Sinh học 11 nâng cao và hướng dẫn thiết kế bài giảng (Tập 2): Phần 1

THIET KE BAIGIANG

mni


TRAN KHANH PHJONG

/V^

>N^

THIET KE BAI GIANG

SINK HOC

11
NANGCAO TAPHAI

7

X

NHA XUAT BAN HA NOI



Chtrotog II
CAM tTNG (Tiep theo)
B - CAM LfNG 0 DONG VAT
Bai 26. CAM LfNG O DONG VAT
I. MUCTIEU

1. Kien thOrc
- HS neu diroc dinh nghia ve cam ufng.
- Phan biet duoc cam ling a dong vat vdi cam ling a thirc vat.
- Trinh bay dircyc su tien hoa ciia to chiic than kinh a cac nhom dong vat khac
nhau.
2. KTnang
- Phan tich, so sanh, khai quat.
- Van dung kien thiic, hen he thuc ti6n.
- Hoat dong nhom, boat dong ca nhan.
II. THIET B! DAY - HOC
- Tranh hinh SGK.
- Tranh hinh bai 23, 24.
- Chau cay hoa trinh nU.
- 1 chau cay trong tiong hop giay c6 1 16 thiing.
Phieu hoc tap so 1
SO SANH CAM LfNG 6 DONG VAT VA THJC VAT
Noi dung
Vidu
Hinh thiTc
Bieii hien

Cam umg d thtrc vat

Cam urng d dong vat


Phieu hoc tap so 2
T I M HIEU CAIVI Q N G d CAC NHOM BONG VAT
^ \ ^

Dong vat c6 to chiirc than l
Nhom DV
Opng vat chua c6 to
chijrc than kinh

Noi dung

\ ^

DV CO he than
kinh dang ludi

OV CO he than kinh
dang chuoi hach

III. HOAT DONG DAY - HOC
1. Klem tra
GV kiem tra bai tucfng trinh thuc hanh hudrng dong.
2. Trong tarn
- Phan biet cam ling o dong vat va thuc vat.
- Sir tien hoa ciia to chiic than kinh va hinh thuc cam ling 6 cac nhom dong vat
tir tha'p den cao tren bac thang tien hoa.
3. Bai mdi
Mo bai: GV yeu ciu HS neu mot so hinh thiic cam ling d thuc vat de dan dat vao bai.
Hoot dong 1. TIM HIEU CAM UNG 6 DONG VAT
Muc tieu:
- HS phat bieu duac khai niem cam ling 6 dong vat.
- Phan biet dugc cam ung a dong vat vdi cam ling d thuc vat a hinh thiic va
bieu hien.

- Phan tich dugc vi du cam ling a dong vat.
Hoqt dong ciia GV
- GV cho HS quan sat
cac hien tugng:
+ Chau cay duoc trong
trong hop km c6 khoet 1
16 thiing.

Hoot dong cua HS

Noi dung
1. Khai niem cam ung


+ La cay trinh nO cup
xudng khi c6 kich thich
true tiep.
+ Go biia vao khuyu tay I
HS.
- GV yeu cau: Phan tich - HS hoat dong doc lap:
cac hien tuong tren va + Ca nhan quan sat ki cac
cho biet y nghia ciia cac hien tuong.
hien tuong do.
+ Van dung kien thiic a
cac bai 23, 24 va kien
thiic THCS.
+ Nhan biet duoc cam
ling a thuc vat do la: Tinh
hucfng sang, ting dong
khong sinh trucmg (van

dong truong nuoc).
+ HS neu duoc y nghia
ciia cac hien tuong do la:
Giiip thuc vat va dong vat
thich nghi vdi moi tru6ng
song.
- GV: tom tat y kien ciia - HS khai quat kien thiic.
HS roi GV goi y de HS
khai quat thanh khai niem
cam ling.
- GV yeu cau HS
+ Quan sat cac tranh hinh
SGK 6 cac bai 23, 24,
tranh phan xa 6 dong vat.
+ Hoan thanh cac noi
dung ciia phieu hoc tap so
1:" So sanh cam ling 6
dong vat va thuc vat"
- GV ke phieu hoc tap so
1 len bang

- Cam ling la kha nang
tiep nhan va phan ling lai
cac kich thich cua moi
truong ben ngoai, dam
bao cho CO the sinh vat
- HS hoat dong nhom.
+ Ca nhan quan sat tranh ton tai va phat trien.
hinh, van dung kien thiic
CO lien quan den cam ling

ket hop vcfi SGK trang
102 muc I.
+ Thao luan trong nhom
thong nhat y kien ghi
phieu hoc tap.


- GV nhan xet, danh gia - Cac nhom ghi dap an
va thong bao dap an len phieu hoc tap tren
bang.
diing.
- Ldfp theo doi nhan xet 2. Phan biet cam ting o
dong vat va thuc vat
va bo sung.
- Cac nhom tu sua chiia.

Noi dung
Vidu

- Dap an phieu hoc tap
so 1.

Cam ijfng ci thirc vat

Cam lirng ci dong vat

- Cay vLTdn ve phia c6 anh sang, r l cay
hudng ve phia c6 nguon nu'dc.

- Trung roi bdi den ch6 c6 anh sang de

quang hdp.

- Bat moi 6 la cay bat ruoi va cay nap
am.

- Ca bdi ngUdc dong rwJdc de tranh
doc.

- Van dong cuon vong cua tua cuon.

- Cham tay vao vat nong co tay lai.
- Cho tiet nUdc bot khi ngCri thay mui
thifc an ngon.
- Tho chay tron khi thay mui cua cho
s6i hay sUtCr.

Hinh thifc

- Bieu hien bang:
+ Hudng dong: Hudng dat, hudng sang,
hudng nude, hudng hoa.

Bieu hien:

- Bieu hien bang cac phan xa 6 cac
dong vat c6 he than kinh:
+ Phan xa khong dieu kien.

+ C/ng dong:: ung dong sinh trucing va
Lfng dong khong sinh trUcfng.

+ Phan xa c6 dieu kien.

- Cam LTng d i i n ra cham, kho nhan biet.

- Cam Lfng difen ra nhanh, d i phat
hien.

- Chiu SLf anh hUOng cua cac hoocmon.

- IVILTC do, hinh thLfc cam irng thay ddi
tuy thuoc vao mifc do to chCrc cua bp
phan tiep nhan va phan Lfng lai cac kich
thich (he than kinh).

- GV neu van de: Phan - HS van dung kien thiic
biet CO CO trong truong ve phan xa va cam ling de
hop sau:
trao doi va phan tich
• Kich thich vao co diii dugc.
ech (ech con song).
+ Kich thich vao co diii
• Kich thich vao co da ech -^ CO co: Do la phan
tach roi hay che pham xa tu ve. Phan xa thuc
than kinh.
hien do co day dii cac


thanh phan cua cung phan
xa, do la cO quan thu

cam, day thSn kinh.
+ Kich thich vao co tach
rdi, che pham than kinh
-> CO CO. Do la do co, che
ph^m than kinh co kha
nang hung phan nghia la
CO tinh cam ling chii
Ket luan: Cam ling la
khong phai la phan xa.
dac tinh chung cua moi to
- HS khai quat kien thiic
chiic song.
Hoat dong 2. C A M UNG 6 CAC NHOM DONG VAT KHAC NHAU
Muc tieu:
- HS chi ra dugc su tien hoa cua to chiic than kinh d cac nhom dong vat.
- Phan biet cam ling 6 cac nhom dong vat.
Hoat dong cua GV
- GV yeu cau HS:
+ Quan sat tranh hinh
26.1 SGK trang 102.
+ Tra led cau hoi: Trinh
bay su tien hoa ciia to
chiic than kinh 6 cac
nhom dong vat.

Hoqt dong cua HS

Noi dung

1. Tim hieu to chiic than

liinh
o cac nhom dong
+ Ca nhan quan sat tranh
phan tich, van dung kien vat
thirc sinh hgc lop 7, nhan
biet cac dang he than
kinh.
- HS hoat dong nhom.

+ Thao luan nhom thong
nha't y kien.
- Yeu cau neu dugc:
+ Nhom dong vat chua co
to chiic than kinh.
+ Nhom dong vat co to
chiic than kinh tit dcfn
gian den phiic tap.
- Dai dien nhom trinh
bay, Icfp nhan xet va bo
sung.


- GV nhan xet, danh gia
va yeu cau HS khai quat
kien thiic.

Ket luan:
- Nhom dong vat don
bao: khong co he than
kinh.

- Nhom dong vat da bao:
He than kinh cau tao tCr
don gian den phiic tap:
Than kinh dang ludi ->
Than kinh chu6i hach -^
Than kinh dang ong
(Gom than kinh trung
uong va ngoai bien).

- GV neu yeu cau:

2. Tim hieu cam ufng a
cac nhom dong vat

+ Quan sat tranh hinh
SGK va tranh cung phan
xa.
+ Hoan thanh cac noi
dung trong phieu hgc tap
so 2:'' Tim hieu cam ling
6 cac nhom dong vat"
- HS hoat dong nhom:
+ Ca nhan quan sat tranh
hinh ket hgp v6i viec
nghien ciiu SGK trang
103 muc 1 va 2.
+ Trao doi ve cac noi
dung trong phieu hgc tap
-^ thong nha't y kien -^
ghi phieu.

+ Neu VI du phan tich
- GV chieu mot vai phieu + Dai dien nhom trinh
bay tren may chieu -^
hgc tap de lofp quan sat.
Lcfp nhan xet, bo sung.
- GV nhan xet, danh gia
va thong bao dap an - Cac nhom theo doi va
siia chiia.
diing.


DAP AN PHIEU HOC TAP SO 2
Dong vat chi/a co to
chufc than kinh

Dong vat co he than kinh
dang ludi

Dong vat co he than
kinh dang chuoi hach

Oai dien

Dong vat nguyen sinh:
Trung roi, trung amip,
trung de giay.

- T h u y tuTc.

- Giun dot, chan khdp.

Cau tao he
than kinh

Khong c6.

- Cac te bao than kinh va
cac te bao cam glac phan
bo khap be mat cd the va
lien ket vdi nhau.

- Cac te bao than kinh
tap trung thanh chuoi
hach than kinh.

- Te bao than kinh c6 cac
nhanh lien he vdi te bao
bieu mo cd, te bao gai.

- Co su phan hoa thanh:
Hach ngUc, hach bung,
hach nao (hach nao phat
trien d than mem va
chan khdp).
- Moi hach than kinh la
trung tam dieu khien
hoat dong cua mot vung
xac dinh.

Hoat dong

cam Lfng

- Khi CO kich thich tCf mot
phan nao do cua cd the
thi chat nguyen sinh co
rut nhd cac vi sdi goi la
hudng dong.
- Con vat phan Lfng bang
each chuyen dong tdi kich
thich CO Idi va tranh xa
kich thich c6 hai (hu6ng
dong dUdng va hudng
dong am).

DSc diem

- Phan
cham.

Lfng ddn

gian,

- Te bao cam giac bj kfch
thich chuyen thanh xung
than kinh truyen qua mang
ludi than kinh den cac te
bao lam cd the co lai de
tranh kich thich hoac phong
te bao gai vao con moi.

- Khi CO kich thich vao
mot phan nao do cija cd
the
kich thich dUdc
truyen ve hach nao hoSc
hach tUdng Lfng.

- Phan Lfng nhanh, kip thdi
nhUng chUa chinh xac.

- Phan Lfng c6 tfnh dinh
khu nhUng chUa hoan
toan chinh xac.

- Kich thich d mot diem nao
do cua cd the cung gay
phan Lfng toan than.
- Phan Lfng tieu ton nhieu
nSng iLfdng.

- Hach phan tich kich
thich va dieu khien hoat
dong d phan bi kich thich
de phan Lfng (phan Lfng
dinh khu).

- Kich thich ci mot phan
cd the, hach d phan do
dieu khien hoat dong.

- Tieu ton it nang lUdng
hdn.


- GV neu cau hoi thao - Cac nhom thao luan
luan:
+ Ca nhan van dung kien
+ Cam ling 6 dong vat co thiic trong phieu hgc tap
he than kinh dang chu6i de tra Idi.
tien hoa so v6i cam ling d + Trao doi nhanh trong
dong vat co he than kinh nhom.
dang lucfi nhu the nao?
- Yeu cau neu dugc:
+ Phan tich VI du cu the.
+ Tien hoa hon: Kich
thich dugc phan tich tai
hach, phan ling dugc dinh
khu ro, tieu ton it nang
lugng hon.
+ Vi du: 6 chau chau co
he than kinh dang chu6i
hach tuong doi phiic tap.
Khi CO kich thich 6 chan
thi kich thich se dugc
truyen ve hach nguc, tai
day cac hach nguc se
phan tich kich thich va
phat lenh van dong den
cac doi chan de phan ling
hoac ca doi canh de bay

neu kich thich hoan toan
khong CO Igi cho chau
- GV nhan xet, danh gia
chau.
va bo sung kien thiic
+ Trong nhom dong vat
CO he than kinh dang
chu6i hach thi than mem
va chan khdp co hach nao
dac biet phat trien.
+ Hach nao tiep nhan
kich thich tii' cac giac
quan va dieu khien cac
hoat dong phiic tap ciia
CO the chinh xac hon.
10


- GV nen de HS cac - HS CO the hoi: Hoat
nhom trao doi va tra Idi dong cua mat kep d chau
cau hoi cua ban.
chau dugc thuc hien nhu
the nao?
- GV nhan xet, danh gia - L(ip trao doi, van dung
kien thiic tra Idi:
va bo sung kien thiic
+ Mat kep gom nhieu mat
don tao thanh.
+ Hinh anh cua vat co
dugc la do su ket noi tCr

cac mat don.
+ Hach nao tiep nhan
kich thich tii giac quan va
phan tich cho hinh anh ro Ket luan: HS dgc ket
net nha't ciia vat.
luan cuoi bai.

IV. KIEM TRA DANH GIA
GV yeu cau HS tom tat kien thiic ciia bai.

V. DAN DO
- Hgc bai tra 16'i cau hoi SGK.
- Dgc muc:"Em CO biet?"
- On tap kien thiic ve he than kinh 6 dong vat c6 xuong so'ng.

Bai 27. CAM LfNG O DONG VAT (Tiep theo)
I. MUCTIEU
1. Kien thurc
- Trinh bay dugc nhiing dac diem ve nguon goc va cac thanh phan ciia he than
kinh dang 6'ng 6 dong vat co xuong song.
- Phan biet dugc chii'c nang cua he than kinh van dong va he than kinh sinh
duong.
- Trinh bay dugc "phan xa la thugc tinh co ban ciia mgi co the co he than kinh''
11


2. Ky nang
- Quan sat phan tich so sanh.
- He thong hoa, khai quat hoa kien thirc.
- Van dung kien thirc.

II. THIET Bj D A Y - H O C
- Tranh hinh 26.1, 27.1 SGK phong to.
* Thong tin ve su tien hoa ciia dong vat co xuong song.
- Ve phuong thirc cau tao, he than kinh cua dong vat co xuong song hoan toan
khac vdi he than kinh Ian toa va he than kinh hach.
- Trong qua trinh phat trien cua bao thai cac noron dugc hinh thanh tii la phoi
ngoai. Liic dau trong noron tap trung a phia lung tao thanh tam than kinh roi
sau do phat trien thanh 6'ng than kinh chay dgc lung ciia con vat.
- O dong vat co day song he than kinh trung uong ton tai d dang dug than kinh.
Sau do 0 dong vat co xuong song phan sau cua 6'ng than kinh tao thanh tuy
song nam trong cot xuong song, cdn phan dau ciia 6'ng than kinh phat trien
manh va phinh to tao thanh nao nam trong hop sg. TCr nao va tuy song co cac
day than kinh di tdi cac bg phan trong toan bg co the. Cac day than kinh xuat
phat tii tuy song ggi la cac day than kinh tuy. Sau do phan dlu ciia 6'ng than
kinh dugc phan hoa thanh 3 bgng than kinh la bgng trudc, bgng giira va bgng
sau. O dong vat co xuong song bac cao hon, cac bgng nay se tiep tuc phan
hoa thanh cau trijc ciia nao la nao trudc, nao giiia, nao sau.
- Tac dung ciia he than kinh dinh dudng len chiic nang cua cac co quan trong
CO the.
Cd quan

- Gian

-Co

- Nhip tim

-Tang

- Giam

- Luc CO tim

-Tang

- Giam

- Dan truyen

-TSng

- Giam

- Hung phan

-Tang

- Giam

Dong tu" (mat)
Tim

12

Tac dung
pho giao cam

Tac dung giao cam

IVIach mau d

Cd trdn d

-Da

-Co

- Gian

- Tuyen nude bot

-Co

- Gian

- Phoi

- Gian

-Co

- ThUc quan

- Gian

-Co

- Tilfcung co thai

-Co

-Co

- Da day

- Giam CO bop va
trUdng luc cd

- Tang CO bop va
trUdng lUc cd

Phieu hoc tap
"PHAN BIET HE THAN KINH VAN DONG VA HE THAN KINH SINH DLTQNG"
No! dung

He than kinh van dong

He than kinh sinh dudng

Cau tao
Chufc nang

III. HOAT DONG DAY - HOC
1. Kiem tra
- Cam ung la gi? Cam ling d dong vat cd gi khac vdi cam ling d thuc vat.
- So sanh hinh thiic cam ung ciia dong vat cd to chiic than kinh khac nhau.

2. Trong tam
- Nguon gd'c va cac bg phan ciia he than kinh ong.

- Phan biet he than kinh van dong va he than kinh sinh duong.
- Khai quat hoa chiic nang cua cac to chiic than kinh.

3. Bai mdi
Hoqt dong 2. C A M UNG 6 CAC NHOM DONG VAT KHAC NHAU (TIEP THEO)
Muc tieu:
- HS hieu dugc nguon goc ciia bg phan he than kinh ong.
- HS phan biet dugc cau tao chiic nang cua he than kinh van dong.
Hoqt dong cua GV

Hoqt dong cua HS

Noi dung

- GV yeu cau HS:
+ Quan sat tranh he than - Ca nhan thu nhan kien
thiic tii SGK va tranh
kinh d ngudi.
hinh.
13


+ Nghien ciiu thong tin - Thao luan nhdm thd'ng
SGK trang 105.
nha't y kien.
+ Tra Idi cau hoi.

- yeu cau neu dugc.

-^ he than kinh dang 6'ng + Nguon goc tCr la phoi

cd ngudn gd'c tCr dau?
r6i phan hoa.
-^ He than kinh dang 6'ng + He than kinh gom 2 bg
phan.
cd cau tao nhu the nao?
- Dai dien HS trinh bay
tren tranh hinh -> Idp
nhan xet.
- GV nhan xet danh gia - HS khai quat kien thirc
va giiip HS hoan thien
kien thiic.

* Nguon goc he than kinh
dang 6'ng.
- Than kinh dang 6'ng co
ngudn goc tCr la ph6i
ngoai.
- Phan hoa thanh nao, tuy
song, day than kinh va
hach thSn kinh.
* Ca'u tao he than kinh
dang 6'ng: Gom 2 phan.
- Than kinh trung uong
nao,tuy.
- Than kinh ngoai bien:
Day than kinh, hach than
kinh.

- GV bo sung kien thii:c
til muc thong tin bo sung.

- GV dan dat: Can cii vao
chirc nang cua he than
kinh cd the phan chia he
than kinh thanh 2 bg
phan.
- GV yeu cau: De tim - HS hoat dong nhdm
hieu v6 hai bg phan ciia + Ca nhan quan sat tranh
he than kinh cac nhdm hinh, nghien ciru SGK.
14


+ Van dung kien thiic
sinh hgc Idp 8.
+ Thao luan nhdm thd'ng
nhat y kien -^ ghi phieu
- GV ke phieu hgc tap hgc tap.
len bang —>• Idp chiia bai. - Dai dien nhdm ghi dap
- GV nhan xet danh gia an len bang -^ Idp nhan
* Phan biet he than kinh
va thdng bao dap an -> xet.
van dong va he than kinh
Idp siia chua.
sinh dudng.

hoan thanh noi dung
phieu hgc tap "phan biet
he than kinh van dong va
he than kinh sinh dudng"

Noi dung

Cau tao

He than kinh van dong

He than kinh sinh du6ng

- Trung Udng: V6 nao va chat xam

- Gom than kinh giao cam va doi giao

(sCfng trudc) ctja tuy song.

cam.

- Day than kinh van dong.

- Trung Udng: Tru nao, doan cCing cua tuy
song, cac nhan xam d sCfng ben tuy song
(tu dot tuy ngUc 1 den dot tuy that lifng III).
- Day than kinh sinh dudng, hach than
kinh.

ChLfc n§ng

- Dieu khien hoat dong cua cac cd

- Dieu khien, dieu hoa hoat dong cua cac

van trong he van dong, do la hoat

noi quan (cd quan sinh dUdng va cd quan

dong CO ^ thCfc (theo ^ muon).

sinh san), do la nhiJng hoat dong tu dong,
khong theo ^ muon.
- Than kinh giao cam va doi giao cam hoat
dong doi lap nhau.

- GV yeu cau HS phan - HS nghien cu:u SGK va
tich vi du ve tang, ha trinh bay dugc.
huyet ap.
+ Khi huyet ap tang cao
kich thich trung khu di6u
hoa tim mach d hanh tuy
roi theo day ddi giao cam
den lam tim dap cham va
yeu, de giam huyet ap.
15


+ Khi huyet ap ha, nong
do CO, trong mau tang,
xung than kinh theo day
giao cam den lam tim dap
nhanh va manh de tang
huyet ap, thai nhanh CO2
ra khdi co the.
- HS van dung kien thiic
giai thich hien tugng: Khi

vao phong thi HS hay hdi
hop, tim dap nhanh.
- GV neu van dt: Su tien
hoa trong to chiic than
kinh d dong vat the hien
nhu the nao?

- HS van dung kien thiic
bai 26 va kien thiic sinh
hgc Idp 8 de tra Idi dugc.
+ TCr dong vat cd he than
kinh dang ludi chi cd it te
bao than kinh nam rai rac
lien he vdi nhau.
+ Te bao than kinh tap
trung thanh chudi hach
than kinh, cd trung khu va
tap trung dan d phia dau.
+ Phan hoa ro thanh phan
trung uong va ngoai bien.

- GV yeu cSu: he thong
bang so d6 cac thanh
phan ciia he than kinh
dang 6'ng d dong vat cd
xuong song.
- GV nhan xet danh gia.

- Cac nhdm thao luan
thd'ng nhat each vie't so do.

- Dai dien cac nhdm viet
so do he than kinh dang
6'ng len bang, Idp cung
trao ddi.

Hoqt dong 3. PHAN XA - MOT THUOC TINH CO BAN
CUA MOI CO THE CO TO THUC THAN KINH.
Muc tieu:
- HS chi ra dugc hoat dong ciia ccf the cd to chiic than kinh la phan xa.
- HS hieu ro dugc so lugng, chat lugng phan xa do to chuc he than kinh.
16


Hoqt dong cua GV

Hoqt dong cua HS

- GV neu cau hdi:
+ Phan xa la gi? Tai sao
phan xa la thugc tinh co
ban cua mgi co the cd to
chiic than kinh?

- HS van dung kien thiic
sinh hgc Idp 8 tra Idi:
+ Khai niem phan xa.
+ Phan xa thuc hien nhd
cd su lien he giiia cac te
bao than kinh.

Noi dung

+ Ca the khdng cd he
than kinh khdng the cd
phan xa.
- GV neu yeu cau lap
bang so sanh phan xa
khong dieu kien vdi phan
xa CO dilu kien d cac ndi
dung: Trung uong phan
xa, dac diem va ket qua
phan xa.

- HS trao doi nhdm thd'ng
nha't y kien vi cac ndi
dung so sanh phan xa,
- Yeu cau neu dugc:
+ Phan xa cd di6u kien:
Trung uong d v6 nao,
hinh thanh trong qua
trinh song, kh6ng ben, dS
mat, kh6ng di truyfin,
mang tinh ca the, so
lugng khong han che.
+ Phan xa khdng dieu
kien: Trung uong d tru
nao, tuy. Phan xa bam
sinh, ben viing, di truyen
mang tinh loai, s6 lugng
han che.

- HS van dung kien thirc
ket hgp vdi hieu biet tCr
thuc te de tra Idi dugc:
Giiip sinh vat thich nghi
vdi dieu kien song.

- GV hdi: Phan xa cd
dieu kien cd y nghia nhu
the nao trong ddi song
dong vat?
17


- GV nhan xet cac noi
dung HS trao ddi va danh
- GV yeu cau HS khai
quat kien thiic.
- Phan xa: La phan ling
CLia CO the de tra Idi kich
thich tCr moi trudng thdng
qua he than kinh.
- HS phan tich bai tap so - Phan xa la thugc tinh co
4 SGK trang 107.
ban cua mgi co the cd he
+ M6i tim tai, son gai d'c than kinh.
khi trdi ret la phan xa - So lugng va cha't lugng
khdng di6u kien do than phan xa phu thugc vao
kinh sinh dudng di6u miic do td chiic than kinh
khien.
cia CO the.

+ Hien tugng di tim ao
mac la phan xa cd difiu
kien, dd la boat dong cd y
thiic de chd'ng lai ret, vd
nao tham gia vao phan xa.

- Cd 2 loai phan xa: Phan
xa cd dieu kien va phan
xa khdng dieu kien.
+ Phan xa cd di6u kien
dugc thanh lap va luon
dugc thay the giiip co the
thich nghi vdi di6u kien
mdi trudng de ton tai va
phat trien.

IV. KIEM TRA DANH GIA
- HS tom tat kien thirc cua bai hgc.
- HS neu va phan tich mot so phan xa cd dieu kien va phan xa khdng difiu kien.
V. DAN DO
- Hgc bai tra Idi cau hdi SGK.
- Dgc muc "Em cd biet?"
- On tap kien thiic ve trao ddi chat qua mang, kien thii'c vat li v6 dien the, hieu
dien the.
18


Bai 28. DIEN THE NGHI VA DIEN THE HOAT DONG
I. MUC TIEU
1. Kien thiirc

- HS neu rd khai niem dien the nghi va dien the hoat dong.
- HS trinh bay dugc co che hinh thanh dien the nghi va dien the hoat dong.
- Md ta dugc qua trinh truySn xung than kinh trong td chuc than kinh (Tren sgi
than kinh khdng cd vd mielin va cd sgi than kinh cd vd mielin).
2. KTnang
- Quan sat phan tich, khai quat kien thiic lien he thuc ti6n.
- Hoat dong nhdm, boat dong dgc lap.
II. THIET B! DAY - HOC
- Tranh hinh SGKphdng to.
-Hinh 28.2, 29.1 trang 115, 117 SGK co ban.
Thong tin bd sung:
* Dien the nghi ngai:
Dien the nghi ngoi (dien the mang) dugc phat hien d cac te bao than kinh khdng
bi ton thuong va khdng hung pha'n dugc ggi la dien noron. Muon do dugc dien
the nghi ngoi cua 1 noron can phai giai quye't nhiing van de ki thuat sau:
+ Phai tim dugc nhung noron cd dugc sgi true Idn.
+ Can cd dugc cac vi dien cue cd the dua vao trong te bao ma khdng lam te bao
bi tdn thuong.
"' Dien the hoqt dong:
Dien hoat dong phat sinh la do su chenh lech ciia dien the giiia vung boat dong
va vung yen tinh. VCing da hung phan la mang dien tich am, cdn vung yen tinh
mang dien tich duong.
* Co che phat sinh dong dien sinh hoc: Dugc giai thich bang thuyet mang.
Thuyet nay dua tren co so tinh ban tham cd chgn Igc cua mang te bao va cac co
che khuech tan ciia cac ion qua mang te bao. TCr dd tao thanh Idp dien kep giiia
Idp trong va ngoai ciia mang te bao nen lam xuat hien dien the' mang.
- Muon khuech tan qua mang cac ion phai cd su chenh lech ve nong do cac ion
giCra trong va ngoai mang. Su chenh lech nong do nay dugc duy tri la nhd co
che ciia bom Na"" - K"^, trong trang thai yen tinh ion K"^ dugc bom vao trong te
bao, cdn ion Na"" lai dugc bom ra ngoai mang ngugc chieu vdi gradien nong

do. Do su chenh lech nong do ion K^tham manh ra ngoai mang te bao vdi td'c
do nhanh gap 76 Ian cua ion Na" di vao trong cua mang te bao. Cac ion ciia
axit huu CO cd kich thudc va phan tu lugng qua Idn se khdng qua mang te
19


dugc va da tao thanh Idp tich dien am trong mang ciia te bao. Ion K"^ tham ra
ngoai mang nhung khdng di xa dugc vi bi Idp dien tich am trong mang hiit
lai, dan den tao thanh Idp dien tich duong ngoai mang. Ke't qua la 2 ben mang
cua te bao cd Idp dien kep, ngoai duong trong am va tao ra mot dien the nha't
dinh ggi la dien the mang. Hay ndi each khac la mang ciia te bao da bi phan
cue. Do vay d trang thai nghi ngoi sir khuech tan ciia ion K"" tCr trong ra ngoai
mang te bao da lam xuat hien dien the mang.
- Van dung li thuyet mang giai thich su phat sinh ra dong dien hoat dong: Dudi
tac dung cua kich thich mang da thay ddi tinh tham, cac ion Na" tham vao
trong te bao gap 500 Ian so vdi liic nghi. Liic dau ion Na" vao cd tac dung
trung hoa ion am nen da lam mat phan cue E = 0, ggi la su khir cue. Sau dd
lugng ion Na"^ du thua lam thanh dien tich duong trong mang te bao, cdn
ngoai mang lai mang dien tich am dan den sy dao cue lam phat sinh dong
dien hoat dong. Ngirng kich thich tinh tham cua mang dugc khdi phuc
- Mang te bao la noi phat sinh ra dien nghi ngoi ciing nhu dien boat dong. Su
chenh lech ve nong do ion K* va Na" d ngoai va trong mang te bao la ngudn
gd'c phat sinh dien the.
Co che ddn truyen hung phan qua soi trdn khong co mielin
Hung pha'n Ian truySn qua sgi tran tCr dau sgi den cuoi sgi tren co so phat sinh ra
dong dien boat dong do chenh lech dien the' giCra vung hung phan va vung cdn
yen tinh. Trang thai hung phan ciia I diem tren 1 sgi than kinh da dan den su
hung pha'n ciia cac diem ke tiep va cii: nhu the hung phan dugc Ian truyen.
Co che ddn truyen hifng phan tren soi co vo mielin
- Cac sgi cd vd mielin cdn ggi la nhay cdc, nhay bac each dien nen dong dien

cue bg phai nhay tCr eo nay sang eo khac, phuong thirc nhay bac la cd td'c do
nhanh hon su Ian truyen, dong thdi tiet kiem dugc nang lugng, vi su chuyen
dich cac ion Na* K"'chi diSn ra d cac eo, gay ra su dao cue chii khdng dien ra
tren toan sgi nhu sgi tran.
- Xung dong than kinh chi di theo mot chieu va gia tri hieu dien the giam dan
theo do dai va thdi gian truyfin dSn.
Phieu hoc tap
LAN TRUYEN XUNG THAN KINH TREN SOI THAN KINH
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ l - o a i sdi TK
Noi dung

^^^^^^

Cau tao
Cach Ian truyen
Van toe

20

Sdi than kinh khong co
bao mielin

Sdi than kinh
CO bao mielin


III. HOAT DONG DAY - HOC
1. Kiem tra
- Neu dac diem chirc nang ciia he than kinh van dong va he than kinh sinh
dudng.

- So sanh dac diem phan xa cd diSu kien va phan xa khdng dieu kien.
2. Trong tam
- Co che hinh thanh dien the nghi va dien the hoat dong.
- Co che truyen xung thSn kinh tren sgi than kinh (khdng cd bao mielin va cd
bao mielin).
3. Bai mdi
GV dan dat vao bai:
+ Mgi te bao trong co thS deu cd kha nang hung pha'n.
+ Mot so chi tieu de danh gia te bao md cd hung phan hay khdng hung phan dd
la dien te bao.
+ Dien te bao (dien sinh hgc) bao gom dien the nghi va dien the boat dong.
Hoqt dong 1. TIM HIEU DIEN THE NGHI
Muc tieu:
- HS nam dugc khai niem dien the nghi.
- HS hieu va trinh bay dugc co che hinh thanh dien the nghi.
- Biet lien he vt ung dung dien the nghi trong san xuat.
Hoqt dong cua GV
- De hinh , thanh khai
niem dien the nghi GV
yeu cau HS gap toan bg
SGK.

Hoqt dong cua HS

Noi dung
1. Khai niem

-GVtfeo tranh hinh 28.1
SGK phdng to.
- GV neu yeu cau:

+ Quan sat tranh hinh.
+ Trinh bay each do dien
the nghi tren te bao than
kinh ciia muc 6'ng.
21


- HS boat dong nhdm.
+ Ca nhan quan sat tranh
nhan biet mat ngoai va
mat trong cua sgi than
kinh.
+ Trao ddi nhdm thd'ng
nhai y kien.
- Yeu cau neu dugc each
do dien the nghi.
+ Dung dien ke cd 2 dien
cue (1 va 2).
+ Dien cue 1 dat sat
mang ngoai cua te bao,
dien cue 2 cam vao phia
trong mang.
+ Quan sat kim cua dien
ke bi lech -^ chung td cd
su chenh lech dien the
trong va ngoai mang
+ Phia ngoai cia mang
mang dien duong, phia
trong ciia mang mang
dien am.

- Dai dien nhdm trinh
bay tren tranh -^ Idp theo
ddi nhan xet.
- G V nhan xet. danh gia
va bd sung

+ Dien ghi dugc giiia mat
trong va mat ngoai cua
mang ggi la dien the
mang.
+ Dien the mang khac
nhau giira cac loai te bao
va khac nhau cac loai.

22


- GV yeu clu HS khai - HS khai quat kien thiic
quat kien thiic thanh khai ve dien the nghi.
mem.
* Dien the nghi la su
chenh lech dien the giiia 2
ben mang te bao khi te
bao khdng bi kich thich.
Phia ben trong mang
mang dien am so vdi phia
ben ngoai mang mang
dien duong
VI du:
- Dien the nghi cua te

bao than kinh khdng Id
ciia muc d'ng: -70mV.
- Te bao ndn trong mat
ong mat la -50mV

- GV can luu y HS:
+ Chi do dien the nghi
khi te bao dang d trang
thai nghi ngoi (khdng bi
kich thich).

- HS cd the thae mac: Tai
+ Qui udc dat dau - trudc
sao liic te bao d trang thai
chi so dien the nghi.
nghi van cd su chenh lech
dien the.
- HS van dung kien thirc
v6 cau tao mang va tinh
tha'm chgn Ige ciia mang.
- HS thao luan de tra Idi
hdi.
- GV nhan xet phan trao cau
ddi ciia HS va sii dung
thdng tin bd sung de
giang giai.
23


- GV dan dat: Dien the

nghi la su chenh lech
dien the giira 2 ben mang
te bao. Vay do dau cd
dugc su chenh lech dien
the, se tim hieu co che
hinh thanh dien the nghi.
- GV cho HS quan sat
tranh hinh 28.2, 28.3
trang 115 SGK co ban.
hinh 28.2 trang 109 SGK
sinh hgc nang cao.

2. Co che hinh thanh
dien the nghi

- GV neu yeu cau
Quan sat va trinh bay co
che hinh thanh dien the
nghi.
- GV ggi y:

HS hoat dong nhdm

+ Chi ra su chenh lech + Ca nhan nhan biet kien
thiic tii viec quan sat
ion K"^ va Na'
+ Su di chuyen cia cac tranh.
ion.

+ Trao ddi trong nhdm v6

+ Tinh tham ciia mang te cac van de GV ggi y.
thdng nha't y kien tra Idi
bao ddi vdi ion.
ghi lai tren giay.
+ Hoat dong ciia bom Na,
K.
- GV chiia bai bang each
chieu dap an ciia nhdm - Dai dien nhdm trinh
len may chieu hay de cac bay tren tranh, Idp nhan
nhdm ghi ket qua len xet va bd sung.
bang.
- GV nhan xet, danh gia
va bd sung hoan thien
kien thiic.

24

Co che:
- Cd su chenh lech vt
nong do Na"" va K"^ giiia
dich md va dich bao
(trong va ngoai mang).