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GVBS: NGUYỄN THỊ NGỌC KINH

MA DE 044

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the
following questions.

By far the most important United States export product in the eighteenth and nineteenth 
centuries was cotton, favored by the European textile industry over flax or wool because it was easy to 
process and soft to tile touch. Mechanization of spinning

Line and weaving allowed significant centralization and expansion in the textile industry during (5) this
period, and at the same time the demand for cotton increased dramatically. American producers were able to
meet this demand largely because of tile invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793. Cotton could be
grown throughout the South, but separating the fiber – or lint – from the seed was a laborious process. Sea
island cotton was relatively easy to process by hand, because its fibers were long and seeds were

concentrated at the (10) base of the flower, but it demanded a long growing season, available only along the
nation's eastern seacoast. Short-staple cotton required a much shorter growing season, but the shortness of the
fibers and their mixture with seeds meant that a worker could hand-process only about one pound per day.

Whitney's gin was a hand-powered machine with revolving drums and metal teeth to pull cotton fibers away
from seeds. Using the gin, (15) a worker could produce up to 50 pounds of lint a day. The later development of
larger gins, powered by horses, water, or steam, multiplied productivity further.

The interaction of improved processing and high demand led to the rapid spread of the cultivation of
cotton and to a surge in production. It became the main American export, dwarfing all others. In 1802, 
cotton composed 14 percent of total American (20) exports by value. Cotton had a 36 percent 
share by 1810 and over a 50 percent share in 1830. In 1860, 61 percent of the value of American exports was
represented by cotton. In contrast, wheat and wheat flour composed only 6 percent of the value of American

exports in that year. Clearly, cotton was king in the trade of the young republic. The growing market 
for cotton and other American agricultural products led to an (25) unprecedented expansion of agricultural
settlement, mostly in the eastern half of the United States---west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the
Mississippi River.

1. The main point of the passage is that the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were a time when
(A) the European textile industry increased its demand for American export products

(B) mechanization of spinning and weaving dramatically changed the textile industry
(C) cotton became a profitable crop but was still time-consuming to process

(D) cotton became the most important American export product

2. The word "favored" in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) preferred (B) recommended (C) imported (D) included

3. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as reasons for the increased demand for cotton
EXCEPT

(A) cotton's softness (B) cotton's ease of processing

(C) a shortage of flax and wool (D) the growth that occurred in the textile industry.
4. The word "laborious" in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) unfamiliar (B) primitive (C) skilled (D) difficult

5. According to the passage, one advantage of sea island cotton was its
(A) abundance of seeds (B) long fibers

6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about cotton production in the United States after
the introduction of Whitney's cotton gin?

(A) More cotton came from sea island cotton plants than before.
(B) More cotton came from short-staple cotton plants than before.
(C) Most cotton produced was sold domestically.

(D) Most cotton produced was exported to England.

7. The word "surge" in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) sharp increase (B) sudden stop (C) important change(D) excess amount
8. The author mentions "wheat and wheat flour" in line 22 in order to

(A) show that Americans exported more agricultural products than they imported.
(B) show the increase in the amount of wheat products exported.

(C) demonstrate the importance of cotton among American export products.

(D) demonstrate that wheat farming was becoming more profitable.
9. The word "unprecedented" in line 25 is closest in meaning to

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(A) one of the boundaries of a region where new agricultural settlement took place

(B) a major source of water for agricultural crops

(C) the primary route by which agricultural crops were transported
(D) a main source of power for most agricultural machinery

Which word has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others?:

11. a. current b. turn c. fun d. under

12. a. further b. fertile c. heard d. mother

13. a. mountain b. southern c. mouth d. count

14. a. tiny b. island c. river d. wind

15. a. coast b. lost c. most d. whole

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word differring from the rest in the position of the main
stress in each of the following questions

16. a. disappear b. engineer c. education d. attachment

17. a. consume b. reflect c. local d. between

18. a. curtain b. enclose c. contain d. remember

19. a. distance b. glorious c. exciting d. journey

20. a. tremendous b. enormous c. serious d. describe

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the
following questions.

The Civil War

The Civil War was waged because 11 southern states seceded (broke away and started their own government)
from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America. The secession took place primarily because of 
a long-standing debate concerning states rights, and more specifically the issue of slavery. As new
territories became states, opponents of slavery and advocates of slavery often clashed over whether or not that
state should allow slavery. After violence broke out in Kansas over the issue, and after Kansas entered the Union
as a free state, southerners began to believe that the new president, Abraham Lincoln would take away their
rights to make local decisions and would abolish slavery. Henceforth, Virginia, North and South Carolina,
Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas and Arkansas broke away from the Union
and formed the Confederate States of America. Richmond, Virginia was made its capital and Jefferson Davis was
made president. Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware and Missouri were divided on the issue and were declared
"border states". Congress, in an effort to preserve the United States, declared war on the Confederate States of
America on April 14, 1861.

The first shots of the Civil War were fired April 12, 1861 at Fort Sumter, South Carolina. Although there
we no deaths reported that day, the shots at Fort Sumter signified the start of a long, bloody war that would
become the most deadly in the history of the United States. Many major battles such as Bull Run I and II,

Antietam and Shiloh, among others, claimed tens of thousands of lives on both sides in 1861 and 1862. Neither
the Union nor the Confederacy had the upper hand.

The turning point in the war, however, occurred on July 1, 1863, when Confederate and Union armies met at
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The battle that ensued was one of the bloodiest battles in American history.
Eventually, Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia was driven away from Pennsylvania by Union general
George Meade and his Army of the Potomac. The battle did much to cripple the Confederate army. Meanwhile, in
the western battlegrounds, Union forces under Ulysses S. Grant had gained control of the Mississippi River and
port of New Orleans which effectively split the Confederacy in two.

Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia was further decimated after Ulysses S. Grant was made commander of
the Union Army. Grant waged dozens of surprise attacks against Lee's army in the wilderness of Virginia in 1864.

Although the battles resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of soldiers on the Union side, the Confederate
Army was at the brink of collapse. Meanwhile, Union general William T. Sherman marched through Georgia and
the Carolinas, destroying everything in his path. The march came to be known as "Sherman's March to the Sea".
Finally, after Union forces had invaded the Confederate capital of Richmond, the Confederate states surrendered
on April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia. The Union was preserved.

21.What does secede mean?

A. To break away from B. To join C. To accomplish D. To lose
22. Which of the following best describes why 11 southern states seceded from the Union?
A. Because the government wanted the states to make important decisions concerning slavery.

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C. Because the southern states did not want the government to make important decisions for 
them concerning slavery

D. Because the government did not want to make important decisions for the southern states concerning
slavery.

23. Which of the following is true?

A. Congress declared war before the first shots were fired at Fort Sumter.

B. The first shots fired at Fort Sumter occurred after Congress declared war.

C. Congress declared war after the first shots were fired at Fort Sumter. D. Abraham Lincoln was president of
the Confederacy.

24. Which of the following was NOT a state that seceded from the Union?

A. Maryland B. Virginia C. North Carolina D. Florida

25. What was the turning point of the Civil War?

A. Shiloh B. Appomattox Courthouse C. Antietam D. Gettysburg

26. What general was responsible for the retreat of General Lee and his Army of Northern Virginia at the Battle
of Gettysburg?

A. Ulysses S. Grant B. William T. Sherman C. George Meade D. Jefferson Davis
27. Which of the following is not true?

A. Gettysburg was the turning point of the Civil War.

B. Robert E. Lee's Army of the Potomac was forced out of Pennsylvania by General George Meade and the
Amry of the Potomac.

C. After Ulysses S. Grant was made commander of the Union army, he staged a series of attacks 
in Georgia that decimated Lee's army.

D. William T. Sherman and his army destroyed much of Georgia.

28. After which event(s) did the Confederate States of America surrender?

A. Gettysburg B. The invasion of Richmond. C. Sherman's March to the Sea. D. The
Wilderness attacks.

29. What happened first?

A. The invasion of Richmond. B. The surrender of the Confederacy.

C. The Battle of Gettysburg. D. Sherman's March to the Sea.

30. What was president Lincoln's main goal during the war?

A. To make the southern states submit to the will of the north. B. To destroy Georgia.
C. To invade Richmond. D. To preserve the Union.

Chọn phương án đúng ( a, b, c hoặc d) để hoàn thành mỗi câu sau:
31. These days almost everybody …….the danger of smoking.

a. know of b. are aware of c. is aware about d. is aware of

32. Because it was faster, Jim…….on my taking the plane to London instead of the train.

a. resisted b. insisted c. refused d. reminded

33. Until she was arrested last week, the young woman thought she had……..the perfect crime.

a. committed b. escaped c. got away d. charged

34. …….it not been for the intolerable heat in the hall, they would have stayed much longer.

a. If b. But c. Should d. Had

35. The ball……tow or three times before rolling down the road.

a. sprang b. bounced c. leap d. hopped

36. The……of the pagoda in the water was very clear and beautiful.

a. sight b. shadow c. reflection d. mirror

37. When I came, the salesperson was……….to the customers how to use a new kind of washing machines.

a. demonstrating b. proving c. exposing d. teaching

38. In economics, “diminishing returns” describes……..resource inputs and production.

a. among b. when it is c. among them d. the relationship between

Mahoney: Do you remember the restaurant we went to Friday.
Marcus: Sure I do. It was the ' Silver Castle '.

Mahoney: No, we've never been to the ' Silver Castle '.

Marcus: Maybe it was the Gold Coin.

Mahoney: No Gee. It is on the tip of my tongue.
Marcus: Never mind. The food was terrible.

39. If something that you want to say is on the tip of your tongue, you think …..
A. It is in your mind and you will soon talk it out. B. You hardly remember it
C. You remember it clearly, but your tongue makes it impossible for you to utter it

D. You know it and that you will be able to remember it very soon.

Renee: We need to book a meeting room. But the meeting rooms are almost booked out. I'm still working on
that.

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Renee: I'll do my best. And I'll make sure all the presentation slides are ready on the computer.

Michelle: Good. And don't forget to give me the rundown on the rehearsal.

Sam: No problem. Renee and I will see to it.

Michelle: Then that concludes our meeting today. Let's roll.
40. The rundown means

A. The revision B. The review C. The detailed report D. The content

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best option for each of the
blanks

ADVERTISEMENTS

Perhaps the most creative use of language in newspaper is in the advertisements. The writers have to catch and
( 41)……the reader’s attention. They often ( 42)……this with a play on words. You read the words and

understand them one way and then suddenly you (43)…..that another interpretation is possible. Through the
ambiguity the advertisement has caught your attention- and the advertiser (44)…..you’ll buy the product.

Under the picture of a new car are the words: “Not another family saloon.” The dual interpretation of that phrase
is dependent on how it is pronounced. Misread it by putting the stress on the second word thereby projecting a
message the advertiser would clearly not want , and this ( 45)…..you look again and pay conscious attention to
the alternative message.

Advertising copywriters frequently ( 46) …..use of idioms. One advertisement showed girls wearing different
coloured jeans, but none the traditional blue ones. Underneath were words: “Jeanius is ( 47)…..ideas out of the
blue.” On level, that ( 48)…..the jeans are not ordinary blue jeans but ones in a range of colours. But there is
also the suggestion that these new jeans are a sudden piece of inspiration, a stroke of genius. “ Out of the blue”
is an idiom which means quite unexpectedly and genius often ( 49)…..getting a brilliant idea suddenly. That’s
very clever, but it’s not quite the end of it, because it’s not genius they are ( 50)……about, but jeanius. That is
another play on words, the product they are selling, after all, is a pair of jeans.

41. a. maintain b. hold c. remain d. pay

42. a. have b. make c. succeed d. do

43. a. aware b. realize c. indicate d. wonder

44. a. hopes b. wishes c. sees d. makes

45. a. tells b. makes c. causes d. forces

46. a. have b. do c. make d. get

47. a. having b. thinking c. making d. arriving

48. a. means b. tells c. seems d. pretends

49. a. compares b. is c. contains d. involves

50. a. talking b. saying c. telling d. meaning

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that has the same meaning as the original one
51. It was nearly dark when our bus finally arrived, after what seemed like an endless journey.

A. It was a long, dark journey through the night, which made you quite impatient.

B. Though the bus trip took a long time, since we arrived before dark, it did not seem that long.

C. Our bus trip seemed to take forever, but finally ended at dusk.

D. Though it was not far, the darkness made the trip seem much longer than it actually was.
52. The moment Marie felt the need for a change in her life, the first thing she did was quit he job.

A. As soon as Marie realized that she needed to change her life, she gave up her job first 
things.

B. Since Marie was not at all happy with her job, she was sure that anything else would make her
happier.

C. Now that she has lost her job, the first thing Marie should do it to make a radical change in her life.
D. Marie resigned from her position because she felt it demanded a change in her lifestyle.

53. Workers are expected to dress appropriately, as described in the company rules, while on the premises.
A. Employees need to wear their official uniforms only when in company-owned buildings.

B. When at the workplace, employees must wear clothing in accordance with company 
regulations.

C. It is preferred that workers wear best clothes when they visit the office.

D. It is better if workers put on their uniforms before they get to work, as this is more appropriate.
54. I write to my friends overseas on a regular basis so that we don’t lose touch.

A. It is important for me to send letters to my friends abroad to keep them up to date on events in my
life.

B. I keep in touch with my friends in foreign countries by writing to them from time to time.
C. My friends struggle not to lose contract with me by writing very often.

D. In order to maintain contract with my friend abroad, I correspond with them regularly.

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A. Although it’s true she said she was sorry, she wasn’t sincere at all.

B. She made by far the most sincere apology I’ve ever heard.

C. She could at least have apologized, even if insincerely, for what she did.
D. She sounded as if she was really sorry for what happened.

56. Parents play an important role in their children’s academic success.

a. Video games have a negative impact on children’s academic success.

b. Studies show that children of parents who regularly assist with homework and show an active interest in their
child’s studies bring home better grades.

c. Studies show that watching less television and spending less time playing video games help children get
better grades.

d. Children who are avid readers get much better grades than their peers.

57. In special cases, needy people who have nowhere else to go are permitted to enter the United States as
refugees.

a. Other people, however, enter the United States illegally.
b. The total number of newcomers was over one million.

c. United States immigration laws put limits on the number of people permitted to enter the United
States.

d. As many as 12 million people may be living in the United States illegally.

58. More and more people are eating organically grown fruits and vegetables.
a. Organic food is usually more expensive than non-organic food.

b. A wide variety of organic chocolate products are now available in stores.

c. Raw foods are enjoying increasing popularity, now that people are discovering how a raw-foods diet leaves
you feeling and looking great.

d. Fresh organic produce contains more vita- mins, minerals, and enzymes than non-organic 
produce.

59. In Oklahoma, a girl is forbidden to take a bite from her date’s hamburger.
a. It’s illegal for teenagers to take a bath during the winter in Clinton, Indiana.
b. Youngsters may not spin Yo-Yos on Sunday Memphis, Tennessee.

c. It may be hard to believe, but these types of strange laws are still on the books!

d. It is illegal to parade an elephant down Main Street in Austin, Texas.

60. The Puritans established a wide variety of punishments to enforce their strict laws.

a. The Puritans believed that some law breakers should be shamed in public by the use of stocks 
and the pillory.

b. Disobedient children would feel the sting of the whip.

c. The Eighth Amendment of the Bill of Rights prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.

d. Today, many of the punishments used by the Puritans seem cruel and excessive

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on the answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction
61. ( A) The number of ( B) time he spends ( C) gardening ( D) is increasing every day.

62. It would be ( A) both noticed and ( B) appreciating if you could finish ( C) the work before you ( D) leave.
63. ( A) The suits were ( B) hanged in the closet ( C) when they ( D) were returned from the cleaners.

64. ( A) A vast quantity of radioactive ( B) material ( C) is made when a hydrogen bomb ( D) explode.

65. Commercial letters of credit ( A) are often used to ( B) financing ( C) export trade, but they can have
(D) other uses.

Choose among A,B.C and D the one with the same meaning as the underlined part:

66. That last comment of yours won the day because nobody could possibly argue with you after that.

a) assured us victory b) assured us the answer c) assured us progress d) assured us
agreement

67. Steve liked the company of others.

a. Steve found a club b. Steve founded a club

c. Steve liked other people’s company better than his own d. Steve liked the other company.
68. His dog is definitely not a bloodhound.

a. His dog smells badly b. His dogs smells bad

c. His dog smells definitely good d. His dog cannot smell blood.

69. We left the children playing in the park and they were as happy as the day is long

a) reasonably happy b) quite happy c) very happy d) always happy
70. They got engaged about two years ago and at long last they have named the day

a) said when they are getting married b) said where they are getting married
c) said why they are getting married d) said if they are getting married
71. Jane refused to attend his birthday party, which made him feel sad.

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c. Jane made him sad despite her refusal to attend his birthday party. d. Jane refused to attend his birthday
party because it made him sad.

72. He called his sister names.

a. He was angry with his sister. b. he called his sister’s names.

c. he called his sister by many different names d. He loved his sister very much.

73. I've been doing these exercises for two hours now and I think at long last I'm starting to see daylight.
a) see the answer to the problem b) see the reason for the work

c) see the end of the task d) see the problems in the answers.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is the best-built from the
prompts given

74. knowing/think/are/real/up/they/not/the/children/growing/that/world/about

a. They think that children are growing up not knowing about the real world

b. Children think that they are not growing up knowing about the real world

c. Children are growing up thinh that they not knowing about the real world
d. They think that the children are not knowing about real world growing up

75.English/the/of/began/the/century/expeditions/from/England/the/of/16th/toward/beyond/Britain/westward/to/en
d/the/movement/America

a. Toward the end of the 16th century, westward expeditions from England began the movement of

English beyond Britain to the America

b. The end of the 16th century toward westward expeditions from England began the movement of English 
beyond America to the Britain

c. Toward the end of the 16th English century, of westward movement from England began the expeditions 
beyond Britain to the America

d. Toward end of the 16th century, the westward expeditions from England began the movement of English 
beyond Britain to the America

76. Group / men / invite / plunge / hands / bowl/ icy water.

a. A group of men were invited to plunge their hands into a bowl of icy water.

b. Group of men were invited to plunge hands into a bowl of icy water.
c. A group of men were invited to plunge hands into a bowl icy water.
d. The group of men were invited plunge their hands in bowl of icy water.
77. Then / they ask / tell / researcher / how much / hurt.

a. Then they asked to tell a researcher how much it hurt.
b. Then they were asked to tell researcher how much it hurt.

c. Then they were asked to tell a researcher how much it hurt.

d. Then they were asked to tell a researcher how much hurt.
78. Half / them / report back / man ,/ half / attractive woman.

a. half of them reported back to a man, other half to an attractive woman.
b. Half them reported back to a man, other half to an attractive woman.

c. half of them reported back to a man, the other half to an attractive woman.

d. Half of them reported back a man, the other half an attractive woman.
79. Those / talk / woman / claim / suffer significantly less pain / others.

a. Those who talked to the woman claimed to suffer significantly less pain the others.

b. Those who talked to the woman claimed to suffer significantly less pain than the others.

c. Those talked to the woman claimed to suffer significantly less pain than the others.
d. Those who talked to a woman claimed to suffer significantly less pan than others.

80. When women / ask / do same, / they / report / similar level / pain / whether they / talk / man / woman.
a. When women were asked to do same, they reported a similar level of pain whether they were talking to a
man or a woman.

b. When women were asked to do the same, they reported similar level of pain whether they were talking to a
man or a woman.

c. When women were asked to do the same, they reported a similar level of pain whether they talked to man or
woman.

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