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CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

TYPE 0: thể hiện đk luôn đúng ở hiện tại và tương lai

Ex: If you put a paper into the flame, it burns at once.
- If you meet Jane, please give my best regard to her.
- If John comes, tell him I am waiting for him at school.

Đảo ngữ (Were you to meet Jane, please give my best regard to her.)

If +S+ Present simple tense, Imperative form (mệnh lệnh cách)
TYPE 1: Điều kiện có thể xảy ra (open/likely/possible condition)

If + S + Present simple tense, S + simple future (will+V)
EX: If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the beach.

If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

Đảo ngữ (Should you study hard, you will pass the exam.)

TYPE 2: Điều kiện không thật ở hiện tại (present unreal condition)
If + S + simple past tense, S + past future (would+V)
 (past simple tense but present meaning)

EX: If it didn’t rain now, we would go to the beach.(e.g It is now raining outside.)

 If I were you/ If I were in your position is used to give an advice
EX: If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive bicycle.
Đảo ngữ (Were I you, I wouldn’t buy that expensive bicycle.)
If I knew it, I would tell you earlier.

Đảo ngữ (Were I to know it, I would tell you earlier.)

TYPE 3: Điều kiện không thật ở quá khứ (past unreal condition)
If+ S + had+ PP, S+ would have + PP

EX: If it hadn’t rain yesterday, we would have gone to the beach.(e.g It rained heavily yesterday.)
If I had known she was ill yesterday, I would have come to visit her.

(e.g You didn’t know she was ill yesterday.)

If he had worked harder, he couldhave passed the exams. (e.g he didn’t work hard.)
If we had brought a map with us, we mightn’thave got lost.

(e.g You didn’t bring a map with you)

Đảo ngữ (Had you worked hader, you could have passed the exam)

TYPE 4 mixed ( trong mệnh đề if trái với quá khứ, trong mệnh đề chính trái với hiện tại)
If I hadn’t stayed up late, I wouldn’t be sleepy now.

(I stayed up late and now I am sleepy)

If + S + had PP, S + simple past
Một số câu đặc biệt:

1. IF ONLY: nhấn mạnh tình huống giả thiết
- If only, I were in your position.

- If only he had known she was in hospital, he would have visited her.
2. Sử dụng were to/ had been để tăng tính giả thiết.

- If I were to ask you to lend me some money, what would you say?
- If it hadn’t been for her children, she wouldn’t have sold her house.
3. WISH

- Trái với hiện tại

I wish I had a bigger house.
- Trái với quá khứ

I wish I hadn’t been ill.

- Ao ước sẽ sảy ra hoạc phàn nàn về điều gì ngồi ý muốn chủ quan của người nói
I wish it wouldn’t rain.

I wish he wouldn’t keep on smoking
4.

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could
may
might
should

+ have+PP
He can sing well.

He can have gone out.
He should study hard

He should have studied harder
PART B: Make the correct choice

1. “Would you mind if we _______you by your first name?” -“Not at all. Please call me Tom.”

A. called B. call C. calling D. want to call

2. She can’t get home _______ she has no money.

A. unless B. if C. until D. without

3. If I had known your new address, we _______to see you.

A. came B. will come C. would come D. would have come

4. If we took the 10:30 train, _______ too early.

A. we would arrive B. we should arrive C. we will arrive D. we may arrive
5. It’s very crowded here. I wish there _______ so many people.

A. aren’t B. weren’t C. haven’t been D. isn’t

6. I wouldn’t go there at night if I _______ you.

A. am B. was C. were D. had been

7. If I _______ get a pole, I’ll go fishing.

A. can B. could C. may D. might

8. If they had enough time, they _______ head south.

A. will B. can C. must D. might

9. If you _______ a choice, which country would you visit?

A. have B. had C. have had D. will have

10. Trees won’t grow _______ there is enough water.

A. if B. when C. unless D. as

11. _______ she agreed, you would have done it.

A. If B. Had C. Should D. Would

12. If you _______ to be chosen for the job, you’ll have to be experienced in the field.

A. want B. wanted C. had wanted D. wants

13. If the doctor had arrived sooner, the boy _______ saved.

A. might be B. have been C. was D. might have been

14. If there _______ enough water, the rice fields could have been more productive.

A. had been B. were C. would be D. are

15. The patient could not recover unless he _______ an operation. [undergo: pass through]
A. had undergone B. would undergo C. underwent D. was undergoing
16. If she _______ him, she would be very happy.

A. would meet B. will meet C. is meeting D. should meet
17. If he _______ a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.

A. had had B. had C. has D. has had

18. If I had enough money, I _______ abroad to improve my English.

A. will go B. would go C. should go D. should have to go

19. If it _______ convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight.

A. be B. is C. was D. were

20. If you _______ time, please write to me.

A. have B. had C. have had D. has

21. If it _______ tomorrow, we may postpone going on a picnic.

A. rains B. will rain C. shall rain D. raining

22. If you hadn’t watched that late movie last night, you _______ sleepy now.
A. wouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t be

C. might have not been D. wouldn’t have been being
23. If you _______ as I told you, you _______ sorry now.

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C. do – would not be D. had done – would not be
24. If only I _______ him now.

A. see B. saw C. have seen D. seen

25. If I _______, I’ll let you know.

A. am staying B. will stay C. do stay D. would stay

26. If only I _______ you wanted to invest money in business.

A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know

27. Linda wishes she _______her car.

A. hasn’t sold B. hadn’t sold C. doesn’t sell D. won’t sell
28. He looked frightened as if he _______a ghost.

A. had seen B. saw C. would see D. was seeing

29. I wish it _______ a holiday today.

A. were B. will be C. is D. had been

30. “My car broke down when I was leaving Detroit and I had to take the bus.” -“_______, we would have
picked you up.”

A. Had we known B. If we have known C. We had known D. If we did know
31. If I _______ as young as you are, I _______ in a boat round the world.

A. were- would sail B. would be – would sail

C. were- will sail D. would- would sail

32. If he _______tickets yesterday, he _______ on the beach now.

A. had booked- would be lying B. had booked- would have lied

C. booked – would lie D. books- will lie

33. If you _______ less last night, you _______ so bad today.

A. had drunk- would not have felt B. drank- would not feel

C. had drunk- would not feel D. would have drunk- would not feel
34. It seemed as if he _______ of it before.

A. would never hear B. has never heard C. never heard D. had never heard
35. _______ today, she would get home by Friday.

A. Would she leave B. Was she leaving C. Were she to leave D. If she leaves
36. “He’s a very brave man.” “Yes, I wish I _______ his courage.”

A. have B. had C. will have D. would have

37. _______he_______ hard last year, he would have lost the first prize.

A. Hadn’t – studied B. Had- studied C. Didn’t study D. If – had studied
38. We’re going to be late if _______ right now.

A. we not leave B. we didn’t leave C. we won’t leave D. we don’t leave
39. “I wish this city_______ so noisy.” “I know. I wish we _______ in the countryside.”

A. isn’t – live B. wasn’t – live C. weren’t- live D. weren’t – lived
40. He acted as though he_______ for days.

A. not eat B. hasn’t eaten C. hadn’t eaten D. didn’t eat
41. We _______ the game if we’d had a few more minutes.

A. might have won B. won C. had won D. will win

42. I _______ William with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along with each other.
A. hadn’t brought B. didn’t bring C. wouldn’t have brought D. won’t bring
43. If you _______ to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.

A. listen B. will listen C. had listened D. listened
44. _______ interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it.

A. Were I B. Should I C. I was D. If I am

45. I _______ you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.

A. would have visited B. visited C. had visited D. visit

46. _______ then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years.
A. Had I known B. Did I know C. If I know D. If I would know

47. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _______ the same language?

A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak

48. Unless you _______ all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you.

A. answered B. answer C. would answer D. are answering

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A. would never have believed B. don’t believe

C. hadn’t believed D. can’t believe

50. If Jake _______ to go on the trip, would you have gone?

A. doesn’t agree B. didn’t agree C. hadn’t agreed D. wouldn’t agree
51. You are late. If you _______ a few minutes earlier, you _______ him.

A. came / would meet B. had come / would have met
C. come / will meet D. had come / would meet
52. I’d gone swimming yesterday afternoon if I _______ time.

A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had

53. What would you do if you _______ a million pounds?

A. won B. win C. will win D. had won

54. If you didn’t do this, you _______ punished.

A. are B. will be C. should D. would be

55. If he had told me the truth, I _______ him.

A. would have not punished B. would not have punished
C. would not punish D. will not punish

56. If they had not given me advice, I _______ again.

A. would have failed B. would fail C. would have been failed D. wouldn’t fail
57. If it _______, the match will be postponed

A. rains B. has rained C. is raining D. will rain

58. Bill _______ more photographs if he _______ more film.

A. would have taken / had had B. would have taken / had
C. would take / has had D. would take / had had
59. If there _______ no floods last year, the crop _______ better.

A. had been / would have been B. were / would be
C. had / would have been D. was / would have been
60. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I _______ it.

A. would never have believed B. don’t believe

C. hadn’t believed D. can’t believe

61. If I _______ you, I’d get some rest before the game tomorrow.

A. were B. could be C. am D. had been

62. If someone _______ into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”

A. comes B. came C. come D. could come

63. If I had a chance to do creative work, I _______ happy working in an office.

A. would be B. will be C. would have D. will feel

64. _______ you, I’d think twice about that decision.

A. Were I B. If I had been C. Should I be D. If I am
65. If they _______ soon, I’m not going to wait.

A. don’t come B. won’t come C. hadn’t come D. didn’t come
66. If I _______ hungry, I _______ something. But I am not hungry now.

A. were / would eat. B. had been / would have eaten
C. had been / would eat D. were / would have eaten
67. You won’t pass the examination _______ you study more.

A. unless B. as C. if D. whether

68. I’m playing tennis tomorrow _______ it’s raining.

A. unless B. if C. as long as D. provided

69. Tell him to ring me if you _______ him.

A. see B. saw C. have seen D. had seen

70. Unless she _______, she’ll be late.

A. hurries B. didn’t hurry C. hurried D. doesn’t hurry
71. Would George be angry if I _______ his bicycle without asking?

A. took B. take C. had taken D. would take

72. I _______ you a postcard while I was on holiday if I _______ your address.
A. would have sent / had had B. would have sent / had

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A. had known / were B. have known / were C. had known / are D. knew / had been
74. _______ still my friend if I were put in prison?

A. Would you be B. Will you be C. Would you D. Would you are
75. If anybody _______ a book, please ask me after class.

A. has B. have C. don’t have D. doesn’t have

76. If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I _______ in a bank.

A. would be working B. will work C. have worked D. work
77. “Can I borrow your car for this evening?”

“Sure, but Nora’s using it right now. If she _______ it back in time, you’re welcome to borrow it.”

A. brings B. would bring C. will bring D. brought

78. We’re going to lose this game _______ the team doesn’t start playing better soon.

A. if B. unless C. although D. whereas

79. If I _______ somebody else, I’d like to be a film star.

A. could be B. would be C. become D. must be

80. What _______ if they _______ tomorrow?

A. will you do / don’t come B. would you do / don’t come
C. would you have done / won’t come D. do you do / won’t come
81. He said, “_______ watch TV all the evening if you wish.”

A. You may B. You have to C. You need to D. You should
82. If he _______, please tell me.

A. comes B. won’t come C. will come D. come

83. If the earth _______ move around the sun, everything _______ floated.

A. didn’t / would be B. doesn’t / would be C. didn’t / will be D. don’t / would be
84. If I _______ that you were in hospital, I _______

A. had known / would have visited B. had known / would visit
C. knew / would visit D. knew / would have visited
85. If he had taken my advice, he _______ a rich man now.

A. would be B. would have been C. had been D. were
86. Unless you _______ smoking, you _______ better.

A. stop / won’t feel B. stop / will feel C. stopped / will feel D. stopped / would feel
87. It is a beautiful house, and I _______ it if I _______ enough money, but I cannot afford it.

A. would buy / had B. will buy / have

C. would have bought / had had D. shall buy / have
88. If you are right, I _______ wrong.

A. am B. will be C. would be D. would have been

89. If I _______ to the party last night, I _______ tired now.
A. had gone / would be B. had gone / would have been
C. went / would be D. went / would have been
90. Joe can’t hear _______ you shout.

A. unless B. if C. providing D. whether

91. You can use my car _______ you drive carefully.

A. as long as B. whether C. until D. unless

92. You can smoke here _______ you leave a window open to let the smoke out.

A. as long as B. whether C. unless D. until

93. George won’t lend you any money _______ you promise to pay him back.

A. unless B. providing C. if D. as long as

94. I’m going now _______ you want me to stay.

A. unless B. providing C. provided D. as long as

95. He said, “_______ watch TV all the evening if you wish.”

A. You may B. You have to C. You need to D. You should
96. _______ immediately, I will call a policeman.

A. Unless you leave B. If you leave C. If you didn’t leave D. Unless you left
97. If Jake _______ to go on the trip, would you have gone?

A. hadn’t agreed B. didn’t agree C. doesn’t agree D. wouldn’t agree
98. He would be happy if he _______ here now.

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99. If I could speak Spanish, I _______ next year studying in Mexico.

A. would spend B. would have spent C. had spent D. will spend
100. If the weather _______ fine, we will start early.

A. is B. be C. was D. will be

Put the verb in brackets in the correct form.

1. “I expect it will rain this afternoon.” – “If it (rain) _______ we (not go) _______ swimming.
2. If you (be) _______ really my friend, you’d lend me the money.

3. We (have) _______ to use the stairs, it the lift still doesn’t work.
4. My dog always wakes me up if he (hear) _______ strange noises.

5. Come on! Hurry up! Ann (be) _______ annoyed if we (be) _______ late.
6. If Laura (not eat) _______ so much, she wouldn’t have put on weight.
7. We could go for a drive if today (be) _______ Sunday.

8. Thank you for your help. If you (not help) _______ me, I (not pass) _______ the examination.
9. If I (have to) _______ go back to work full time, I would quit my job.

10. Supposing the computer (break down) _______, what would you do?

11. What (you/do) _______ if you (be) _______ in my situation?

12. Their marriage only lasted three months. If he (be) _______ less mean, she (not leave) _______ him.
13. If you (press) _______ that button, a receptionist (come) _______ to help you.

14. If you (heat) _______ water to 100 degrees centigrade, it (boil) _______

15. The film was marvelous. If you (come) _______ with us, you (enjoy) _______ it, too.
16. Imagine, darling. What (we/ do) _______ if your husband (have) _______ an accident?
17. Were it to rain tomorrow, the match (be) _______ postponed.

18. If I (meet) _______ you earlier, I wouldn’t have married Jane.

19. It’s a beautiful house, and I (buy) _______ it if I (have) _______ the money, but I can’t afford it.
20. Had I known she was so ill, I (not go out) _______

21. Jim is so untidy! If he (buy) _______ some new clothes, he (not look) _______ so bad!
22. If you (look after) _______ the car, it will never break down.

23. If you (look after) _______ the car, it wouldn’t break down so much.
24. If you (look after) _______ the car, we’d be able to sell it now.
25. It’s a pity David isn’t here. He (be) _______ very amused.

26. It’s a pity David wasn’t at the party. He (be) _______ very amused.
Rewrite these sentences to begin with an Imperative + and/ or + clause.

Example: a. If you fail to pay, they’ll cut off the electricity.
→ Fail to pay and they’ll cut off the electricity.

b. If you don’t stop borrowing money, you’ll be in trouble.

→ Stop borrowing or you’ll be in trouble.

1. If you ask me nicely, I’ll mend it for you.
2. You might fall if you are not careful.

3. If you don’t take a taxi, you’ll miss your train.
4. If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late.

5. If you listen carefully, you’ll find the correct answer.
Rewrite these sentences, using If

Example: a. Fail to pay and they’ll cut off the electricity.
→ If you fail to pay, they’ll cut off the electricity.

b. Stop borrowing or you’ll be in trouble.

→ If you don’t stop borrowing money, you’ll be in trouble.
1. Listen to the teacher or you won’t understand the lesson.
2. Come with me and you’ll have a great time.

3. Don’t touch that wire or you may get an electric shock.
4. Make a start now and you’ll arrive on time.

5. I must leave now, or I will miss the bus.
Put the verbs in bracket into a suitable tense.

1. Of course I’m not going to give her a diamond ring. If I (give) _______ her a diamond ring, she (sell)
_______ it.

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3. Mark isn’t a serious athlete. If he (train) _______ harder, he (be) _______ quite a good runner.

4. If we (work) _______ all night, we (finish) _______ in time, but we have no intention of working all night.
5. If you (have) _______ three wishes, what (you/wish) ______________ for?

6. Why didn’t you say that you were short of money ? If I (know) _______________ about that, I (lend)
_______ you some.

7. Jim is so untidy! If he (buy) _______ some new clothes, he (not look) _______ so bad!

8. Why didn’t you phone? I (know) _______ you were coming, I (meet) _______ you at the airport.

Finish the incomplete sentences in such a way that each one the same as the complete sentence before it.
1. Go to Britain and you’ll be able to speak English all day long.

2. You’ll get sunburnt by sunbathing all day long.

3. My phone number isn’t in the directory, so people don’t ring me up.
4. You’ll avoid waiting by booking a table in advance.

5. She is always late because she hasn’t got a watch.
6. Why don’t you come with us? You’ll enjoy it.

7. My family owns a holiday flat and that’s why we always go to the same place.
8. I can’t go on holiday because I’ve got a holiday job this summer.

9. I couldn’t get in touch because you didn’t tell me where you were staying.
10. You press this button to stop the machine.

11. My husband didn’t leave the car keys so I couldn’t pick him up at the station.
12. I don’t know her number. I can’t phone her.

13. Mr. Mills lost his job because he was late every day.

14. People don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly.

15. The accident happened because the driver in front stopped so suddenly.
16. John wants to buy a car, but he hasn’t got enough money.

Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same, beginning with If...
1. The speaker was ill suddenly and they cancelled the lecture.

2. I am in a hurry. I won’t stay for dinner.

3. He can’t type. He isn’t able to operate a computer.
4. I was able to buy the car because Jim lent me the money.

5. He doesn’t have time to do exercises, that’s why he is unhealthy.
6. Lucky you were here, or the house would have caught fire.
7. The police showed me the way, so I found the house.
8. John is fat because he eats so many chips.

9. John missed the ferry because his car broke down.
10. I didn’t know your number, so I didn’t call you.

11. Make me some coffee, and I’ll give you one of my biscuits.
12. If I’d gone to the party, I’d have met Melanie.

Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
1. Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to move the table.→ If

2. If you changed your mind, you’d be welcome to join us.→ Were you
3. I wouldn’t accept if you asked me to marry you.→ If you were
4. I didn’t enjoy my holiday there and so I am not going back.→ If

5. If the guests arrived this week, there’d be no rooms available.→ Were the guests
6. You’re tired now because you went to bed so late last night.→ If

7. She can meet him if he arrives before eleven.→ So

8. You can borrow the car, but you’ve got to fill it up with petrol.→ Provide
9. She doesn’t know anything about first aid, so she couldn’t help him.→ If
10. I didn’t look after my teeth, and now I’ve got false ones.→ If

11. You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep.→ If
12. He would have lent you his violin if you’d asked him.→ Had

13. Without your help, I couldn’t have done it.→ If → If it
Finish the second sentence in each pair, using If or Unless.

1. If you don’t do better work than this, you won’t pass the exam.
2. You can’t visit the United States unless you get a visa.

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5. If Joe doesn’t change his ways, he will end up in prison.
6. If he doesn’t work harder, he’ll lose his job.

7. If it rains, we won’t go swimming.

8. You will become ill unless you stop working so hard.
9. If you work hard, you’ll pass your exam.

10. Unless you hurry, you won’t catch the bus.

11. If he doesn’t start work right now, he’ll never finish it.
12. We won’t get there on time without taking a taxi.

13. Joan will stay on at school unless she finds a good job before September.
14. If you don’t rest, you really will be ill.

15. The child will die if nobody sends for a doctor.

16. You won’t find any accommodation if you don’t book it in advance.
17. You will catch a cold if you don’t keep your feet dry.

18. I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone.
19. Put more salt in or you won’t be able to taste it.

20. If he fails the final examination, he won’t be able to graduate.
Put IF or UNLESS in the spaces in these sentences.

1. I wouldn’t buy it _________ it had a guarantee.
2. _________ we hurry, we’ll miss the bus.

3. _________ I were you, I’d see the doctor about that cough.

4. You won’t pass your driving test _________ you drive more carefully.
5. Who would you ask _________ you didn’t know how to do it?

6. I’d buy it _________ I could afford it.

7. We’ll never get there on time _________ the train leaves soon.

8. I wouldn’t buy it _________ I could afford it.

9. I would refuse to go _________ they paid my expenses.
10. He’ll be ill _________ he doesn’t stop working.
Underline the correct word(s) for each of the sentences.
1. You can use my car (unless/ as long as) you drive carefully.
2. I’m playing tennis tomorrow (unless/ providing) it’s raining.

3. We’re going to start painting the house tomorrow (unless/ provided) it’s not raining.
4. You can smoke in here (unless/ as long as) you leave a window open to let the smoke out.
5. He won’t lend you any money (unless/ as long as) you promise in writing to pay him back.
6. The children can stay here (unless/ providing) they don’t make too much noise.

7. I’m going to now (unless/ provided) you want me to stay.
8. (Unless/ So long as) you work hard, you’ll fail your exams.

9. I’ll give you £100 (provided that/ unless) you say nothing about this.

10. (Provided that/ Supposing that) all the hotels were full, where would we stay?

Write 10 sentences about one of your unlucky day and the write the sentences in unreal ones.

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