tài liệu học python cơ bản

+MЪMXLMЖY
,MЖRRE]4]XLSRPɧQШXXVSRKRLоRKRKɺRRKоPϼTXVɳRL
чERKчšвGGLɾʁFЮMXɴRLчEHϰRKZАиRKHдRKXLšZMЖR
TLSRKTLɾZɧGШRKчТRKчɺRKчϲS
ɇɪPɧQZMЖGZЪM4,4RʆQZɧGɹRLоRKXɨGZдQɧ4,4
OLɹQɧXLрGLMЖRXРMšYчšвGOLMЎRQɳRLTLϲMXMЎTGϼRZЪM
4]XLSRXVSRKKMEMчSϰRRɧ]
'YРRWɨGLRLОRɧ]чšвGZMЎXXVSRKUYɨXVɳRLQɳRLFϾXч϶Y
LМG4]XLSRZɧKMϲMUY]ЎXGɨGFɧMXSɨRG˜FϲRXLISRLYG϶Y
GжEQɳRL
,]ZМRKRLоRKKLMGLɰTGжEQɳRLGˢRKWЌKMɾTɴGLGLS
RLоRKEMчERKUYERXɩQчЎRZMЖGиRKHдRK4]XLSRZɧS
GɺRKZMЖGZɧ\мPʁLMЖRXϰM

1дGPдG
7ɨGLчšвGGLMEPɧQGLš˜RKQЦMGLš˜RKWЌXVɳRLFɧ]
OLɴEGϰRLGжE4]XLSRQɧQɳRLWЌKІTTLϲMZɧWЌLоYɴGL


OLMFMЎXGɨGOMЎRXLиGRɧ]XVSRKZMЖGɨTHдRK4]XLSRZɧS
GɺRKZMЖGXVSRKXš˜RKPEM
 ,IPPS[SVPH
 'ɾTLɨT
 4LɩRGLMEQSHYPI
 'PEWW
 8LESXɨGXVɱRXϼTXMR
 <мPʁLɳRLϲRL
 <мPʁJMPI.732
 <мPʁJMPI<10

 /ЎXRРM1]750
 /ЎXRРM6IHMW
 /ЎXRРM1IQGEGLIH
 /ЎXRРM6EFFMX15
 6IWXJYP'PMIRX
 +ЮMIQEMPZЪM7184
 7SGOIX4VSKVEQQMRK


'Lš˜RK,IPPS[SVPH
4]XLSRPɧQШXRKɺRRKоTLMɱRHКGL
-RXIVTVIXIV0ERKYEKI

XиGPɧOLɺRKG϶RFYMPHXLɧRLJMPIXLрGXLMQɧGLϰ]XVрGXMЎT
RLš4,4
,MЖRXϰM4]XLSRGɹRLɨRLGLɴRLPɧ\Zɧ\ЭRLɨRL\
чɪHкRKTLɨXXVMВRZɧчERKчиRKЮTLMɱRFϲR2LɨRL
4]XLSR\XLɳZϺRчERKчšвGXMЎTXдGTLɨXXVMВR
;IFWMXIGLɴRLXLиGGжE4]XLSR[[[T]XLSRSVK

'ɧMчІX
4]XLSRLЦXVвL϶YLЎXGɨGRАRXϲRKZɧVϴXHДXɳQXLϴ]WЄR
XVɱRQШXWРLЖчMАYLɧRLRLš1EG37ŷ
ɇВFMЎXPɧLЖXLРRKGжEFϰRчɪGɧM4]XLSRGLšEGɹXLВZɧS
QɧRLɳRLGSQQERHPMRIZɧKɻ
$ python --version


2ЎYчɪGɧMчІXT]XLSRXLɳWЌLMВRXLКXLɺRKXMRTLMɱRFϲR
T]XLSR2ЎYFɨSPЦMXLɳчТRKRKLʨEZЪMFϰRGLšEGɧMчІX

4]XLSR
'ɹXLВXLEQOLϲSGɨGLGɧMчІX4]XLSRXϰM
LXXTW[[[T]XLSRSVKHS[RPSEHW

'ɺRKGдTLɨXXVMВR
'LИG϶RHɽRKQШXXI\XIHMXSVPɧFϰRGɹXLВZMЎXчšвGGSHI
T]XLSRLSІGGɹXLВHɽRKGɨGGɺRKGдGESGϴTL˜R
-()
RLš%TXERE4]'LEVQŷ'ɨG-()XLšЬRKLЦXVвXLɱQUYɨ
XVɳRLTLɩRXɴGLGɾTLɨTHɸRKPЖRLHIFYKŷXVSRKTLϰQZM
GYРRWɨGLRLОRɧ]XLɳQɳRLLšЪRKчЎRGɨGLXLрGXLM
T]XLSRFЀRKHɸRKPЖRL

,IPPS[SVPH
8ϰSQШXJMPIGɹXɱRPɧ helloworld.py ZɧGɹRШMHYRKRLš
WEY
print 'Hello world'


print PɧPЖRLG˜FϲRRLϴXчВ\YϴXQШXFMЎRVE
XLšЬRKPɧ

QɧRLɳRL

7EYчɹZɧSQɧRLɳRLGSQQERHPMRIHMGLY]ВRчЎRXLš
QдGGLиEJMPIRɧ]ZɧKɻ
$ python helloworld.py

2ЎYXLϴ]\YϴXLMЖRHɸRKGLо Hello world XиGPɧFϰRчɪ
LSɧRXLɧRLZMЖGZMЎXиRKHдRKT]XLSRч϶YXMɱR

'Lš˜RK'ɾTLɨT
&MЎRWР
/LEMFɨSFMЎRFЀRKQШXGɩYPЖRLKɨR
a = 1

FϰRGɹXLВKɨRRLMАYPSϰMKMɨXVК
WРGLYЦM
GLSQШXFMЎR
a
a
a
a

=
=
=
=

1
'Hello World'
[1, 2, 3]
[1.2, 'Hello', 'W', 2]

8SɨRXмWРLМG
4]XLSRGˢRKLЦXVвQШXWРXSɨRXмXSɨRLМGXLɺRKHдRK
RLš
+ TLɰTGШRK

- TLɰTXVк
* TLɰTRLɩR
/ TLɰTGLME
% TLɰTGLMEPϴ]Hš
QSHYPS

&SSPIERZɧ8SɨRXмPSKMG
+MɨXVКчɾRKZɧWEMXš˜RKиRKPɧ True Zɧ False 
not чВчϲSKMɨXVК
and TLɰTXɴRLPSKMGZɧ
%2(
or TLɰTXɴRLPSKMGLSІG
36

1ШXWРTLɰTWSWɨRLXLɺRKXLšЬRKRLš < 
FɰL˜R
 <= 
Fɰ
L˜RLSІGFЀRK
 > 
PЪRL˜R
 >= 
PЪRL˜RLSІGFЀRK
 ==

FЀRK
 != 
OLɨG
чВWSWɨRLKMɨXVК

,ЦXVвHϰRKWSWɨRLOɰTRLš


x = 2
1 < x < 3
10 < x < 20
3 > x <= 2
2 == x < 4

#
#
#
#

True
False
True
True

8SɨRXмOMВQXVETL϶RXмXVSRKQШXXϼTLвT in OMВQXVE
GɹXТRXϰM not in OMВQOLɺRKXТRXϰM
'good' in 'this is a greate example'
alse
'good' not in 'this is a greate example'

# F
# True

'ϴYXVɾGчMАYOLMВR
4]XLSRLЦXVвQШXWРGϴYXVɾGчMАYOLMВRXLɺRKHдRK,϶Y

LЎXGɨGGϴYXVɾGчMАYOLMВRчАYHрEZɧSXLдXч϶YHɸRK

MRHIRXMSR
чВXϰSXLɧRLQШXFPSGO\мPʁXLE]ZɳWмHдRK
{ ŷ } RLšGɨGRKɺRRKоOLɨG
4,4.EZEWGVMTX

-JŷIPMJŷIPWI