Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems

Faculty of English Language Teacher Education
Division II
3B Writing Assignment Cover Sheet
Student Name/ID:

Tran Thi Khanh Chi
Dinh Thi Duyen
Vi Thi Nguyet Ha

Essay genre: Problem-Solution Essay
Essay title: Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems
Identify one or two serious problems and suggest ways that
governments and individuals can tackle these problems
Word Count: 545 words
We declare that all material in this assignment is our own work except where is a
clear acknowledgement or reference to the work of others.
Signed…………………………………Date………………………………………….
I declare that all material in this assignment is my own work except where there is
clear acknowledgement or reference to the work of others.
Signed……………………..……………….Date………………………………

Conditions
 There will be automatic deductions of 10% for work, which is 10% over or
under word limit.
 There will be automatic deduction of 50% for work with fewer than TWO
cited references.
 Errors in referencing will result in up to 10% of deduction of marks.
 Resubmission is required if plagiarism exceeds 10% of the word count
(excluding reference list). A maximum of 80% will be awarded for the
resubmitted version.
 Work not submitted on time without prior approval will be penalized by 5%

per day. Late work will not be accepted once the marked assignments have
been returned or after 2 weeks after due date, unless an extension has been
granted.

Assessor’s comments:………………………………………………………….
..................................................................................Assessment:
……………………..Assessor’s Signature (optional):………………….. Dated:
…………………….


I.

Reading-Writing Assignment Report

Question

Report

Who wrote the first draft of the first Tran Khanh Chi
essay?
Who wrote the second draft of the first Dinh Thi Duyen
essay?
Who wrote the first draft of the second Vi Thi Nguyet Ha
essay?
Who wrote the second draft of the Dinh Thi Duyen
second essay?
Who wrote the first draft of the third Dinh Thi Duyen
essay?
Who wrote the second draft of the third Dinh Thi Duyen
essay?

Who did more research for the reading - Vi Thi Nguyet Ha – she found
materials?

good reading materials
- Dinh Thi Duyen – she found more
reading materials but some of them
are not completely effective
- Tran Khanh Chi – she was
responsible for gathering reading
resoureces of Duyen and Ha into
word version to submit to teacher.

Who made the notes of the selected - Ha and Chi were responsible for
reading texts?

summarizing reading texts and
taking note main ideas.
- Duyen

was

responsible

for

interacting with reading texts and
vocabulary
texts.

and

paraphrasing


Was the work divided equally among Because Chi (the leader of group)
three members?

didn’t divide specifically the things
to do for the members, Duyen wrote
more in the process of writing 3
essays.

Was there any emerging problem during

Chi submitted her content later than

the process of assignment

the deadline proposed

accomplishment? Specify the problem(s)
if any

II.

Interact with texts
1. Reading text 1
1.1. Interact with reading text 1

We’ve worried about overpopulation for centuries.

And we’ve always been wrong.
Kelsey Piper, Aug 20, 2019

Around the year
zero,

Earth’s

For nearly all of human history, there haven’t been that

estimated

many of us. Around the year zero, Earth’s population is

population was

estimated to have been 190 million. A thousand years
later, it was probably around 250 million.

190 million. Up
to

now,

the

world we live in

Then the Industrial Revolution happened, and human has approached
a population of

population went into overdrive. It took hundreds of
nearly 8 billion
thousands of years for humans to hit the 1 billion mark, in (connecting
1800. We added the next billion by 1928. In 1960, we hit 3 information)
billion. In 1975, 4 billion.
That sounds like the route to an overpopulation apocalypse,
right? To many midcentury demographers, futurists, and


science fiction writers, it certainly predicted one. Extending
the timeline, they saw a nightmarish future ahead for
humanity: human civilizations constantly on the brink of
starvation,

desperately

crowded

under

horrendous

conditions, draconian population control laws imposed
worldwide.
Stanford biologist Paul Ehrlich wrote in his best-selling
1968 book The Population Bomb, “In the 1970’s, hundreds
of millions of people will starve to death” because of
overpopulation. (Later editions modified the sentence to
read “In the 1980’s.”)
None of that ever came to pass.

The world we live in now, despite approaching a population
of nearly 8 billion, looks almost nothing like the one
doomsayers were anticipating. Starting in the 19th century
in Britain and reaching most of the world by the end of the
20th century, birth rates plummeted — mostly because of
women’s education and access to contraception, not
draconian population laws.
Retrieved from:
/>fbclid=IwAR134fNslrT26m2s5y2OPnSa3YwcAeDt6dWXhgsYLi0DYjVo1JV
A5h0GoaA
Author: Kelsey Piper


Date published: Aug 20, 2019
1.2. Vocabulary note reading text 1
Vocabulary

Pronunciation

Revolution

/ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən/

Apocalypse

/əˈpɒk.ə.lɪps/

Meaning

Sentence

A very important

Penicillin produced

change in the way

a revolution in

that people do things

medicine

A very serious event

The book offers a

resulting in great

vision of the future

destruction and

in which there is a

change

great nuclear
apocalypse

Nightmarish

/ˈnaɪt.meə.rɪʃ/

Extremely unpleasant

He felt

and very upsetting or

overwhelmed by

frightening

the nightmarish
scenario he faced

Horrendous

/həˈren.dəs/

Extremely unpleasant

Conditions in the

or bad

refugee camps
were horrendous

Plummet

/ˈplʌm.ɪt/

To fall very quickly

House prices are

and suddenly

plummeted in
recent months

Contraceptio

/ˌkɒn.trə

Any of various

They offer

n

ˈsep.ʃən/

methods intended to

impartial advice on

prevent a woman

contraception

becoming pregnant
Draconian

/drəˈkəʊ.ni.ən/

Extremely severe (of

The government

a rule, law or

proposed draconian


punishment)

cuts in state aid to
education.

1.3. Outline reading text 1
 Main idea: Worry about population explosion
 Supporting ideas:
-

The world’s impressive population growth through historical time
+ Around the zero, estimated 190 million
+ 1000 years later, 250 million

+ In 1800, 1 billion
+ In 1960, 3 billion
+ In 1975, 4 billion

-

Predictions about a nightmarish future ahead for humanity because of
overpopulation
+ Starvation
+ Overpopulation under horrendous conditions

-

The demographic situation has decreased thanks to the appropriate
measures
+ Women’s education
+ Access to contraception
1.4. Summarize reading text 1:


Throughout the period of human history, the Earth's population had reached
nearly 250 million from the zero years to thousand years later, and this number
was currently on track to increase. The continued rise in the world’s population
seemed to be the greatest problem faced by humanity at that time because it led
to many negative consequences such as starvation and congestion. According to
Paul Ehrlich - a Stanford biologist, ” In the 1970s, hundreds of millions of people
will starve to death”. But during the 19th century and most of the late 20th
century, the world’s birth rate declined due to better education and access to
contraception that women had received.
1.5. List of paraphrasing text 1

-

Around the year zero, Earth’s estimated population was 190 million. Up to
now, the world we live in has approached a population of nearly 8 billion.
(Piper, 2019).

Reference: Piper (2019, Aug 20). We’ve worried about overpopulation for
centuries.

And

we’ve

always

been

wrong.

Retrieved

from

/>fbclid=IwAR134fNslrT26m2s5y2OPnSa3YwcAeDt6dWXhgsYLi0DYjVo1JVA5
h0GoaA
2. Reading passage 2
2.1. Interact with reading passage 2

The Problem of Overpopulation: Proenvironmental
Concerns and Behavior Predict Reproductive Attitudes

The

increase

population
who reside in


Adam C. Davis, Steven Arnocky, and Mirella Stroink, May 30, overpopulated
2019
Human overpopulation continues to be a pressing problem for

citites

The

the health and viability of the environment, which impacts the environment
survival and well-being of human populations. Limiting the

and

human

life will face

number of offspring one produces or deciding to remain child- numerous
free may be viewed as a pro environmental behavior (PEB) that issues (thesis)
can significantly reduce one's carbon footprint. Nonetheless, few
researchers have examined the relations between environmental

concerns, reported PEB, and reproductive attitudes. The goal of
the current study was to examine the above relations in a
sample of 200 Canadian undergraduates. Environmental concern
as part of an ecologically conscious worldview (the New
Ecological Paradigm) was found to negatively predict proreproductive attitudes. In contrast, more self-oriented (egoistic)
and human-centric (altruistic) environmental concerns positively
predicted pro-reproductive attitudes. Additionally, self-reported
PEB was found to negatively predict pro-reproductive attitudes.
All of the above relations were found to be statistically significant
while controlling for the influence of age, sex, and religious
status. These findings add to a limited empirical literature on
environmental concerns, PEB, and attitudes toward reproducing,
which can help inform discussion regarding the environmental
issues associated with human overpopulation and potential ways


to mitigate these dilemmas.[…]
[…]Given the global surplus in food, the unsustainable and
inequitable patterns of consumption and distribution in many
wealthy nations, such as the United States, Canada, and
Australia, must change (Kopnina & Washington, 2016). It is also

The

global

integral to empower girls and women by ensuring their access to population
education and family planning services. Both of the above

will

increase

remarkably to

humane and noncoercive measures will produce a positive 8.5 billion, 9.7
and
benefit for the environment. This does not, however, preclude billion,
11.2 billion by
the influence of population size as something that magnifies the
2030, 2050,
impacts of consumption (Campbell, 2012; Peacock, 2018; Smail, and
2016). Indeed, Dietz and O'Neill (2013) have argued that “we

2100

respectively
(Connecting)

need smaller footprints, but we also need fewer feet” (p. 52).
The United Nations has recently predicted that the Earth's
population will increase to 8.5 billion by 2030, 9.7 billion by
2050, and 11.2 billion by 2100, with population densities being
highest in developing countries (United Nations, 2017). The
“developing world” continues to increase its consumption
(Washington, 2015), and it is unethical to deny members of
other cultures access to the rights and privileges afforded to
those in more developed contexts that may exacerbate current
environmental dilemmas. For these reasons, it is prudent to
examine the impact of reproductive decisions on the

environment and to consider the potential multitude of reasons Supporting


why individuals may decide to remain child-free, such as concern idea
for the environment (Arnocky et al., 2012).
Environmental impact produced by offspring among Western
nations
Across several Western countries, Wynes and Nicholas (2017)
categorized having one fewer child as a “high impact action” that
resulted in approximately 23,700–117,700 kg reduced carbon
dioxide (CO2) output per year. The next closest high impact act,
“living car free,” resulted in an estimated 1,000–5,300 kg
reduction in CO2 per year. Similarly, Murtaugh and Schlax (2009)
found in the United States that every child born was estimated
to contribute roughly 9,441 metric tons of CO2 to the “carbon
heritage” of their mothers. These results show how deciding not
to have offspring can significantly reduce one's carbon footprint.
Despite evidence showing that having fewer children has a larger
impact on the environment relative to other kinds of PEB, such
as recycling, buying energy-efficient products, and switching to a
plant-based diet (Murtaugh & Schlax, 2009; Wynes & Nicholas,
2017), few researchers have examined the relations between
environmental concerns, PEB, and fertility attitudes. This is
important as environmentalists, researchers, and policymakers
search for socially responsible ways of mitigating the issues
caused or exacerbated by human overpopulation.


Ecopsychology, Volume 11, No. 2, pages 92–100.
Doi: 10.1089/eco.2018.0068

Author(s): Adam C. Davis, Steven Arnocky, and Mirella Stroink
Publish date: May 30, 2019
Retrieved from: />fbclid=IwAR1jh9cU9tXxkm0JmIFskjQCNp8f0SxAavgAqyA4yTHalLGE045BcVIMZ8&
2.2. Vocabulary note reading text 2
Vocabulary

Pronunciation

Egoistic

/ˌiː.ɡəʊˈɪs.tɪk/

Meaning

Sentence

Considering yourself

By contrast, his

to be better or more

brother was vain,

important than other

selfish and egoistic

people
Altruistic

/ˈæl.tru.ɪ.zəm/

Showing a wish to

I doubt whether her

help pr bring

motives for donating

advantages to others,

the money are

even if it results in

altruistic – she’s

disadvantage for
yourself
Resilience

/rɪˈzɪliəns

probably looking for
publicity

The quality of being

The resilience of the

able to return quickly

economy has come as

to a previous good

a surprise to some

condition after
problems
Inequitable

/ɪˈnek.wɪ.tə.bəl/ Not fair

The current healthcare


system is inequitable
and unjust
Preclude

Unethical

/prɪˈkluːd/

/ˌʌnˈeθ.ɪ.kəl/

To prevent something

His contract precludes

or make it possible, or

him from discussing

prevent someone from

his work with anyone

doing something

outside the company

Not morally

It would be unethical

acceptable

to carry out such
experiments on
animals

Exacerbate

/ɪɡˈzæs.ə.beɪt/

To make something

This attack will

that is already bad

exacerbate the already

even worse

tense relations
between the two
communities

Prudent

/ˈpruː.dənt/

Careful and avoiding

It’s always prudent to

risks

read a contract
carefully before
signing it.

2.3. Outline of reading text 2
 Main idea: Human overpopulation has impact on both environment
and human life

 Supporting ideas:
-

People worldwide are increasingly considering how to decline
environmentally destructive behaviors.


+ Pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs)
+ Impacts of global environmental issues
 The depletion of natural resources
 The hindering resilience of the ecosystems
+ Predictions about the Earth's population
 The significantly increasing trend
 Highest densities in developing countries
-

Real actions to reduce the consequences.

+ “Living car free” action => reduce carbon dioxide
+ Not having child => reduce carbon footprint
2.4. Summarize reading text 2
Human overpopulation continues to be a pressing problem for both human health
and environment. Pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) can help inform
discussion regarding the environmental issues associated with human
overpopulation and potential ways to mitigate these consequences. Population
explosion has negative impacts on environmental issues such as the depletion of
natural resources and the hindering resilience of the ecosystems. The United
Nations has recently predicted the Earth's population in 2030, 2050 and 2100.
For these reasons, it is prudent to examine the impact of reproductive decisions
on the environment. Besides, there are environmental impacts produced by

offspring among Western nations, especially the reduction of carbon dioxide
(CO2). This is important as environmentalists, researchers, and policymakers


search for socially responsible ways to balance the problems which human
overpopulation causes nowadays.
2.5. List of paraphrasing text 2
-

According to the prediction of the United Nations (2017) that the global
population will increase remarkably to 8.5 billion, 9.7 billion, and 11.2
billion by 2030, 2050, and 2100 respectively. (United Nations, 2017)

-

With the increasing tendency, the environment and human life will face
numerous issues caused by residing in overpopulated cities. (Davis,
Arnocky, and Stroink, 2019).

-

The government can launch a “living car-free” campaign that is regarded
as “the closest high impact action, resulted in an estimated 1,000 - 5,300
kg reduction in CO2 per year”. (Davis, Arnocky, and Stroink, 2019)

Reference:

Davis, Arnocky,

and

Stroink

(2019).

The Problem of

Overpopulation: Proenvironmental Concerns and Behavior Predict
Reproductive Attitudes. Ecopsychology, Volume 11, No. 2, pages 92–100. doi:
10.1089/eco.2018.0068
3. Reading passage 3
3.1. Interact with reading passage 3


4 Effects of Overpopulation and Their
Possible Solutions
Kenneth C Agudo, May 6, 2018
1. Overpopulation Could Lead to a Food
Shortage

Bursting

population

While the population has been rising as a result of causes a shortage of
increased food production, this production has food (Topic sentence)
limits. More mouths need to be fed. Without an
increase in food production that matches the rising
population, deprivation and hunger will be on the
rise and each individual will have access to smaller

quantities of food. This could cause war and the
collapse of many developing nations.
What Does a Lack of Food Production Lead to?


Starvation: Due to a shortage of food, more

people will be hungry, especially those who are
unfortunate in life.


Possible war: Starvation could lead to

corruption and potential violence due to rising
tensions caused by the need to survive.
Possible Solutions:


Feeding programs: Most of the people who

suffer from hunger are those who can’t afford their
basic amenities. The government and other private


sectors have been taking precautionary measures to
slow this depreciation of resources.


Charity

programs,

works:

some

Aside

from

kindhearted

feeding

people

and

organizations are making movements to help the
Solutions

lives of impoverished people. However, charity
without education is not a long term solution.


Government support: helping farmers with

irrigation and production of crops and livestock
will increase food production. This could terminate
food shortage, but will likely cause more

environmental damage to the atmosphere
2. Overpopulation Could Lead to Higher Levels
of Pollution

particulate matters (substances) to the air, water and
soil, which yield harm to man’s health and cause
harmful effects to other life forms.
of

overpopulation,

more

waste

is

generated each day. Below are some of the causes
of these different types of pollution:
What Kinds of Waste Will Be Dangerous in the
Future?


face

environmental

Pollution's Definition: Pollution is the addition of

Because

People

Improper dumping: Dumping of sewage

especially

issues,
pollution

(Topic sentence)


and garbage in lakes, rivers, and other bodies of
water can cause water pollution. This harms aquatic
life. Some of this pollution is caused by oil spills
and

toxic

materials

leading

to

biological

magnification”(the increase in the concentration of
harmful substances to toxic levels as it moves

higher in the food chain).


Non-biodegradable products: Industries

manufacture

products

which

are

non-

biodegradable. These products last for years, or
even a lifetime. These products include: detergents,
plastics and other synthetic products.


Vehicles/industrial emission: These release

chemicals into the air, which eventually cause air
pollution. Air pollution is widely caused by

Emittance
pollutants

vehicular emissions, which might cause respiratory transportation
problems. Industry is one of the major causes of

carbon dioxide emissions, which leads to climate
change.
Possible Solutions:


Proper waste disposal: Obviously, we must

dispose of garbage properly. This will reduce air,
water, and soil pollution.


Use biodiesel and eco-friendly gasoline:

of

air
from


We cannot stop the emission of chemicals into the
air; however, we can lessen it. By using renewable
energy sources, we can lessen the emission of
carbon dioxide and other chemicals into the air. For
example, using biodiesel can lessen the smoke Individuals can minize
the

belching from vehicles.

emission

burping

from transports by using
biodiesel.

(Supporting

idea)
Retrieved from:
/>fbclid=IwAR3L56xvoFfqRyETBVTn8_Jt3DFmOTGZSbAiKQ2Iq7sTFjX2A6
tGvmUA3Jc
Author: Kenneth C Agudo
Date published: May 6, 2018
3.2. Vocabulary note reading text 3
Vocabulary

Pronunciation

Deprivation

/ˌdep.rɪˈveɪ.ʃən/

Meaning

Sentence

An absence or too

There were food

little of something

shortages and

important

other deprivations
during the war

Corruption

/kəˈrʌp.ʃən/

Illegal, bad, or

The investigation

dishonest

releaved political

behaviour,

chicanery and

especially by

corruption at the

people in positions

highest levels

of power
Depreciation

/dɪˌpriː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/

The process of

The depreciation

losing value

of the dollar
affected the British
economy

Precautionary

/prɪˈkɔː.ʃən.ər.i/

Done or used to try

As a precautionary

and protect a

measure, she

person or thing

moved her money

from something

to another account

dangerous or
harmful
Terminate

/ˈtɜː.mɪ.neɪt/

To end or make

The takeover talks

something end

terminated without
agreement

Magnificatio

/ˌmæɡ.nɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ The process of

n

Magnification of

making something

the leaf allows us

look bigger than it

to see it in detail

is
Belch

/beltʃ/

To produce a large

The exhaust pipe

amount of a

belched out dense

substance such as

black smoke

gas or smoke,
especially when
this is unpleasant or

harmful or to be
produced like this


3.3. Outline of reading text 3
 Main idea: Effects of overpopulation and possible solutions
 Supporting ideas:
-

Population explosion results in food shortage:
+ Impacts: Starvation, possible war
+ Solutions: Feeding programs, charity works, government support

-

Overpopulation leads to pollution
+ Causes: Improper dumping, non-biodegradable products, vehicles or
industrial emission
+ Solutions: Proper waster disposal, use bio-diesel and eco-friendly
gasoline
3.4. Summarize reading text 3

Nowadays, the population in the world has an inclination to augment
tremendously, which poses plenty of perturbing outcomes to food sources and
environmental domains. First, there is a risk of increased hunger in densely
populated areas due to limited food production. This incident not only leads to
degradation and starvation, but also to wars and destruction in many developing
countries due to the growing stress of the need to survive. The government and
other private sectors are taking precautionary measures to slow overpopulation
impact by holding feeding programs, organizing charity works and helping the

farmer in raising production to alleviate food shortage. Another detrimental effect
of this trend is that overpopulation can lead to high levels of pollution. The


substances are added to the air, water and soil and cause harmful effects to other
life forms. There are 3 main causes that have polluted the environment. Toxic
releasing and improper dumping can cause water pollution and damage to aquatic
organisms. Non-biodegradable products last for years and result in soil erosion.
Emissions from industries and vehicles cause air pollution, contribute to the
higher number of respiratory problems and climate change. We must dispose of
garbage properly and use biodiesel and environmentally-friendly petrol to lessen
the effect of pollution on our life.
3.5. List of paraphrasing text 3
-

Individuals can minize the emission burping from transports by using
biodiesel. (Agudo, 2018)

-

The lives of impoverished people are assisted thanks to movements of
some philanthropists and organizations aside from feeding programs.
(Agudo, 2018)

Reference: Agudo (2018, May 6). 4 Effects of Overpopulation and Their
Possible

Solutions.

Retrieved

from

/>
sciences/Human-Overpopulation-Its-Causes-Effects-and-Solutions?
fbclid=IwAR3L56xvoFfqRyETBVTn8_Jt3DFmOTGZSbAiKQ2Iq7sTFjX2A6tG
vmUA3Jc
4. Reading passage 4
4.1. Interact with reading passage 4

Human Overpopulation:Impact on Environment
Environmental Issues Surrounding Human


Overpopulation
Shivani Uniyal, Rashmi Paliwal, Bhumija Kaphaliya Saun,
and R. K. Sharma, January, 2017
Climate Change
Recent reports on climate change indicated more
frequency and catastrophe in the weather extremes,
leading to costly damage of infrastructure and loss of
human life (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,
2007). Increased use of fossil fuels since the mid-19th Fossil fuels used
widely since the
century in overpopulated regions around the globe caused
mid-19 century
release of over 1100Gt CO2 into the atmosphere (IPCC, in overcrowded
accelerated areas led to over
1100Gt
CO2

agricultural practices, leading to enhanced emission of
discharged into
2001).

Furthermore,

overpopulation

greenhouse gases. For example, methane is produced the
from rice agriculture practices and livestock. For emission
of greenhouse gases, agriculture sources in 2014
accounted for 24% of 2010 global emission (IPCC, 2014).
Population reduction in high-income countries might act as
a possible solution. Any reduction in population growth in
high-income countries, even starting from zero or negative
rates, will have much more impact on reducing climate
change than the same size reduction in low-income
countries, because of the much higher per capita

(Supporting
idea)

air


consumption and emission of greenhouse gases in the
high-income countries (Rosnick, 2014). In addition, switch
to alternative energy options (solar energy, tidal energy,
wind energy etc) and improved agricultural practices could
help in combating the problem of climate change resulting

from increased population.
Environmental Issues Surrounding Human Overpopulation
Doi: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1683-5.ch001
Author(s): Shivani Uniyal, Rashmi Paliwal, Bhumija Kaphaliya Saun, and R. K.
Sharma.
Publish date: January, 2017
Retrieved

from:

/>on
4.2. Vocabulary note reading text 4
Vocabulary Pronunciation
Accelerate

/əkˈsel.ə.reɪt/

Meaning

Sentence

To happen or make

Inflation is likely to

something happen

accelerate this year,

sooner or faster

adding further
upward pressure on
interest rates

Methane

Combat

/ˈmiː.θeɪn/

/ˈkɒm.bæt/

A gas with no smell or

Methane is the main

colour, often used as a

constituent of

fuel

natural gas

To try to stop

The government is

something unpleasant

spending millions of

or harmful from

dollars in its attempt

happening or increasing

to combat drug and
abuse

4.3. Outline of reading text 4
 Main idea: Human overpopulation have negative influence on climate
change
 Supporting ideas:
-

Contribution of human in raising the severity of climate change
+ Emission of air pollutants like fossil fuels
+ Waste from human’s production activities
 Leading to the increase of greenhouse gases

-

Solutions to combat the problem of climate change resulting from

increased population.
+ Control population

+ Switch to alternative energy options
+ Improve agricultural practices
4.4. Summarize reading text 4
According to a recent report, climate change occurs most frequently and has
catastrophic effects on infrastructure and human life. Global population has
contributed greatly to global greenhouse gas emissions and has had a major


impact on climate since the use of more fossil fuels and increased agricultural
practices. Population reduction in high-income countries, changes in alternative
energy sources, and improvements in agricultural practices might act as a
possible solution to help us address the problem of climate change as a result of
an increasing in human explosion.
4.5. List of paraphrasing text 4
-

As IPCC (2001) pointed out, fossil fuels used widely since the mid-19th
century in overcrowded areas led to over 1100Gt CO2 discharged into the
air.

Reference: Uniyal, Paliwal, Saun, and Sharma, (2017). Human Overpopulation:
Impact on Environment. Environmental Issues Surrounding Human
Overpopulation. doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-1683-5.ch001. Retrieved from
/>5. Reading passage 5
5.1. Interact with reading passage 5

Hanoi air pollution rises to unhealthy highs
Phan Anh, Gia Chinh, and Vo Hai, September 18, 2019

Example

Air quality in Hanoi has deteriorated over the last three
days and is unlikely to get better in the coming days, experts
AQI
say.
The capital's Air Quality Index (AQI) was recorded at 136
on Tuesday evening by 11 air monitoring stations

tends

increase
significantly

to