unit 1 grammar

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<b>Grammar Infinitive with “to” and infinitive without “to”</b>

Khi trong câu tiéng anh ở phần vị ngữ(predicate) có cụm hay nhóm động từ có quan hệ phụ thuộc(dependecy),
trong đa số các trường hợp, động từ thứ hai trong vị ngữ có dạng to-infinitive hoặc bare infinitive.

I hope to see you again next year.

I want you to attend the coming seminar on ELT.
The plot of the film made her cry

Sau đây là các cách dùng động từ nguyên thể thông dụng

<b>I. Usage</b>

<b>A. to – infinitive. </b>

 <b>Một số động từ nhất định đi kèm một số động từ ở dạng nguyên thể như</b>: agree, aim,
attempt, decide, hope, hate, offer, wait, deserve, promise, plan, manage, refuse, afford,
learn,forget, threaten, arrange ...

Cấu trúc:

<b>Verb + to-infinitive</b>
<b>( V+ to do sth)</b>

They decided to spend their holidays on HonTre island.
She claimed to know the best actress of the year.
I hate to receive unwanted guests.

 <b>Đứng ngay sau tân ngữ ( object) của động từ</b> như tell, invite, remind, encourage, force,
enable,teach, order, warn, invite, pesuade, get( persuade, arrange for)...

<b>Verb + object + to-infinitive</b>
<b>( V + Sb+ to do sth)</b>

They advised me to wait until tomorrow.

The teacher tells her students to hand in their home exercise tomorrow.
 <b>Đứng sau tính từ(adjective)</b>

We are happy to be home at last.

The student are certain to pass the exams.

 <b>Chú ý</b>: khi chuyển sang dạng phủ định (negative) em phải lưu ý: <b>not + to-infinive</b>
They decided not to spend their holiday in Thinh Long beach.

They advised me not to go out late at night.

<b>B. Bare infinitive</b>

 Được dùng sau động từ<b>make, have</b> với nghĩ nguyên cớ (causative)

The Brown made their children clean their room.
The guest had the porters carry their luggage upstairs.

 Được dùng sau động từ giác quan như see, hear, feel,notice, taste, smell, ....

We incidentally saw the plane crash into the moutain.
The man noticed his assistant leave work earlier than usual.

 Đuợc dùng sau động từ let và help.

My brother let me use computer.

The parents helped their children set up the tent.

 <b>Khi chuyển sang câu bị động em phải thêm to vào giữa 2 động từ: </b>
The Brown made their children clean their room.

-> The children were made to clean their room by the Brown.

<b>II. Exercise.</b>

<b>Exercise 1. Complete the sentences, using the appropriate forms of the verb in the box.</b>

Find know use take pass look
touch finish keep write complete

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4. Our teacher encourges us ... a dictionary whenever we are unsure of the meaning of a word.
5. Before I went away to college, my mother remind me ... her a letter once a week.

6. Mrs Long has warned her young children not ... the hot stove.

7. The student on the corner pretended ... the answers to the teacher’s questions.
8. Residents are not allowed ... pets in that apartment building.

9. All applicants are required ... the entrance examination.

10. Ann advised her sisters ... the plane instead of driving to San Francisco.

<b>Exercise 2. Infinitives after Adjectives.</b>

Complete the sentences using the appropriate form of the verbs in the box.

Go stay see find out hear read

receive go be help wlk study

Example: I’m eager to go on vacation soon.

1. I was glad ... a present from my old closest friend.
2. I was relieved ... that I had passed the exam.

3. The jet pilot was very lucky ... alive after the plane crash.
4. The children were anxious ... to the circus.

5. Dung didn’t feel like going anywhere. He was comtent ... at home and ... a book.
6. The teacher is always willing ... the students.

7. The students are motivated ... English.

8. Thanh ws hesitant ... home alone on the dark street.
9. I was suprised ... Mr. Suzucho at the meeting.

10. We were very sorry ... the bad news about the collapse of the brigde.

<b>Exercise 3.Complete the sentences in the following paraghraph with verb + infinitive. Use two </b>
<b>verbs in the parentheses in the correct order. The first is done for you.</b>

Do you ( take, know how) know how to take care of an accident victim? Suppose that a car hits a child
and the child is lying in the street. What do you do? Well, first of all, don’t (move, try) ...1... the victim.
You (ought,stay) ...2... with him or her while people calls for help.You

( check, need) ...3... the child’ pulse first. If there is no pulse, ( do, begin) ...4... CPR

( Cardiopulmonary resuscitation) immediately). Sometimes there is a pulse, but the victim is not breathing. In
that case,you’ll ( have, perform) ...5... mouth-to-mouth resuscitation ( articifial respiration)If the child is
conscious, he or she may( start, get) ...6... upset. You’ll (calm, want) ....7... him or her. ( Promise,
stay) ...8... with th victim, ( continue, take) ...9... care of the injured child until the ambulance
arrives.

<b>Exercise 4. Rewrite the sentences using It + be + adjective.... If possible, use of/ for + pronoun </b>
<b>after the adjective.</b>

Example: She was brave to spend the night in the old house alone.
-> It was brave of her to spend to the night in the old house.

1. Such a magnificent performance was wonderful to hear. ->...
2. You were maen to eat all the cake and not leave any for me. ->...
3. They were unresonable to complain about the exam results. ->...
4. The top of the jar was awkward to get off. ->...

5. The shelves were simple to put up. ->...

6. He was unprofessional to criticize the head teacher in fron of the staff. ->...
7. You were kind to give bithday presents to the children. ->...

8. Shy people have a hard time meeting others at social events.(difficult) ->...
9. Students need to have strategies to remember new information.( necessary) ->...
10. Scientists will never know the origin of every disease in the world.( impposible) ->...

<b>Exercise 5. Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the verbs in the brackets</b>.
1. The headmaster begins ( arrange) ... the matter at one.

2. She loves( swim) ... in the early morning.
3. They agreed ( be) present at the opening ceremony.
4. I don’t want (force) ... you ( do) ... what I say.
5. Most people prefer (drive) ... to ( ride)...

6. They have stopped (do) ... bussiness because of bad situations.
7. I must ask you (stop, talk) ...

8. Let me( help) ... you (get) ... it right.

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12. the manager let me ( watch) ... the actors and actresses (rehearse) ...
13. They denied( destroy) ... the flower beds in the schoolyard.

14. He spends ages ( play) ... games online.

15. They promised (help) ... me (prepare) ... for the party.

<b>Exercise 6. Put the words in the correct order to have complete sentences Use the verbs in their </b>
<b>appropriate infinitive or –ing forms.</b>

Example: manager/see/ now/ want/ I / the. -> I want to see the manager now.

1. Children/ buy/ often/ comics and sweet/ want/ their parents/ them.-> ...
2. their patients/ high in fats/ eat/ Many doctors/ avoid/ advise/ food.

3. stay/ like/ home/don’t/ all / weekend/ I

4. exercise/ experts/remind/ once/ us/ day/ to Health/ regularly/ every
5. The/ parking attendant/ for free/ didn’t/ allow/ the/ park/ woman.

6. brothers/ together/ to live/ We/ lear/must/ as ( Martin Luther King).
7. children/ spend/ time/ I’d like / with/ the/ more/ honeless/ enjoy.
8. We/ get up/ for/ don’t/ than/ earlier/ usual/ work/ mind.

9. mountainous/ new/ I /areas/ decided/ branches/ in/open.

10. Why/ suggestions/ don’t /instead of / make/ some/ complain/ you?
11. It’s/ careful/ plans/ necessary/ make.

12. summer/ said/ i’d/ go/this/like.

13. my leg/ I /craw up/ can/ something/feel.
14. be/seem/good/He/ preferred/than/ good

15. English/ studies/ better/ have/a/ She/ job/chance/ of get/ good/ a.

<b>Gerund</b>

Hãy xem các ví dụ sau:

I <b>enjoy dancing</b> (not to dance)

Would you <b>mind closing</b> the window? (not close)
She <b>suggested going</b> to the cinema tonight.( not to go)

Sau các từ enjoy, mind, suggest chúng ta dùng <b>V-ing</b> ( not to_verb)
1. <b>Các động từ sau cũng theo quy luật trênVerb + V_ing</b>:

Deny
Admit

Suggest

Consider (cân nhắc)
Fancy ( mến thích)
Miss

Finish

Involve( liên quan)
Avoid

Risk( liều lĩnh)
Postpone
Practise
Imagine

Have you ever <b>considered going</b> to live in other coutry?
I don’t <b>fancy going</b> for a walk wit my friends tonight.
Ở dạng phủ định <b>not + V-ing</b>

When I’m on holiday, I enjoy not having to get up early.

<b>2. V- ing còn được dùng sau giới từ: on/ at/ in / off....</b>

Paul don’t give <b>up smoking</b>.

We must something. We don’t go <b>on living</b> like this.

3. Đối với một số động từ( <b>keep, stop, imagine</b>..) em dùng cấu trúc: Verb+ sb+ V-ing
I can’t imagine George riding this bicycle.

<b>Exercise 1. Complete each sentence with a suitable verb.</b>

Answer apply be be listen make

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<b>Exercise 2. Complete the sentences for each situation using V-ing</b>

<b>Exercise 3</b>

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<b>Exercise 5</b>

<b>Exercise 6</b>

<b>Exercise 7 </b>

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<b>Exercise 9 </b>

<b>Exercise 10</b>

<b>Exercise 11</b>

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<b>Exercise 13</b>

<b>Exercise 14. Put the verb into crrect form v-ing or To –V. sometime either form possible.</b>

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<b>Exercise 16.Put the verb into correct form –ing or to- verb.</b>

Exercises for Gerund or Infinitive

<b>Ex 1: Complete the following sentences using bare infinitive or to infinitive </b>“ ” “ ”

1 He made me (do)... it all over again.

2 She can (sing)... quite well.

3 He will be able (swim)... very soon.
4 I used (live)... in a caravan.

5 You ought (go)... today. It may (rain)... tomorrow.
7 I want (see)... the house where our president was born.
8 He made her (repeat)... the message.

9 May I (use)... your phone?

10 He should (know) ... how (use) ... the film projector, but if he doesn't had better
(show) ... him.

11 If you want (get)... there before dark you should (start) at once.
12 I couldn't (remember) ...his address.

13 You'll be able (do)... it yourself when you are older.

14 Would you like (go)... now or shall we (wait)... till the end?

15 They won't let us (leave)... the Customs shed till our luggage has been examined.
16 I used (smoke)... forty cigarettes a day.

17 Will you help me (move)... the bookcase?

18 He wouldn't let my baby (play) ...with his gold watch.
19 They refused (accept)... the bribe.

20 Please let me (know)... your decision as soon as possible.
21 He made us (wait) ... for hours.

22 Could you (tell)... me the time, please?
23 We must (send) ... him a telegram.

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26 You can (leave)... your dog with us if you don't (want)... (take) ... him
with you.

27 I'd like him (go)... to a university but I can't (make) ... him (go) ... .
28 We could (go)... to a concert, unless you'd prefer (visit) ... a museum.
29 You seem (know)... this area very well. ~Yes, I used (live)... here.
30 The kidnappers told the parents (not inform)... the police.

31 You can (take) ... a horse to water but you can't (make)... him
(drink)... .

32 I'm sorry (disappoint) ... you but I can't (let) ... you (have) ... any more money till
the end of the month.

33 It is easy (be) ... wise after the event.

34 Do you (wish) ... (make) ... a complaint?

35 If you can't (remember) ... his number you'd better (look) ... it up.
36 Visitors are asked (not feed) ... the animals.

37 Could I (see) ... Mr Pitt, please?- I'm afraid Mr Pitt isn't in. Would you like
(speak) ... to his secretary'

38 He should (know) ... how (use) ... the film projector, but if he doesn't had better
(show) ... him.

39 He was made (sign) ... a paper admitting his guilt.
40 I felt the house (shake) ... with the explosion,

41 Would you like (come) ... in my car? ~ No, thanks. I'd rather (walk). ...
42 It is better (put) ... your money in a bank than (keep) ... t under your bedin an

old stocking.

43 The bank robbers made the cashier (show) ... them how (open) ... the safe.
44 If you knew he was wrong, why didn't you (say) ... something?

45 It's better (be) ... sure than sorry.

46 I saw the driver (open) ... his window and (throw) ... a box into the bushes.
47 That is far too heavy for one person (carry) ... ; let me (help) ... you.

48 I saw the plane (crash) ... into the hill and (burst) ... into flames.

49 There is nothing (do) ... but (wait) ... till somebody comes (let) ... us out.
50 He heard a cock (crow) ... in a neighbouring village.

51 You may as well (tell) ... us the truth. It will (be) ... easy (check) ... your story.
52 The American said he had seen nine presidents (come) ... and (go) ... . He must

(be) ... a very old man.

53 Would you rather (be) ... more stupid than you look or (look) ... more stupid
than you are?

54 I have a lot of homework ( do) ... tonight, so I cannot go out with you.
55 it is really interesting ( read) ... these books.

56 He felt lonely, he had no friends ( play) ...with.

57 He doesn’t have enough money ( buy) ... a new house.
58 His explanations were difficult ( understand) ...

59 I felt something (bite) ... my finger.

60 I will let you ( borrow) ... my car as long as you promise ( be) ... careful.
61 They decided ( not/ go) ... to the park as it was raining hard

62 The sea wasn’t warm enough for us (go) ... swimming.
63 I was too tired ( do) ... any more work.

64 As she drove past his house she noticed him ( run) ... away from home.
65 I want you ( tell) ... me the whole truth.

66 We had nothing ( do) ... except looking at the cinema posters

<b>Ex 2: Rewrite each sentence as directed ( using the structures with To Infinitive and Bare </b>
<b>Infinitive above) </b>

1. The mechanic serviced my car last week.

I had the mechanic ...

2. I felt nervous when I traveled by air.

Travelling by air made ...
3. He could not afford to buy the car.

The car was too expensive ...
4. I advised you to put your money in the bank

You had

better ...
5. There is no need for you to talk so loudly

You don’t have ...
6. “You must ask me for permission before leaving” the teacher said to Tom

The teacher made Tom ...
7. The house shook violently and all of us felt that

All of us felt the house ...
8. We can’t possibly work in this noise

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Mr. Puncher doesn’t let ...
10. Contacting her at work in usually quite easy.

It’s quite easy ...
11. “Mr. John left the house very early this morning”, Tom said.

Tom said that he saw ...
12. Jimmy got into his car and drove away. I saw this.

I saw Jimmy ...
13. Can you sign the papers please? They are ready.

The papers are ...
14. Harry’s parents didn’t allow him to smoke and drink.

Harry’s parents didn’t let ...
15. I think that you should make a decision soon.

I want ...
16. They talked in the next room.

I heard ...
17. The customs officer told him to open his briefcase.

The custom officer made ...
18 The animal moved towards me, I felt it.

I felt ...
19 You can use my car if you want to.

I will let ...
20 My father said I could use his car.

My father allowed ...
21 I was surprised that it rained

It didn’t expect ...
22 He looks older when he wears glasses.

Wearing glasses made ...
23 My lawyer said I shouldn’t say anything to the police.

My lawyer advised ...
24 If you have a car you are able to go places more easily.

Having a car enables ...
25 Don’t let me forget to call my sister.

Please remind ...
26 I think he should leave early.

I want ...
27 He said he would pick me up.

He promised ...
28 Peter: “ Shall we get married?” - Mary: “ Yes”

Peter and Mary decided ...
29 Tom : “ Please help me” - Susan: “ OK”

Susan agreed ...
30 “ I won’t tell anyone about it” , Sue said.

Sue promised ...
31. “ I am not going to tell you my name.”, Sue said to the man.

Sue refused ...
32. If I were you, I wouldn’t lend him any money.

I advised ...
<b>Ex 3: Choose the correct option </b>

1. Peter said that he saw Mary ... that beautiful vase

a. break b. breaking c. break d. broke
2. The police ... them get out of the car.

a. caused b. made c. asked d. ordered
3. I heard someone ... outside

a. fell b. fall c. to fall d. fell
4. He was made ... by the custom officer

a. to open to suitcase b. opening the suitcase
c. open the suitcase d. opened the suitcase
5. Bill’s wife doesn’t let him ...go to the party.

a. go b. to go c. to have gone d. went
6. Larry finally ... to quit the job.

a. admitted b. decided c. must d. thought
7. You will never know why Jane refused ... the job.

a. getting b. get c. to get d. to be got
8. Why don’t you ... your son go camping with his classmate?

a. permit b. allow c. let d. advise
9. I am very pleased ... you again

a. see b. to see c. to seeing d. be seeing
10. There are two important things ... in your mind.

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a. to cross b. crossing c. cross d. crossed
12. Carl ... staying one more night in the village.

a. agrees b. hopes c. plans d. suggest
13. I can’t go with you all. I have a lot of homework ... now

a. to do b. doing c. do d. be done
14. It was very kind of you ... me.

a. helping b. to help c. help d. helped
15. He saw them ...home late

a. arrive b. to arrive c. arrived d. be arriving
16. Instead of buying a new pair of shoes, I had my old ones ...

a. repair b. to repair c. repairing d. repaired
17. It is possible ... to train across Canada.

a. take b. to take c. taking d. to be taken
18. Before we leave, let’s have Shelley ... a map for us so we won’t get lost.

a. draw b. to draw c. drawing d. drawn
19. I can hear a cat ... at the window.

a. scratches b. to scratch c. scratching d. was scratching
20. I think you mother should let you ...your own mind.

a. make up b. to make up c. making up d. made up
21. Do you know what made so many people ... their home?

a. evacuate b. to evacuate c. evacuated d. be evacuated
22. ... bread, you usually need flour, salt, and yeast.

a. Make b. To make c. Making d. Made
23 I was delighted ... my old friends again.

a. to see b. seeing c. saw d. be seen
24 We saw our favourite ballet ... at the theater last night.

a. perform b. performing c. to perform d. in performing
25 I would rather ... to Elvis than The Beatles

a. listen b. to listen c. listening d. be listened
26 Can you manage ... the work by yourself?

a. finish b. to finish c. finishing d. finished
27 She doesn’t allow ... in her room

a. smoked b. to smoke c. smoking d. smoked
28 We just didn’t allow them ... the military zone.

a. entering b. to enter c. enter d. entered
29 They are planning ... a flyover at this crossroads

a. building b. to build c. build d. built
30 I am sorry. I’ve arranged ... to Susie’s birthday this Saturday

a. go b. to go c. going d. be gone
31 The lifeguard warned all of us ... too far from the shore.

a. to not swim b. not to swim c. don’t swim d. not swim
33 These tables were too heavy ...

a. to move for us b. for us to move c. for us moving d. moving for us
34 Please tell me how ... to the post office from here.

a. getting b. to get c. get d. have got
35 Why don’t you ... your son go camping with his classmate?

a. let b. permit c. allow d. want
36 I have little time ...

a. relax b. to relax c. relaxing d. relaxed
37 I am pleased ... you again

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