Tài liệu Oxford Collocations Dictionary for students of English_ Chương 2.16 doc

Nn
nail
noun
1on the fingers/toes
• ADJ
long
I
short
I
sharp
I
healthy, strong
I
brittle
I
broken
I
manicured, well-kept
I
painted, polished
(Seealso fingernail and toenail.)
• VERB
+
NAIL
bite, chew
I
do, manicure
Do your
nails after your bath as they will be softer.
I scrub I clip,
cut, trim

I
file
I
paint, polish, varnish I dig
He screamed
as she dug her nails into his shoulders.
• NAIL
+
VERB
break, split I bite/dig into sth
• NAIL
+
NOUN
brush
I
clippers, scissors
I
file
I
pol-
ish, varnish
• PREP.
under your-
There was dirt under his nails.
2 piece of metal
• ADJ.
long
I
small
I

six-inch, etc.
I
loose
I
protrud-
ing
I
bent
I
rusty
I
brass, iron, etc.
I
masonry, uphol-
stery, wood
• VERB
+
NAIL
drive (in), hammer (in), knock (in)
I
pull out, remove
• NAIL
+
NOUN
head I hole I bomb
nail varnish
(also
nail polish)
noun
• ADJ.

chipped, cracked
• VERB + NAIL VARNISH
have on, wear
She wore red
nail varnish.
I
apply, put on
I
remove, take off
naive
adj.
• VERBS
appear, be, prove, seem, sound
I
regard sth
as
He regarded the move aspolitically naive.
• ADV.
extremely, incredibly, very
I
a bit, fairly, a little,
rather, slightly, somewhat
I
politically
naked
adj.
• VERBS
appear, be, feel, go around, lie, look, stand
Never had hefelt
so

completely naked.
0
He lay naked on
the bed.
I
strip
She quickly stripped naked.
I
strip sb
I
leave sb
She had been left naked and alone.
I find sb
• ADY. completely, entirely, quite, stark, totally
She
realized with a shock that she was stark naked.
I
almost,
nearly, virtually
I
half
I suggest you don't make a habit of
going around half naked.
name
noun
1word/words sb/sth is known by
• ADJ.
Christian, first, given
I
middle, second

I
family,
last (see also surname) I married I maiden I full
His
full name was William Augustus Grove.
I proper, real
I
pet
She insisted on being called by her full name
'Clementia' rather than the pet name 'Clemmey'.
(see also
nickname)
I
assumed, false
I
official I joint
The ac-
count is in
joint
names.
I common
'Smith' is a very com-
mon family name.
I double-barrelled, hyphenated
I
strange-sounding
I
personal
The village of Low Catton
takes its name from the Old English personal name

'Catta'.
I pen-, professional, stage
George Eliot was a
pen-name; her real name was Mary Ann Evans.
(see also
pseudonym)
I
brand, proprietary, trade
I
company
I
code I file I place, street
• VERB + NAME
have
Have you got a middle name?
I
bear, carry
The
Juliati
calendar was introduced by Julius
Caesar and hence carries his name.
I be known by, go by
The island is more commonly known by the name
'Krakatoa', oHegoes by the name of Jonno.
I
use
She uses
a different name in her professional life.
I acquire, get,
obtain

The Brtuiy bill acquired its name from its best-
known sponsor, James Brady.
I adopt, assume, take
He
was electedPope in
1978
and took the name of JohnPaulIl
I
keep
She decided to keep her maiden name for profes-
sional purposes.
I
abandon
I
change
I
carry on
He
wanted an heir to carry on the family name.
I
immortalize
His name was immortalized in
1992
when he
scored three goals in the space of five minutes.
I choose,
decide on/upon
I
give sb/sth
She was given the name

Maria, after her grandmother.
I
give sb, name, pass on
Detectives believe that a hitman was sent tosilence the wit-
ness before he could name names
(=
give evidence to the
court/police). I call sb/sth by
Please call me by my first
name.
I
call sb -s
Stop calling me names
(=
stop saying
rude/Insulting
things about me)! I call (out)
Somebody
called out her name from below.
I mention
We cannot
mention the suspect's name for legal reasons.
I drop
She
found him rather irritating to talk to;all he did was drop
names
(=
mention the names of famous people he knew
or had met in order to impress her). I invoke
He invoked

the name of Freud in support of his argument.
I ask (sb)
I
asked him his name.
I
hear
Tve heard that name men-
tioned before.
I
know
How do you know my name?
I
re-
member
I
print, sign, write
I
spell I enter, put down
Have you put your name down for
(=
applied to take part
in)
the school quiz?
I
put forward
They put his name for-
ward
(=
chose him)
as one of the five candidates for the

post.
• NAME + VERB
appear
The name of the artist appears
on the vase.
I imply sth, suggest sth
As the name implies,
Oxford was the place at which oxen could ford the river.
I
mean sth
I
ring a bell
(figurative) 'Does that name mean
anything toyou
(=
do you recognize it)?'
'Yes,it does ring a
bell
(=
it is familiar).'
• NAME
+
NOUN
badge, plate
• PREP. by - The head teacher knows every child in the
school by name.
by the - of
an actor by the name of Tom
Rees
in sb/sth's -

The tickets were booked in the name of
McLean.
<>
I arrest you in the name
(=
on the authority)
of
the law.
under a/the -
The room was booked under
(=
using)
afalse name.
I -for/of
The common name for the
flower is 'pineapple lily'.
• PHRASES
a change of name, give your name to sth
The invading Franks gave their name to the country in
which they settled.
name and address, names and faces
I
have a bad memory for names and faces.
put a name to
sb/sth
Nobody puts their name to a business
(=
uses their
name for the name of a business)
they are not proud oj

take sb's name in vain
Have you been taking my name in
vain
(=
showing lack of respect when using my name)?
2 reputation
• ADJ.
big I good I bad
• VERB
+
NAME
have
I
become
She has become a big
name in documentary photography.
I make
He made his
name writing travel books.
<>
She's made quite a name for
herself.
I acquire, get
The area got a bad name after a ser-
ies of nasty murders.
I protect
They tried to protect the
good name of the college.
I
give sb

This kind of behaviour
gives students a bad name.
I blacken, damage
The riots
after the match only served to blacken the name offootball.
• PREP.
-for
The company has a namefor reliability.
'. PHRASES
sb's name is mud
If you tell our secret your
name will bemud
(=
you will not be popular)
round here.
3famous person/thing
• ADJ. big, famous, household, well-known
They are a
big name in the world of rock music.
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name
verb
(often be named)
• ADV
originally
I
appropriately, aptly, suitably, well
I
significantly
I

correctly, incorrectly
The present Kew
Bridge was opened by King Edward VII and is correctly
named 'King Edward Bridge'.
I
curiously, delightfully,
exotically, grandly, improbably, oddly, quaintly, roman-
tically, strangely, wonderfully
the curiously named Egg
Castle
I
confusingly
I
euphemistically
I
ironically
• PREP.
after
Inamed my son after myfathen iortliteraryv
the dead sister for whom she had been named
in honour of
sb/sth
The hospital was named in honour of its principal
benefactor
nanny
noun
• ADJ.
live-in
I
qualified, trained

• PREP. -
to
She was taken on as a nanny to their two
small children.
c>Note at roa
nap
noun
• ADJ.
brief, little, quick, short
I
afternoon, morning
I
cat (also catnap)
If you have difficulty sleeping at night,
avoid taking catnaps during the day.
I
power
A ten-
minute power nap can boostyour productivity.
• VERB
+
NAP
have, take
I had a short nap after lunch.
napkin
noun
• ADJ.
clean
I
folded

I
dinner
I
table
She dabbed her
mouth with her table napkin.
I
damask, linen, paper
• VERB
+
NAPKIN
fold
I
unfold
I
tuck
He tucked his
napkin under his chin.
I
dab sth with, wipe sth on/with
• NAPKIN
+
NOUN
ringnapkinringsmadeofsilver
nappy
noun
• ADJ.
clean
I
wet

I
dirty, soiled
I
disposable
I
wash-
able
I
cloth, terry
• VERB
+
NAPPY
have on, wear
I
change
I
put on
I
remove, take off
I
wash
I
dispose of
• NAPPY
+
NOUN
change, changing
I
liner
I

pin
I
rash
• PREP.
in-
Isn't he rather old to bestill in nappies?
c>Specialpage at
CLOTHES
narcotic
noun
• ADJ.
mild, powerful
• VERB
+
NARCOTIC
inject, use
I
trade in
He has been
arrested for trading in narcotics.
• NARCOTIC
+
NOUN
agent, officer, official, squad
cc:>
Note at
DRUG
(for more verbs and nouns)
narrative
noun

• ADJ.
popular I coherent I simple, straightforward I
complex, detailed
I
chronological, sequential
I
first-
person, second-person, third-person
The book is writ-
ten in the style offirst-person. narrative.
I
fictional, prose
I film I historical I biblical
• VERB
+
NARRATIVE
construct, create, develop, pro-
duce
It's difficult to construct a narrative out of a series of
fast-moving events.
I
interrupt
The author interrupts her
narrative to tell us that the ideafor the book had not been
well received.
• NARRATIVE
+
VERB
be based on sth
• NARRATIVE

+
NOUN
form, style, technique
I
frame-
work, structure
I
flow
interruptions to the narrative flow
I
content
I
passage, sequence, text
• PREP.
in a/the -
events in the narrative
narrow
verb
1of a road/river/gap/range
• ADV
considerably
I
a bit, a little, slightly
The river
narrows a little here.
I
sharply
The gap between the two
517
nation

parties narrowed sharply in the days before the election.
I
steadily
• PREP.
to By the final round the gap had narrowed to
three votes.
20f
eyes
• ADV.
fractionally, slightly
Though her eyes narrowed
fractionally, she made no comment.
I
suddenly
I
danger-
ously, shrewdly, speculatively, suspiciously, thought-
fully
The blue eyes narrowed
tnouglufuily.
• PREP.
against
Her eyes narrowed against the sun.
at
His eyes suddenly narrowed at the sight of her.
to
His eyes
narrowed to slits.
with
His eyes narrowed with suspicion.

narroWadj.
1 not wide
• VERBS
be, look, seem
I
become, get
• ADV.
extremely, very
I
a bit, fairly, quite, rather, rela-
tively
The pass gets quite narrow towards the east.
2 limited
• VERBS
be, seem
I
become
• ADV.
excessively, extremely, peculiarly, very
I
in-
creasingly
I
comparatively, fairly, quite, rather, rela-
tively, somewhat
• PREP.
in
people who are rather narrow in outlook
nastyadj.
• VERBS

be, look, smell, sound, taste
He made it all
sound very nasty.
I
become, get, turn
Things could turn
nasty
(=
dangerous)
if we're not careful.
• ADV
extremely, particularly, really, very
I
thorough-
ly
gang warfare of a thoroughly nasty kind
I
pretty,
quite, rather
• PREP.
about
She was nasty about everyone.
to
Kevin
seems to enjoy being nasty tohis sisters.
• PHRASES
cheap and nasty
a room full of cheap and
nasty ornaments
nasty little

a nasty little man
nation
noun
• ADJ.
large
I
little, small
I
major
I
great, leading,
powerful, strong
I
advanced, developed, industrial, in-
dustrialized
I
developing, emergent, emerging, less-
developed, Third World
I
affluent, prosperous, rich,
wealthy
the richest nation on earth
I
poor
I
civilized
I
backward I new I young I ancient, old I free, inde-
pendent, sovereign
I

democratic
I
capitalist
I
united
I
divided
I
entire, whole
The entire nation mourned her
death.
I
foreign
I
Western
the imperialist expansion of
Western nations in the 1880s
I
Arab, European, French,
etc. I maritime, oil-producing, trading I nuclear I
creditor, debtor
In 1950 the UK was the world's largest
debtor nation and the US the largest creditor.
I
host
France was host nation for the
1998
World Cup.
I
member

the member nations of the UN
• VERB
+
NATION
create
They wanted to create a new
nation.
I
unite
The fight against terrorism seemed to
unite the nation.
I
divide
I
govern, lead
I
shock
the sav-
age murder that shocked the nation
• NATION
+
NOUN
building
The biggest task of the gov-
ernment was to address national unity and nation build-
ing.
I
state
• PREP.
across a/the -

swings in public opinion across
the nation
among -
economic inequality among the na-
tions of the world
in/within a/the-
In the nation as a whole
there is no desire for war.
I -
of
They are a nation offood
lovers.
• PHRASES
the birth of a nation, the interests of a na-
tion, the life of a nation
They hoped that the exhibition
would enhance the cultural life of the nation.
the nation as
a whole, the nation at large
The new economic policies
were in the best interests of the nation at large.
the nations
of the world
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nationalism
nationalism
noun
• ADJ. aggressive, extreme, fierce, militant, revolution-
ary
I

popular
I
conservative, radical
I
secular
I
black
I
cultural, economic, political, racial
• PHRASES
the growth of nationalism, the resur-
gence/revival of nationalism, the rise in nationalism, a
tide of nationalism
a tide of militant nationalism
nationalist
noun
• ADJ.
ardent
I
extreme, hard-line, radical
I
militant
I
moderate
I
left-wing, liberal
I
conservative, right-wing
I
veteran

I
former
I
local
I
Basque, Irish, etc.
I
Afri-
can, black
• NATIONALIST
+
NOUN
leader I forces, troops I up-
rising
leading a nationalist uprising
nationalistic
adj.
• VERBS
be
I
become
I
remain
• ADV.
fiercely, intensely, strongly
I
increasingly
nationality
noun
• ADJ.

various
cultural differences among various na-
tionalities
I mixed
teams of mixed nationality
I dual
He
has dual British and South African nationality.
I
foreign
I minority I Argentinian, etc.
• VERB + NATIONALITY
have
I
acquire, adopt, as-
sume, obtain, take
She
is
hoping to adopt Australian
nationality.
I
inherit
I
retain
I
change I give up, re-
nounce
I
lose
I

grant sb
I
refuse sb
• NATIONALITY + VERB
be represented
About 30 na-
tionalities wererepresented at the tournament.
• PHRASES
on (the) grounds of nationality
He accused
them of discrimination on the grounds of nationality.
natural
adj.
1not made
by
people
• VERBS beAllthefibresarenatural.
• ADV.
completely
completely natural materials
2 usuallnormal
• VERBS
be, feel, look, seem, sound
• ADV.
only, perfectly, quite
It's only natural that she
should feel upset.
I fairly
nature
noun

1the physical world; plants, animals, etc.
• ADJ.
Mother
Mother Nature had served up some ter-
rible weatherfor their cruise.
• VERB + NATURE
commune with
He believed in spend-
ing half an hour each day to relax and commune with na-
ture.
I be/get back to
Webuilt our house in the country be-
cause we wanted to get back
(=
be close)
to nature.
I
be
found in
man-made substances notfound in nature
• NATURE + VERB
endow (sb with) sth
Nature had
endowed her with exceptional vitality.
I
produce sth
It's
unlikely that this gully was produced by nature.
• NATURE
+

NOUN
conservation I reserve I trail
• PREP.
close to -
people who live in the country and are
close tonature
in-
Weappreciate beauty in nature.
• PHRASES
the forces of nature, the laws of nature, a
love of nature
His love of nature was expressed through
his wildlife paintings.
2 qualities/features of sb/sth
• ADJ.
basic, essential, fundamental, intrinsic, real,
true
I
artificial
I
exact, precise, specific
I'tti
not clear
about the exact nature of their relationship.
I
general
I
selective
I
limited, restrictive

I
changing, seasonal,
temporary, transitory
I
uncertain, unpredictable
I
ar-
bitrary, random I subjective
the subjective nature of an
odour
I abstract I capricious, fickle I intractable I dis-
tinctive, unusual I radical I complex I special, spe-
518
cialist
I
traditional
I
controversial
I
contradictory
I
problematic
I
unsatisfactory
the unsatisfactory nature
of the meeting
I
good
People are always taking advan-
tage of her good nature

(= her kindness).
I
human
It's
only human nature to want more money.
I
divine
I
confi-
dential, personal, private
I
public
I
international, local
the international nature of the business
I
repetitive
I
routine
matters of a routine nature
I
detailed
Because of
the detailed nature of the work, I have to use a very fine
brush.
I
practical
I
physical, psychological, sexual
They define sexual harassment as unwanted conduct of a

sexual nature.
I
economic, legal, political, social
Their
problems are of an economic nature.
I
contemplative I
inquisitive
• VERB
+
NATURE
have
He has an inquisitive nature.
I
reveal
The parties would not reveal the exact nature of the
dispute.
I conceal
I
reflect
I
belie
The gentle lower
slopes belie the true nature of the mountain.
I be contrary
to, be/run against
It was against his nature to tell lies.
I
alter, change
This new information does not change the

nature of our findings.
I acknowledge, be aware of, rec-
ognizeAreyou aware of the nature of the risks involved?
I
define, specify
It
is
important to define the nature of the
problem.
I assess, consider, discuss, examine, ex-
plore, investigate I comprehend, realize, understand
I
misconceive
I
clarify, elucidate, explain, give/offer/
provide an insight into
His theory provides a remarkable
insight into the nature of the British constitution.
I
de-
scribe I determine I depend on
The method employed
will depend on the nature of the task.
I
appeal to
There
was nopoint appealing to her better nature
(=
kindness).
• PREP. by - He's not by nature an inquisitive person.

concerning the -
a debate concerning the nature of vio-
lence
considering/given the -
Given the nature of this
matter, I am inclined to think it should be managed by you
personally.
in-
Their strategy was essentially political in
nature.
in sb/sth's-
It's not in his nature to complain. oA
certain element of risk is in the nature of thejob.
of a ... -
The legal concept of insanity
is
of a different nature from
the medical.
• PHRASES
by its very nature
By its very nature a secret
service is not open topublic inspection.
the extent and na-
ture of sth
Weneed to understand the true extent and na-
ture of the problem.
a part of sb's nature
the expressive
part of his nature
0

Her view
is
that aggression
is
part of
human nature.
a side of/to sb's nature
He had a vicious
side to his nature.
nausea
noun
• ADJ.
intense, severe
I
sudden
I
nervous
• QUANT.
wave
I was overcome by waves of nausea.
• VERB + NAUSEA
experience, feel
I
complain of
I
bring on, cause I relieve
• NAUSEA
+
VERB
engulf sb, overcome sb, sweep

oversb
• PHRASES
a feeling/sensation of nausea
navigate
verb
• ADV.
accurately, successfully
Pigeons navigate less
accurately when the earth's magnetic field
is
disturbed.
0
(figurative) Those who successfully navigate this social
minefield are accepted by the royal family.
• PREP.
across, by
These birds navigate by the sun.
through
learning to navigate your way through aforest
• PHRASE S
navigate your way
navigation
noun
• ADJ.
accurate
I
radio, satellite
• NAVIGATION
+
NOUN

system
I
aids, equipment, in-
struments, lights I beacon I rights
• PREP. -
through
(often figurative) navigation through
complex documents
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• PHRASES an aid to navigation
small boats equipped
with electronic aids to navigation
freedom/rights of navi-
gation
freedom of navigation through international
waterways
navy
noun
• ADJ. strong I merchant
• VERB
+
NAVY have
I
build I serve in
I
join
• PREP. in the-
He spent tenyears in the merchant navy.
• PHRASES the Royal Navy
neat

adj.
• VERBS appear, be, look, seem
I
leave sth, make sth
Be sure to leave the room neat and tidy.
I keep sth
She
kept her desk extremely neat.
• ADV. extremely, very
I
fairly, quite, rather
I
surpris-
ingly
The handwriting was surprisingly neat.
• PHRASES neat and tidy
necessary
adj.
• VERBS be, prove, seem
I
become I remain I make
sth
The cold weather has made it necessary toprotect the
crops.
I
consider sth, feel sth, find sth, regard sth as,
see sth as, think sth
Make any alterations you consider
necessary.
o

You may find it necessary to readjust the
uiheelsfrom time to time.
• ADV. really, strictly
I was determined not to stay in hos-
pital for any longer than was strictly necessary.
I
abso-
lutely I causally, logically
• PREP. for
qualifications which are necessary for work
with the uruier-fiues
• PHRASES if necessary
These measures will be en-
forced, if necessary, by the army.
as/when/where neces-
sary
Weare here togive help and support when necessary.
necessity
noun
1fact that sth must happen; sth that cannot be avoided
• ADJ. overwhelming, sheer
I
absolute
I
fundamen-
tal, vital
I
real I dire, pressing, urgent
I
immediate I

strategic I logical, physical, practical
The people in the
rural areas use mud bricks only as an immediate, prac-
tical necessity.
I commercial, economic, financial, his-
torical, military, political, social
He argued that nuclear
weapons wereapolitical necessity.
• VERB
+
NECESSITY recognize, see
She saw the neces-
sity to make an immediate impression on him.
I
accept
(sth as), be convinced of
They have accepted the necessity
of greater state intervention.
I
avoid, obviate, remove,
spare I emphasize, highlight, stress
Observers stressed
the necessity for the ceasefire to be observed.
I
be born
(out) of
Culling of the animals was born out of the neces-
sityfor successful conservation.
• NECESSITY
+

VERB arise
These animals don't like
water but will swim if the necessity arises.
I
demand (sth)
Where necessity demands, we can seat more guests in the
gallery.
I
force sth
Necessity forced an urgent solution.
• PREP. of-
The visit will, of necessity, be brief
out of-
He
ischanging job out of necessity. not because heparticularly
wants to.
through-
Most of the women areforced, through
economic necessity, to work in part-time low-paid jobs.
without the- of
You can dial direct without the necessity of
going through the operator.
I
-for
There's no necessityfor
you to come.
-fo
the necessity toearn a living
• PHRASES any/no necessity
The company sees no ne-

cessityfor a more cautious approach to investment.
2sth you must have
• ADJ. absolute
I
vital I real
I
urgent
Policies which
address these issues are an urgent necessity.
I
bare, basic
They have nothing but the barest necessities.
I
daily
• VERB
+
NECESSITY have I lack
• PHRASES a necessity of life
Food isa necessity of life.
519
need
neck
noun
1 part of the body
• ADJ. long, short
I
beautiful, elegant
I
slender, slim,
swan-like I scraggy, scrawny, thin

I
strong, thick
I
wrinkled I stiff
I
broken
• VERB
+
NECK crane, strain
I craned my neck to see
I,Dhatwas happening at the head of the queue.
I crick
I
cricked my neck playing tennis and now I can't turn round
properly.
I
break, injure
I
wring
He killed the chicken
quickly by wringing its neck.
I
risk
(often figurative)
I'm
not going to risk my neck playing rugby with you!
I
save
(often figurative) He's out to save his own political neck
(=

his political career).
• NECK
+
VERB ache
• NECK
+
NOUN muscle I brace, collar, support
She's
been wearing a neck brace since her car crash.
I
injury
• PREP. around/round your -
I keep the key on a string
round my neck.
in the-
The veins in his neck stood out like
knotted rope.
• PHRASES the back/nape of the neck
The hairs on the
back of my neck prickled uiithfear:
the scruff of the neck
The catpicked up her kitten by the scruff of its neck.
2 part of a piece of clothing
• ADJ. high I open
He wore a casual shirt with an open
neck.
I
crew, halter, polo, roll, round, scoop, square,
turtle, V
need

noun
1situation where sth is needed/necessary
• ADJ. considerable, great, strong I special
There is a
special needfor well-trained teachers.
I
overriding, over-
whelming, paramount I burning, compelling, critical,
crying, desperate, dire, driving, immediate, pressing,
urgent
a crying needfor skilled workers
<>
These children
are in dire need.
I
real
I
clear
I
basic, essential, funda-
mental I sudden I constant, continuing
He's in con-
stant need of treatment.
I growing, increasedlincreasing
I
reduced
I
possible
I
perceived

I
common
our com-
mon need for self-preservation
I
individual 1 human
the
human need to order existence
I
political, social
• VERB
+
NEED feel, have
Ifelt the need todo something.
I express
Several governments have expressed the need
for a cautious approach to the conflict.
I
demonstrate,
prove, show, suggest
The incident proved the needfor a
continuing military presence in the area.
I
reflect
a law
reflecting a need for better social conditions
I create
The
war created a need for national unity.
I address, fulfil,

meet, satisfy I avoid, eliminate, obviate, remove
I avoid
the need to travel by plane.
I
reduce I be aware of, be
sensitive to
I
accept, acknowledge, perceive, recog-
nize, see
I seeno need to do anything hasty.
I
emphasize,
heighten, highlight, reaffirm, stress, underline
She
stressed the needfor cooperation with the authorities.
I
ig-
nore, overlook I deny
The government has denied the
needfor
economic
reforrn:
I
understand
I
consider
• NEED
+
VERB exist
A need exists to bridge the gap be-

tween theory and practice in nursing.
I arise
The system
can beswitched to emergency power should the need arise.
• PREP.
in-(of)
a campaign to help children in need
<>
The
room was sorely in need of afresh coat of paint.
I
-for
the
needfor change
• PHRASES any/little/no need
There's no need to worry.
2sth that sb requires
• ADJ. basic, essential, fundamental I particular, spe-
cial, specific
a school for children with special edu-
cational needs
I
immediate, pressing
I
long-term
I
changing
I
conflicting
I

unmet
I
local
I
individual
I
community
I
customer/customer's, patient/patient's
I
human
Energy for cooking is a basic human need.
I hu-
manitarian
I
material, physical
material needs of food
and drink
I dietary I health care, medical I biological,
bodily, emotional, physical, psychological, sexual, spir-
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need
itual
I
educational
I
political, social I business lop-
erational
I
energy

I
information
• VERB
+
NEED
be responsive to, be sensitive to
I
ad-
dress, cater for/to, cover, fulfil, meet, provide (for), re-
spond to, satisfy, serve, supply
a new union set up to ad-
dress the needs of seasonal labourers
0
£10 a day was
enough to cover all his needs.
0
Wehave now met most of
the humanitarian needs of the refugees.
I suit, tailor sth
to The coaching is informal and tailored to individual
needs.
I
identify
I
assess, consider
• PHRASES
needs and desires, sb's every need
Our
staff unll cater toyour every need.
need

verb
• ADV.
badly, desperately, really, urgently
She needed
some money badly.
0
Research
is
urgently needed into the
causes of this illness.
I
certainly, definitely
I
clearly, ob-
viously I just, only, simply
Ljust need some information.
I
hardly
You hardly need me to tell you that your father
is
still very frail and must not be upset.
I
not necessarily
These people may need 24-hour attention, but they do not
necessarily need to be in hospital.
I no longer I still
• VERB + NEED
be going to I be expected to, be likely
to, may well
You may well need to look outside your pre-

ferred area tofind affordable accommodation.
needle
noun
1 for sewing
• ADJ.
long
I
blunt
I
sharp
I
fine
I
darning, embroi-
dery, sewing, tapestry
• VERB + NEEDLE
use
I
thread
• PHRASES
the eye of a needle, needle and thread
She
sewed it on with needle and thread.
2 for knitting
• ADJ.
empty I knitting
• NEEDLE + VERB
hold sth
a needle holding two
stitches

3 for drugs
• ADJ.
hypodermic, syringe I long I sharp
I
fine
I
clean, sterile I contaminated, infected I used
• VERB + NEEDLE
insert, jab (sb with), plunge, put,
stick
Hesaw her stick a needle into her arm.
I use
I
share
the dangers of sharing needles
• NEEDLE
+
VERB go in The needle went in easily.
• NEEDLE
+
NOUN
tip
I
exchange
He believes that nee-
dle exchange schemes
(=
where drug users can change
used needles for clean ones) encourage drug addiction.
• PHRASES

the prick of a needle
4 on a compass/instrument
• ADJ.
magnetized
I
compass
• NEEDLE + VERB
move
The needle moved away from
the wind.
I
point
I
settle
Wait until the needle settles and
ispointing in one direction.
• PHRASES
the needle of a compass
5 on a pine tree
• ADJ.
conifer, pine
• VERB
+
NEEDLE
drop, lose
needyadj.
• VERBS
be, look
a woman who looked needy
• ADV

genuinely, really, truly, very
• PHRASES
poor and needy
helping the children of poor
and needyparents
negative
noun
1 denial
• VERB + NEGATIVE
answer (sth) in, reply in
She an-
swered the question in the negative.
2 developed photographic film
• ADJ.
original I photographic I film, glass
520
• QUANT.
strip
• VERB + NEGATIVE
produce
I
develop
His interest in
photography started with him developing negatives that
hefound lying around the house.
I
keep
Wemust assume
that the spy kept the negatives.
I

destroy
negative
adj.
1 only thinking about/showing sb/sth's bad qualities
• VERBS
be, feel, seem, sound I become I remain
• ADV distinctly, extremely, strongly, terribly, very
the
strongly negative implications of these survey results
0
Their attitude was terribly negative.
I completely, en-
tirely, exclusively, purely, totally, Wholly
She spoke in en-
tirely negative terms.
I
largely, mainly, overwhelmingly
I
fairly, rather, slightly, somewhat I apparently I es-
sentially
Critical thinking
is
essentially negative as it
seeks to dissect and not to build.
I generally
• PREP.
about
He's been rather negative about the idea.
2 showing that sth has not happened/been found
• VERBS

be, prove, test
The breathalyser test proved
negative. oHe tested negatiuefor
Hlv
infection.
• PREP.
for
The urine tests were negatiuefor protein.
neglect
noun
• ADJ.
general, total
I
comparative, relative
I
benign
The eighteenth-century interior of the building has sur-
vived through benign neglect.
I
deliberate, serious, wil-
ful I physical
I
child
The maximum penalty for child
neglect
is
tenyears' imprisonment.
• VERB
+
NEGLECT

suffer (from)
The buildings suf-
fered neglect for centuries.
I
be guilty of
The doctor was
guilty of serious neglect of duty.
• PREP.
by -
cruelty by neglect
through -
the suffering of
children through neglect
to the - of
She had concentrated
on her music to the neglect of her other studies.
• PHRASES
centuries/years of neglect
After years of
neglect the house is at last being restored.
neglect
verb
• ADV.
grossly, seriously I completely, entirely, total-
ly, wholly I largely I conveniently
(ironic),
deliberately,
wilfully
conveniently neglecting their responsibilities
I

conspicuously
an aspect of the problem conspicuously
neglected by social scientists
I
hitherto, previously
• VERB + NEGLECT
tend to
I
cannot/could not afford
to This sector is one of the major growth areas and we can-
not afford to neglect it.
• PREP.
in favour of
Local communities have been neg-
lected infauour of private sector interests.
neglected
adj.
1 not given enough attention
• VERBS
be, feel, lie, look, remain, seem, stand
His tools
lay neglected in the garden.
I
become, get
• ADV.
badly, extremely, much, sadly, seriously, sore-
ly, very, woefully
It
is
a sadly neglected work.

0
The build-
ing
is
sorely neglected.
I
largely
I
comparatively, rather,
relatively, somewhat I hitherto, previously I unjustly
She is an excellent and unjustly neglected author.
2 not given enough food, clothing, etc.
• VERBS
be, look
The group of street children looked
ragged and neglected.
• ADV
badly, grossly, severely
negligence
noun
• ADJ.
gross
I
contributory
The plaintiff was guilty of
contributory negligencefor failing to wear a crash helmet.
I
medical, professional
I
criminal

• VERB + NEGLIGENCE
be guilty of I accuse sb of, al-
lege, claim, sue for
The solicitor was accused of profes-
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