho ai đó làm sao đó ).
Ex1: We didnt go to Vung Tau because the weather was bad.
clause
We didn’t go to Vung Tau because of the bad weather.
Ex2: They laughed because of the clowns.
N- pharse
The clowns made them laugh.
2.
4.
1. This is the first time + S +have/has + ever + V3/ed + .
(Đây là lần đầu tiên từng làm việc g×).
2. S + have/ has + never + V3/ed + . + before.
(Ai cha từng làm việc gì trớc đó).
Ex: This is the first time I have ever visited Ha Long bay
I have never visited Ha Long before
5.
1. When + did + S + V + ?
(S làm cái gì ®ã vµo khi nµo )
2. How long + have/has + S + V3/ed…?
+ have/has + S + been + V-ing + …?
Ex: When did you study English ? How long have you studied English?
6.
1. S(person) + find(any tense)+ N/ Obj + adj (ing)
(Ai nhận thấy cái gì ra sao)
2. S (person) + be + adj(ed) + prep + N/Obj.
Ex: I found the book interesting.
I was interested in the book
Adj(ing)
boring
interesting
amusing
amazing
tiring
surprising
annoying
Adj(ed) + prep
bored with
interested in
amused at
amazed at
tired of
surprised at
annoyed at
7.
1. S + last / first + V2/ed....+ adv of time
(S lần đầu, lần cuối làm cái gì).
2. The last / first time + S + V2/ed + .. be + Adv of time
(S lần cuối/đầu làm gì là từ khi )
3. S + havent /hasn’t + V3/ed… + since / for + adv of time
( S cha từng làm gì từ / khoảng )
4. It + be + adv of time + since + S + last / first + V2/ed
Ex: I last saw Nam 2 years ago
I haven’t seen Nam for 2 years
8.
1. It is + time + since + S + last + V2/ed .
(ĐÃ đợc bao nhiêu thời gian kể từ lần cuối S làm việc gì)
2. S + (have/has) + not + V3/ed … + for + time
( S Cha làm gì từ/ khoảng )
Ex: It was 2 years since I last saw him
I haven’t seen him for 2 years
9
1. S + take care of(any tense) + N/ V-ing + …
2. S + look after (any tense) + N/ V-ing + …
Ex: Can you take care of my house?
Can you look after my house?
10
1. S + enjoy/ like + N/ V-ing + … than + N/V-ing …
2. S + would rather + Vo...+ than + Vo …
3. S + prefer + N/V-ing +…… + to + N/ V-ing +…….
11
1.
2.
S1 + aux V + not + allow + Obj (person) + to Vo +
( S1 kh«ng cho phÐp ai làm gì )
S1 + prevent (any tense) + Obj (person) + from + V-ing
( S1 ngăn cấm ai làm viƯc g×)
Ex: They don’t allow the students to smoke here
They prevent the students from smoking here
12
Vay, mỵn ai
1. S + borrow + Obj(person) + Obj(thing)
2. S + lend + Obj(person) + Obj(thing)
Ex: Nam borrowed me money
I lent Nam money
13
Hµo høng mong đợi làm việc gì đó
1. S + look forward to + V-ing + …
2. S+ be + excited (at, about) + V-ing …
3. S + long to + Vo …
Ex: We are very excited about meeting Lan
We look forward to meeting Lan
14
1. S + be + the + (adj + est / most + adj) + N+ S + have/ has ever + V 3/ed
2. S + have/has + never + V3/ed + such + (a/an) + adj + N + before.
Ex: This is the biggest house I have ever seen.
I have never seen such a big house before.
15
1. After+ S + had+ V3/ed …, S + V2/ed…
2. Before + S + V2/ed…, + S +had +V3/ed…
Ex: Before I had finished my home work, I went to bed
After I went to bed, I had finished my home work
16
1. S(N) + V + so + adj / adv + that + S + V …
2. Pron (it/they) + V + such (a/an) + adj + N + that + S + V
Ex: He drives so carelessly that he often has accidents.
He is such a careless driver that he often has acccidents.
17.
1. S + V(-) + adj / adv + enough + to + Vo …
2. S + V(+) + too + adj / adv( tr¸i nghÜa ) + to + V o…
Ex: The table is not light enough for me to lift .
The table is too heavy for me to lift
S + V + adj/adv + enough +( For + O) + to + Vo
Ex1: The film was interesting. We saw it twice.
The film was interesting enough for us to see it twice
Ex2: He is very tall. He can reach the shelf.
He is strong enough to reach the shelf.
18.
S + V + too + adj/adv + (for + O) + to + Vo …
Ex1: He is very ill. He can’t go to school
He is too ill to go to school
Ex2: He drives very slowly. He can’t reach the finish
He drives too slowly to reach the finish
19
S + V … in order (not) to / so as (not) to + Vo…
S + V + so that + clause (S+ V)
(Nh»m ®Ĩ)
20
Adj and adv of manner/ V and N of job.
S + V(present) +.. +Adv of manner
S + be + a/an + Adj + N(Job)
Ex: He drives carefully
He is a careful driver
Adj
good
bad
careless
hard
fast
late
early
soon
noisy
different
Adv of manner
well
badly
carelessly
hard
fast
late
early
soon
noisily
differently
Verb
work
saw
invent
teach
cook
sing
play
drive
speak
run
Noun of job
worker
sawyer
inventor
teacher
cook
singer
player
driver
speaker
runner
21
1. How + adj (träng lỵng, kÝch cì) + be + S (N/ Pro)?
2. What + be + one’s + N(träng lỵng, kÝch cì) ?
Ex: How tall are you?
What is your height?
Adj
Noun
tall/ high
big/small
long/short
deep
thin
thick
wide/narrow
old
height
size
length
depth
thinness
thickness
width
age
22
Nªn / không nên
1. S + should(not ) + Vo
2. S + had better( not ) + Vo…
23
1.
S + don’t / doesn’t + Vo + … any more
2.
S + used to + Vo …
3.
S + stop + Ving …
4.
S + no longer + V …
5.
S + V + … + any longer.
6.
S + give up + V-ing …
Ex: She doesn’t smoke any more
She used to smoke
24
Let’s + Vo…
Let’s not + Vo
Let + O ( me, her, them, Nam..) + Vo …
S + let / don’t let + O (person) + Vo…
25
1. S + have(any tense) + O (person) + Vo + O (thing)
S + have(any tense) + O (thing) + V3/ed …+ by + O(person)
1. S + get (any tense) + O(person) + to + Vo + O(thing)
S + get (any tense) + O(thing) + V3/ed + by + O (person)
Ex1:I will have Nam repair my bike
I will have my bike repaired by Nam
Ex2: He got someone to clean the door
He got the door cleaned by someone
26
1.
Is this + OK / alright + If I + Vo… ?
2.
3.
4.
5.
Would it be + OK / alright + if I + V2/ed… ?
Do you mind if I + Vo …?
Would you mind if I + V2/ed … ?
Do/would you mind+ me/my + Ving..?
Ex: Is this alright / ok if I borrow your pen?
Do you mind if I borrow your pen?
Would you mind if I borrowed your pen?
27
1. Do/ Would you mind + V- ing ….?
2. Can / could / will / would you + Vo… for me?
Ex:
Do you mind opening the door?
Can you open the door for me?
28
S + V + not only + (adj/adv/Noun) + but also + (adj/ adv/ Noun)
29
S1 + V + the same + N + as + S2(N)
S1/N1 + be + different from + S2/ N2
30
1. S1/N1 + V + adj /adv(so sánh hơn ) + than + S2/ N2
2. S2/ N2+ (aux V + not) + as / so + adj/adv + as + S1/N1
Ex: She is taller than her sister.
Her sister is not so tall as her.
PASSIVE VOICE
Active: S + V(present ) + Obj + …
Passive: S + is/am/are + V3/ed + …. By + Obj
Ex: People speak English all over the world
EL is spoken all over the world by people
Active: S + V (past tense) + Obj + ….
Passive: S + was/were + V3/ed + …… by + Obj
Ex: He did his homework last night.
His homework was done last night.
S +
V (present progressive) + Obj + ……
S + (is/am/are) + being + V3/ed + ….. + by + Obj
Ex: They are building a new stadium here
A new stadium is being built here by them
S + have/has + V3/ed + Obj +……
S + have/has + been + V3/ed + ……. + by + Obj
Ex: I have learnt EL since 1999
EL has been learnt since 1999 by me
S + have/has + been + Ving + Obj +…..
S + have/has + been + being + V3/ed + by + Obj
Ex: We have been playing soccer for 2 hours
Soccer has been being played for 2 hours by us
S + was/were + Ving + Obj + ….
S + was/were + being + V3/ed) +…. +by + Obj
Ex: She was reading book at 8 o’clock last night
Book was being read at 8 last night by her
S + had + V3/ed + Obj +……
S + had + been + V3/ed + … + by + Obj
Ex: She had done her homework before she went to bed.
Her homework had been done before she went to bed.
* Modal verbs: (will, would, may, might, shall, should, ought to, must, be going to, have
to, used to, can , could, be able to. )
S + modal verbs + Vo + Obj + ……
S + modal verbs + be + V3/ed + …… by + Obj
Ex: He can do this exercise
This exercise can be done (by him).
* Trờng hợp bất qui tắc
Các ®éng tõ chØ gi¸c quan
S + see/watch/ notice/ hear + Obj + Vo /V-ing …
S + be + V3/ed + to Vo + ……. By + Obj
Ex: I saw him play soccer yesterday
He was seen to play soccer yesterday
Các động t f chỉ ý kiÕn (say, think, report, consider, believe )
Active: S1 + V1(ý kiÕn) + that + S2+ V2 + …
Passive: S2 + be + V3/ed + To Vo / To have + V3/ed
Or: It + be + V3/ed (ý kiến) + that + S2 + V2 + …
Ex: They say that he is a famous singer
He is said to be a famous singer
It is said that he is a famous singer
Active: Vo + Obj + …
Passive: Let + Obj + be + V3/ed …
Ex: Write your name here.
Let your name be written here.
Active:
Don’t + Vo + Obj …!
Passive:
Ex:
Don’t + let + Obj + be + V3/ed …
Don’t open the door
Don’t let the door be opened
Dïng víi need
Active: S + need + to have + Obj(thing) + V3/ed …
Passive: S(thing) + need +( Ving/to be + V3/ed) …
Ex: You need to have your house painted.
Your house needs painting
to be painted
Active: How/ Wh- + aux V + S + V + Obj …?
Pasive: How/ What + be + S + V3/ed + ... + by + Obj …?
Ex: When did he do his homework ?
When was his homework done by him ?
Câu cảm thán
1. What + (a/an) + Adj + N !
2. How + Adj + the + N + be !
Ex: What beautiful houses!
How beautiful the houses are!
Tèt, tư tÕ lµm việc gì đó.
1. It is very kind of + Obj(person) + to + Vo + ...
2. S + be + kind + to + Vo / Obj.
Ex: You are very kind to help me
It is very kind of you to help me
Cạn kiệt, hết cái gì
1. N + be + empty
2. S + run out of + N
Ex: The car’s fuel is empty.
The car runs out of fuel
1. S + V2/ed + … adv of time.
2. S + have/has + V3/ed … + for / since + adv of time.
Ex: We lived in Mai son 2 years ago.
We have lied in Mai son for 2 years.
Yªu nhau
1. S + love(any tense) + Obj(person ) …
2. S + fall(any tense) + in love with + Obj(person) ….
Ex: She loved him at the first sight.
She fell in love with him at the first sight
1. S + enjoy + reflexive Pron (himself, herself, themslves) …
( Tù thëng thøc thêi gian vui vỴ)
2. S + have a good time …(Cã thêi gian vui vỴ).
Ex: She enjoyed herself at the party.
She had a good time at the party.
1. S1 + S2 + have(any tense) + good relationship
( Cã mèi quan hƯ tèt víi ai )
2. S1 + get (any tense) on well with + S2
( Hoµ thuËn víi ai).
Ex: She and I have had good relationship since 2003.
She has gotten on well with me since 2003.
C©u mƯnh lƯnh gi¸n tiÕp
S+V +
ask
+ Obj(person) + (not) + to + Vo
Tell
Beg (khẩn, nài)
Warn (cảnh báo)
Permit (cho phép)
Want (muốn)
Advise(khuyên)
Order (ra lệnh)
Invite (mời)
Allow (cho phép)
Teach (dạy)
Encourage (khuyến khích)
TỪ LIÊN KẾT – CONNECTIVES/ CONNECTORS
and nối hai thành phần cùng loại (n, adj, adv..), but/ however nêu lên ý tương phản,
or dùng để giới thiệu một ý khác, thường gặp trong câu hỏi; so/ therefore dùng để chỉ kết
quả
S + V but + S + V.
S + V, however, S + V. / S+ V. However, S + V.
S + V, so + S + V.
S + V, therefore, + S + V. / S + V. Therefore, + S + V
Ex: She danced and sang beautifully./ He is handsome and intelligent.
He was rich but unhappy.
It was too hot so I opened the window./ I worked hard so I passed the exam easily.
It was still painful so I went to see a doctor.
He’s only 17 and therefore not eligible to vote.
Nam didn’t study. Therefore, he failed the test. = Nam didn’t study. He, therefore, failed the test.
It was cold. However, I still went swimming.
MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ SỰ NHƯNG BỘ(ADVERB CLAUSES
OF CONCESSION)
Although, though, even though, in spite of, despite có nghóa là dù, mặc dù, dù
cho được dùng để chỉ sự tương phản giữa hai mệnh đề. Những mệnh đề chứa các từ này
gọi là mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ.
S + V + although/ though/ even though + S + V.
Although/ Though/ Even though + S + V, S + V.
In spite of/ Despite + Noun phrase (cuïm DT)/ Gerund , + S + V.
Ex:
Although he is intelligent, he can’t do the test.
In spite of/ Despite his intelligence, he can’t do the test.
Though he works hard, he is still poor.
In spite of/ Despite working hard, he is still poor.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
TYPE I
Có thể xảy ra dễ
dàng ở HT or TL
TYPE II
Không có thật
hoặc trái với sự
thật ở HT
TYPE III
Không có thật
hoặc trái với sự
thật ở QK
IF-CLAUSE
Present simple
S + V( s/es)
MAIN CLAUSE
S + will/shall + Vo . . .
S + can/may/must…+ Vo
S + V(s/es)
(thói quen)
Ex: - If I have enough money, I’ll buy a motorbike.
- If it rains, we won’t go to the cinema.
Past subjunctive
S +V 2/ed (be →were) S + would/ could…+ Vo…
Ex: - If I were you, I would study hard.
- If he had a lot of money, he would visit around the world.
Past perfect
S + had + V 3/ed
S + would/could + have + V3/ed
Ex: If Peter had studied hard, he wouldn’t have failed the exam.
* Ghi chuù: Unless = If. . . not
Ex: We’ll be late if we don’t hurry.
Unless we hurry, we’ll be late.
Không bao giờ có hình thức phủ định của động từ trong mệnh đề có “unless”
Nếu câu đề bài có “OR” & “WILL” Viết câu ĐK loại I
Nếu câu đề bài ở thì HT Viết câu ĐK loại II
Nếu câu đề bài ở thì QK viết câu ĐK loại III
Khi viết câu với IF thì phải bỏ “so, because, that’s why”
CLAUSES AFTER WISH (MỆNH ĐỀ SAU WISH)
1. Type I: Future wish (Ao ước ở tương lai)
S + wish + S + Would + Vo
2. Type II: Present wish (Ao ước ở hiện tại)
S + wish + S + V2/ed ( be were )
didn’t + Vo
3. Type III: Past wish (Ao ước ở quá khứ)
S + wish + S + Had + V3/ed
Chú ý: S + wish…….. = If only………..
Nếu câu đề bài có “WILL” OR
“TOMORROW” Viết loại I
Nếu câu đề bài ở HT Viết loại II
Nếu câu đề bài ở QK Viết loại III
Bỏ “sorry, regret, what a pity…”
C¸ch sư dơng cấu trúc either ... or và "neither ... nor.
Điều cần lu ý nhất khi sử dụng cặp thành ngữ này là động từ sau đó phải chia theo
danh từ sau or hoặc nor. Nếu danh từ đó là số ít thì động từ phải chia ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít
và ngợc lại.
Neither
+ noun
either
Ví dụ:
Neither John nor Bill
Singular noun
nor
or
+ singular noun + singular verb
is going to the beach today.
singular verb
Neither John nor his friends are going to the beach today.
Either John or Bill
is going to the beach today.
Singular noun singular verb
Neither
nor
+ noun
+ plural noun + plural verb
either
or
VÝ dô:
Neither Maria nor her friends are going to class today.
Plural
plural
Lu ý :
Khi chñ ngữ là 1 verbing thì động từ phải chia ở ng«i thø 3 sè Ýt.
