Preview Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews Biochemistry, 8e by Emine Ercikan Abali, PhD Susan D. Cline, PhD David S. Franklin, PhD Susan M. Viselli, PhD (2021)

Lippincott®
Illustrated Reviews:
Biochemistry
Eighth Edition

Emine Ercikan Abali, PhD
Assistant Dean for Basic Science Curriculum
CUNY School of Medicine
New York, New York

Susan D. Cline, PhD
Professor of Biochemistry
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Mercer University School of Medicine
Macon, Georgia

David S. Franklin, PhD
Professor of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tulane University School of Medicine
New Orleans, Louisiana

Susan M. Viselli, PhD
Professor of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics
College of Graduate Studies
Midwestern University
Downers Grove, Illinois

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8th edition
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Dedication
This edition is dedicated to those we teach and to those who taught
us.
Emine Ercikan Abali, PhD
Susan D. Cline, PhD
David S. Franklin, PhD
Susan M. Viselli, PhD

Acknowledgments
We extend gratitude to the founding authors of this title, the late Dr.
Pamela Champe and the late Dr. Richard Harvey, who created the
first four editions, and to Dr. Denise Ferrier, who coauthored or
authored the next three editions. We have strived to carry on their
tradition of excellence with the current edition.
We value the many members of the Association of Biochemistry
Educators who provided critical peer review of the new materials
produced for this edition.
We are grateful to the team at Wolters Kluwer. We thank Lindsey
Porambo for her encouragement and invaluable support throughout
this project, Andrea Vosburgh for her guidance and proficient
developmental editing, and Sean Hanrahan for his skillful editorial
coordination.


Contributing Editor, Online Unit Review
Questions
Jana M. Simmons, PhD
President, Association of Biochemistry Educators
Associate Professor
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine
Grand Rapids, Michigan


Reviewers
James D. Baleja, PhD
Associate Professor, Departments of Medical Education and

Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts
Katelyn Carnevale, PhD
Assistant Professor, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical
Education
Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine
Nova Southeastern University
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Gergana Deevska, PhD
Assistant Professor of Biochemistry
Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine
Meridian, Idaho
Joseph Fontes, PhD
Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Assistant Dean of Foundational Sciences, Office of Medical Education
University of Kansas School of Medicine
Kansas City, Kansas
N. Kevin Krane, MD, FACP, FASN
Vice Dean for Academic Affairs
Professor of Medicine
Tulane University School of Medicine
New Orleans, Louisiana
Michael A. Lea, PhD
Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology


Rutgers New Jersey Medical School
Newark, New Jersey
Pasquale Manzerra, PhD

Assistant Dean, Medical Student Affairs and Admissions
Assistant Professor of Biochemistry and Director of Medical Student
Research
Sanford School of Medicine
The University of South Dakota
Vermillion, South Dakota
Richard O. McCann, PhD
Associate Dean of Admissions
Professor of Biochemistry
Mercer University School of Medicine
Macon, Georgia
Darla McCarthy, PhD
Assistant Dean of Curriculum
Associate Teaching Professor, Biochemistry
Department of Basic Medical Sciences
School of Medicine
University of Missouri-Kansas City
Kansas City, Missouri
Gwynneth Offner, PhD
Assistant Dean of Admissions
Director, Medical Sciences Program
Associate Professor of Medicine
Boston University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts
Chante Richardson, PhD
Associate Professor of Biochemistry
Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine
Dothan, Alabama

Scott Severance, PhD
Assistant Professor of Biochemistry
Department of Molecular and Cellular Science
College of Osteopathic Medicine
Liberty University
Lynchburg, Virginia
Luigi Strizzi, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Pathology
College of Graduate Studies
Midwestern University
Downers Grove, Illinois
Tharun Sundaresan, PhD
Associate Professor of Biochemistry
Director, Molecular and Cellular Biology (MCB) Graduate Program
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS)
Bethesda, Maryland


Preface
Biochemistry is the study of how our bodies utilize the nutritional
substances in our diet to make building blocks, fuels, and
communication molecules for our cells. It also includes the processes
by which we convert chemicals within our bodies and eliminate
chemicals from our bodies. This book provides a succinct and
illustrative review of these complex mechanisms. In doing so, the book
also offers examples of a useful organizational tool called a concept
map. Here is an explanation of concept maps so that you may use
them as you study biochemistry, and perhaps create your own
concept maps in your studies.
Concept Maps

Students sometimes view biochemistry as a list of facts or equations
to be memorized, rather than a body of concepts to be understood in
context of the whole person. Details provided to enrich understanding
of these concepts inadvertently turn into distractions. What seems to
be missing is a guide, or type of road map—one that provides the
student with an understanding of the context of how various topics fit
together to tell a story. In this text, a series of biochemical concept
maps have been created to graphically illustrate relationships between
ideas and connections between concepts. These are presented near
the end of each chapter to show how the information can be grouped
or organized. A concept map is, thus, a tool for visualizing the
connections between concepts. Material is represented in a
hierarchical fashion, with the most inclusive, most general concepts at
the top of the map, and the more specific, less general concepts
arranged beneath. The concept maps ideally function as templates or
guides for organizing information, so the student can readily find the
best ways to help with the integration of new information with
knowledge they already possessed. Concept map construction is
described below.


A: Concept boxes and links
Educators define concepts as “perceived regularities in events or
objects.” In the biochemical maps, concepts include abstractions (e.g.,
free energy), processes (e.g., oxidative phosphorylation), and
compounds (e.g., glucose 6-phosphate). These broadly defined
concepts are prioritized with the central idea positioned at the top of
the page. The concepts that follow from this central idea are then
drawn in boxes (see figure, part A). The size of the type indicates the
relative importance of each idea. Lines are drawn between concept

boxes to show which are related. The label on the line defines the
relationship between two concepts, so that it reads as a valid
statement (i.e., the connection creates meaning). The lines with
arrowheads indicate in which direction the connection should be read.
B: Links to other parts of a map
Unlike linear flow charts or outlines, concept maps may contain crosslinks that allow the reader to visualize complex relationships between
ideas represented in different parts of the map (see figure, part B) or
between the map and other chapters in this book (see figure, part C)
or to other books in the Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews series (e.g.,
Lippincott® Illustrated Reviews: Cell and Molecular Biology). These
links can help identify concepts that are central to more than one topic
in biochemistry, empowering students to be effective in clinical
situations and on professional licensure examinations that require
integration of material. These maps with links provide a visual aid to
represent nonlinear relationships between facts, in contrast to crossreferencing within linear text and concepts. The first example of a
complete concept map can be found at the end of Chapter 1 (Fig.
1.13).


Recommended use of this textbook and other resources
This book is a comprehensive review of biochemistry. In addition to
concept maps and illustrative figures, clinical boxes are included to
offer students biologic or medical application of concepts. Students
are also encouraged to challenge their understanding of the
information that they have read through the completion of study
questions at the end of each chapter and in the larger question bank
available online.


Contents

Dedication
Acknowledgments
Contributing Editor, Online Unit Review Questions
Reviewers
Preface

UNIT I: Protein Structure and Function
Chapter 1:
Chapter 2:

Amino Acids and the Role of pH
Protein Structure

Chapter 3:
Chapter 4:

Globular Proteins
Fibrous Proteins

Chapter 5:

Enzymes

UNIT II: Bioenergetics and Carbohydrate Metabolism
Chapter 6:
Chapter 7:

Bioenergetics and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Introduction to Carbohydrates

Chapter 8:
Chapter 9:

Introduction to Metabolism and Glycolysis
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Chapter 10: Gluconeogenesis
Chapter 11: Glycogen Metabolism
Chapter 12: Monosaccharide and Disaccharide Metabolism
Chapter 13: Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
Phosphate
Chapter 14: Glycosaminoglycans, Proteoglycans, and Glycoproteins

UNIT III: Lipid Metabolism
Chapter 15: Dietary Lipid Metabolism
Chapter 16: Fatty Acid, Triacylglycerol, and Ketone Body Metabolism
Chapter 17: Phospholipid, Glycosphingolipid, and Eicosanoid Metabolism
Chapter 18: Cholesterol, Lipoprotein, and Steroid Metabolism

UNIT IV: Nitrogen Metabolism


Chapter 19: Amino Acids: Nitrogen Disposal
Chapter 20: Amino Acids: Degradation and Synthesis
Chapter 21: Amino Acids: Conversion to Specialized Products
Chapter 22: Nucleotide Metabolism

UNIT V: Integration of Metabolism
Chapter 23: Metabolic Effects of Insulin and Glucagon
Chapter 24: The Feed–Fast Cycle

Chapter 25: Diabetes Mellitus
Chapter 26: Obesity

UNIT VI: Medical Nutrition
Chapter 27: Nutrition: Overview and Macronutrients
Chapter 28: Micronutrients: Vitamins
Chapter 29: Micronutrients: Minerals

UNIT VII: Storage and Expression of Genetic Information
Chapter 30: DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair
Chapter 31: RNA Structure, Synthesis, and Processing
Chapter 32: Protein Synthesis
Chapter 33: Regulation of Gene Expression
Chapter 34: Biotechnology and Human Disease
Chapter 35: Blood Clotting
Appendix
Index
Figure Sources