Tài liệu NGŨ PHÁP CĂN BẢN

REVIEW
1.The simple present tense (Thì hiện tại đơn): Dùng để diễn tả:
- Một thói quen, hành động thường xảy ra ở hiện tại
- một chân lí hay một sự thật hiển nhiên.
a/ Cách chia:
(+) S + V(-s/es) + ….. ex: My father gets up at five every morning.
(-) S + do/ does + not + V
0
+ ….. I don’t like fish.
(?) (Wh_) + Do/ Does + S + V
0
+ ..… ? Does he have lunch at 11a.m.?
* Note: - I/ We/ You/ They + V
0
/ do(not) - He/ She/ It + V
s/es
/ does(not)
- I/ We/ You/ They : have – He/ She/ It : has
b/ V_s/es :
- V tận cùng = o, s, ch, x, z, sh (ông sao sáng chiếu xuống zòng shông)
Ex: do – does, watch – watches, fix – fixes
- V tận cùng = phụ âm + y : bỏ y ,+ ies
Ex: try – tries, carry – carries, study - studies
- V tận cùng = 1 nguyên âm + y: +s
Ex:obey – obeys, play – plays
c/ Cách đọc âm S,ES: Có 3 cách:
- /S/ khi S đứng sau: K, T, P, F ( kiến thở pì fò )
Ex: looks, stops
- /IZ/ khi S/ES đứng sau: S, X, Z, CH, SH, CE, GE,SE......
Ex: watches, arranges
- /Z/ những trường hợp còn lại

Ex: runs, smiles
d/ Key words: every, always, usually, often , sometimes………
1’. Thì hiện tại đơn của To BE
+ S + BE + ……………….. ex: I am a student.
- S + BE + not + ………….. He isn’t good at English
? ( Wh_) + BE + S + ……… Where are they now ?
Note: I am(not) – He/ She/It: is(not) – We/ You/ They: are(not)
EXERCISES:
II. Use the present simple of the verbs in brackets
1. The sun(rise) ………………………. in the east
2. Water (boil) …………………………… at 100 degrees Celcius
3. Silver (be) …………………..cheaper than gold
4. Spiders (have) ………………………………. six legs
5. The River Amazon (flow) ……………………………… into the Atlantic Ocean
6. She (have) ……………………………..long hair
7. Jet engines (make) …………………………….a lot of noise.
8. I (not live)……………………. in Ha Noi, I ( live )………………………… in Ho Chi Minh
9. The sea ( cover) …………………………two- thirds of the world.
10. She usually ( read)…………………………. books before going to bed.
11. Loud music ( give)………………….. me a headache.
12. We ( not come ) ………………………..from Canada. We (come) ……………………….from
USA.
13. Mr Long (work)………………… from Monday to Friday, he (not work )….. ………….at
weekends.
14. They ( go )…………………….. to work six days a week.
2, The simple past tense(Thì quá khứ): dùng để diễn tả
- Một thói quen ở quá khứ
- Hành động hoàn tất vào một thời điểm xác định ở quá khứ
a/ cách chia:
(+) S + V

-ed
/ V
2
+ O Last year, my family went to Nghe An
(-) S + didn’t + V
0
+ O He didn’t go to school yesterday
(?) (wh_) + did + S + V
0
+ O? When did they leave?
b/ V_ed (những động từ có qui tắc)
- V 1 vần, có 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm : gấp đôi phụ âm +ed
Ex: stop – stopped
- V 2 vần, nhấn âm 2, tận cùng = 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm : gấp đôi phụ âm +ed
Ex: admit – admitted, transmit - transmitted
- V tận cùng = phụ âm + y : bỏ y ,+ ied
Ex: try – tried, carry – carried
- V tận cùng = 1 nguyên âm + y: +ed
Ex:obey – obeyed, play – played
c/ cách phát âm ED
/id/ khi ed đứng sau t, d
Ex: awarded, invented
/t/ khi ed dứng sau ch , x, gh, c, f, k, p, s, sh, (chàng xuống ghềnh có fà không phải sợ sông shâu)
Ex: looked, washed,changed
/d/ những trường hợp còn lại
Ex: received, covered
d/ Key words : last, yesterday, ago; ,once, once upon a time (ngày xưa), when + S + V
(simple past)
…
2’. Thì quá khứ đơn của To BE

+ S + was/ were + ……………….. ex: I was tired this morning.
- S + was/ were + not + ………….. He wasn’t good at English last year.
? (Wh_) + was/ were + S + ……… Where were they yesterday ?
Note: I/He/ She/It: was – We/ You/ They: were
II.Use the past simple of the verbs in brackets
1. Lan (get) ………………………………..a letter from Lien last week.
2. Mai and Long (go)…………………………….. to Ha noi with their parents yesterday.
3. I (meet) ………………….Nam last week and he ( introduce) ……………………….his friends
to me.
4. They( live ) ……………………………there 5 years ago.
5. We (speak)………………………………… English badly last year.
6. Her mother (leave) ………………………………… this city two years ago
7. I’m sorry. I (not see)………………………………………….. you yesterday
8. She (receive)………………………………… a letter from her old friend last night.
9. They (award)……………………………… him a medal for bravery last year.
10. Mr. Brown used to play football when he (be)………………………………. young.
11. ……………………… you (go) ……………………………out last night?
12. A. G. Bell (invent)……………………………..the telephone.
13. Last night I (watch)…………………………..........the movie Romeo and Juliet.
14. He (be)……………very surprised when he (look)…………….. at himself in the mirror
yesterday.
15. We(have)……………………… a great time in England together last year.
16. We are very sad because our dog (die)………………………. last night.
17. We really (enjoy)………………………ourselves last Sunday.
18. We (be)………………………. late for school because of the heavy rain last Monday.
19. They (buy) …………………………….a new car yesterday.
3 . BE GOING TO + V
0
: (sẽ) diễn tả dự định trong tương lai
+ S + BE going to + V

0
….. I’m going to do my homework tonight.
- S + BE + not + going to + V
0
… He isn’t going to buy that house.
? (WH_) + BE + S + going to + V
0
…? What are you going to do next Sunday?
a/ Note: I: am ; He/ She/ It: is ; We/ You/ They: are
b/ Key words: tomorrow, next, tonight……………..
EXERCISES :
I. Use the verbs in brackets with “be going to”
1. I (travel)………………………………….. ………………………..to Hanoi by plane.
2. We (not go)…………………………………………………….. shopping next Sunday.
3. He ( play)…………………………………………… …………table tennis this evening.
4. Our friends ( meet)……………………………………………….. us at the airport tonight.
5. She ( do)……………………………………………………………. homework tonight.
6. Hoa love children. She (be)………………………………….. a teacher.
7. What ………………….you………………………(do) next weekend ?
8. Nam and Ba( visit)………………………………………….. their grandmother tomorrow.
II. Use given words, write the following sentences( to be going to+ v)
1. He intends to pay for the damage. He is..............................................................................
2. She has announced her intention to retire. She is …………………………………………
3. I have no intention of going to her birthday party. I’m not……………………………….
4. It is intended that production will start at the end of the month.
Production is …………………………………………………………………………….
5. Lan/visit her classmates/thisSunday………………………………………………………
6. My parents/buy a color TV/next week…………………………………………………..
7. Linh and I/go to see a movie/tomorrow……………………………………….............
8. They/build /a new house/next year…………………………………...............................

9. His children/play marbles/ this afternoon……………………………………………….
4/ Enough + to-infinitive : (đủ … để có thể)
S + V + Adj./Adv. + enough + to V He is tall enough to play basketball.
S + V + enough + N + to V I have enough money to buy a new bicycle.
*Note: too…………to V (quá………không thể)
S + V +too + Adj./Adv. + to V He spoke too quickly (for me) to understand.
EXERCISES: Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence, using (not) adj +
enough + to inf.
1. Mary is just 6 years old. She can’t go to school alone.- Mary isn’t……………………
2. My sister is old. She can drive a car.- My sister is ……………………………………
3. This coat isn’t warm. I don’t wear it in winter-This coat isn’t………………………
4. Mr. Robinson isn’t rich. He can’t buy a house- Mr. Robinson isn’t …………………
5. The tea isn’t strong. It won’t keep us awake-The tea isn’t ……………………………
6. The worker is clever. He can make fine things from wood.
- The worker is ……………………………………………………………………….
7. The weather was fine. We could go camping- The weather was ……………………
8. The little boy is not strong. He can’t lift the suitcase- The little boy isn’t ………………
9. Do the test carefully! We have plenty of time. – We have ………………………….
10. Do you want to pass your exams? Work hard enough!
- You have to work.......................................................................................................
11. He spoke slowly. Everyone could understand- He spoke …………………………
12. We have experience. We can do the job- We have ………………………………
13. The movie is very interesting and we want to see it again.
-The movie is ……………………………………………………………………..
14. The food was delicious, so I ate a lot.-The food was ………………..………………
15. Are you tall? Can you reach that picture?-Are you tall…………………………?
16. Bao is too young to drive to school.-Bao isn’t……………………………………
17. The mountain is very high and we can’t climb it.-The mountain isn’t……………
18. Nam couldn’t lift the box because he was weak.-Nam wasn’t……………………
5/ Reflexive pronouns: Đại từ phản thân dùng để nhấn mạnh, diễn tả ý tự mình làm cho mình

- Được dùng như túc từ của một động từ (ex: I cut myself)
- Được dùng sau một động từ + giới từ (ex: He spoke to himself)
- Được dùng dể nhấn mạnh danh từ hay đại từ (ex: Ann herself opened the door)
Personal pronouns Reflexive pronouns
I myself
You yourself
He himself
She herself
It itself
We ourselves
You yourselves
They themselves
EXERCISES: Fill the following words in the blanks: myself,ourselves,youself,yourselves,
herself,himself,themselves, itself.
1. We protect....................... from the rain with an umbrella.
2. Both boys taught........ ………to swim.
3. You will cut......................... with that knife if you are not careful.
4. She likes to look at....... ………………….in the mirror.
5. The boy is not old enough to get dressed.............................
6. The dog hurt .......................... when it jumped over the fence.
7. John and I enjoyed ......... ………………very much at the party last night.
8. I must learn to control..............................
9. Did you do your tests...........................? Yes, we did.
10. My sister often looks at …………………………….. in the mirror.
11. Mark made ………………………………. a sandwich.
12. This refrigerator defrosts ………………………………
13. Hoa and I …………………………………. saw that accident yesterday.
14. Did you pay for ……………………………………?
15. The children can look after ……………………………….. for a few days.
16. Please help me. I can’t do it …………………………………….. .

17. Look! There's a little bird washing …………………………………. in the river
18. You mustn't blame ……………………………… It wasn't your fault.
19. They did it …………………………….. without any help.
20.OK team. You've -won the match. Now it's time to enjoy ……………………
21. Let's introduce ……………………………… to those girls over there.
22. Mary's brother is going crazy. He's always shouting at ………………………
23. Please take care of ………………………………
24. You and Max should be able to do all of the work by…………………………
25. My new oven automatically cleans ……………………………
26. It was Mary ……………….. who met him in the park.
27. No one helped Thanh to repair his bike.-Thanh……………………………(himself).
6/ Modals: must/ have to/ought to/should + V
0
*Must, have to: (phải) chỉ sự cần thiết, bắt buộc làm điều gì.Trong một vài ngữ cảnh “must” và “have
to” có nghĩa khác nhau:
- must : người nói đưa ra quyết định.
Ex: Mother: You must wipe your feet when you come in..
- have to : người khác đưa ra quyết định.
Ex: Small boy: I have to wipe my feet every time I come in.
Thì Thể + - ?
Tương
lai
must S + must + V
0
S+mustn’t +V
0
Must + S +V
0
...?
have to S+shall/will+have to+V

0
S+shan’t/won’t+have to+V
0
shall/will+S+ have to+

V
0
..?
Hiện
tại
must S + must + V
0
S+mustn’t +V
0
Must + S +V
0
...?
have to S +have to+V
0
S+don’t/doesn’t+have to+V
0
Do/ Does+S +have to+V
0
..?
Quá
khứ
had to S +had to+V
0
S +didn’t+have to+V
0

Did+S +have to+V
0
…?
*Ought to/ should: (nên, phải nên) dùng để nói điều đúng, điều tốt nhất cần làm.(các hình thức giống
nhau có thể được dùng ở tương lai, hiện tại và ở quá khứ khi trước nó là 1 động từ ở thì quá khứ.)
+ S + ought to/ should +V
0
I ought to write to him today/tomorrow
-- S + oughtn’t to/ shouldn’t +V
0
She said I oughtn’t make a noise
? ought + S + to V…? – should+S+V
0
? Should they go home early ?
EXERCISES: Rewrite the sentences
1. It isn’t necessary for you to water that tree everyday.
- You don’t……………………………………………………………………….
2. He stays up too late and he is always tired in the morning.
- He should……………………………………early.
3. It’s better for us to save water. -> We should ……………………………………
4. Don’t stay up late every night. -> You shouldn’t …………………………………
5. Don’t tell lies in any case. -> You mustn’t ………………………………………
6. Don’t talk in class! -> You should………………………………………………
7. Is it necessary for me to clean the table?-.Do I......................................................
8. You aren’t allowed to make noise here.-You mustn’t …………………………..
9. It’s better for you to review what you have learned.
- You should ……………………………………………………………………….
10. I advise you to keep your house clean and tidy.-You ought ………………………