Tài liệu Oxford Collocations Dictionary for students of English_ Chương 2.22 ppt

Tt
table
noun
1 piece of furniture
• ADJ.
big, high, huge, large, long
I
little, low, small
I
circular, rectangular, round, square
I
drop-leaf, fold-
away, folding, trestle
Wearranged theparty food on a tres-
tle table in the garden.
I
baize-covered, glass-topped,
white-clothed, white-napped
I
glass, plastic, wooden
I
polished, scrubbed
I
ramshackle, rickety, rough
I
empty
Wefound an empty table at the back of the restaur-
ant.
I
bare
I

corner, window
We'll take the corner table
near the bar, please.
I
dining (room), kitchen
She often
does her homework at the kitchen table.
I
breakfast, din-
ner, lunch
Wenever discuss politics at the breakfast table.
I
conference, negotiating
They spent hours around the
negotiating table.
I
billiard, ping-pong, pool, snooker,
table-tennis
I
makeshift
We turned the box upside down
and used it as a makeshift table.
• VERB
+
TABLE
sit around/round, sit (down) at
They
were all fiue of them sitting round the kitchen table. I
get
up from, leave

He left the table in a hurry.
I
lay, set
Please
lay the table for six.
I
clear
You clear the table and
r
II
wash the dishes.
I
book, reserve
Webooked a table in our
favourite restaurantfor
8
p.m.
• TABLE
+
NOUN
decorations
I
edge
• PREP.
across the -
She leaned across the table towards
him.
around/round the -
Wegathered round the table to
hear his news.

at the -
to sit down at the table
on the -
She
put the vase on the table.
over the -
They flirted over the
dinner table.
under the-
The potato rolled under the table.
• PHRASES
the centre/middle of the table, the
edge/end/head of the table
My father always sits at the
head of the table.
a round table discussion/meeting,
round table talks
All parties took part in the round table
discussions on thepeace process.
2 list of facts/figures
• ADJ.
statistical
I
league
The league table shows the
Danish team infirst place with eight points.
• VERB
+
TABLE
compile, draw (up)

I
see
See Table
Xllfor
population
figures.
• TABLE
+
VERB
show sth
• PREP.
in a/the -
He showed the price fluctuations in a
statistical table.
0
United are second in the table.
• PHRASES
the bottom/top of the table, mid-table
The
team will be lucky tofinish. the season mid-table.
tablet
noun
1 pill
• ADJ.
Ecstasy,
paracetamol,
saccharin, sleeping, vita-
min, etc.
Take two paracetamol tablets with water.
• VERB

+
TABLET
take
• PHRASES
in tablet form
The drug
is
now available in
tablet and
capsuleform.
2slab
• ADJ.
clay, stone, wax, etc.
I
commemorative, me-
morial
We had a memorial tablet put up on the church
wall.
tabloid
noun
• ADJ.
daily, Sunday
I
national
I
popular
• VERB
+
TABLOID
read

• TABLOID
+
NOUN
journalism, newspaper, press
He
believes that the tabloid press has behaved disgracefully.
• PREP.
in a/the -
I
despair when
I
read what passes for
news in some of the tabloids.
taboo
noun
• ADJ.
rigid, strict
I
deep-seated
I
cultural, gender, re-
ligious, sexual, social
I
incest
• VERB
+
TABOO
observe
his failure to observe the
tribe's rigid taboos

I
break, flout, violate
I
break down
theproblem of breaking down deep-seated cultural taboos
I reinforce
• TABOO + NOUN
subject
• PREP. -
about
the taboo about religion in British society
- against
the taboo against marrying aforeigner -
on
re-
inforcing their taboos on sexuality -
surrounding
the ta-
boos surrounding menstruation
taboo
adj.
• VERBS
be
I
become
I
remain
I
consider sth, regard
sth as

Sex
is
considered taboo as a topicfor discussion.
• ADV
strictly
The subject of death was strictly taboo in
their society.
• PREP.
to
Such work was taboo to women.
tack
noun
1way of achieving sth
• ADJ.
right, wrong
• VERB + TACK
go off on, take, try
New research
is
tak-
ing a different tack.
0
The interviewer decided to try an-
other tack.
I
change, switch
She suddenly changed tack,
taking him by surprise.
• PREP
on a/the -

I
think you're on the wrong tack with
that approach.
• PHRASES
a change of tack
2 direction of a sailing boat in relation to the wind
• ADJ.
port, starboard
I
opposite
• VERB
+
TACK
sail on
We were sailing on starboard
tack.
I
change, swing onto/to
The yacht swung to the op-
posite tack.
tackle
noun
• ADJ.
bad, crunching, ferocious, high, hard, late,
scything, strong
Their captain was sent off for a high
tackle on Cooper.
I
brave, skilful
I

cover, last-ditch
Only
a last-ditch tackle by Song prevented Raul from scoring.
I
sliding
I
flying
A security guard brought him down with
aflying tackle.
I
rugby
• VERB + TACKLE
execute, get in, go in for, make
I
managed toget in a sliding tackle, but he scored anyway.
• PREP.
-from
a crunching tacklefrom. her opponent -
on
He was booked for a tackle from behind on Morris.
I
in
a/the -
She lost the ball in a tackle.
tackle
verb
1deal with sth difficult
• ADV
properly, seriously
I

directly, head-on
The
drugs problem has to be tackled head-on.
I
effectively,
successfully
• VERB
+
TACKLE
attemptto, try to
I
help (to)
I
fail to
failing to tackle the key issues
• PREP.
with
The problem
is
being tackled with a range of
measures.
• PHRASES
a way of tackling sth
2 in sport
• ADV
hard
He can runtast and tackle hard.
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tact
tact

noun
• ADJ.
considerable, great, the utmost
• VERB
+
TACT
have
I
call for, need, require
The situ-
ation called for considerable tact.
I
display, exercise,
show, use
Employees are trained to show tact and pa-
tience with difficult customers.
• PREP.
with -
The incident should have been handled
with more tact by the police.
• PHRASES
a lack of tact, the soul of tact
Their host,
who was the soul of tact, never mentioned the incident
again.
tact and diplomacy/sensitivity
tactic
noun
• ADJ.
subtle I legitimate

Some players see injuring
their opponent as a legitimate tactic.
I
devious, dubious,
underhand I aggressive, bully-boy, bullying, extreme,
guerrilla, heavy-handed, militant, revolutionary, scare,
shock, strong-arm, terror, violent
I
non-violent, softly-
softly I psychological I smear I avoidance, delaying,
diversionary, spoiling, stalling
Children are adept at
delaying tactics.
I
negative, time-wasting
The coach was
criticized for his negative tactics.
I
short-term
I
cam-
paigning, marketing, negotiating, promotional
I
mili-
tary, naval, parliamentary, police, political
• VERB
+
TACTIC
decide on, discuss, plan, talk
(about), work out

She decided on a stalling tactic.
I
adopt, apply, deploy, employ, try, use
the temptation to
use underhand tactics
0
They were desperate enough to try
shock tactics.
I
resort to, stoop to
I refuse to stoop to such
bullying tactics.
I
change, rethink, switch
They would do
well to switch tactics.
I demand, require
Longer races de-
mand different tactics.
• TACTIC
+
VERB
payoff, succeed, work
His strong-
arm tactics paid off
I
fail
• PREP.
-for
teaching parents tacticsfor dealing with ag-

gressive children
tag
noun
1 label
• ADJ.
identity, name, price
The baby had aplastic name
tag on its ankle.
0
Despite a price tag of
£1
00000, the car
sold was sold in two days.
I
security
I
gift, luggage
I
ankle, ear, wrist
• VERB
+
TAG
attach, put
I still have toput gift tags on
all thepresents.
• PHRASES
sth carries/has a price tag of £500/$10000,
etc.
This designer suit carries a price tag of
£2

000.
2 reputation
• VERB
+
TAG
10se,shakeoff,shedThepresidentmade
several jokes in an attempt to shake off his 'humourless'
tag.
tail
noun
1of an animal, a bird, etc.
• ADJ.
long I short
I
bushy, curly, curved, forked,
pointed I muscular, prehensile
• VERB
+
TAIL
flick, swish, thrash, wag, whisk
The dog
wagged its tail furiously.
I dock
It used to befashionable
todock horses' tails.
• TAIL
+
VERB
twitch, wag, wave
The dog ran out with

its tail wagging madly.
• TAIL
+
NOUN
feathers, fin
20f a thing
• TAIL
+
NOUN
section
The plane's tail section had
broken off
I
fin, light
• PREP.
atthe -
the truck atthe tail of our convoy
• PHRASES
nose to tail
Traffic which used to be nose to
tail nourflouisfreely:
tailor
verb
• ADV
carefully
I
exactly I accordingly, individually,
784
specially, specifically
We identify your needs, and tailor

your training accordingly.
• PREP.
for
a system that is specially tailored for small
firms
to
The account offered by the bank will be tailored
exactly toyour needs.
tailored
adj.
• VERBS
be
• ADV
beautifully, elegantly, exquisitely, finely, im-
maculately, superbly
wearing a beautifully tailored suit
I
perfectly
I
expensively
take
verb
• ADV
well
I
badly
She took the news of her father's
death very badly.
I
seriously

I wanted to betaken serious-
ly as an artist.
I
philosophically
Harry took his rejection
philosophically.
• PREP.
as
He took what I said as a criticism.
PHRASAL VERB
take to sth
• ADV.
kindly
They won't take kindly to being ordered
about.
takeover
noun
• ADJ.
attempted, proposed I hostile I agreed
I
com-
pany
I
communist, military
• TAKEOVER
+
NOUN
attempt, bid
a hostile takeover
bid

I offer I battle
The consortium won a fierce takeover
battlefor the engineering group.
takings
noun
• ADJ.
the day's, the month's, etc. I weekly I gross,
net I cash
I
record
Store managers arepredicting record
takings this Christmas.
I
bar, box office
• VERB
+
TAKINGS
add up, check, count (up) I boost
The shop's new look has boosted its takings considerably. I
cut
• TAKINGS
+
VERB
be up/down, drop, rise
Box office
takings are up by 40
%
on last year.
• PREP.
in -

She was losing about £100a week in takings.
I
-from
the takingsfrom. wines and beers
c;>
Special page at
BUSINESS
tale
noun
• ADJ.
long, rambling I amazing, bizarre, curious,
extraordinary, fantastic, magical, marvellous, strange I
awful, dire, sad, sorry, terrible
the sorry tale of his mar-
riage breakdown
I
dreary
She was tired of hearing the
same dreary tale of drunkenness and violence.
I chilling,
gruesome, hair-raising, horror, macabre I mysterious,
spooky
I
funny, humorous, witty
I
foolish I lurid,
spicy, tawdry
I
fanciful, far-fetched, incredible, tall, un-
likely

a tall tale that would fool no one
I
old wives'
I
rags-to-riches
the rags-to-riches tale of an orphan who be-
comes a star
I
epic, heroic
an epic tale of courage and
heroism
I
cautionary, moral, morality
I
folk, traditional
I childhood
I
fairy
(oftenfigurative) Winning the French
Open was afairy-tale end to her career.
I romantic
• VERB
+
TALE
narrate, regale sb with, relate, tell (sb)
She regaled us with tales of her wild youth.
I invent, make
up, spin
• TALE
+

VERB
begin
I
unfold
I
concern sb/sth, in-
volve sb/sth I be set in ...
a tale set in 19th-century Mos-
cow
I
be based on sth
• PREP. -
about
a tale about a hungry snake -
of
tales of
adventure
0
the curious tale of the man who sold his hair
• PHRASES
a tale of woe
(=
about failure, bad luck,
etc.),(have) a tale to tell
Each of the survivors had a ter-
rible tale to tell.
telltales
(=
to say things about sb that are
untrue or that they would prefer to be secret)

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talent
noun
• ADJ. considerable, enormous, exceptional, extraor-
dinary, formidable, genuine, great, major, outstanding,
prodigious, rare, real, remarkable, special, tremendous,
undoubted, unique
I
God-given, inborn, innate, nat-
ural, raw
Hard work is important, but it is no substitute for
raw talent.
I
hidden, undiscovered
I
mediocre
I
fresh,
new
The company is always looking out for new talent.
I
young
I
precocious
I
home-grown, local
one of thefeu:
teams that relies on home-grown talent
I
top

Weare losing
our top talent to other countries who pay more.
I
acting,
artistic, creative, literary, managerial, musical, scientif-
ic, vocal, writing
• VERB
+
TALENT have, possess
The lad has undoubt-
ed talent.
I
demonstrate, display, reveal, show
I
flaunt,
show off
The banquet gave the chef a chance toflaunt his
talents.
I
direct, redirect, turn
After making her name as
a singer, she turned her talents to acting.
I
discover, rec-
ognize, spot, unearth
She has a keen eyefor spotting tal-
ent.
0
United have unearthed a real talent in this young de-
fender.

I
build (on), cultivate, develop, harness, make
the most of, nurture, realize, tap, use, utilize
an effort to
develop his creative talents to the full
0
The theatre visits
schools to tap young talent.
I
squander, waste
His par-
ents accused him of wasting his talents and abilities.
• TALENT
+
VERB lie
Her talents lay in organization.
• TALENT
+
NOUN scout, spotter
I
competition, con-
test,show
• PREP. of -
He is a violinist of exceptional talent.
with/without -
kids with musical talent
I
-for
You have a
natural talentfor storytelling.

• PHRASES a man/woman, etc. of many talents, a
wealth of talent
There isa wealth of talent out there in our
schools.
a pool of talent
Hollywood directors have a mar-
vellous pool of acting talent to drauifrom.
talented
cuij.
• VERBS be, seem, sound
• ADV exceptionally, extraordinarily, extremely, high-
ly, hugely, immensely, incredibly, outstandingly, really,
supremely, truly, very
an extraordinarily talented de-
signer
0
Some of these young musicians are hugely talent-
ed.
I
not particularly
I
quite
I
precociously
a preco-
ciously talented youngster
I
artistically, musically
talk
noun

1 a conversation
• ADJ. good, little
(often ironic),
long, quiet, serious
I
will have to have a little talk with that young lady
(= tell
her that
I
disapprove of sth).
I
heart-to-heart, intimate
• VERB
+
TALK have
• TALK
+
NOUN show
• PREP. - about
I enjoyed our talk about the old days.
-wlth
I need to have a heart-to-heart talk with her.
• PHRASES (exchange/make) small talk(= to talk polite-
ly about unimportant things)
He was never very good at
making small talk with her parents.
2
talking
• ADJ. excited, heady
There was excited talk of emigrat-

ing toAmerica.
I
ridiculous, wild
There is ridiculous talk
of her breaking the world record soon.
I
careless, dan-
gerous, idle, loose
I
fighting, tough
I
straight
She likes
straight talk and hates hypocrites.
I
double
The presi-
dent's true agenda was hidden in political double talk.
I
dirty, filthy
I
cheap, easy, empty, mere
The chairman's
boasts about future profits was just cheap talk.
I
fine,
grand
(ironic) What all the fine talk came down to was
hard cash.
I baby

I never used baby talk to my little girl.
I
pillow
thepillow talk of lovers
• TALK
+
VERB turn to sth
Talk turned to money and
tempers began tofray.
785
tall
• PREP. - about/of
All this talk of the president resigning
is nonsense!
• PHRASES be just talk
'You think it's just talk?' 'No, I
think it's true.'
for all the talk of sth
For all the talk of
bringing their children up the same, the boys ended up
never doing any of the cooking.
3(also talks)
discussions between official groups
• ADJ. lengthy
I
high-level, top-level
I
informal
I
for-

mal, official
I
private, secret
I
open
I
direct, face-to-
face
I
wide-ranging
I
all-party, bilateral, inter-party,
joint, multilateral, round-table, trilateral, tripartite
I
fresh, further
I
fruitless, inconclusive
I
crisis, emer-
gency, urgent
I
exploratory, preliminary
I
constitu-
tional, political
I
arms, pay, peace, trade
• QUANT. round
A further round of talks is expected in
March.

• VERB
+
TALK conduct, have, hold
The two govern-
ments held secret talks on the nuclear threat.
I
broker,
host
I
attend, enter
I
initiate, open
I
break off, pull out
of, walk out of
The union has broken off talks with the
management.
I
cancel, suspend
I
reopen, resume
• TALK
+
VERB be scheduled
Talks were scheduled for
Rome the following month.
I
take place
The peace talks
will take place in Cairo. I

begin, open, start
I
end
I
re-
sume
I
be aimed at sth, be designed to
the latest round
of talks aimed at ending the civil war
I
centre on sth,
concentrate on sth, cover sth, deal with sth, focus on
sth
The talks centred on bilateral trade.
I
produce sth
Talks produced agreement on an end to the occupation.
I
be deadlocked, break down, collapse, fail, founder, stall
The talks remain deadlocked over spending plans.
0
The
talks foundered on the issue of compensation.
• PREP. during -
The agreement was concluded during
talks in Beijing.
in-
He is currently in talks with tuiofoot-
ball clubs.

I-
about/on/over
holding talks over the polit-
icaltuture of theprouince -
between
thejailure
of talks be-
tween the two communities -
with
The delegation arrived
for talks with their government.
4 lecture
• ADJ. entertaining, informative, interesting
I
intro-
ductory
I
pep, sales, team
I
radio
• VERB
+
TALK give
I
attend, go to
• TALK
+
VERB be entitled sth
She gave a very enter-
taining talk entitled 'My life and hard times'.

• PREP. - about/on
Did you go tothe talk on Peru?
talk
verb
• ADV. loudly
I
quietly
I
at length
I
continuously, end-
lessly, incessantly, non-stop
I
freely
I
openly
She
talked quite freely about her work.
I
enthusiastically, ex-
citedly
I
politely
I
glibly
I
vaguely
He had talked vague-
ly of going to work abroad.
I casually I earnestly

a
group of students talking earnestly
I
sensibly
Let's talk
sensiblyaboutthis.
I
wildly
• VERB
+
TALK be able to, can/could
I can't talk about
itjust now.
I need to, wantto
Ineed to talk toyou.
I begin
to
I
be easy to
He was
so
easy to talk to.
I
be difficult to,
be hard to
I
hear sb, listen to sb, overhear sb
I loved to
hear him talk about the old days.
I

make sb
The police
questioned him for four hours, trying to make him talk.
I
let sb
Just shut up and let me talk for a minute.
• PREP about
talking about their new clothes
of
(formal)
We often talked of the war. to r
II
talk to John this after-
noon.
with
rve talked with him on the telephone.
• PHRASES start/stop talking
tall
adj.
• VERBS be, look, seem
I
become, get, grow
• ADV. exceptionally, extremely, unusually, very
I
fair-
Iy, quite, rather
She is quite tallfor her age.
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tame
tame

adj.
1
not afraid of people
• VERBS
be, look, seem
I
become
• ADV.
extremely, very I almost
I
quite
2 boring
• VERBS
appear, be, look, seem, sound I become
I
find sth
Ifound office work very tame after army life.
• ADV.
positively, very
living a life that makes Wild West
movies look positively tame
I
a bit, a little, pretty, rather,
somewhat
To us it was all pretty tame stuff
tan
noun
• ADJ.
deep, golden
I

healthy
I
all-over
I
fake
• VERB
+
TAN
have I show off, sport
Show off your
tan in this little white top.
I
get, top up, work on
I want to
top up my tan on the sun bed at the gym.
• PREP.
against your-
His teeth were a gleaming flash. of
white against his tan.
tangle
noun
• ADJ.
bewildering, confused
a confused tangle of ooices
I
dense, matted
a dense tangle of undergrowth
• VERB
+
TANGLE

get into
He got into a tangle with his
budget figures.
I sort out, unravel
The legal tangle was
never really unravelled.
• PREP.
in a-
This string's in a tangle.
tangled
adj.
• VERBS
be, look
I
become, get
• ADY. hopelessly
I
all
My hair had got all tangled.
I a
bit
Your hair looks a bit tangled.
I up
• PREP.
in
My legs got hopelessly tangled in the rope.
tank
noun
1
container

• ADJ.
empty, full I glass, steel I 4-foot, 50-gallon, 80-
litre, etc.
I
fuel, gas, oil, oxygen, petrol, water
the hot
and cold water tanks
I
storage
I
septic, slurry
I
fish
• VERB + TANK
fill
• TANK
+
VERB
contain sth
• PREP.
in/into a/the-
Put a littletishfood into the tank.
I
-of
afull tank of petrol
2 military vehicle
• ADJ.
armoured, army, battle
• VERB
+

TANK
climb into, get into I drive
• TANK
+
VERB
roll
Tanks rolled In to end the siege.
• TANK
+
NOUN
regiment
tanker
noun
1
ship carrying oil or petrol
• ADJ.
giant, huge, large I gas, oil I coastal
• TANKER + VERB
carry sth, transport sth
a tanker
carrying thousands of tons of crude oil
I
run aground
The
tanker ran aground in heavy seas and is breaking up on
the rocks.
I
break up
I
spill sth

A damaged tanker has
spilled millions of gallons of oil into the sea.
• TANKER + NOUN
disaster, spill
the worst year for
tanker spills for ten years
I fleet I route I traffic I oper-
ator, owner
2 heavy vehicle for carrying liquids
• ADJ.
fuel, milk, petrol I road
• VERB
+
TANKER
drive
• TANKER
+
VERB
carry sth
•. TANKER
+
NOUN
driver
tanned
adj.
• VERBS
be, look I become, get
• ADV
deeply, very
His blue eyes glittered in his deeply

tannedface.
I lightly, slightly
I
healthily
786
tantrum
noun
• ADJ.
temper
• VERB + TANTRUM
have, throw
He threw a tantrum on
the school bus.
I
deal with
I
ignore
tap
noun
1
for water, gas, etc.
• ADJ.
hot, hot-water
I
cold, cold-water
I
mixer
I
drip-
ping, running

the sound of a dripping tap
I
leaky
I
bath,
bathroom, kitchen
• VERB
+
TAP
turn (off/on)
Turn the tap clockwise.
I
run
You have to run the tap a long time before the hot water
comes.
• TAP + VERB
drip, run
Someone has left the tap run-
ning.
I leak
• TAP
+
NOUN
water
I
washer
• PREP.
on -
The pub has two sorts of beer on tap
(=

in
a
barrel with a tap on it).
0
(figurative) Wehave this sort of
information on tap
(= available to be used at any time).
2 quick gentle blow; the sound it makes
• ADJ.
gentle,light,little I sharp
• VERB
+
TAP
give sb/sth
• PREP. -rat There wasa little tap at the door.
-on
Hegave
her a tap on the shoulder.
tap
verb
• ADV
gently, lightly
She tapped herfingers gently on the
table.
I
away
She tapped away at her keyboard.
• PREP.
against, at, on, with
She tapped the ice with a

stick.
tape
noun
1
magnetic material used for recording
• ADJ.
magnetic
The data is stored on the magnetic tape.
I audio, computer, video (also videotape) I recording
• VERB
+
TAPE
hold sth on, store sth on
I
capture sth
on, get sth on
Police are examining the incident, which
was captured on tape.
I splice
• TAPE + NOUN
drive(= inacomputer) I recording
• PREP.
on -
I'ue
got the whole concert on tape.
2 cassette with magnetic tape on it
• ADJ.
cassette
I
audio, music, sound I video (also

videotape)
I
demo, master
I
compilation
a compilation
tapefeaturing new Irish bands
I blank I pre-recorded I
bootleg, pirated
The court heard that Ellis sold pirated
tapes of Hollywood blockbusters.
• VERB
+
TAPE
make
I made another tape toplay in the
car.
I
play (back), put on
The police will be able to play
back the oideotapefor clues.
I listen to, watch
I
mime to
The singer was miming to a pre-recorded tape.
I fast-
forward, pause, replay, rewind, start, stop, wind back,
wind forward/on
I
erase, wipe

Someone had deliberately
erased the tapes.
• TAPE + VERB
contain sth, have sth
The tape con-
tained damning evidence.
0
What does this tape have on it?
• TAPE
+
NOUN
deck, recorder I recording
310ng narrow strip of fabric/paper
• ADJ.
adhesive, Scotch
TM,
sticky
I
insulating, mask-
ing
I
measuring
I
paper, plastic, steel I ticker I double-
sided
Fit the carpet using double-sided tape.
• QUANT.
piece, strip I roll
• VERB
+

TAPE
seal sth (up) with
I sealed up the pack-
age with strong adhesive tape.
• TAPE
+
NOUN
measure
Use a steel tape measure to
measure the dimensions of the room.
4 piece of material stretched across a racetrack
• ADJ.
finishing
• VERB
+
TAPE
break
her look of triumph as she broke
thefinishing tape
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tape
verb
• ADV. firmly
The wires are taped firmly together.
I
to-
gether, up
The box was all taped up.
• PREP.
onto, to

She had taped a note to thefridge door.
target
noun
1sb/sth that you try to destroy, hurt, steal, etc.
• ADJ.
favourite, likely, natural, obvious, perfect, pos-
sible, potential, prime, suitable
The prime minister is a
favourite target of comedians.
I
easy, sitting, soft, tempt-
ing, vulnerable
The stationary trucks were sitting targets
for the enemy planes.
I
legitimate
I
intended
I
station-
ary
I
moving
I
ground
I
military
I
civilian, non-military
I

terrorist
• VERB
+
TARGET
aim at, attack, go for, shoot at
I
hit,
reach (used
of
a missile)
The bomb reached its intended
target ten seconds later. I
miss, overshoot
Thejlare over-
shor its target and set light to a hotel.
I
destroy
The mis-
sile is aimed specifically to destroy military targets.
I
track
The radar beam can track a number of targets al-
most simultaneously.
• PREP.
off-
The missile veered way off target and landed
in the sea.
on -
Politically speaking, hisjibes were right on
target.

I
-for
an easy targetfor shoplifters
2object that you shoot at
• VERB
+
TARGET
put up, set up
The archers were set-
ting up their targets.
I
aim at, shoot at
I
hit
I
miss
I
use
sth as
The boys used an old treestump as a target.
• TARGET
+
NOUN
area
I
practice
• PREP.
off-
Patton uiasjust off target with a header.
on-

His first shot was bang on target.
wide of the -
The shot
went wide of the target.
3 result, person, etc. that you aim to reach
• ADJ.
achievable, attainable, low, modest, realistic
I
ambitious, demanding, difficult, high, tough, unrealis-
tic
She has always set herself very high targets.
I
impos-
sible
I
clear
I
chief, key, main, major, primary, prime,
principal
I
annual
I
immediate, initial
I
future, long-
term, ultimate
I
attainment, economic, financial,
growth, inflation, performance, production, profit, re-
cruitment, sales, spending

• VERB
+
TARGET
set
Managers must set targets that
are realistic.
I
aim for
Pupils should be given a target to
aim for:
I
achieve, meet, reach
I
stay within
in a desper-
ate attempt to stay within budget targets
I
exceed
The
company pays bonuses to workers who exceed production
targets.
I
fall short of
• TARGET
+
NOUN
audience, group, market
I
date
to

meet a target date of May 2002
I
figure, price, weight
• PREP.
above (a/the) -
Sales so far this year are 20%
above target.
off-
Thesefigures are way off target.
on -
We
are still right on target.
over (a/the)-
Many wage settle-
ments reached were over the original target of 4%. to-
wards (a/the) -
Weare working towards a target of twenty
cars a week. I
-for
setting new targets for growth
target
verb
• ADV
carefully, deliberately
a carefully targeted mar-
keting campaign
0
Children are deliberately targeted.
I
particularly, specifically

• PREP.
at
The products are targeted at young people.
for
This hospital is targeted for additional funding.
on
Tax
cuts should be targeted on the poor.
towards
Wetarget our
services towards specific groups of people.
tariff
noun
• ADJ.
high, low
I
preferential, protective, punitive
British industry was
shelteredfromforeigtt
competition by
protective tariffs.
I
external
I
domestic, internal
I
im-
port
I
customs

• QUANT.
levela40%
level of tariffs on imports
787
task force
• VERB
+
TARIFF
fix, set
The agreement fixed tariffs for
foreign goods coming into Japan at
5%.
I
impose, intro-
duce, levy
The US could impose punitive tariffs of up to
100% on some countries' exports.
I
pay
I
increase, raise
I
cut, lower, reduce
I
abolish, eliminate
• TARIFF
+
NOUN reduction, reform
I
structure, sys-

tem
I
level, rate
I
barrier
the aim of removing all tariff
barriers by theyear 2003
• PREP.
-on
They set a tariffof36
%
on British woolcloth.
• PHRASES
a reduction in tariff/tariffs
tarnish
verb
1become/make sth less bright
• ADV
badly
The mirror had tarnished quite badly.
2spoil sth
• ADV
severely
their severely tarnished reputation
tart
noun
1open pie
• ADJ.
fruit,jam, treacle
I

apple, strawberry, etc.
• VERB
+
TART
make
2woman
• ADJ.
cheap, little
• VERB
+
TART
look like
That dress makes her look like
a tart.
I
call sb
He had called her a cheap little tart.
task
noun
• ADJ.
awesome, challenging, daunting, enormous,
formidable, great, Herculean, huge, mammoth, mas-
sive, monumental
I
arduous, demanding, difficult,
exacting, exhausting, hard, laborious, onerous, stiff,
time-consuming, tough, uphill
I
dangerous, hazardous
I

basic, easy, simple, small
Translating the letter was no
easy task.
I
menial, mundane, repetitive, tedious
I
complex, mind-boggling
I
delicate, tricky
I
fruitless,
hopeless, impossible
I
daily, day-to-day, routine
I
central, fundamental, important, main, major, primary,
principal
The primary task of the chair is to ensure the
meeting runs smoothly.
I
essential, vital
I
immediate,
urgent
I
enviable, pleasant
I
thankless, unenviable,
unpleasant
I

administrative, domestic, household,
manual
I
self-appointed, self-imposed
• VERB
+
TASK
take on, take upon yourself, undertake
Nobody was keen to take on such a thankless task. I
ap-
proach, get to grips with, tackle
How doyou tackle a task
like that?
I
carry out, do, fulfil, get on with, perform
I left
her to get on with the task of correcting the errors.
I
ac-
complish, complete, succeed in
I
cope with
I
fail in
I
allocate, assign (sb), delegate, entrust sb with, give sb,
set sb
Shefailed to complete the task that she had been set.
I
be charged with, be faced with, have

She was charged
with the important task of telling the children.
I
be en-
gaged in
I was engaged in the delicate task of clipping the
dog's claws.
I
help sb with
I
be suited/unsuited to
His
thick.fingers were not well suited to the task.
• TASK
+
VERB
require sth
The task requires a variety
of skills and experience.
I
fall to sb
The unenviable task of
telling my parents fell to the head teacher.
I
confront sb,
face sb
The team have no illusions about the size of the
task confronting them.
• PREP.
-for

a hard task for the committee -
in
one of the
first tasks in language learning
• PHRASES
the task ahead
Weneed to think realistically
about the task ahead.
the task in hand
We should stop
chatting and get back to the task in hand.
task force
noun
• ADJ.
special
I
government, presidential, etc.
I
naval,
police, etc.
I
health, housing, etc.
• VERB
+
TASK FORCE
create, establish, form, set up
I
lead
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taste

• TASK FORCE
+
NOUN team
• PREP. - on
The government has set up
a
special task
force on health care reform.
taste
noun
1flavour
• ADJ. delicious, fresh, pleasant, refreshing
I
distinct-
ive
I
pungent, rich, strong
I
bland, mild
I
foul, nasty,
unpleasant
I
bitter, creamy, metallic, salty, sharp,
smooth, sour, spicy, sweet
I
authentic
You need to use
fresh herbs toget the authentic Italian taste.
• VERB

+
TASTE have
The soup had
a
very salty taste.
I
leave
The drink left
a
bitter taste in his mouth.
<>
(figura-
tive) The whole business left
a
nasty taste in my mouth.
I
spoil
Don't have
a
cigarette now-you'll spoil the taste of
your food!
I
enhance, improve
I
enjoy, savour
She sa-
voured the taste of the champagne.
I
disguise, take away
I had

a
strong coffeeto take away the nasty taste of thefood.
• TASTE
+
NOUN buds
2 a taste small amount
• ADJ. little
I
real
That job gave me my first real taste of
teaching.
I
first
• VERB + TASTE get, have
Have
a
taste of this cake.
I
give sb, provide (sb with)
• PREP. -of
This was herfirst taste of success.
• PHRASES a taste of things to come
The new appraisal
scheme is only a taste of things to come.
3 liking
• ADJ. catholic, eclectic, varied, wide
I
modest, simple
I
advanced, cultured, educated, sophisticated

I
expen-
sive, extravagant
I
eccentric, esoteric, strange
I
ac-
quired, natural
Art is an acquired taste-no one
is
born
knowing that Michelangelo
is
wonderful.
I
natural
I
local, national
I
modern
I
personal, private
I
aesthet-
ic, artistic, literary, musical, reading, sexual
I
audi-
ence, consumer, contemporary, popular, public, West-
ern
Her music appeals topopular taste.

• VERB
+
TASTE have
Theyhaveatasteforadventure.
I
like, share
You obviously share her taste in reading.
I
ac-
quire, cultivate, develop, get
I
lose
I'oe lost my taste for
travelling. I
indulge
Now he
is
retired he has time to in-
dulge his tastes for writing and politics.
I
demonstrate,
display
Her choice of outfit demonstrated her tastefor the
outrageous.
I
appeal to, cater for, match, meet, satisfy,
suit a
range of hotels to suit all tastes and budgets
• TASTE
+

VERB lie
It all depends on where your tastes
lie.
I
change, differ, vary
Lifestyles differ and tastes vary.
• PREP. for your -
The theatre was too modern for my
taste.
to -
(=
according to how much of sth you want)
Add
salt and pepper to taste.
to your -
If fishing
is
not to your
taste, there are many other leisure activities on offer.
I
-for
People with
a
taste for complex plots will enjoy this book.
- inyoung people's tastes in music
• PHRASES a man/woman of ... tastes a
man of ad-
vanced tastes
a matter of (personal) taste
What type of bi-

cycle you should buy is very much
a
matter of personal
taste.
4
ability to make good choices
• ADJ. excellent, exquisite, good, great, impeccable
Her work is executed with impeccable taste.
I
appalling,
bad, deplorable, doubtful, dubious, poor, terrible
• VERB
+
TASTE reflect, show
The house reflected his
taste.
I
exercise
The designer has exercised good taste in
her use of differentfonts.
• PREP. in ... -
That joke was in very poor taste.
with-
The room had been decorated with great taste.
I -
in
She
has terrible taste in clothing.
• PHRASES an arbiter of taste
Contemporary arbiters of

taste dismissed his paintings as rubbish.
in the best/worst
possible taste
The love scenes are all done in the bestpos-
sible taste.
a lack of taste
The remark showed a deplorable
lack of taste.
a man/woman of taste, taste and decency
788
Thefilm was judged to offend against standards of public
taste and decency.
taste
verb
• ADV. strongly
The water tasted strongly of chemicals.
faintly, slightly
Thefish. tastedfaintly of garlic.
• PREP. like
Thefruit tasted rather like mango.
of
a cake
which tasted of almonds
• PHRASES taste awful/bitter/foul/horrible, taste deli-
cious/good/sweet/wonderful, taste funny
tasteful
adj.
• VERBS be
Most of thefurniture was quite tasteful.
• ADV. very

I
impeccably
I
quite
tatters
noun
• VERB
+
TATTERS lie in
(figurative) Her marriage now
lay in tatters.
I
hang in
Everywhere wallpaper hung in
tatters.
I
leave sth in
(figurative) an injury that left his
dreams in tatters
• PREP. in -
Her clothes were in tatters.
<>
(figurative) With
their plans now in tatters, they gave up.
• PHRASES rags and tatters
tattoo
noun
• VERB + TATTOO do
She's having
a

tattoo done on her
leg.
I
have
I
be covered in
His arms were covered in tat-
toos.
I
remove
I'oe decided toget my tattoo removed.
• TATTOO + NOUN parlour
taunt
noun
• ADJ. playground, racial/racist
• VERB
+
TAUNT hurl, shout
I
endure, face, suffer
He
had to endure the racist taunts of the crowd.
I
ignore
• TAUNT
+
VERB sting (sb into)
Their taunts stung him
into his best performancefor the team yet.
taunt

verb
• ADV. softly
'Running away?'he taunted softly.
• PREP. about
Some of the girls taunted her about her
weight.
with
The other children taunted him with nick-
names.
taut
adj.
• VERBS be, feel, look
I
become, go
Her body went as
taut as a bowstring.
I
remain, stay
Exercise helps your
muscles to stay taut.
I
pull sth, stretch sth
His skin was
stretched taut over his cheekbones.
I
hold sth, keep sth
Try to keep the lead taut, as it will help your puppy to
learn.
• PREP. with
(figurative) a voice taut with anger

tax
noun
• ADJ. high, low
I
direct, indirect
I
basic, basic-rate,
higher-rate
I
progressive, redistributive
I
regressive
A
regressive tax, like thepoll tax, takes proportionately more
of
o
poor person's income.
I
windfall
Thepriuatized utiiity
companies may befaced with a windfall tax on theprofits
of the last few years.
I
back
(informal) The tax office de-
manded £80000 in back taxes.
I
council, poll
I
capital,

capital gains, income, inheritance, land, profits, prop-
erty, savings, wealth
I
consumption, purchase, sales,
value added
(=
VAT)
I
capital transfer, investment
I
company, corporation
I
car, road, vehicle
It's time to
renew your car tax.
J
carbon, energy, fuel, petrol
I
ex-
cise, import
• VERB
+
TAX pay
I
impose, introduce, levy, put
Dir-
ect taxes could only be levied with the consent of Parlia-
ment.
o
The government may put an indirect tax on books.

I
collect
the government department responsible for col-
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lecting taxes
I
deduct
Your employer will deduct the tax
for you.
I
increase, put up, raise
I
cut, lower, reduce
I
abolish
I
overpay
I
reclaim
I
offset sth against,
set/write sth off against
Claims for expenses can beset off
against tax.
I
avoid, escape
I
evade
She was charged
with conspiracy to evade taxes.

• TAX
+
VERB go up, increase, rise
Taxes look set to
rise again.
I
come/go down, fall
I
be chargeable, be
payable
the amount on which capital gains tax ispayable
• TAX
+
NOUN payer (also taxpayer)
a higher-rate tax
payer
I
authority/authorities, office, man (also taxman)
(informal) She owes the taxman £10000.
I
law, legisla-
tion, measures, policy, reform, structure, system
I
period, year
The tax year begins in April.
I
cut, increase
I
band, bracket, rate, threshold
Her salary puts her in the

highest tax band.
I
revenue, yield
I
assessment, form,
return
You have tofill in your tax return by tomorrow.
I
advantage, allowance, benefit, break, concession,
credit, exemption, incentive, perks, rebate, refund, relief
There are tax advantages to working freelance.
0
You will
only receive tax relief on the first £30000.
I
affairs, ar-
rangements
His tax affairs are under investigation by the
police.
I
avoidance
I
loophole
Her accountant was good
at exploiting tax loopholes.
I
dodge, evasion, fraud
He
gave the Porsche to his mother as a tax dodge.
I

dodger
I
exile
She
is
living as a tax exile in Monaco.
I
haven
The is-
land
is
a popular tax haven for the very rich.
I
collector,
consultant, inspector
I
bill, charge, invoice, payment
I
arrears
He was ordered topay
$2
million in tax arrears.
I
liability
an increase in tax liability on company cars
I
bur-
den
putting a new tax burden on the middle classes
I

base
By broadening the tax base
(= making more people pay
tax)
the chancellor could raise more revenues.
• PREP. after/before-
Profits after tax were £262000.
in-
Collectively, smokers pay over £15 000a day in tax.
I-
on
introducing a 60% tax on alcohol
• PHRASES for tax purposes
the rules for deciding on
someone's residence status for UK tax purposes
(the
basic/higher) rate of tax
an increase in the basic rate of
tax
tax
verb
• ADV heavily
Many self-employed people are heavily
taxed.
0
goods which are most heavily taxed
I
lightly
• PREP. according to
Drinks would be taxed according to

their alcoholic strength.
at
Many goods were taxed at
17.5%.
on
You will be taxed on all your income.
taxable
adj.
• VERBS be
I
become
I
remain
I
make sth
• ADV fully
Where payments exceed these limits they be-
comefully taxable.
taxation
noun
• ADJ. excessive, heavy, high
the heavy taxation on
smokers and drinkers
I
low
I
direct, indirect
I
progres-
sive, redistributive

I
company, corporate, general,
local, personal
changes in corporate taxation
• QUANT. level, rate
apromise to lower the overall level of
taxation
• VERB
+
TAXATION increase, put up, raise
If the gov-
ernment raises direct taxation, it will lose votes.
I
cut,
lower, reduce
I
avoid
I
be exempt from
Any profits
made are totally exemptfroni taxation.
• TAXATION
+
NOUN policy,system
I
rate
• PREP. after/before -
The loss before taxation was
$2.7
million.

from/out of -
The hospital was funded from tax-
ation.
through -
thepower to raisefunds through taxation
I -
on
increased taxation on oil companies
• PHRASES the burden of taxation
reducing the heavy
burden of taxation on the wealthy
a form of taxation
The
poll tax was a very unpopular form of taxation.
for tax-
789
teach
ation purposes
They were treated as a married couplefor
taxation purposes.
taxi
noun
• VERB
+
TAXI go by, take
I took a taxi back home.
I
call (sb), get (sb), order (sb), phone for
I'll get my secre-
tary to call you a taxi.

I
find
Wehad some difficulty find-
ing a taxi.
I
catch, hail
Wecaught a taxi to the airport.
I
get into/out of
I
drive
I
pay for/off
I
share
• TAXI
+
NOUN cab
I
firm
I
ride
I
service
I
fare
I
driver
I
rank

• PHRASES by-
afioe-minute trip by taxi
taxing
adj.
• VERBS be, prove
I
become
• ADV. very
I
fairly
I
intellectually, physically
There
was nothing intellectually taxing about the course.
tea
noun
1drink
• ADJ. fresh
There's some fresh
(= just made)
tea in the
pot.
I
stewed (= very strong), strong
I
weak
I
cold, hot,
lukewarm, scalding
I

milky
I
white (usually after tea)
T
II
have tea-white, no sugar, please.
I
black
I
sugary,
sweet
I
(early) morning
I
decaffeinated
I
fragrant
I
China/Chinese, Indian, etc.
I
Earl Grey, green
I
fruit,
herb/herbal
I
camomile, jasmine, lemon, mint, etc.
I
iced
• QUANT. cup, flask, mug, pot
• VERB

+
TEA drink
I don't drink tea.
I
have
I
sip,
swallow
She sipped her hot tea slowly.
I
take a mouth-
ful/sip of
I
brew, get (sb), make (sb), mash
I'll make you
some tea.
I
bring sb, dispense
(often humorous),
ply sb
with
(humorous),
serve (sb), take sb
r IIbring you a cup of
tea in afeu: minutes.
0
John rushed around dispensing tea
and cakes to everyone. I
pour(sb) (out)
Pour meouta cup

of teaplease.
I
stir
• TEA
+
VERB brew, mash
You haven't let the tea brew
long enough.
I
cool
• TEA
+
NOUN pot (also teapot), urn
I
cosy
I
service,
set
a bone china tea service
I
tray, trolley
A lady comes
round the office with a tea trolley in the afternoon.
I
bar,
garden, room, shop
The hospital tea bar
is
run by volun-
teers.

I
boy
(offensive when used of an older man),
lady
I
drinker, drinking
I
break
I
party
I
ceremony
• PREP. in your-
Doyou take sugar in your tea?
• PHRASES tea and coffee, tea and biscuits/cake/
cakes/sandwiches/scones, tea and sympathy
He tried
to alleviate their disappointment by inviting them in for
tea and sympathy.
tea for two
'Tea for two', said
Mary,
'and a slice of your delicious chocolate cake.'
tea or coffee
Would you like tea or coffee?
tea-making facilities
All
rooms have tea-making facilities.
2 leaves for making tea
• ADJ. loose(=teathatisnotinbags)

• QUANT. packet
• VERB
+
TEA
grow
• TEA
+
VERB grow
• TEA
+
NOUN leaf
I
bag
I
caddy
I
strainer
I
estate,
plantation
I
chest
He stores his books in a tea chest.
3meal
• ADJ. afternoon, cream, high
I
birthday, funeral
• TEA
+
NOUN things

I cleared away the tea things.
q
Note atMEAL (for verbs)
teach
verb
• ADV. effectively
information which helps the teacher
teach more effectively
• VERB
+
TEACH try to
trying to teach my daughter to
behave
I
be qualified to
I am not qualified to teach this
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teacher
subject.
I
be designed to
training courses designed to
teach managerial techniques
I
help (to), help sb (to)
• PREP.
about
teaching children about the world around
them
to

She teaches English to Polish students.
teacher
noun
• ADJ.
competent, good, inspired, skilled
I
bad, in-
competent
I
qualified
I
experienced
I
inexperienced
I
sympathetic
I
senior
I
head
I
fellow
I
former
I
fe-
male, woman
I
male
I

full-time, part-time
I
supply,
support
I
peripatetic
I
college, primary (school),
school, secondary (school), Sunday school, university
I
class/classroom
I
remedial
I
non-specialist, special-
ist I language I SUbject
I
art, EFL, English, history,
maths, music, PE, woodwork, etc.
I
spiritual
• VERB + TEACHER
train
I
find (sb)
• TEACHER
+
VERB
teach sth
I

work with sb
teachers
working with pupils with special educational needs
• TEACHER
+
NOUN
education, training
She's been ac-
cepted at Bath Teacher Training College.
I
trainer
I
as-
sociation, union
He ischairman of the Parent Teacher As-
sociation.
I
shortage
q
Note atJOB
teaching
noun
1work/profession of a teacher
• ADJ.
effective, good
I
poor
I
classroom
a system

that rewards good classroom teaching
I
whole-class
I
individual, one-to-one
I
collaborative, team
I
mixed-
ability
I
formal, traditional
theformal teaching of gram-
mar
I
creative, experimental
I
remedial, support
I
academic, college, graduate, postgraduate, primary,
school, secondary, undergraduate, university
I
Eng-
lish, language, music, etc.
• VERB
+
TEACHING
get/go into
He's going to go into
teaching.

• TEACHING
+
NOUN
method, strategy, style, tech-
nique
I
aid, material, resource
She used puppets as
teaching aids.
I
aim, objective, point
Write each teaching
point on the whiteboard.
I
ability, skills
I
experience,
qualification
Applicants must hold a recognized teaching
qualification.
I
job, post
I
career
Mr Murphy retired at
the end of a 30-yearteaching career.
I
practice
You have to
do six weeks teaching practice as part of the course.

I
staff,
profession
They have left the teaching profession,
demoralized and undervalued. I
commitments, duties,
load, responsibilities, role
Lecturers who have heavy
teaching loads.
I
centre, establishment, institution
I
environment, situation
a teaching environment where
English is not thefirst language
I
programme, session,
term, year
Work experience is integrated into the teaching
programme.
0
The teaching year runs from October to
May.
I
time
Critics say that these tests waste teaching
time.
I
hospital
• PREP.

in-
Tve been in teaching for ten years.
• PHRASES
an approach to teaching
the modern ap-
proach to language teaching
a method/style of teaching
2 ideas and beliefs that are taught by sb
• ADJ.
ancient, traditional
I
biblical, moral, religious
I
Buddhist, Christian, etc.
• VERB
+
TEACHING
follow
Hefollouied the teachings of
the Koran on this subject.
I
reject
I
explain, interpret
I
pass on, spread
the disciples who passed on Jesus's teach-
ing
I
base sth on

the great moral teachings on which our
culture is based .
• PREP.
in the -
regarded as the source of goodness in the
teachings of Confucius
I -
about/on
the Church's teach-
ing onforgiueness
team
noun
1group of people who play a sport together
• ADJ.
home
I
away, opposing, rival, visiting
I
decent,
790
strong
I
successful, winning
I
weak
I
dream
The Eng-
land manager has chosen his dream team for the World
Cup.

I
junior, senior, youth
I
under-16, etc.
I
A, B, first,
second, etc.
I
international, local, national
I
England,
Ireland, Scotland
I
French, Irish, etc.
I
basketball, foot-
ball, relay, etc.
I
display
the Army Parachute Display
Team
I
five-man, five-person, five-strong, five-woman
Spain arefielding a three-man team in this race.
I
men's,
mixed, women's
• VERB
+
TEAM

field, have
I
choose, get together, or-
ganize, pick, put together
Can you get a team together by
Saturday?
I
coach, manage
I
be in/on, play in/for
I'm.
playing for thefirst team this week.
I
be called up to, be
selected for, get into/onto, make
Cole has been selected
for the team to meet Italy next week.
0
You didn't make the
team,
I'm.
afraid.
I
be dropped from, be left out of
I
join,
sign for
I
play (against)
I

lead
I
support
• TEAM
+
VERB
compete (in sth), take part (in sth)
The
team competes in a local league.
0
There are six teams tak-
ingpart.
I
win (sth)
Ilose(sth)Ourteamlostthejinal.
• TEAM
+
NOUN
game, sport
I
captain, coach, man-
ager, mate
(also
teammate)
He apologized to his
teammatesfor his mistake.
I
championship, event, prize
I effort, performance I selection I talk
The manager

gives his team talks in English.
I
sheet
(=
the list of play-
ers chosen for the team)
• PREP.
in/on a/the-
T 11have you on thefirst team.
I
-for
She's in the teamfor the World Championships.
q
Special page at SPORT
2group of people who work together
• ADJ.
joint
a joint team of French and German econo-
mists
I
five-strong
I
husband and wife
I
campaign,
creative, design, development, editorial, investigation,
management, marketing, production, project, research,
sales
a member of the senior management team
I

legal,
medical
I
multidisciplinary
I
rescue
• VERB
+
TEAM
build, form, train
Willing volunteers
formed teams of helpers to carry everything in.
0
a special-
ly trained team of counsellors
I
lead, head, manage, run
I
join
She has recently joined our sales team.
I
work (to-
gether) as
learning to work together as a team
• TEAM + VERB
comprise sb, consist of sb
The team
consisted of six investigators and two secretaries.
I
de-

velop sth, operate, work on/with sth
the team that de-
veloped this microchip
0
The team will work closely with
other government departments.
• TEAM
+
NOUN
leader, member I
player(informal)(=
sb who works well as part of a team)
I
meeting
I
ap-
proach
I
building, development
The survival course was
intended as a team building exercise.
I
spirit
I
effort
It
took a tremendous team effort tofinish. theproject on time.
• PREP.
inalthe-Thereare20peopleintheteam.
I-ofa

team of scientists
• PHRASES
a member of a team, part of a team
teamwork
noun
• ADJ.
effective, good
• VERB
+
TEAMWORK
emphasize, encourage
The
company says the aim is to encourage teamwork.
• PREP.
through-
achieving our success through effective
teamwork
tear"
/tIa(r)/
noun
• ADJ.
angry, bitter, emotional
There were angry tears
in Lily's eyes.
I
burning, fresh, hot, salty, scalding
Her
eyes were blinded by scalding tears.
I
genuine, real

I
crocodile
(figurative)
(=
insincere)
They weep crocodile
tears for the poor and disadvantaged but are basically
happy with things as they are.
I
great, huge, large
I
sin-
gle, solitary
I
silent
I
helpless, sudden, uncontrollable
I
unshed
His eyes were bright with unshed tears.
• VERB
+
TEAR
cry, shed, weep
She wept silent tears
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when she heard his name.
<)
ijigurative) I won't shed any
tears when Frank retires.

I
dry, wipe (away) I picked the
little girl up and helped dry her tears.
<)
She wiped a tear
from her eye.
I
blinklchoke/fight/hold back He had to
fight back tears of frustration.
I
break down in, burst
into She broke down in tears in court. I move/reduce sb
to His father's angry shouting reduced the little boy to
tears.
I
brim/fill with His eyes filled with sudden tears.
I
end in ijigurative)(=
to have an unhappy result)
• TEAR
+
VERB
appear, brim in your eyes, brim over,
come, fill your eyes, form, gather, spring into/to your
eyes, start, well (up) Her tears brimmed over and fell on
her cheek.
<)
He could never read the letter without tears
coming to his eyes.
I

course/pour/roll/run/slide/trickle
down sth, drip
into/onto
sth, fall, flow, overflow, stream
A single tear rolled slowly down her cheek.
I
stand Tears
stood in Oliver's eyes.
I
blur sth, cloud sth Tears blurred
his vision.
I
burn (sth), prick (at/in) sth, sting your eyes
Shefelt tears pricking her eyelids.
I
dry (up)
• PREP.
in-s He came to me in tears. through your-s She
tried tosmile through her tears.
I
-for He shed no tearsfor
his lostyouth. - of tears of happiness - over It turned out to
bea lot of tears over nothing.
• PHRASES
bring tears to your eyes It brings tears to
your eyes tosee the children having such.fun. close/near to
tears More than once I came near to tears. a flood/floods
of tears Wewere infloods of tears at the end of the film. a
mist of tears I saw it all through a mist of tears. on the
verge of tears, tears in your eyes, too deep for tears

There are times when suffering may be toodeepfor tears.
tear
2
/tea(r)/
noun
• VERB
+
TEAR
have
I
make
I
mend
• PREP.
-in
This sheet has a tear in it.
• PHRASES
wear and tear
(=
the damage to objects, fur-
niture, etc. that is the result of normal use)
tear
3
/tea(r)/
verb
• ADV.
badly His clothes were badly torn.
I
easily
Careful-s-the fabric tears very easily.

I
almost, nearly The
storm nearly tore the roof off
I
apart, off, out, up The dogs
tore the fox apart.
0
ijigurative) We tore the other team
apart in the second half.
• VERB
+
TEAR
threaten to
• PREP.
from I tore another sheet from the pad. off She
tore the label off the suitcase.
on
She tore her skirt on a
nail. out of Several pages had been torn out of the book.
• PHRASES
tear free/loose She tore herself free.
o
One
error and he would have been torn loose and hurled over-
board by the squalling wind. tear sth in half/two She tore
thepiece ofpaper in half.tear sb limb from limb He threat-
ened to tear me limb from limb. tear sth open She tore the
letter open. tear sth to pieces/shreds (often figurative)
The critics tore his lastfilm to shreds.
tearful

adj.
• VERBS
be, feel, look, seem, sound She sounded angry
and tearful.
I
become, get Hesuddenly became very tear-
ful.
I
leave sb Defeat left her tearful, pale and drained.
• ADv.
very
I
almost
l
felt quite emotional---almost tear-
ful.
I
a bit, a little, rather
tease
verb
• ADV.
mercilessly
I
a little, gently, lightly
• VERB
+
TEASE
used to
• PREP
about His friends used to tease him about his

tatty clothes. with They teased her mercilessly with re-
marks about her weight.
• PHRASES
be just/only teasing Don't get upset, I was
only teasing.
791
technology
technical
adj.
• VERBS
be, sound
I
become, get The conversation
was getting a bit technical for me, so I left them to it.
• ADv.
extremely, highly, very A lot of the discussions
were highly technical. I purely This is a purely technical
problem.
I
a bit, quite, rather, somewhat
technicality
noun
• ADJ.
complex
I
legal
• VERB
+
TECHNICALITY
understand

I
discuss, go
into I don't want togo into all the technicalitiesjust now.
• PREP.
on a -
(=
because of a technicality)
The court
toasforced to releasehim on a technicality.
technician
noun
• ADJ.
chief, senior
I
skilled
I
inexperienced
I
quali-
fied
I
trainee
I
lab/laboratory
I
architectural
I
dental
I
computer

I
lighting, sound He works as a sound techni-
cian in a recording studio.
• VERB
+
TECHNICIAN
train a need to train technicians
in computer aided engineering
qNoteatJOB
technique
noun
• ADJ.
effective, powerful, useful
I
basic, simple
I
conventional, established, standard, traditional
I
ad-
vanced, modern, sophisticated
I
ingenious
I
alterna-
tive, experimental
I
assessment, communication, dat-
ing, evaluation, exam/examination, farming, interview,
management, manufacturing, marketing, problem-
solving, recording, relaxation, research, sales, teach-

ing, training She needs to work on her interview technique
If she's going to get a job.
I
analytical, mathematical,
medical, photographic, scientific, statistical, surgical
• VERB
+
TECHNIQUE
have He has an ingenious tech-
nique for dealing with problems of that sort.
I
adopt, ap-
ply, deploy, employ, implement, try, use On the walls I
applied the same technique as I had used for the ceiling. I
develop, devise, pioneer The technique was pioneered in
California.
I
acquire, learn, master, practise struggling
to master the new technique
I
adapt, improve, perfect,
work at/on
I
demonstrate, describe
• TECHNIQUE
+
VERB
allow sth, enable sth Modern
freezing techniques enable the chickens to be stored for
weeks.

I
work The new technique works better than the
one it has replaced.
I
be based on sth, be derived from
sth singing techniques derivedfrom Tibetan music
• PREP.
-for techniques for the storage of data - in They
learn basic techniques in self-defence.
technology
noun
• ADJ.
current, existing, present-day
I
emerging, the
latest, modern, new small businesses that are involved
with emerging technologies
I
basic, low
I
advanced,
complex, high, leading-edge, sophisticated, state-of-
the-art, up-to-date, white-hot
I
alternative, innovative
a
car based on alternative technology
I
efficient
I

commu-
nication/communications, computer, digital, energy,
information, management, manufacturing, nuclear,
production, software, telecommunications
I
educa-
tional, environmental, medical, military
• VERB
+
TECHNOLOGY
have We now have the tech-
nologies to transplant limbs.
I
adopt, apply, employ, ex-
ploit, introduce, take advantage of, use exploiting exist-
ing technologies more fully
I
create, develop, improve
I
be based on a car engine based on technology developed
for aeroplanes
I
invest in The company is investing heav-
ily in new technologies.
• TECHNOLOGY
+
VERB
develop Telecommunications
technology isdevelopingfast.
I

allow sth, enable .sth This
technology enables computers to read handwriting.
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tedious
• PREP. -for
the technology for the extraction of iron ore
• PHRASES advances in technology
recent advances in
medical technology
the impact of (a) technology, sci-
ence and technology
tedious
adj.
• VERBS be, look, seem, sound
I
become, get
Her
visits were starting to get a bit tedious.
I
make sth
I
find
sth
Hefound committee meetings extremely tedious.
• ADV. extremely, incredibly, very
I
almost
I
a bit, a lit-
tle, pretty, rather, somewhat

teenager
noun
• ADJ. older, young
a young teenager of fourteen
I
diffi-
cult, rebellious
I
spirited
I
gauche, gawky
teens
noun
• ADJ. early
a girl in her early teens
I
late
I
mid
• VERB
+
TEENS reach
He didn't want to share a room
with his brother once he reached his teens.
• PREP. during your -
His parents divorced during his
teens.
in your -
All my children are in their teens.
since

your-
She's had skin problems since her teens.
teetotal
adj.
• VERBS be
I
become
I
remain
• ADV. strictly
I'm.
strictly teetotal.
telecommunications
noun
• ADJ. global, international, national, world
I
public
a
public telecommunications system
I
digital
• TELECOMMUNICATIONS
+
NOUN infrastructure,
link, network, services, system
modernizing their postal
and telecommunications networks
I
equipment, prod-
ucts, satellite, technology

I
company, firm, giant (infor-
mats.
group, operator
Japan's telecommunications giant,
NTT
I
business, industry, market, sector
telegram
noun
• ADJ. congratulatory
• VERB
+
TELEGRAM send (sb)
I
get, receive
• TELEGRAM
+
VERB arrive, come
• PREP. -from,
-eto
telephone
noun
• ADJ. pay, puonc
I
office, private
The office telephones
were all out of order.
I
cellular, cordless, mobile, port-

able
I
radio, satellite
• VERB
+
TELEPHONE use
Can I use your telephone?
I
be on Don't pester me noto-i-I'm on the telephone.
0
We're
not on the telephone, so you'll have to come round to the
house.
I
answer, get
(informal),
pick up
Hang on-Fll
just get the telephone.
I
hang up, put down
She put down
the telephone and burst into tears.
I
leave/take off the
hook
Fve been trying to phone him all day-he must have
left his telephone off the hook.
I
be wanted on

The waiter
came to tell
me
I was wanted on the telephone.
I
call sb to
He was called to the telephone just as he was leaving.
I
bug, tap
I
connect, install
I
disconnect
• TELEPHONE
+
VERB ring, shrill
The telephone was
ringing furiously.
0
The telephone shrilled into the silence.
I
be off the hook
• TELEPHONE
+
NOUN number
I
book, directory
I
bill
I

call, message
I
conversation, enquiry, interview,
query, survey
I
contact
She is in telephone contact with
headquarters.
I
helpline, hotline, support
The charity
has set up a 24-hour telephone help line.
I
company
I
banking, marketing, service
I
charges
I
cord, headset,
receiver
I
cable, exchange, line, network, switchboard,
792
system, wire
I
box, kiosk
I
voice
A good telephone voice

can do much to improve the temper of irate callers.
• PREP. by-
Can Iget in touch by telephone?
on the-
She
sounded very distant on the telephone.
over the -
I don't
want to talk about this over the telephone.
telescope
noun
• ADJ. powerful
I
26-metre, 60-millimetre, etc.
I
astro-
nomical, optical, radio, space
images from the Hubble
space telescope
• VERB
+
TELESCOPE use
I
look at sth with/without,
see sth with/without
stars that cannot be seen without a
telescope
I
look (at sth) through, view sth through
I

set
up
She set up her telescopeon the balcony.
I
build
building
the largest telescope in the world
• PREP. through a/the-
• PHRASES the wrong end of a telescope
Hefelt as if
he
wereseeing things through the wrong end of a telescope.
televise
verb
• ADV. nationally
a nationally televised debate
I
live
television
noun
• ADJ. cable, closed-circuit, digital, high-definition,
satellite, terrestrial
I
commercial, state
I
local, nation-
al
I
live
Millions watched the events on live television.

I
black-and-white, colour
I
portable
• VERB
+
TELEVISION watch
The children watched
teleoisionfor most of the evening.
• TELEVISION
+
VERB broadcast sth, screen sth
The
state television screened pictures of the trial.
• TELEVISION
+
NOUN chat show, comedy, documen-
tary, drama, film, news, programme, series, show
I
de-
bate, interview
I
advert/advertisement, commercial
I
audience, viewer
I
personality, presenter
I
actor, dir-
. ector

I
character
I
cameraman, crew
I
journalist
I
ap-
pearance
She recalled herfirst television appearance forty
years ago.
I
career
I
coverage, exposure
The Olympics
receive extensive television coverage.
I
adaptation
a tele-
vision adaptation of the popular novel
I
camera
I
aerial
I
channel, network, station
I
licence
I

business, com-
pany, industry, service
I
monitor, receiver, set
I
screen
I
aerial
• PREP. in -
She works in television.
in front of the -
He
spends hours infront of the television every night.
on -
We
were watching the news on television.
tell
verb
1give sb information
• ADV. bluntly, curtly, flatly
She told
me
bluntly it was my
oumfault.
I
gravely
I
smugly
I
truthfully

I
falsely
• VERB
+
TELL wanllo
I
be going to
I was going to tell
you-Ijustdidn'tget round to it.
I
try to
I
hatetoIhateto
tell you, but the car's a write-off
I
let
sbItried to tell them
but they wouldn't let me.
• PREP. about
I never told him about the money.
of
No one
had told her of the dangers.
to
He told the story to all his
friends.
2arder sb
• ADV. firmly, sternly
'Calm down,' he told herfirmly.
temper

noun
1tendency to become angry easily
• ADJ. bad, fierce, fiery, nasty, terrible, vicious, violent
I
uncontrollable
• QUANT. display, fit, flash, outburst
He broke the chair
in afit of violent temper.
• VERB
+
TEMPER have
He has a nasty temper.
I
con-
trol, keep
I only just managed to keep my temper with him.
I
fly into, lose
She loses her temper at the drop of a hat
(=
without good reason).
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• TEMPER + VERB
flare, rise
Tempers flared as the trat-
ficjam became worse.
I
cool (down)
• TEMPER + NOUN
tantrum

• PREP. in a - She stormed out of the room in a temper.
• PHRASES
keep you temper in check/under control
He
had to learn to keep his temper under control before he
could become a teacher.
2way you are feeling
• ADJ.
bad, filthy, foul, ill, terrible
Peter's comments were
responsiblefor her ill temper.
I
good
I
frayed
Frayed tem-
pers at the end of the match led to three players being sent
of!
I
uncertain
• VERB
+
TEMPER
improve
I
recover, regain
She re-
gained her good temper after a chat.
• TEMPER + VERB
improve

I
fray, worsen
• PREP. in a - He stormed out of the room in a temper.
• PHRASES
not be in the best of tempers
I wasn't in the
best of tempers when I arrived at the meeting.
temperament
noun
• ADJ.
fiery, violent, volatile
I
brittle, fragile, highly-
strung
I
cool, equable, even, good, sanguine, unflap-
pable
I
docile
I
sunny
I
questionable, suspect, uncer-
tain
I
right, wrong
He doesn't have the right temperament
for the job.
I
nervous

I
romantic
I
artistic, scientific,
etc.
• VERB + TEMPERAMENT
have
• PREP.
by/in -
She was fiery by temperament.
of ... -
a
man of an equable temperament
• PHRASES
a display of temperament
He's given to dis-
plays of temperament
(=
he often behaved in an emotional
way).
temperamental
adj.
• VERBS
be, seem
I
become, get
• ADV
highly, very
Actors have the reputation of being
highly temperamental.

I
a bit, quite
temperature
noun
1how hot or cold sth is
• ADJ.
high, warm
Yesterday the town reached its highest
ever February temperature.
I
cold, cool, low, sub-zero
I
moderate
I
normal
I
extreme
Avoid exposing the instru-
ment to extreme temperatures.
I
boiling, freezing, melt-
ing
the boiling temperature of the solvent
I
maximum,
minimum
I
average, mean
I
constant, stable, steady

I
daytime
I
daily
I
summer, winter, etc.
I
April, July, etc.
I
global
The increase in the mean global temperature will
be about 0.3°e per decade.
I
air, sea, water, etc.
I
ambi-
ent, room
I
oven
I
body
I
surface
the surface tempera-
ture of our planet
• VERB
+
TEMPERATURE
have
Some places had tem-

peratures in the forties during the heat wave.
I
heat sth
to, raise
Heat the oven to a temperature of 200°C.
I
reduce
I
reach
I
control
I
expose sth to
• TEMPERATURE
+
VERB
go up, increase, rise
I
drop,
fall, go down, plummet
Overnight the temperature fell as
low as -30"C.
• TEMPERATURE
+
NOUN
conditions
I
change, differ-
ence, increase, rise
I

gradient, range, variation
a tem-
perature range of 6!J--74°FI
control, regulation
I
meas-
urement
I
gauge, sensor
• PREP. at - Serve the wine at room temperature. in a-
This plant grows well in temperatures above 55°R
I
- above/below/between, - of
The fish prefer a tempera-
ture of 24-27°C.
• PHRASES
a change/variation in temperature, a drop
in temperature, an increase/a rise in temperature, a
range of temperature
2fever
• ADJ.
high
I
slight
793
tenancy
• VERB
+
TEMPERATURE
have, run

She's running a
temperature.
I
take
The nurse produced a thermometer
and took my temperature.
I
bring down
They used ice
packs to bring down her temperature.
• TEMPERATURE
+
VERB
go up, rise
I
come down
• PREP.
-of
He's in bed with a temperature of 102.
temple
noun
1building used for worship
• ADJ.
great
the great temples of Egypt
I
ancient, clas-
sical
I
sacred

I
ruined
I
Buddhist, Hindu, etc.
I
hea-
then, pagan
• TEMPLE + NOUN
priest
• PREP.
in a/the -
They went topray in the temple.
2 part of the head
• ADJ.
left, right
I
throbbing
• PREP.
at sb's/the - s
He's greying at the temples.
in
sb's-e s There was a throbbing in her temples.
tempo
noun
1speed of an activity/event
• ADJ.
increasing
• VERB + TEMPO
increase, raise, step up
United

stepped up the tempo in the second half.
I
slow (down)
• TEMPO + VERB
quicken
I
slacken
I
change
• PHRASES
the tempo of life
They soon adapted to the
tempo of life on the island.
2speed of a piece of music
• ADJ.
fast, quick
I
slow
I
moderate
I
waltz, etc.
• VERB + TEMPO
change
• TEMPO + NOUN
indications, markings
• PREP.
at a ... -
They took the last movement at an un-
usually slow tempo.

temporary
adj.
• VERBS be The arrangement's only temporary.
• ADV.
very
I
strictly
I
relatively
I
only
tempt
verb
• VERB
+
TEMPT
could, may/might
I
try to
• PREP.
into
Charlotte was tempted into parting with £20
for the painting.
with
restaurants tempting us with dell-
ciouscakes
• PHRASES
be almost/half tempted
I was almost tempt-
ed to strip off and plunge straight into the pool.

be/feel
tempted
Did you ever feel tempted to cheat?
be serious-
Iy/severely/sorely/very tempted
She was sorely tempted
to throw the wine in hisface.
temptation
noun
• ADJ.
big, great, overwhelming, strong
I
constant
• VERB
+
TEMPTATION
feel, have
I had the constant
temptation to look out of the window.
I
avoid, overcome,
resist
I
give in/way to, succumb to, yield to
• PHRASES
in/out of temptation's way, place/put
temptation in sb's way
Keepyour valuables locked away
so
as not toput temptation in the way of thieves.

tenancy
noun
• ADJ.
weekly, yearly, etc.
I
life
I
shorthold
I
joint
I
assured, protected, secure
I
business, council, local
authority
• VERB + TENANCY
hold (sth on)
The tenancy is held in
joint names.
(>
The land was held on a yearly tenancy.
I
take over
I
grant (sb)
I
terminate
I
renew
I

create
shorthold tenancy created by the Housing Act of 1980
• TENANCY
+
VERB
end, expire
• TENANCY + NOUN
agreement
• PREP.
under a/the-
The club occupies the land under a
protected tenancy.
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tenant
tenant
noun
• ADJ.
current, existing, sitting
the sale of council houses
to sitting tenants
I
life
I
protected, secure
I
joint
I
po-
tential, prospective
I

business, council, council-
house, housing association, local authority, private
• VERB
+
TENANT
find
I
evict
• TENANT
+
VERB
occupy sth
The property is current-
ly occupied by a life tenant.
• TENANT
+
NOUN
farmer
• PHRASES
landlord and tenant
conflicts that might
arise between landlord and tenant
tend verb
• ADV.
carefully, lovingly
She lovingly tended her little
garden.
• PREP.
to He tended to her every need.
• PHRASES

well-tended
well-tended lawns
tendency
noun
• ADJ.
clear, great, marked, strong
I
slight
I
greater,
growing, increasing
There's a growing tendency for
women
to
marry later.
I broad, common, general
I
in-
built, inherent, innate, natural, underlying
I
alarming,
dangerous, unfortunate, worrying
The later model has
an unfortunate tendency to collapse after afeui weeks' use.
I
contradictory
I
centrifugal
The civil war reinforced the
centrifugal tendencies at work within the economy.

I
ag-
gressive, homicidal, suicidal, violent I artistic, crim-
inal, etc.
He displayed artistic tendencies at an early age.
I
homosexual, lesbian
• VERB
+
TENDENCY
have
I
display, reveal, show I
reinforce I curb, reduce
• PREP. -
among
a worrying tendency among the abused
to
become abusers
-for
There isa tendency for farm sizes to
increase. -
on the part of
The tendency on the part of the
children is to blame their parents for everything. - to-
wards
Industry showed a tendency towards increasingly
centralized administration.
tender
noun

• ADJ.
highest, lowest I successful I competitive
I
open, private, public
• VERB
+
TENDER
lodge, make, put in, submit I invite,
put sth out to, seek
Thegovernment invited tendersfor a
project to computerize the social security system.
0
The
laundry service was put out to competitive tender.
I
go out
to The building of the new school will go out to tender.
I
win
I
lose
I
accept
• TENDER
+
NOUN
offer I document, list I price
• PREP.
by-
The property is to besold by tender.

tender
adj.
1 kind and loving
• VERBS
be, feel, seem I become
• ADY
very I almost
Her expression became soft, almost
tender.
I
quite
• PREP.
towards
Hefelt tender and loving towards her.
2 soft and easy to cut/bite
• VERBS
be, seem
I
become
• ADV.
beautifully, very
This meat is beautifully tender.
I
just
Boil thepotatoes in salted water untiljust tender.
I al-
most I quite
3 painful when touched
• VERBS
be, feel, look

The back of my neckfeels very ten-
der.
I become
• ADY
very I rather, slightly
tenderness
noun
• ADJ.
extreme, great, infinite
I
unexpected
I
loving
794
• QUANT.
wave
Hefelt a brief wave of tenderness towards
his old teacher.
• VERB
+
TENDERNESS
feel
I
show
• PREP.
with (a) -
She spoke with loving tenderness.
I
-for/towards
Shefelt great tenderness for him.

• PHRASES
tenderness in sb's eyes/voice, etc.
There
was tenderness in hisface as he looked at her.
tendon
noun
• ADJ.
damaged, severed
I
Achilles
• VERB
+
TENDON
pull, sever, tear
• TENDON
+
NOUN
injury, trouble
I
operation, repair
tenement
noun
• ADJ.
crowded I crumbling, dilapidated, ruined, run-
down
I
four-storey, two-storeyed, etc.
• TENEMENT
+
NOUN

block, building, house,
hous-
ing,slum
• PREP.
in a/the
<tioing in a crowded tenement
tennis
noun
• ADJ.
men's, women's I junior I professional
I
inter-
national, world
I
competitive
Williams' return to com-
petitive tennis after injury
I
lawn, real
• QUANT.
game
• VERB
+
TENNIS
play
I
watch
• TENNIS
+
NOUN

ball, racket
I
dress, shoe, shorts
I
court, facilities I camp, centre, club I circuit, scene
She is a popular figure on the international tennis circuit.
I championship, competition, event, match, tourna-
ment
I
ace, champion, coach, legend, player, star
I
fan
I
commentator,journalist
I
career
q
Special page at
SPORT
tenor
noun
1 male singing voice/singer
• ADJ.
celebrated, famous, great
I
high
I
operatic
• VERB
+

TENOR
sing
Wepersuaded Jake
to
sing tenor
(=
sing the tenor part).
• TENOR
+
VERB
sing
Three celebrated tenors sang at
thepresident's inauguration.
• TENOR
+
NOUN
voice I part, solo I register
2 atmosphere/feeling
• ADJ.
even
Nothing ever changes the even tenor of life in
our village.
I
general, whole
The whole tenor of the meet-
ing was very positive.
tense
noun
• ADJ.
future, past, present I continuous, perfect, pro-

gressive, simple
thepresent simple tense
I verb
• VERB
+
TENSE
use I form
'Have' is the auxiliary
verb used toform perfect tenses.
• TENSE
+
NOUN
marker
I
system
• PREP.
in the ... -
In the sentence 'I stroked the cat',
'stroked' is in thepast tense.
tense
adj.
• VERBS
be, feel, look, seem, sound
I
become, get,
grow
The situation grew increasingly tense.
I
remain
• ADV.

extremely, incredibly, very I increasingly I a
bit, a little, rather
l
uiasfeeling a bit tense and restless.
• PREP.
about
There's no point in getting tense about the
situation.
tension
noun
1 inability to relax
• ADJ.
inner
I
emotional, muscle/muscular, nervous,
pre-menstrual, sexual
He suffersfrom nervous tension.
• VERB
+
TENSION
feel, suffer from
[feel some tension
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in my shoulders.
I
senseAs soon as he entered, hesensed a
tension in the air.
I cause, create I relieve I release
• TENSION
+

NOUN headache
• PREP. -
in
The hot bath eased the tension in his body.
• PHRASES a release of tension
Laughter can be agreat
release of tension.
a sign of tension
Horses are very sensi-
tive tosigns of tension in humans.
2 bad feeling between people, countries, etc.
• ADJ. considerable, great, high
More police have been
sent to areas of high political tension.
I
slight
I
growing,
heightened, increased, increasing, mounting
I
con-
stant
I
unresolved
I
renewed
I
ethnic, political, racial,
religious, social I communal, family, internal, inter-
national, national, regional

• VERB
+
TENSION cause, create, generate
I
defuse,
ease, reduce
She often used humour to defuse tension in
meetings.
I heighten
• TENSION
+
VERB build up, grow, increase, mount,
rise I ease I be palpable
• PREP. - among
The tension among the audience was
palpable. -
between
tension between local youths and the
police -
in/within
The redundancies caused greater ten-
sions within the company. -
over
There has been increased
tension over the border incident. -
with
renewed tension
with France
• PHRASES a source of tension
Money was always a

source of tension between her parents.
3 of rope, wire, etc.
• ADJ. string
• VERB
+
TENSION adjust
This old racket needs its
string tension adjusted.
I release
• PREP. in -
The metal is weak in tension.
under -
Stay
clear of cables which are under tension.
I -
on
The sudden
tension on the line told me I had hooked afish.
tent
noun
• ADJ. dome, ridge I lightweight I three-person, two-
person, etc.
I
makeshift
The refugees had been living in
makeshift tents for a year.
I
leaking, leaky I circus
I
beer, dining, luncheon, hospitality, mess, refreshment,

tea I cook, cookhouse, cooking
There was a long queue
of troops outside the cookhouse tent.
I
hospital
I
press
I
oxygen
• QUANT. row
• VERB
+
TENT erect, pitch, put up, set up
They
pitched their tent in a little clearing in the wood.
I
unzip,
zip shut/up
I
dismantle, take down
I
pack away/up
I
share
• TENT
+
VERB blow down, collapse
• TENT
+
NOUN camp, city

a tent city housing refugees
from the war
I door, flap, frame, opening, peg, pole,
rope,wall
• PREP in a/the-
• PHRASES the door/flap/roof of a tent
tenure
noun
1
holding an important position
• ADJ. life, long
I
brief, short
• VERB
+
TENURE have
She had a long tenure of office.
• PREP. during sb's -
He achieved a lot during his short
tenure.
• PHRASES a tenure of office
21egal right to occupy property/land
• ADJ. life, secure I fixed-period I housing, land
I
feudal, freehold
• PHRASES security of tenure
The tenants have security
of tenure.
3 right to remain permanently in your job
• ADJ. academic

• VERB
+
TENURE have
I
get I grant sb
She has been
granted tenure at Leeds University.
795
term
term
noun
1
word or group of words
• ADJ. specific
I
blanket, broad, general, generic
I
clear, precise
I
vague
I
ambiguous
I
strong
His objec-
tion was couched in the strongest terms.
I
mild
I
collo-

quial, slang
I
pejorative
'Swot' is a pejorative term for
someone who studies a lot.
I technical I clinical, legal,
medical, musical, etc.
• VERB
+
TERM use I be couched in I define, explain
I coin
The term 'acid rain' was coined in the nineteenth
century.
• TERM
+
VERB connote sth, denote sth, describe sth,
mean sth
I
apply to sth, be applied to sth, cover sth,
refer to sth
The term 'renewable energy' is applied.for ex-
ample, to energy derioing from solar radiation.
• PREP. -for
'Old man' is a slang term for 'father'.
-of
a
term of abuse! endearment
• PHRASES in glowing terms
The chairman spoke of the
achievements of the company in glowing terms.

in no un-
certain terms
Welet them know in no uncertain termsjust
how disappointed we were.
in simple terms
2 in ... terms showing what aspect of something you
are considering
• ADJ.
absolute, material, practical, real
Income has in-
creased in real terms by
5%.
I
relative
Iceland has had a
mild winter, in relative terms.
I
broad, general
I
con-
crete
I
abstract
I
international
I
cultural, economic, fi-
nancial, money, political, social, etc.
In money terms, the
event was a disaster.

3 (usually terms) of an agreementla relationship
• ADJ. favourable, unfavourable I express
the breach
of an express term in the contract
I
implied
I
contract,
credit, peace
• VERB
+
TERM dictate, negotiate, set
Our opponents
set the terms of the debate.
I
agree on
• PREP. under the -s of
Under the terms of the alliance,
Japan was not obliged to enter the war.
• PHRASES on amicable/friendly/good terms
The dis-
pute was resolved on amicable terms.
on equal terms
It is
a sport in which the top men and women can compete on
equal terms.
on familiar/first-name terms
I'm.
on first-
name terms with my boss.

on speaking terms
They
haven't been on speaking terms since they had that big
row.
terms and conditions
A wide range of accounts are
available, with varying terms and conditions.
4 period of a schoolluniversity year
• ADJ. college, school, university
I
autumn, spring,
etc.
I
teaching
• PREP during (the) -
It's hard to get away during term.
in the -
Wehave exams in the summer term.
• PHRASES the beginning/end of term
We have exams
at the end of term.
Speriod of time
• ADJ. long, short
a long term of imprisonment
I
full
(medical) The pregnancy went to full term
(=
lasted the
normal length of time). I fixed

The contract was for a
fixed term offioe years.
I jail, prison I presidential
• VERB
+
TERM serve
He served afioe-year prison term.
• TERM
+
VERB expire, run out
• PREP.
at-
(medical) Her baby was born at term.
• PHRASES in the long/medium/short term
In the long
term, our efforts will payoff
a term of imprisonment, a
term of office
The president was sworn in for his second
term of office.
a term of years
The lease isgrantedforaset
term ofyears.
term
verb
be termed
• ADV. aptly I accurately I broadly, loosely
I
common-
ly, generally

I
variously
This material is variously
termed ash, clinker, cinders or slag.
I euphemistically
• PREP. as
His condition would be more accurately
termed as 'chronicjatigue'.
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terminal
terminal
noun
1
place/building that handles goods/passengers
• ADJ. international
I
air/airport, bus, ferry, rail/rail-
way I passenger I .container, freight I coal, gas, etc.
• TERMINAL
+
NOUN bUilding
• PREP. at/in a/the -
Wemet up at the bus terminal.
2 computer equipment
• ADJ. colour
I
computer
I
network
I

display
• VERB
+
TERMINAL connect, disconnect
• TERMINAL
+
NOUN keyboard, screen, server
• PREP. at a/the -
There were two students at each termin-
al.
on a/the -
pressing keys on a terminal
terminate
verb
• ADV. abruptly, prematurely
His contract was abruptly
terminated.
I
swiftly
I
automatically
• VERB + TERMINATE be entitled to, be free to
• PHRASES the right to terminate sth
Either party has
the right to terminate the agreement.
termination
noun
1 ending of sth
• ADJ. early, premature
I

sudden
• TERMINATION
+
NOUN date
• PHRASES notice of termination
The landlord gave no-
tice of the termination of tenancy.
a termination of a con-
tract, termination of employment
You are required to
give the company six weeks' notice of termination of em-
ployment.
2
abortion
• ADJ. early
• VERB
+
TERMINATION have, undergo
She chose to
have an early termination.
• PHRASES a termination of (a) pregnancy
terminology
noun
• ADJ. modern
I
specialist, specialized, technical
I
computer, legal, medical, scientific, etc.
• VERB + TERMINOLOGY use
The article uses rather

specialized musical terminology.
I
borrow
I
standardize
• PREP. in ... -
The outer walls, in building terminology,
are 'double skin'.
terrace
noun
1 flat area of stone next to a restaurant, etc.
• ADJ. paved
I
covered
I
shaded
I
sunny
I
cafe, gar-
den, pool/poolside, roof/rooftop
I
sun, sunbathing
• VERB + TERRACE open onto
The dining room opens
onto apaved terrace.
• TERRACE + VERB overlook sth
The hotel has a roof
terrace overlooking the sea.
• TERRACE

+
NOUN bar, garden, restaurant
• PREP. on a/the-
There's a tablefree on the terrace.
2
line of joined houses
• ADJ. long
I
two-storey, three-storey, etc.
• TERRACE
+
NOUN house (also terraced house)
• PREP. in a/the-
Our house is in a long Victorian terrace
in north London.
• PHRASES a terrace of houses
3
(usually terraces) for growing crops on a hill
• ADJ. steep
I
cultivated
• VERB
+
TERRACE dig
The villagers had dug terraces
in the hillside.
terrain
noun
• ADJ. flat
I

hilly, mountainous, rocky, rough, rugged,
uneven
I
difficult, harsh, inhospitable
difficult terrain
for cycling
I
familiar
I
unknown
I
boggy, marshy
• VERB
+
TERRAIN cross, traverse
796
• PREP. across/over -
It took us the whole day to trek
across the rocky terrain.
terrible
adj.
• VERBS be, look, seem, sound
• ADV. really, truly
I thought something really terrible
had happened.
I
absolutely, just, quite, simply
He sud-
denly
collapsed-s-it

was simply terrible.
I
pretty, rather
I
not very
Nothing very terrible happened.
• PREP. for
It must have been terrible for the survivors.
terrified
adj.
• VERBS appear, be, feel, look, seem
• ADV. really, truly
I
absolutely, completely, quite, ut-
terly
I
pretty
I
clearly, obviously, plainly
I
secretly
• PREP. at
She was absolutely terrified at the thought of
jumping off the bridge.
of
He's terrified of spiders.
territory
noun
1
area of land that belongs to one country, etc.

• ADJ. vast
I
new
The explorers set off to conquer new
territories.
I
former
former French territories
I
neighbouring, surrounding
I
home, national
I
alien,
foreign, overseas I enemy, hostile I neutral I colonial,
dependent
I
sovereign
Troops were stationed on sover-
eign German territory.
I
conquered, lost, occupied
a
town in British-occupied territory
I
unoccupied
I
dis-
puted
I

familiar
I
uncharted, unexplored, unknown,
virgin
I
dangerous
• VERB
+
TERRITORY hold
I
annex, capture, conquer,
invade, occupy, recapture, take
I
control, govern, rule
The territory had been controlled by Azerbaijan for many
years.
I
cede, surrender
I
explore
(often figurative)
Tired of writing detective novels, she began to explore new
territory. I
settle
The territory was never densely settled.
I
enter
I
leave
I

overtly
The plane was shot down while
overflying enemy territory.
I
stray into
The soldiers
strayed into hostile territory.
2 of an animal
• ADJ. breeding
• VERB
+
TERRITORY defend, patrol
I
mark (out),
scent-mark
terror
noun
1
great fear
• ADJ. absolute, naked, pure, real, sheer
I
constant
• VERB + TERROR be filled with, feel, have,
shake/tremble with
He was filled with absolute terror at
the sight.
0
the sheer terror shefelt when she saw him
0
He

had a real terror of darkness.
I
bring, inspire, spread
The
explosion brought terror to hundreds of local residents.
0
He inspired terror in everyone he met.
I
live in
She lived in
terror of her father.
I
flee in
The shots sent the crowd flee-
ing in terror.
• PREP. from -
tremblingfrom terror and excitement
in-
He was found hiding in terror.
out of -
He cried out, out of
pure terror.
with -
Hisface was white with terror.
• PHRASES strike terror into (the heart of) sb
Its fear-
some appearance struck terror into their hearts.
2 violent action for political purposes
• ADJ. political
• VERB + TERROR resort to, use

The group has resort-
ed to terror to try toget what it wants.
I
give in to
• TERROR + NOUN campaign
I
tactics
I
gang, group
• PHRASES an act of terror
people who carry out acts of
terror
a campaign of terror
The bombing formed part of a
nationwide campaign of terror.
a reign of terror
The dicta-
tor's ten-year reign of terror left over 100000dead.
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terrorism
noun
• ADJ.
urban
I
international, organized, state
• VERB
+
TERRORISM
combat, fight
I

defeat
I
give in
to
This government will not give in to terrorism.
• TERRORISM
+
NOUN
campaign
• PREP.
-against
Public cooperation is vital in thefight
against terrorism.
• PHRASES
an act of terrorism
co:>
Note at
CRIME
(for more verbs)
terrorist
noun
• ADJ.
suspected
I
armed
I
international
The bomb at-
tacks have been attributed to a group of international ter-
rorists.

I
republican, right-wing, separatist, etc.
• TERRORIST
+
NOUN
band, faction, gang, group, or-
ganization, unit
I
act, action, activity, atrocity, attack,
bomb, bombing, campaign, explosion, incident, mur-
der, violence
an increase in terrorist activity
I
threat
I
target
Aircraft remain likely terrorist targets.
I
victim
I
charge, crime, offence
I
suspect
test
noun
1examination of sb's knowledge/ability
• ADJ.
demanding, difficult, gruelling
I
easy, simple

I
fair, good, objective
This type of exam does not provide a
fair test of the student's knowledge.
I
listening, oral, prac-
tical, written
I
cloze, multiple-choice
I
placement
He
scored well in the placement test and was put in the most
advanced class.
I
achievement, aptitude, endurance, in-
telligence, IQ, language, memory, mental, proficiency,
spelling
The recruits wereput through a week of gruelling
endurance tests.
I
driving
I
screen
Three actors out of a
hundred were chosenfrom the screen test.
• VERB
+
TEST
do, sit (for), take

I took my driving test
last week.
I
pass
I
fail
I
give, set
I
administer
I
mark
• TEST
+
NOUN
result I conditions
As a final practice
for the exam, they had to write two essays under test condi-
tions.
I
paper, questions
• PREP.
in a/the-
Some of the questions in the history test
were rather difficult.
I -
in
a test in mathematics
-on
a test

on the French Revolution
2experiment/medical examination
• ADJ.
exhaustive, extensive, rigorous, stringent, thor-
ough
I
statistical
I
empirical, experimental
I
field, la-
boratory
I
successful
I
negative, positive
I
medical
I
screening
screening tests for cancer
I
diagnostic
I
fo-
rensic
Forensic tests showed that the man had been poi-
soned.
I
eye, sight

I
hearing
I
blood,
DNA,
skin, urine
I
dope, drug/drugs
I
fitness
I
breath, breathalyser
I
smear
The government has launched a campaign aduis-
ing women of the need for regular smear tests.
I
HIV
I
pregnancy
I
personality, psychological, psychometric
I
lie-detector, polygraph
I
means
I
flight, road, safety
I
atomic, nuclear

I
alpha, beta
The revolutionary new
system goes into beta test this month.
• QUANT.
number, series
She underwent a series of
blood tests.
• VERB
+
TEST
have, undergo
I
do, carry out, con-
duct, perform, run
Rigorous safety tests are being carried
out on the new jet.
I
use
The test used in detecting the dis-
ease carries its own risks.
I
fail
Three athletes were sent
home afterfailing drugs tests.
• TEST
+
VERB
take place
I

confirm sth, indicate sth,
reveal sth, show sth
The urine test showed some sort of in-
fection.
I
prove negative/positive
I
come into force
The
new safety test came into force last month.
I
be designed
to a test designed to detect bowel cancer
• TEST
+
NOUN
result
a negative/positive test result
I
data I conditions
The machine refused to perform prop-
erly under test conditions.
I
bed
The company is using the
university data library as a test bedfor its new software.
I
site
protesters at nuclear test sites
I

facility
I
drive, flight,
797
testify
run
He's taken the car out on a test run.
I
driver, pilot
I
aircraft, car
I
trial
The new drink went down well in the
test trials.
I
methods, procedures
I
system
I
perform-
ance
I
subject
I
equipment, instruments, kit, machine
I
samples, substances
I
programme,schedule

I
phase,
stage
The software is still at the test stage.
I
session
Sub-
jects had to attend ten test sessions on dijJerent days.
I
cer-
tificate
The vehicle did not have a current test certificate at
the time of the accident.
I
case
This was the first action
taken by a cancer sufferer against a tobacco company, and
was seen as a test case.
• PREP.
-for
a testfor diabetes -
on
a test on the engine
3shows how good, strong, effective, etc. sb/sth is
• ADJ.
good
I
critical, crucial, key, real, supreme, true,
ultimate, vital
a real test of character

I
serious, severe,
stiff, tough
I
simple
I
objective
I
subjective
I
political
• VERB
+
TEST
pose
The calls for tax reform pose a
se-
vere testfor the government.
I
put sb/sth to
The latest pay
dispute has really put her management skills to the test.
I
face
The new prime minister isfacing his toughest po lit-
icaltest
so
far.
• TEST
+

NOUN
case
• PHRASES
the acid test
(=
a way of deciding whether
sth is successful or true)
Whether he would accept a pay
cut would be the acid test of his loyalty to the company.
stand the test of time
Whether this new technology will
stand the test of time remains to be seen.
test
verb
1examine sth to find out if it is working/what it is like
• ADV.
adequately, properly
The product had not been
adequately tested before being put on the market.
I
rigor-
ously
I
extensively
I
exhaustively, fully, thoroughly
I
regularly, routinely
Youshould testyour brakes regularly.
I

directly
I
empirically, experimentally
the importance
of empirically tested research
I
formally
I
successfully
The exercise successfully tested the procedures/or dealing
with a serious oil spillage.
I clinically, dermatologically
lout
a good way to test out his hypothesis
• VERB
+
TEST
decide to
We decided to test the theory
experimentally.
I
attempt to, seek to, try to
I
be de-
signed to, be intended to
I
be used to
I
be difficult to
It

is difficult to test a potential cure when a disease is ill-
defined.
• PREP.
for
Squeeze the fruit to test for ripeness.
on
We
only sellproducts that have not been tested on animals.
• PHRASES
have sth tested
I'rn having my eyes tested
this week.
test negative/positive
Two of the athletes tested
positiuefor illegal drugs.
test sth to the limit
The training
tested his body to the very limit.
tried and tested
tried and
tested techniques
2 require all sb's strength/ability/resources, etc.
• ADV.
seriously, severely, sorely
Neither goalkeeper
was seriously tested in a rather poor match.
0
There were
times when my temper was sorely tested.
testament

noun
• ADJ.
fine, fitting, worthy
• VERB
+
TESTAMENT
bear
The immaculate state of the
garden bears testament to a lifetime's effort.
• PREP.
-to
The monument is a worthy testament to the
courage of the men whofought in the war.
testify
verb
• VERB
+
TESTIFY
be prepared to, be willing to
I
be
unwilling to, refuse to
I
call sb to, force sb to
The presi-
dent's former aides werecalled to testify at his trial.
• PREP.
against
She refused to testify against her brother.
before

She was unwilling to testify before Congress.
for
a
Mafia member who was prepared to testify for the author-
ities
to
A senior officer testified to the existence of police
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testimony
hit squads.
<)
A large number of witnesses testified to the
tribunal.
• PHRASES testify in court
testimony
noun
1formal statement that sth is true
• ADJ. reliable
I
false
I
oral, sworn, verbal, written
I
eyewitness, personal
I
expert
I
court, trial
a transcript
of the trtal testimony

• VERB
+
TESTIMONY give
I
hear
• PREP by your-
He had by hts own testtmony taken part
in the burglary.
in -
In testimony before the Crown Court,
she described her movements on the day of the murder.
I
- about
The witness was called to give oral testimony
about the incident outside the theatre. -
against
The court
heard her testimony against the accused. -
before
2 proof
• ADJ. ample, clear, eloquent, powerful, remarkable,
striking
• VERB
+
TESTIMONY bear, stand as
• PREP.
-jo
His thick, swollen fingers bore testimony to a
lifetime of toil.
text

noun
1writing in a book/newspaper, on a computer, etc.
• ADJ. complete, full
The newspaper printed thefull text
of the interview.
I
draft
I
final
I
original
I
main
The il-
lustrations are printed separately from the main text.
I
accompanying
The catalogue consists of colour reproduc-
tions of thepaintings with accompanying text.
I
electron-
ic, handwritten, printed, typewritten, written
• QUANT. block, body, chunk, line, page, piece, portion
Hand symbols in the main body of the text cross-refer the
reader to the appendices.
<)
Usethe mouse to move chunks
of textfrom place toplace.
• VERB
+

TEXT create, draft, write
I
edit, modify
I
highlight
I
cut, delete
I
insert, move, paste
I
scan (in)
I
handle, manipulate, process
computer programs that
process text I
set, typeset
I
print
I
publish
I
read
I
transcribe
I
annotate
I
stray from
She strayed from the
text in afew places to illustrate some of her more interest-

ingpoints.
• TEXT
+
NOUN file
The program allows you to import
text files from other word processors.
I
editor
one of the
best HTML text editors available
I
message, messaging
The text messagejust said 'Hope 2CU@theparty'.
cc;>
Special page at
COMPUTER
2 book or piece of writing to be studied
• ADJ. basic, key, standard
I
recommended, set
'Antony and Cleopatra' was one of our set texts for A level.
I
prepared
He stood up and began reading from a pre-
pared text. I
authoritative, influential
I
introductory
I
academic, dramatic, legal, literary, poetic, sacred, sci-

entific, etc.
We're studying dramatic texts by sixteenth-
century playwrights.
I
biology, mathematics, etc.
• VERB
+
TEXT read (from)
I
analyse, deconstruct,
interpret, study
I
annotate
• TEXT
+
NOUN analysis
• PREP. in a/the -
Wediscussed the use of metaphor in the
text.
I -
about/on
a poetic text about growing up in rural
England
textbook
noun
• ADJ. basic, general, introductory, standard
Do you
have the standard textbook on the subject?
I
recommend-

ed
I
economics, geography, medical, etc.
I
school
textile
noun
• ADJ. embroidered, handwoven, printed, woven
I
cot-
ton, woollen, etc.
• TEXTILE + NOUN business, company, factory, firm,
798
industry, manufacture, manufacturer, manufacturing,
mill, trade, worker
I
design, designer
• PREP. in -s
She has ajob in textiles.
• PHRASES the manufacture/production of textiles
texture
noun
• ADJ. dense, firm, thick
I
delicate, fine, light, soft
Sponge cakes have a light texture.
I
coarse, crumbly,
crunchy, rough
I

creamy, silky, smooth, velvety
I
spongy
I
sticky
I
different, varied
I
interesting, rich
She enjoyed the rich texture of the beer.
I
skin, soil, sur-
face
I
choral, instrumental, musical, string
• VERB
+
TEXTURE have
I
add, give sth
I use a styling
gel togive texture to my hair.
• PREP. in -
The cloth was rough in texture.
with a ... -
a
piece with a dense choral texture
thank
verb
• ADV. gratefully, profusely, properly, sincerely, warm-

ly
I would like to thank you all most sincerely.
<)
He
thanked her warmly for the meal.
I
politely
I
personally
I
publicly
• VERB
+
THANK must, want to, would like to
I wanted
to thank him personally
• PREP. for
I haven't thanked Bill properly yet for his
present.
thankful
adj.
• VERBS be, feel, seem
• ADV. deeply, extremely, very
I
just
I'm just thankful
that my mother never lived tosee this.
• PREP. for
Wewere thankfulfor the chance to rest.
thanks

noun
• ADJ. big, special
A big thanks to all of you who
supported our fund-raising campaign.
I
heartfelt, sin-
cere, warm
I
grateful
• VERB + THANKS express, give, say
We would like to
express our warmest thanks for all you've done.
<)
I said
thanks and put the phone down.
I
nod, smile
She smiled
her thanks as the car drove off
I
get, receive
You'll get lit-
tle thanks from him for all your trouble.
I
accept
I
de-
serve
Their generosity deserves our grateful thanks.
• THANKS

+
VERB go to sb
Thanks
go
to Ciaire Potter
for making the hall available to us.
• PREP. as/in-for
He got a bottle of whisky in thanks for
his cooperation.
-to
He gave thanks to Godfor the safe re-
turn of his son.
• PHRASES a letter/vote/word of thanks
The chairper-
son proposed a vote of thanks to the volunteers.
many
thanks
Many thanks for theflowers.
thanks be to God
We
wereall pulled out alive, thanks be to God.
thank you
noun
• ADJ. big, special
I
polite
• VERB
+
THANK YOU give, say
He didn't even say

thank you.
0
Wesaid our thank yous and goodbyes to the
hosts and went to catch a cab.
I
get
• THANK YOU
+
NOUN letter, present
• PREP. -for
She got a special thank you for all her hard
work.
-to
a big thank you to the hospital staff
thaw
noun
• ADJ. rapid, sudden
I
spring, summer
The arctic shore
remains frozen until the summer thaw.
• THAW
+
VERB begin, come, set in
• PREP. during a/the -
The river often floods during the
thaw.
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thaw
verb

• ADV. completely
Make sure the meat has thawed com-
pletely before cooking.
I
a little
!figurative) Relations be-
tween the two countries thawed a little after the talks.
I
visibly
!figurative) The old nun was as imperious as ever,
but visibly thawed when she saw the children.
lout
Has
the meat thawed out yet?
theatre
noun
1where you go to see plays, etc.
• ADJ. large
I
little, small
I
crowded, packed
The
theatre was packed for the opening night.
I
open-air
I
puppet
The pier has a unique little puppet theatre.
• VERB

+
THEATRE go to, visit
I haven't been to the
theatrefor ages.
• THEATRE
+
NOUN ticket
I
production
I
audience
I
manager, staff
• PREP. at a/the -
We were at the theatre last night.
in
a/the>
There's a bar in the theatre.
2drama
• ADJ. good, great
He writes the sort of dialogue that
makes great theatre.
I
live
I
amateur
I
commercial,
professional
I

fringe, provincial, repertory
There was
some good fringe theatre at the festival.
I
classical, con-
temporary, experimental, modern, music/musical,
popular
I
street
Wesaw some good street theatre while we
were in Paris.
I
community, youth
I
political
(often jig-
urative) The Chancellor's speech was an absorbing piece
ofpolitical theatre.
• QUANT. piece
• VERB
+
THEATRE study
He isstudying Greek theatre.
• THEATRE + NOUN studies
I
critic
3work of acting in/ producing plays
• VERB + THEATRE be in, work in
I
go into

He wants to
go into the theatre when hejinishes university.
• THEATRE
+
NOUN director, producer
I
company,
group
4 in a hospital
• ADJ. operating
• VERB
+
THEATRE take to
He's already been taken to
theatrefor the operation.
• THEATRE
+
NOUN nurse, sister
• PREP. in (the)-
She was in the operating theatre for two
hours.
theft
noun
• ADJ. petty
I
attempted
I
car, cattle, etc.
• PREP. - from
They are accused of theft from a news-

agent's shop. -
of
She admitted the theft of three pairs of
trousers.
q
Note at CRIME(for verbs)
theme
noun
• ADJ. basic, central, dominant, important, key, main,
major, underlying
I
broad, general
I
common, popu-
lar, universal
universal themes of loue and loneliness
I
constant, familiar, favourite, recurrent, recurring
I
re-
lated
I
unifying
I
contemporary, topical
I
historical,
religious, etc.
I
campaign, conference, research

I
mu-
sical
Thefilm:s haunting musical theme stayed in my head
for days.
• VERB + THEME develop, discuss, examine, explore
His later novels develop the theme of alienation.
I
warm to
'Our work', he continued, warming to his theme, 'will be a
milestone in scientific history.'
• THEME
+
VERB emerge
Several familiar themes
emergedfrom the discussion.
I
run through sth
The same
themes run through all her novels.
• THEME
+
NOUN music, song, tune
I
park, pub
• PREP. on the-of
He gave a talk on the theme of teenage
unemployment.
799
thermometer

• PHRASES variations on a theme
Most of the essays ap-
pear to be variations on
afeio
central themes.
theology
noun
• ADJ. dogmatic, liberal, natural, practical, systematic
I
ecumenical
I
traditional
I
eastern, western
I
Chris-
tian, Hindu, etc.
I
Catholic, Protestant, etc.
q
Note at SUBJECT(for verbs and nouns)
theoretical
adj.
• VERBS be
I
remain
• ADV. highly
I
purely
This research is purely theoretic-

al.
I
largely
I
rather
theory
noun
• ADJ. complete
I
partial
I
general
Einstein's general
theory of relatiuity
I
coherent
I
unified
the existence of a
grand unified theory that determines everything in the
universe
I
current, new
I
classical
the classical theory of
gravity
I
pet
One of her pet theories is that people who re-

strict their calorie intake live longer.
I
conflicting
I
crit-
ical
I
abstract
His comments arejust abstract theory and
show little understanding of the realities of the situation.
I
economic, legal, linguistic, literary, political, scientific,
social, etc.
I
post-modernist, structuralist, etc.
Current
feminist theory consists of several different trends.
I
con-
spiracya
conspiracy theory about the princess's death
I
chaos, game, quantum, number, particle, probability,
relativity, etc.
• QUANT.set
Each school has its own set of theories.
• VERB
+
THEORY have, hold
I

advance, develop, for-
mulate, produce, propose
I
work on
Police are working
on the theory that the murderer was known to the
family:
I
refute
I
confirm, prove
I
disprove
I
challenge, test
• THEORY + VERB evolve
I
hold sth, suggest sth
• PREP. in -
In theory, these machines should last/or ten
years.
I -
about
He has a theory about why dogs walk
round in circlesbeforegoing to sleep.
• PHRASES theory and practice
the distinctionlrelation-
ship between theory and practice
therapist
noun

• ADJ. trained
I
experienced
I
beauty, occupational,
sex, speech
qNoteatDOcTOR
qNoteatJOB
therapy
noun
• ADJ. alternative, complementary
I
behaviour,
speech
I
aversion, occupational, regression, relax-
ation, shock, etc.
I
family, group
They discuss their
problems in group therapy sessions.
• QUANT. course
• VERB
+
THERAPY need, require
I
be given, have, re-
ceive, undergo
He will have to have shock therapy. I
be

in, go intolwent into therapy because my doctor suggested
it.
• THERAPY
+
NOUN
group. session
• PHRASES a form of therapy
the use of hypnosis as a
form of therapy
thermometer
noun
• ADJ. accurate
I
clinical
I
digital, mercury
I
rectal
I
meat, sugar
Check that the roast is cooked right through,
using a meat thermometer.
• VERB + THERMOMETER read
• THERMOMETER
+
VERB measure sth
• THERMOMETER
+
NOUN reading
• PREP. on a/the-

the reading on the thermometer
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thesis
thesis
noun
1 part of a university degree
• ADJ.
doctoral, MA, Master's, MSc, PhD, etc.
I
chem-
istry, geology, etc.
I
research
• VERB
+
THESIS
work on
I
complete, do, write (up)
I
submit
I
publish
• THESIS
+
NOUN
research, title, topic
• PREP.
by-
She completed an MSc by thesis.

in althe-
re-
search presented in a thesis
I
-about/on
He's doing a doc-
toral thesis on the early works of Shostakovich.
2 statement of an idea/a theory
• ADJ.
basic, central, main
• VERB
+
THESIS
prove, support
The results of the ex-
periment support his central thesis.
I disprove I ad-
vance
He advanced the thesis that too much choice was
burdensome topeople.
I
challenge, refute
• PREP. -
about
a thesis about the effects of new technol-
ogy on skills
thick
adj.
1of solid things/growing things
• VERBS

be, feel, look, seem
• ADV.
extremely, really, very
I
fairly, quite, rather,
relatively
Usefairly thick wads of newspaper.
I
enough,
sufficiently
a screen of trees thick enough to conceal the
building entirely
2 of liquid
• VERBS
be, look, seem I become, get
The paint's got
too thick. T 11have to thin it down.
• ADV
very
I
fairly, quite, rather
I
enough, sufficiently
3of fog/smoke/air
• VERBS
be, feel, look, seem I become, grow
The air
had grown thick and smoky.
• ADV
very

I
fairly, quite, rather
• PREP.
with
The air was thick with dust. o ljigurative)
The atmosphere was thick with tension.
thief
noun
• ADJ.
would-be
The alarm is usually sufficient to deter a
would-be thief
I
common, petty
I
professional
I
cas-
ual, opportunist
I
sneak
I
car, jewel, etc.
• QUANT.
gang
• VERB
+
THIEF
catch
• THIEF

+
VERB
take sth, snatch sth, steal sth
A thief
snatched her handbag containing her wages.
I
escape
with sth, get away with sth, make off with sth I break in
I strike
The thief struck while thefamily were out.
thigh
noun
• ADJ.
fat, flabby, plump
I
beefy, hard, huge, muscu-
lar, powerful, strong, sturdy
I
lean, slender, slim
I
bare, naked
I
silken
I
inner
• THIGH
+
NOUN
bone, muscle
I

injury, strain
thin
adj.
1of solid things: not thick
• VERBS
be, feel, look, seem
I
become, wear
The fabric
was wearing thin.
o
ljigurative) That joke is wearing a lit-
tle thin.
• ADV.
extremely, incredibly, very, wafer-
a plate of
wafer-thin bread and butter
I
a bit, fairly, a little, quite,
rather, relatively I enough
a sliver of rock thin enough to
be translucent
2 not fat
• VERBS
be, look
I
become, get, grow
• ADV
extremely, painfully, pathetically, pitifully, ter-
ribly, very

The old horse was painfully thin.
I fairly,
quite, rather
She's tall and quite thin.
3of liquids
800
• VERBS
be, look, seem
The paint looks a bit thin.
I
be-
come, get
Be careful that the mixture doesn't get too thin.
• ADV
terribly, very
I
a bit, rather
thing
noun
1used instead of the name of an object
• ADJ.
basic, essential
I need to buy a few basic things
like bread and milk.
• VERB
+
THING
make
He makes things out of wood.
2things objects/clothing/tools

• ADJ.
swimming, tennis, etc.
I
breakfast, lunch, etc.
He hadn't washed up the dinner things yet.
• VERB
+
THINGS
get together, pack
Come on kids, get
your things together-we're going.
I put on, take off
Hang on a second-T 11just take off my painting things
(=
clothes).
I
clear away/up, put away, tidy away/up
Clear
your painting things
(=
materials)
away.
3 (used with negatives) anything
• VERB
+
THING
hear, know, notice, see
I can't see a
thing without my glasses.
I miss

I'm going to arrive early,
because I don't want to miss a thing.
I
do
She's tricked
you, and you can't do a thing about it.
I
eat!
haven't eaten
a thing all day.
I
say
Nobody said a thing when he ap-
peared with a wig on.
I
mean
Fame and fortune don't
mean a thing if you don't have happiness.
4factleventlsituation/action
• ADJ.
good, great, positive
It's a good thing you remem-
bered to turn off the gas!
o
The best thing would be to
apologize straight away.
<>
If she works hard she's capable
of great things.
<>

Try to look onyour rejection as apositive
thing.
I
lovely, nice, wonderful
I
bad, negative
Too
much studying can be a bad thing. o It's no bad thing to ex-
press your anger.
I
appalling, awful, dreadful, horrible,
terrible
That was a horrible thing to say toher.
I amazing,
curious, exciting, extraordinary, funny, interesting, re-
markable, startling, strange, striking, surprising, weird
The amazing thing is, he wouldn't accept any money!
I
ri-
diculous
I
frightening, worrying
I
annoying
I
foolish,
silly, stupid
I admit it was ajoolisti thing to do.
I
bloody

(taboo),
damn/damned I crucial, key, main, important,
vital
The key thing is to remain calm.
I little, the slight-
est, small, trivial
I give thanks for every little thing.
o
He
loses his temper at the slightest thing.
<>
It's such a small
thing to ask.
I
easy
Apologizing is never the easiest thing
to do.
I
hard
I
brave, dangerous, risky
I
natural
Enter-
taining people is the most natural thing in the toorldfor
her.
I close, close-run
I managed toget on the train, but it
was a close-run thing
(=

I
almost missed it).
I
rare I
everyday
She helped with the everyday things like shop-
ping and cooking.
I
usual
I did my usual thing of losing
my keys.
I
nearest, next best
He's the nearest thing to a
film star I'ue ever met.
<>
I wanted to be a musician, but
teaching music is the next best thing.
I
real
It'sjust a prac-
tice, not the real thing.
I
the whole
Let's forget the whole
thing.
I last
The last thing she wanted was to upset her
parents.
• QUANT.

loads, lots, plenty
Tvegot loads of things to do
today.
• VERB
+
THING do
He has afunny way of doing things.
<>
It's impossible to get things done when you're looking
after a baby.
I
make up, say
Who's been saying things
about me?
I
be hearinglimagining/seeing
There's no-
body at the door-you must have been imagining things!
• THING
+
VERB
go on, happen, occur
There are some
weird things going on in that house.
o
Afunny
thing hap-
pened to me this morning ...
• PREP.
-about

The best thing about Alan is he's always
honest.
• PHRASES
among/amongst other things
Amongst
other things, I have to deal with mail and keep the ac-
counts.
have better things to do
Tvegot better things to do
than stand here chatting all day!
know/learn/teach sb a
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thing or two
Jack knows a thing or two about kids-he's
got fiue.
no such thing
There's no such thing as ghosts
(=
they don't exist). kind/sort of thing
They
go
canoeing,
climbing, that sort of thing.
such a thing/a thing like that
People defraud their companies every day, but Mike would
never do such a thing!
a thing of the past
Books may one
day become a thing of thepast.
5things general situation, as it affects sb

• VERB + THINGS
think over/through
She's taken afeui
days off to think things over.
I
look at, see
Try to look at
things from my point of view.
I
discuss, talk over, talk
through
We arranged to meet and talk things over.
I
ex-
plain
I
accept
You should suggest changes, rather than
accept things as they are.
I
change
I
arrange, deal with,
handle, look after, run, sort out
Who's going to look after
things while you're away?
0
I want to get things sorted out
before I go away.
I

straighten out
I
mess up, spoil
I
patch up
They patched things up a week after their quar-
rel.
I
speed along/up
It might speed things up if you
phone them.
I
delay, hold up, slow down
• THINGS
+
VERB
stand
As things stand at present, he
seems certain to win.
I be going
He asked me how things
were going.
I change I go (according) to plan, go well,
work (out)
I just don't know if things are going to work
out.
I
get better, improve, look up
Wewere in trouble but
now things are looking up.

I
look bright/good/prom is-
ing/rosy
There was a week to
go
to the deadline and things
were looking good.
I look bleak/grim
Things looked bleak
for the future of the factory.
I
be in/get into a mess, get
out of hand, get/run out of control, go wrong I get
worse, go downhill I turn out
I'm
sure things will turn
out OK.
I come to a head
Things came to a head when
money uiasfound to be missing from the account.
I get to
sb
Try not to let things get toyou.
• PHRASES
all/other things being equal
All other things
being equal, the bigger fighter should win.
all things con-
sidered
All things considered, I think we've done a good

job.
get/keep things going/moving
They hired temporary
staff to keep things going over the summer.
get/put things
straight
I marched into his office to get a few things
straight.
have/keep things in hand/under control
He
offered to help, but she assured him she had things in hand.
have things on your mind
Wechatted about school, but I
could tell she had other things on her mind.
let things
slide/slip
She'd started the term studying hard, but now
was beginning to let things slip.
let things take their
course/happen
Don't worry about it-just let things take
their course.
make things better, easier, difficult, worse,
etc.
Her apology only served to make things worse.
put
things right
He apologized, and asked for a chance to put
things right.
things to come

Thepay cut uiasjust a taste of
things to come.
6what is needed/socially acceptable
• ADJ.
proper, right
He did the right thing and went back
to his Wife.
01
dtd all the right things but I couldn't get the
engine to start.
I wrong
She always manages to say the
wrong thing.
I logical, obvious, prudent, sensible
Call-
ing a doctor seemed the logical thing to do.
I decent,
done, honourable
He did the decent thing and resigned.
0
It's not the done thing toask someone how much they earn.
I very
Iced tea-the very thing!
• VERB + THING
do
I
say
• PHRASES
just the thing, not quite the thing
It

wouldn't bequite the thing to turn up in running gear.
7a person/an animal
• ADJ.
little, old
The baby's a pretty little thing.
I silly I
poor
Youmust be starving, you poor thing!
think
noun
• ADJ.
long
I
hard
• VERB
+
THINK
give sth, have
• PREP. -
about
I'oe had a long, hard think about it.
801
thinking
think
verb
1have an opinion
• ADV. really
I
personally
Ipersonally think it's all been

a lot of fuss over nothing.
I
honestly
Did you honestly
think I would agree to that?
I
never
I never thought you
would carry out your threat.
• VERB + THINK
be inclined to
I'm
inclined to think
we've been a little harsh on her.
• PREP.
about
I still don't know what he really thinks
about it.
of
What did you think of thefilm?
2 have an idea
• ADV. suddenly
• PREP.
of
I suddenly thought of a way I could help.
3 consider/reflect
• ADV.
carefully, deeply, (long and) hard
She thought
long and hard before accepting his offer.

I
fleetingly l ra-
tionally
Heseemed to have lost the ability to think rational-
ly.
I
frantically
What can I do now? he thought frantically.
I
contemptuously, despairingly, dully, glumly, grimly,
guiltily, indignantly, irritably, miserably, resentfully I
ruefully, wistfully, wryly
• VERB
+
THINK
dread to, hate to, shudder to, tremble
to I hate to think what would have happened if we hadn't
arrived.
• PREP.
about
Think about what you aregoing to do next.
of
I often think of Jane.
thinker
noun
• ADJ.
great, leading
Einstein was one of the world's
greatest thinkers.
I

deep, profound, serious
I
clear, lo-
gical I lateral I quick I creative, original I strategic I
political, religious, scientific, etc. I conservative, lib-
eral, radical, etc. I Christian, Marxist, western, etc.
• PREP. -
on
a leading thinker on constitutionallaw
thinking
noun
1using your mind to think
• ADJ.
deep, hard, serious
This topic requires a lot of
deep thinking.
I
good
Yes, we'll phone them instead-
that's good thinking
(=
a good idea), I clear, logical
I
muddled
I
quick
I
forward
The school would have made
better use of the money with a little forward thinking.

I
positive
I
abstract, analytical, critical
I
creative, inde-
pendent, innovative, original
I
lateral
I
wishful
His
claims to be a millionaire arejust wishful thinking.
• QUANT.
piece
a brilliant piece of lateral thinking
• VERB
+
THINKING do Wehave some hard thinking to
do before we agree to theplan.
I
apply
The book shows you
how to apply critical thinking toyour studies.
• PREP -
behind
It was difficult to see what the thinking
was behind their eventual decision.
2opinion
• ADJ.

contemporary, current, modern I fresh, new
I
conventional, old, traditional
I
divergent
I
government
I Labour, Republican, etc. I economic, educational,
historical, political, scientific, etc.
Traditional educa-
tional thinking placed importance on learning by rote. I
feminist, socialist, etc.
I
military, strategic
• VERB
+
THINKING
develop, shape
I
clarify, explain
I
change
They are unlikely to have changed their think-
ing
so
soon.
I
dominate
His writings on motorized war-
fare dominated strategic thinking in the 1930s.

• PREP. in ... - contemporary trends infeminist thinking
I -
about/on
What is the current Conservative thinking on
social security?
• PHRASES
a shift in sb's thinking
There's been a
shift iti
government thinking on genetically-modified food.
to sb's
way of thinking
(=
insb's opinion)
To my way of thinking,
it wouldjust bea massive waste of money.
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third
third
noun
• ADJ
first, middle, last
the last third of the novel
I
bot-
tom, lower
I
top, upper
Most of the pupils' marks were in
the upper third of the range.

• VERB
+
THIRD
divide sth into
He divided the money
into thirds.
• PREP. -
of
Over a third of sales were made over the
Internet.
• PHRASES
about/almost/at least/over a third, between
a third and a half, a third to (a) half
The discount isa third
to a half of thefull price.
thirst
noun
1desire to drink
• ADJ.
great, intense, raging, terrible, unquenchable
• VERB
+
THIRST
suffer from
Many of the refugees were
suffering badly from thirst.
I
quench, slake
I
die of

I
work up
After walking five miles, they had worked up a
great thirst.
2strong desire
• ADJ.
great, unquenchable
He has an unquenchable
thirst/or knowledge.
• VERB
+
THIRST
have
I
satisfy
• PREP.
-for
thought
noun
1sth that you think
• ADJ.
comforting, good, happy, pleasant, positive
It
was a comforting thought that at least her father hadn't
suffered.
<>
Before going on stage, I breathe deeply and
think positive thoughts. I
anxious, appalling, awful, bad,
black, dark, depressing, disquieting, disturbing,

gloomy, negative, sad, sobering, terrible
A disturbing
thought suddenly struck me.
I
interesting, intriguing
I
first, immediate, initial
My immediate thought was that he
must be joking.
I
sudden
I
little
I
fleeting, passing
I
conscious I unspoken I waking
She occupied all his
waking thoughts.
• VERB
+
THOUGHT
have, think
I'ue
just had a thought
(=
an idea).
<>
He remained aloof thinking his own
thoughts.

I
have
Let me have your thoughts on the report.
I
express, write down
I
read
She often seems to know
what
I'm
thinking, as though she can read my thoughts.
I
dread, not be able to bear, not like, not relish
She said
she couldn't bear the thought of living alone in the house.
o
I don't like the thought of you walking home alone.
• THOUGHT
+
VERB
come/pop into your mind, come
to sb, cross your mind, go/flash/pass/race through your
mind, hit sb, occur to sb, strike sb
The thought crossed
my mind that Jim might know the answer.
o
All kinds of
thoughts raced through my mind.
I
-s turn to sth

My
thoughts turned to home.
• PREP. -
about
He lay there thinking gloomy thoughts
about life and death. -
of
The children were overjoyed at
the thought of going to the seaside on holiday. -
on
They
asked him what his thoughts were on the government's
announcement.
• PHRASES
just a thought
Would Mark be able to help?
It's just a thought.
keep your thoughts to yourself
He's
not the kind of man to keep his thoughts to himself.
the
merelvery thought of sth
The mere thought of lice makes
my head itch.
push/put the thought aside/away, push
the thought from/out of your mind
2 process/act of thinking
• ADJ.
careful, proper
I

deep, profound
She is known
for her deep thought and intellectual ways.
I
coherent
He
was so upset, he was incapable of coherent thought.
I
lo-
gical, rational
I
analytical, critical
I
abstract
I
creative
I
free, independent
I
conscious
My job is
so
repetitive, it
does not require much conscious thought.
I
fresh
We have
to give the matter fresh thought.
I
second

I accepted the
offer without a second thought.
802
• VERB
+
THOUGHT
give sb/sth, spare (sb)
I'ue given
the matter careful thought.
<>
Don't give it another thought
(=
to tell sb not to worry after they have said they are
sorry).
o
Spare a thought for us-we'll be working
through the night tofinisli the report.
I
direct, turn
I tried
to turn my thoughts to pleasanter things.
I
provoke
The
article was intended to provoke thought.
I
be deep in, be
lost in
She was deep in thought and didn't hear me call her.
• THOUGHT

+
VERB
go into sth
Not enough thought
has gone into this essay.
• THOUGHT
+
NOUN
pattern, process
I couldn't see
what thought processes led him to that conclusion.
• PREP.
without -
They had acted rashly, without
thought.
• PHRASES
after a moment's thought
After a moment's
thought, I accepted his offer.
freedom of thought
The con-
stitution guarantees freedom of thought and belief
a
line/mode/train of thought
That line of thought can only
lead to one conclusion.
o
He hesitated, as though he had
lost his train of thought.
thought-provoking

There was
a
thought-provoking article about poverty in the paper.
with
no thought for sth
He ran into the burning house with no
thought/or his own life.
3ideas
• ADJ.
modern
I
19th-century, etc.
I
Eastern, Western
I
intellectual, philosophical, scientific
I
economic, pol-
itical
I
feminist, liberal, socialist, etc.
• PHRASES
a school of thought
They belong to different
schools of thought.
a strand of thought
three different
strands of scientific thought
4 kindness
• ADJ.

kind, kindly, nice
Thank you for the flowers-it
was a very kind thought.
thrash
verb
1 hit sb many times
• ADV
soundly
That boy deserves to be soundly
thrashed!
• PREP.
with
He thrashed the poor servant with his stick.
2 move your arms and legs in an uncontrolled way
• ADV.
helplessly, violently, wildly
I
about, around
The
cow fell on its side and thrashed about wildly.
3 defeat sb easily in a game
• ADV
soundly
The visiting side were soundly thrashed.
thrashing
noun
1hitting
• ADJ.
good, sound
• VERB

+
THRASHING
give
I
getHegotasoundthrash-
ing once his father found out.
I
deserve
2 defeat
• VERB
+
THRASHING
give
I
have, suffer, take
The
team suffered a 4-0 thrashing on Sunday.
• PREP. -
of
Richmond clinched promotion with a 50-3
thrashing of Roundhay.
thread
noun
1 piece of cotton, etc.
• ADJ.
strong
I
delicate, fine, fragile, thin
I
loose

I
matching
I
cotton, silk, etc.
I
embroidery, sewing
I
warp,weft
• QUANT.
length, piece
• VERB
+
THREAD
spin
I
catch, pull
You've pulled a
thread in your jumper.
• PHRASES
hanging by a thread
(often figurative) The
player's career is hanging by a thread after this latest in-
jury to his knee.
2 connection between ideas, parts of a story, etc.
• ADJ.
central, main
I
common, connecting
I
consist-

ent, continuous
I
narrative
I
loose
Apart from one or
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two loose threads, the police now had the complete picture
of what happened.
• VERB
+
THREAD follow, trace
Ifound
it hard tofolloui
the main thread of his argument.
I
lose
The speaker lost
his thread halfway through the talk.
I
keep
She struggled
against all the interruptions to keep the thread of her argu-
ment.
I
draw together, pick up, pull together, weave
The
author eventually picks up the various threads of the plot
and weaves them into
a

masterly conclusion.
• THREAD + VERB run through sth
A continuous
thread runs through all the versions of the legend.
I
emerge
On studying the different historians' accounts,
common threads emerge.
I
unravel
As thefilm. progresses,
the threads of theplot slowly begin to unravel.
threadbare
adj.
• VERBS be
I
wear sth
The carpets had worn rather
threadbare.
• ADV. a little, rather
threat
noun
1 expression of intention to do harm/punish
• ADJ. dire, terrible
Despite dire threats of violencefrom
extremist groups, the protest passed off peacefully.
I
empty, idle
The kids took no notice of the teacher's idle
threats.

I
implied, veiled
The company's pay offer was ac-
companied by thinly-veiled threats of redundancies if it
was rejected.
I
explicit
I
physical, violent
I
verbal
I
bomb, death, suicide
• VERB
+
THREAT issue, make, utter
I
receive
I
carry
outIt's unwise to make threats that you cannot carry out. I
lift, withdraw
Teachers have lifted their threat of strike ac-
tion.
I
reduce
I
give in to
The government refused togive
in to the hijackers' threats.

• PREP. - against
The accused made death threats
against
a
notable politician.
2 possible danger
• ADJ. big, considerable, dangerous, deadly, grave,
great, major, real, serious, significant
I
main
I
grow-
ing, increasing
I
constant, continual, continuous, ever-
present, permanent
I
renewed
The national park is
under renewed threat front road-building schemes.
I
dir-
ect, immediate, imminent
The opposition presents no im-
mediate threat to the government.
I
insidious
I
long-
term, short-term

I
potential
I
apparent, perceived
I
external
The government was faced with internal rebel-
lion
as
well
as
external threats.
I
physical
I
political
I
environmental
I
military, nuclear, terrorist
• VERB + THREAT be, pose, present, represent
the en-
vironmental threat posed by oil spillages
I
consider sth
(as), perceive sth as, regard sth as, see sth as, view sth
as
Translators do not yet perceive computers
as a
threat to

their livelihood.
I
face, meet
• PREP. under-
Many wild plants are under threat of ex-
tinction. I -
from
the threat from ouerfishing -
of a
threat
of violence -
to
The junta reacted vtolently to the perceived
threat to its authority.
threaten
verb
1 warn sb that you may hurt, kill or punish them
• ADV. publicly
I
personally, physically
He says he was
physically threatened in an attempt toget him to sign over
his rights.
I
repeatedly
She had repeatedly threatened to
commit suicide.
I
allegedly, reportedly
• PREP. with

She threatened him with a gun.
• PHRASES feel threatened
I never felt threatened by
him.
2 be likely to harm/destroy sth
• ADV gravely, seriously, severely
social unrest which
seriously threatens the stabiltty of the whole area
I
in-
creasingly
I
directly
I
constantly, continually
Our
marriage was constantly threatened by his other women.
803
thrive
• VERB
+
THREATEN could
I
appear to, seem to
• PHRASES be threatened with sth
Many species are
now threatened with extinction.
threatening
adj.
• VERBS appear, be, seem, sound

I
become
I
regard
sth as, see sth as
• ADV. extremely, seriously, very
seriously threatening
behaviour
I
increasingly
I
almost
I
rather, slightly,
somewhat
I
potentially
threshold
noun
1
doorway
• VERB
+
THRESHOLD cross
• PREP. across/over the -
He hesitated before stepping
across the threshold.
on the -
She stood on the threshold,
unsure whether to enter.

2 level
• ADJ. high, low
I
maximum, minimum
I
critical
I
earnings, tax
I
boredom, pain
She has an extremely low
boredom threshold.
• VERB + THRESHOLD have
I
reach
The number of
people with the disease is reaching
a
critical threshold. I
cross, exceed
I
set
They earn wages below the decency
threshold set by the EU I
raise
I
lower
• THRESHOLD
+
NOUN level, value

Below
a
certain
threshold level
a
person will not be able to detect sound.
• PREP. above/below a/the -
Her wages are below the in-
come tax threshold.
thrill
noun
• ADJ. big, great, real
I
cheap
I
vicarious
He gets vic-
arious thrills
front
watching people bungee jumping.
• VERB
+
THRILL enjoy, experience, feel, get, have
I
givesb
• THRILL
+
NOUN seeker
• PREP. for a/the -
He used to stealfrom shops just for the

thrill of it.
I -
from/out of
He used to get cheap thrills out
offrightening the girl next door.
-of
She felt a thrill of ex-
citement
as
the mountains came into view.
thrilled
adj.
• VERBS be, feel, look, seem
• ADV. really
I
absolutely, quite, utterly
I
not exactly
He's not exactly thrilled at the prospect of working for his
old rival.
I
secretly
• PREP. at
I was secretly thrilled at the prospect of going
there again.
with
I'm
really thrilled with the results.
• PHRASES thrilled to bits
I was thrilled to bits when my

son won the cup.
thriller
noun
• ADJ. gripping
I
best-selling
I
comedy, erotic, mys-
tery, political, psychological, sci-fiIscience fiction, spy
a
gripping political thriller
• VERB
+
THRILLER publish, write
She had always
wanted to write a spy thriller.
I
read
• THRILLER
+
NOUN writer
• PREP. in a/the -
one of the characters in the thriller
I
- by
a
new thriller by this American writer
thrive
verb
• ADV positively

I
still
The glass industry still thrives
there.
• VERB
+
THRIVE seem to
I
continue to
These trad-
itions continued to thrive.
I
fail to
(medical)
• PREP.
on
Some people seem to thrive on stress.
• PHRASES failure to thrive
(medical) concerned about
their baby daughter's failure to thrive
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throat
throat
noun
1front part of the neck
• VERB
+
THROAT cut, slash, slit
• PREP. by the - She seized her attacker by the throat.
2 passage down which air and food pass

• ADJ. bad, infected, sore I dry
• VERB + THROAT clear She cleared her throat, then
began tospeak.
• THROAT
+
VERB ache, hurt
I
close
(up),
constrict,
seize up, tighten His throat constricted uiithfear when he
saw the knife. I dry, go dry
• THROAT + NOUN infection
I
lozenge, pastille
• PREP down the/your - She felt the cold water trickle
down her throat.
• PHRASES the back of your throat The medicine left a
sour taste in the back of my throat. a lump in your throat
Hefelt a lump in his throat, and tearsforming in his eyes.
throb
noun
• ADJ. deep, heavy
I
dull
I
steady the steady throb of
the engine
• VERB
+

THROB feel, hear
• PREP. «oi a throb of
pairi
throb
verb
• ADY. painfully I angrily The vein at his temple
throbbed angrily. I rhythmically
• VERB + THROB begin to, startto
• PREP. with Her head throbbed with pain.
throne
noun
• ADJ. empty, unoccupied, vacant I imperial, papal,
royal
• VERB + THRONE ascend, assume, come to, gain, in-
herit, succeed to, take Elizabeth
I
came to the throne in
1558.
I
seize, usurp I occupy
I
give up, renounce
I
lose
I
regain
I
put sb on
I
topple sb from Left-wing

revolutionaries toppled the king from his throne.
I
re-
store
sb to
I be in lineto Theprince is second in line to the
throne behind his brother.
• PREP. on the - Queen Victoria remained on the throne
for over sixty years.
• PHRASES sb's accession to the throne, a claim-
ant/pretender to the throne a claimant to the vacant
Spanish throne sb's claim/right to the throne, an heir to
the throne The marriage failed to produce an heir to the
throne. the power behind the throne (figurative) Accord-
ing to the papers, the prime minister's private secretary is
the real power behind the throne. the succession to the
throne
throng
noun
• VERB + THRONG join people coming from all direc-
tions tojoin the throng
• PREP. among/through the - He made his way slowly
through the throng. in the- She was lost in the throng. into
the - Hedisappeared into the throng.
throw
verb
• ADV angrily I casually He threw the keys casually
down on the table. I aside, away, back, down, out She
threw her head back and laughed.
• VERB + THROW be ready to, be tempted to, want to I

threaten to He threatened to throw her in the river If she
screamed.
I
be going to
• PREP. at He threw a stone at the window. in/into [just
wanted to throw myself into his arms and cry. to She threw
the ball to him. towards
• PHRASES throw sth open He threw the double doors
open in a dramatic gesture.
804
thrust
noun
1strong push
• ADJ. backward, downward, forward, upward
I
ag-
gressive, fierce, powerful I knife The realization that
she was gone was like a knife thrust. I pelvic
• VERB + THRUST make The Third Army made an ag-
gressive thrust towards thefront line.
• PHRASES -into a thrust into the unknown
2 the thrust main part/ideas
• ADJ. broad, central, general, main, major She ex-
plained the broad thrust of the party's policies.
I
dramat-
ic, intellectual, narrative, political The dramatic thrust of
thefilm centres around the conflict between the brothers.
• VERB
+

THRUST direct He's going to direct the main
thrust of his work towards reforming welfare policy.
thrust
verb
• ADY. deep/deeply
I
hard
I
suddenly She suddenly
thrust out her arm. I aside, away, back, forward, out
• PREP. at He thrust apiece ofpaper at me. into She thrust
her hands deep into her pockets.
• PHRASES thrust your way She thrust her way through
the dense undergrowth.
thud
noun
• ADJ. heavy, loud, resounding I dull, muffled, soft
I
sickening
• VERB
+
THUD give She felt her heart give an extra
thud.
I
hear
I
feel
• PREP. with a - He hit thefloor with a sickening thud.
• PHRASES the thud of a heart, the thud of hooves
thud

verb
• ADV. hard, painfully, violently, wildly
(all only used
with heart) Her heart was thudding violently as she went
into the room.
• PREP. against The waves thudded against the side of
the ship. into The sniper's bullets thudded into the wall. on
Steps thudded on the stairs. with His heart thudded with
excitement.
thug
noun
• ADJ.
teenage, young
I
vicious
I
armed, knife-
wielding I racist
I
football, soccer
• QUANT. gang He was beaten up by a gang of thugs.
thumb
noun
• VERB
+
THUMB suck I flick, jab, jerk 'What'll we do
with them?' he asked, jerking his thumb at the suitcases.
I
raise, stick out He smiled and raised a thumb in greeting.
<>

I
stuck out a thumb and a car stopped immediately.
I
twiddle (oftenfigurative) [sat there twiddling my thumbs
until the manager finally appeared.
• THUMB + NOUN nail (also thumbnail)
• PHRASES between finger and thumb/between thumb
and forefinger [picked up the beetle carefully betuieenfin-
ger and thumb. thumbs up He made a thumbs-up sign
through the window to tell us everything uiasfine.
thump
noun
• ADJ.
good, heavy, loud I muffled
• VERB
+
THUMP give sb/sth She gave the television a
good thump, and the picture came back.
I
hear
• PREP. with
a -
The sack of wheat hit the ground with a
loud thump.
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thump
verb
1 hit sb/sth with your fist
• ADV.
hard

He thumped Jack hard in the face.
I
down
He thumped his fist down onto the table.
• PREP.
with
She thumped the desk with her fist.
2of the heart
• ADV.
hard, heavily, loudly, painfully, wildly
• VERB
+
THUMP
begin to
Her heart began to thump
wildly in her chest.
• PREP
against
He spun round, his heart thumping
against his ribs.
thunder
noun
• ADJ.
loud
The thunder was getting louder and louder.
I
dull
The gunfire rumbled like dull thunder.
I
distant

the
rumble of distant thunder
I
approaching
• QUANT.
clap, crash, peal, roll, rumble
• THUNDER
+
VERB
boom, break, burst, crash, ex-
plode, roar
Thunder boomed in the sky overhead.
I
growl,
grumble, roll, rumble
I
rattle sth, shake sth
The win-
dows were shaken by a tremendous crash of thunder.
• THUNDER
+
NOUN
clap
(also
thunderclap)
I
cloud
(also
thundercloud)
• PHRASES

the sound of thunder, there's thunder in
the air
(=
thunder is likely),
thunder and lightning
thunderstorm
noun
qSeeSTORM
Thursday
noun
qNoteatDAY
thwart
verb
• ADV.
easily
I
constantly
Plans to expand the company
have been constantly thwarted.
• VERB
+
THWART
attempt to, try to
• PREP. in
They were thwarted in their attempt to gain
overall control of the company.
tick
verb
1of a clock, etc.
• ADV.

loudly
I
relentlessly
I
away
The clock ticked re-
lentlessly away on the mantelpiece.
2 mark sth with a tick
• ADV.
simply
To take advantage of this extra bonus offer.
simply tick the box on your order form.
I
mentally
I
off
She mentally ticked off the names of the people she had al-
ready spoken to.
PHRASAL VERB
tick
along/over
• ADV.
nicely
The business is ticking over nicely at the
moment. I
still
• PHRASES
keep things ticking over
Morrisori had kept
things ticking over in my absence.

ticket
noun
1for travel, an event, the theatre, etc.
• ADJ.
one-way, single
I
return, round-trip
I
day,
season, weekly
an annual season ticket
I
first-class,
second-class, etc.
afirst-class rail ticket
I
invalid, valid
I
complimentary, free
I've got complimentary tickets for
the theatre.
I
concessionary, family
Concessionary
tickets are available at half the standard price.
I
advance
Use the coupon below to reserve advance tickets for the ex-
hibition.
I

admission, entrance, entry
I
air/airline, bus,
plane, rail, train, etc.
I
cinema, concert
I
library
• VERB
+
TICKET
buy, get, obtain, purchase
I
have,
hold
You must hold a valid ticket for your entire journey
805
tie
before boarding the train.
I
book, reserve
I
show (sb)
He showed the guard his ticket.
• TICKET
+
NOUN
agency, counter, machine, office
I
price

I
sales
I
holder
I
collector, inspector
I
tout
I
bar-
rier
I
stub
• PREP.
by -
admission by ticket only
I -
for
I bought a
ticket for the concert.
o
a ticket for Saturday
-to
I'ue
got a
free ticket to the match.
<>
a plane ticket to New York
2for a lottery, etc.
• ADJ.

winning
I
lottery, raffle
• QUANT.
bookI
bought a whole book of raffle tickets and
I still didn't win anything.
3giving a penalty
• ADJ.
fixed-penalty
I
parking
• VERB
+
TICKET
give sb, issue
I
get
• PREP. -
for
The police officer gave us a ticket for going
through a red light.
tickle
noun
• ADJ.
little
• VERB
+
TICKLE
give sb/sth

I
feel, get, have
He
felt
a
tickle on the back of his neck.
tide
noun
1change in the ievel of the sea
• ADJ.
big, strong
I
flood, incoming, rising
I
ebb,
outgoing
I
full, high
I
low
I
neap, spring
• VERB
+
TIDE
catch
(=
to take advantage of a favour-
able tide)
We have to get up early to catch the tide.

• TIDE
+
VERB
be in
I
be out
I
come/flow in, rise
I
ebb, fall, flow/go out, retreat
I
be on the turn, turn
I
occur
the time of day when the highest tides occur I
wash
sb/sth up
The body was washed up by the tide the next day.
• PREP.
at ... -
Seals lie on the rocks at low tide.
on a/the-
We went out to sea on the ebb tide.
• PHRASES
the ebb and flow of the tide
2 strong movement in favour of/against sth
• ADJ.
growing, rising
the rising tide of crime I
shifting

I
political
He hasn't the courage to swim against the polit-
ical tide.
• VERB
+
TIDE
go with
I
go/swim against
I
stem,
turn (back)
attempts to stem the tide of re volution
• TIDE
+
VERB
run
Seeing the tide was now running in
his direction, he renewed his campaign for reform.
I
carry
sb/sth along
I
turn
The tide of public opinion seems to be
turning at last.
• PREP
against a/the -
It takes courage to speak out

against the tide of public opinion.
on a-
They were carried
along on a tide of euphoria.
I -
against, - in favour of
Civil liberties groups helped to turn the tide against indus-
trial violence.
• PHRASES
a tide of history
the shifting tides of history
the turn of the tide
In the early 1990s there was a marked
turn of the tide.
tidyadj.
• VERBS
be, look, seem
I
stay
Why does nothing ever
stay tidy around here?
I
get sth, make sth
I
keep sth
I
hope you're going to keep your room tidy.
• ADV extremely, very
I
lrnrnaculately, scrupulously

It
was a neatly furnished and immaculately tidy room.
I
fairly, quite
The sitting room isfairly tidy.
• PHRASES
clean/neat and tidy
tie
noun
1worn round the neck with a shirt
• ADJ.
undone
His tie was undone.
I
loose
I
askew
His
tie was askew and his hair dishevelled.
I
loud
I
boot-
lace, bow, kipper
I
black, white
(=
a black/white bow tie
as part offormat dress)
a black-tie dinner

I
club, college,
regimental, school
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tie
• VERB
+
TIE
knot, tie
I
loosen
I
adjust, straighten
• TIE
+
NOUN
pin
• PHRASES
collar/jacket/shirt/suit and tie
q
Special page at CLOTHES
2 (usually ties) sth that connects you with sb/sth
• ADJ.
close, strong
I
weak
I
blood, family
I
emotion-

al
I
personal
I
business, commercial, economic
I
cul-
tural, diplomatic, political, social, traditional
• VERB
+
TIE
have
Wehave close economic ties with our
neighbours.
I
establish
I
cement, strengthen
I
cut,
sever
He cut all ties with the Church.
I
loosen, weaken
• PREP. -
between
There is a strong tie between her and
her daughters. -
of
ties of kinship

-to/with
to establish dip-
lomatic ties with China
3 in a game/competition
• VERB
+
TIE
end in, result in
The match ended in a tie.
• TIE
+
NOUN
break/breaker
• PREP. - between
a tie between Egypt and France -
for
There was a tiefor first place.
tie
verb
1attach/fasten sb/sth with string/rope
• ADY.
firmly, securely, tightly
Did you tie the balloons
on tightly?
I
loosely
He wore plimsolls, loosely tied with
bits of string.
I
carefully

I
neatly
Tie the cords neatly.
I
back, on, together, up
• PREP.
around/round
He tied his dressing gown firmly
around him.
onto
I tied the bundle onto the end of the
string.
to
She tied the rope securely to a tree.
with
Katie tied
her hair back with
a
ribbon.
• PHRASES
tie sb hand and foot
The prisoners were tied
hand and.foot,
2connect sb/sth with sb/sth else
• ADV.
closely, intimately
Their company's future is
closelytiedtoourown.
I
directly

I
firmly
I
inextricably
I
in, together, up Production and consumption are inextric-
ably tied together.
• PREP.
in with
The concert will tie in with thefestival of
dance taking place the same weekend.
to
You can't stay tied
to her forever.
up with
Her behaviour is tied up with her
feelings of guilt.
tiger
noun
• ADJ.
man-eating
I
marauding
I
sabre-toothed
• TIGER
+
VERB
growl, purr, roar
I

spring
I
maul sb
The zookeeper was mauled to death by a tiger.
I
prowl
A marauding tiger was often seen prowling around the
village.
• TIGER
+
NOUN
cub
I
skin
I
hunt
tight
adj., adv.
1not loose
• VERBS
be, feel, look, seem
I
become, get, go
Those
jeans have got too tight and I can't wear them any more.
<>
The rope suddenly went tight.
I
hold (on)
'Hold tight!' She

increased her grip.
I
clamp sth, clench sth, close sth,
draw sth, pull sth, shut sth, stretch sth, tie sth
His jaw
was clenched tight.
<>
Every muscle in her face was drawn
tight.
<>
Shut your eyes tight.
<>
The cloth was stretched
tight over theframe.
I
clutch sth, grip sth, hold sth, keep
sth
He held his children tight.
o
Keep the rope tight.
• ADY.
extremely, really, very
I
a bit, fairly, pretty,
quite, rather, reasonably
I
enough
You didn't tie it tight
enough.
2with not much time/money to spare

• VERBS
be, look, seem
I
gellthink we'd better leave-
time's getting very tight.
• ADY.
extremely, particularly, really, very
I
a bit, fairly,
pretty, rather
3controlled very strictly
806
• VERBS
be, seem
I
become
I
remain
Security at the
airport remains tight.
• ADV.
extremely, really, very
I
increasingly
I
fairly,
pretty, quite
I
enough
Are the controls tight enough?

tighten
verb
1 become/make sth firmer/tighter
• ADV.
fractionally, a little, slightly
I
convulsively, in-
voluntarily
Her fingers tightened convulsively with every
jolt she received.
I
painfully
I
up
Can you tighten up the
bolts for me?
• VERB
+
TIGHTEN
seem to
I
feel sth, sense sth
He
felt his stomach tighten.
I
make sth
His words made her
throat tighten.
• PREP.
about/around/round

His hand tightened pain-
fully around her wrist.
on
Her grip seemed to tighten on
the door handle.
in
He saw
tiis
father's
jaui
tighten in irri-
tation.
into
His mouth tightened into a thin hard line.
with
Her face tightened with pain.
2 make sth more strict
• ADY.
considerably
• VERB
+
TIGHTEN
take steps to
Steps were taken to
tighten discipline in the school.
• PREP. up
The law in this area has been tightened up
considerably.
tights
noun

• ADJ.
opaque, thick
I
sheer
I
fishnet
I
1S-denier, etc.
I
support
I
laddered
• QUANT.
pair
• VERB
+
TIGHTS
pull on
I
peel off
I
ladder
• TIGHTS
+
VERB
ladder
• PHRASES
a ladder in your tights
q
Special page at CLOTHES

tile
noun
• ADJ.
broken, damaged, loose, missing
I
decorative,
glazed, hand-painted, plain
I
ceramic, clay, cork, mo-
saic, quarry, stone, terracotta, vinyl I carpet, ceiling,
floor, roof/roofing, wall
I
bathroom, kitchen
• VERB
+
TILE
cover sth with, fit, lay, put down
I'm
lay-
ing cerarnicfloor tiles in the kitchen.
till
noun
• ADJ.
computerized, electronic
• TILL
+
VERB
ring
a sales idea that has set tills ringing
all over the country

• TILL
+
NOUN
receipt, roll
• PREP.
at/behind/on the-
The supermarket didn't have
enough people working on the tills.
in/into a/the -
Put the
money straight into the till.
I
from/out of althe -
He gave
her £lOfrom the till.
tilt
noun
• ADJ.
sharp
I
slight
I
downward, upward
I
backward,
forward
• PREP.
at a -
I positioned the photo at a slight tilt.
I

-to/towards
a tilt to the left
tilt
verb
• ADV. sharply
The ground tilted sharply downwards.
I
a little, slightly
I
back/backwards, down/downwards,
forward, up/upwards
• PREP.
away from
Tilt the mirror away from you.
to-
wards
Her face was tilted towards the sky.
• PHRASES
tilted to one side
She thought for a minute,
her head tilted to one side.
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timber
noun
1trees/wood for use in building/carpentry
• ADJ.
heavy
I
solid
a solid timber door

I
rough
I
dead, decayed, rotten, rotting I seasoned, treated I
unseasoned, untreated
• QUANT. baulk, length, piece
• VERB + TIMBER
cut, fell, harvest, saw
I
dress,
season, treat
• TIMBER
+
VERB
decay, rot
• TIMBER
+
NOUN product
I
company, industry, mer-
chant, production, yard
I
construction, frame, struc-
ture; support
I
beam, building, floor, etc.
2 (usually timbers) piece of wood used in a building
• ADJ.
sound I exposed
The house has exposed oak tim-

bers.
I ceiling, floor, roof I ship's
time
noun
1 what is measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.
• TIME
+
VERB
elapse, go by, pass
As time went by we
saw less and less of each other.
o
The changing seasons
mark thepassing of time.
I
flyHowtimejlies!
I drag
Time
drags in this job.
I
heal sth
Time heals all wounds.
• PREP.
in -
The world exists in time and space.
over-
Perceptions change over time.
through -
travel through
time

• PHRASES
the mists of time
The origins of this custom
are lost in the mists of time.
2 time shown on a clock
• ADJ.
good, perfect
My watch keeps good time.
I
local
The attacks were launched at
9
p.m. local time.
I
British
Summer, Greenwich Mean, etc.
• VERB + TIME
tell
Can your son tell the time yet?
I
have
Have you got the time?
I
make
What time do you
make it?
I
look at
Look at the time! We'll be late.
I keep

• PREP.
ahead of/behind ... -
two hours behind Central
European Time
• PHRASES
this time tomorrow, etc.
This time tomor-
row TII be in Canada.
time in/of the morning/after-
noon/evening, time of (the) night/year, time of day
3time when sth happens/should happen
• ADJ.
peak
There are extra buses at peak times.
I clos-
ing, opening I arrival, departure
• VERB + TIME
fix, set
Weneed tofix a time for the next
meeting.
• TIME
+
VERB
come
You'll feel differently about it
when the time comes.
• PREP.
ahead of -
Check the programme ahead of time.
behind -

The plane took off an hour behind time.
by the-
By the time you get there the meeting will be over.
in -
We
got home in time to seethe end of the match.
on -
The trains
are rarely on time.
4 amount of time
• ADJ.
considerable, long
I
little, short
I
reasonable
I
precious
We're wasting precious time.
I
idle
I
free, leis-
ure, spare I journey, travel, travelling
I
lead, waiting
There is a long lead time between order and delivery of the
product.
• VERB
+

TIME
have
Have you got time for a chat?
<>
I
had no time to think.
I
give sb/sth
I can certainly do the
job if you give me time.
I
take (sb)
It takes time to make
changes in the law.
<>
It took her a long time to read the re-
port. o Takeyour time(=
take asmuch time as you like). I
spend
She spends much of her time reading.
I kill, pass,
while away
It helps to pass the time.
I fritter away, idle
away I devote, put
She devotes all her spare time to gar-
dening.
o
He put all his time into the show.
I allow

They
didn't allow much time for discussion.
I
find, make
I can
never find time to write letters. c»I can probably make the
time to seethem.
I wait
Wehad to wait some time beforethe
bus arrived.
I
gain, save
You would save time with a dish-
washer.
I
waste
I
lose, run out of
Wehave no time to lose
(= we must hurry). o
I didn't finish the test-I ran out of
807
time
time.
I
be pressed for/short of
I
be out of
I
play for

Not
knowing what to do, she played for time by going to the
bathroom.
• TIME + VERB
be up, run out
Sorry, your time is up.
• TIME +
NOUN period, scale, span
I
limit
I
lag
• PREP.
at a-
Hesurfs the Internet for hours at a time.
for
a-
Ilived therefor a time.
in -
You'll get used to the work in
time.
over/with -
Her skills improved with time.
• PHRASES
all in good time(= sth will happen when the
time is right)
Be patient, Emily! All in good time.
all the
time/the whole time
The letter was in my pocket all the

time
(= while
I
was looking for it).
<>
She leaves the lights
on all the time
(= always/repeatedly). a battle/race
against time
Finishing the book was a raceagainst time.
if
time permits
We will discuss this matter later, if time per-
mits.
in the fullness of time (= when the time is right,
usually after a long period), in good/plenty of time
Get to
the airport in good time
(= plenty of time before the plane
leaves). in next to no time/in no time at all, in ten min-
utes', three hours', etc. time
I'll be back in ten minutes'
time.
in your own (good) time (= taking as long as you
want/need), a length of time
Have you lived abroad for
any length of time?
most of the time, a period of time,
some/a long time ago
Her parents died a long time ago.

a
waste of time
What a waste of time!
5 (often times) period in the past/present
• ADJ.
good, great, happy I bad, difficult, hard, rough,
sad, troubled, unhappy
Times are hard for the un-
employed.
I ancient, early, former, old
in ancient times
I
modern, recent
I
medieval, prehistoric, etc.
• VERB
+
TIME
have
Wehad a great time at the party.
• TIME
+
VERB
change
Times have changed since
Grandma was young.
• PREP.
at a/the-
He lived at the time of the French Revo-
lution.

<>
At one time Mary was my best friend.
before
your-
The Beatles were before my time.
in your-
Mr Cur-
tis was the manager in my time
(= when
I
was working
there). in-s
in times of trouble
• PHRASES
from/since time immemorial (= for a very
long time), of all time
the greatest footballer of all time
a
sign of the times, time was when
Time was when
(=
there was a time when)
we never needed to lock our house
at night.
6 occasion
• ADJ.
that, this
I'm determined to pass this time.
I last
When was the last time you saw her?

I
another, next
Next
time you're here let's have lunch together.
lone
I
each,
every
Every time I hear that song Ifeel happy.
I
appropri-
ate, good, suitable
Is this an appropriate time to discuss
my salary?
I appointed, right I bad, wrong
This would
be a bad time to tell her.
I first, second, etc. I umpteenth
I countless
I'oe told you countless times.
• VERB
+
TIME
bide
We'll have to bide our time until the
rain stops.
• TIME
+
VERB
come

Your time will come.
I be ripe
The time is ripefor revolution.
• PREP.
at a/the-
The lift can takefour people at a time.
<>
At the time of writing, a ceasefire is under discussion.
<>
Hot
water is available at all times.
<>
He can berather moody at
times.
by the -
She'll have gone by the time weget there.
for
the ... -
I told her not to do it for the umpteenth time.
I
-for
It's timefor a break.
• PHRASES
at the present time, for the time being (=
temporarily), a number of times, X times out of X
three
times out of ten
7 when you experience sth in a particular way
• ADJ.
enjoyable, fun, good, grand, great, marvellous,

pleasant, splendid, wonderful
It was a fun time for us
girls.
I awful, dreadful, horrible, miserable, sad, terrible
• VERB + TIME
have
Didvou have a good time in Spain?
8 time taken in a race, etc.
• ADJ.
fast
I
record
He completed the course in record
time.
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